GT Tinhocungdung

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

B MN H THNG THNG TIN

(Lu hnh ni b)

Nha Trang, thng 04 nm 2011
BI GING
TIN HC NG DNG
DNH CHO SINH VIN CC NGNH KINH T

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

(Lu hnh ni b)

BI GING
TIN HC NG DNG
DNH CHO SINH VIN CC NGNH KINH T
i

MC LC

LI M U .................................................................................................................................... v
Phn I NHP MN C S D LIU ...................................................................
CHNG . TNG QUAN V C S D LIU .......................................................................
1.1. Cc khi nim .............................................................................................................
1.2. V d ...........................................................................................................................
1.3. M hnh d liu ..........................................................................................................
1.4. Bi tp ........................................................................................................................
CHNG 2. M HNH D LIU QUAN H ..............................................................................
2.1. Thuc tnh, b, lc quan h v quan h ..............................................................
2.2. Lc c s d liu v c s d liu ......................................................................
2.3. Rng buc ton vn ..................................................................................................
2.3.1. Rng buc Kha ca lc quan h .............................................................
Mi lin h gia cc quan h. Rng buc Kha ngoi ....................................
2.3.3. Cc rng buc khc ..........................................................................................
2.4. Cp nht d liu v vi phm rng buc ton vn .....................................................
2.4.1. Thm (Insert, Append) ......................................................................................
2.4.2. Xa (Delete) .....................................................................................................
2.4.3. Sa (Update) ....................................................................................................
2.5. Bi tp ......................................................................................................................
CHNG . I S QUAN H ..................................................................................................
3.1. Biu thc c bn ......................................................................................................
3.2. Php chn (SELECT) ............................................................................................... 2
3.3. Php chiu (PROJECT)............................................................................................ 2
3.4. Php tch Descartes (CARTESIAN PRODUCT) .................................................... 22
3.5. Php kt ni bng (EQUI JOIN) .............................................................................. 2
3.6. Php nhm d liu (GROUP) .................................................................................. 2
3.7. Bi tp ...................................................................................................................... 2
Phn II H QUN TR C S D LIU MICROSOFT ACCESS ................
CHNG 4. GII THIU H QUN TR C S D LIU MICROSOFT ACCESS .......
4.1. Gii thiu Microsoft Access ....................................................................................
4.2. Khi ng MS Access .............................................................................................
4.3. To c s d liu mi ..............................................................................................
ii

4.4. M mt CSDL c trong my tnh ........................................................................
.. Cc i tng chnh ca mt CSDL Access ............................................................
4.6. Cc ton t s dng trong MS Access .....................................................................
4.7. Mt s hm s dng trong MS Access.....................................................................
4.8. Bi tp ......................................................................................................................
CHNG 5. BNG (TABLE) ......................................................................................................
5.1. Cc khi nim ...........................................................................................................
5.1.1. Bng ..................................................................................................................
Trng d liu (field) .......................................................................................
5.1.3. Bn ghi (record) ...............................................................................................
5.1.4. Kha chnh (primary key) .................................................................................
5.1.5. Mi lin h gia cc bng (relationship) .........................................................
5.2. Xy dng cu trc bng ............................................................................................
5.2.1. S dng ch Design View to bng ........................................................
5.2.2. To kha chnh .................................................................................................
Lu bng ...........................................................................................................
5.2.4. Hiu chnh bng................................................................................................
5.3. Thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng ........................................................................
5.4. Cp nht bng ...........................................................................................................
5.4.1. Xem v nhp d liu .........................................................................................
5.4.2. Nhp d liu s dng Lookup ...........................................................................
5.4.3. Mt s li c th xy ra khi nhp d liu .........................................................
5.4.4. Xa bn ghi .......................................................................................................
5.4.5. Sp xp d liu .................................................................................................
.6. Lc d liu ........................................................................................................
CHNG 6. TRUY VN (QUERY) ............................................................................................ 5
6.1. Cc khi nim ...........................................................................................................
.2. Query truy vn ..........................................................................................................
6.2.1. Select Query (truy vn vi php chn, chiu, kt ni) ......................................
6.2.2. Group by Select Query (truy vn vi php nhm) ............................................
6.2.3. Crosstab Query .................................................................................................
6.3. Query thm, xa, sa ................................................................................................ 2
6.3.1. Make Table Query .........................................................................................
6.3.2. Update Query ...................................................................................................
6.3.3. Delete Query .....................................................................................................
6.3.4. Append Query ...................................................................................................
6.4. Truy vn c tham s .................................................................................................
iii

CHNG . BIU MU (FORM) ............................................................................................... 6
7.1. Khi nim Form .......................................................................................................
7.2. S dng Form Wizard to Form ..........................................................................
7.3. S dng Design View to Form ..........................................................................
7.4. Main-Sub Form ........................................................................................................
7.5. S dng nt lnh (Command Button) ......................................................................
CHNG . BO CO (REPORT) .............................................................................................
8.1. Khi nim v Report ................................................................................................
8.2. S dng Report Wizard to bo co ....................................................................
.. To bo co c phn nhm.......................................................................................
CHNG . BI TP THC HNH ..........................................................................................
9.1. Bi tp 1 Qun l Sinh vin ..................................................................................
9.2. Bi tp 2 Qun l Bn hng ................................................................................
9.3. Bi tp 3 Qun l Th vin .................................................................................
9.4. Bi tp 4 Qun l D n ......................................................................................
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................................
iv

v

LI M U

Ngy nay cc h thng thng tin ng mt vai tr quan trng trong hot ng
ca doanh nghip. Cc h thng thng tin nh k ton, khch hng, thng tin v sn
xut, phn phi hng ha gip qun tr doanh nghip mt cch hiu qu, a ra
cc quyt nh hp l. S pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin lm cho vic xy dng
v vn hnh cc h thng c s d liu trn c d dng, tin li.
Trong phm vi ca mn hc Tin hc ng dng dnh cho sinh vin cc ngnh
kinh t, chng ti quyt nh chn ch c s d liu ging dy, nhm cung
cp cc kin thc v k nng cn bn, lm tin cho ngi hc tip cn vi vic
xy dng hay s dng cc h thng thng tin sau ny. Ni dung ca mn hc gm
hai phn chnh:
Phn I: Nhp mn C s d liu. Phn ny cung cp cc kin thc l thuyt
v c s d liu, c th l m hnh t chc d liu quan h v cc php ton x l
s liu.
Phn II: H qun tr C s d liu Microsoft Access.Trong phn ny, ngi
hc ng dng cc kin thc trong phn I cho mt phn mm c th l Microsoft
Access, rn luyn cc k nng v thit lp c s d liu, thc hin cc cu truy vn,
xy dng cc biu mu nhp liu, cc bo co
Vi thi lng l 2 tn ch cho c l thuyt v thc hnh, chng ti c gng
cung cp nhng kin thc c bn nht nn cng khng th trnh nhng thiu st.
Chng ti mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp mn hc c hon thin
hn.


vi

Phn I
NHP MN C S D LIU

2

CHNG . TNG QUAN V C S D LIU
1.1. Cc khi nim
1) D liu (Data)
D liu l cc s kin c th ghi nhn li c v c mt ng ngha no . V d:
Tn ca mt ngi: 'Nguyn Vn Tun'
S in thoi: '.2.'
a ch: '120 Ng Gia T'
Ngy sinh: 21/12/1990
2) C s d liu (Database)
C s d liu l mt tp hp cc d liu c lin quan vi nhau, c lu tr trn cc
thit b tr tin, tha mn yu cu s dng cho nhiu ngi dng khc nhau v cho nhng
mc ch khc nhau.
V d: Thng tin ca sinh vin Trng i hc Nha Trang nh h tn, a ch, qu
qun, gii tnh, ngy sinh c lu tr trong s sch (trc y) hoc trong h thng my
tnh (hin nay). Cc thng tin ny hnh thnh nn mt c s d liu v sinh vin v c
cc phng ban ca trng s dng nhm phc v cho cc nhu cu qun l khc nhau.
Cc tnh cht ca c s d liu:
Mt c s d liu i din cho mt vn no trong th gii thc. Chng hn
nh c s d liu v sinh vin ca mt trng i hc, c s d liu v hng ha
v khch hng ca mt cng ty Nhng thay i trong th gii thc s c
phn nh li trong c s d liu.
Cc d liu trong c s d liu phi lin quan vi nhau theo mt ngha logic no
. Tp hp cc d liu ngu nhin khng th c xem l mt c s d liu
C s d liu p ng c cc yu cu khc nhau ca nhiu ngi s dng.
3) H qun tr c s d liu (Database Management System - DBMS)
C s d liu c th c to ra v qun l th cng trn s sch hoc trn my tnh.
y ch quan tm n c s d liu trn my tnh.
Mt h qun tr c s d liu l mt h thng cc phn mm my tnh cho php
ngi s dng c th to v qun l mt c s d liu. H qun tr CSDL c cc chc nng
chnh sau:
nh ngha d liu: to cu trc lu tr d liu ty theo mc ch ca c s d
liu.
Thao tc d liu: cho php ngi dng c th truy vn cc d liu trong c s d
liu, hay cp nht cc thay i trong th gii thc vo c s d liu.
Chia s: cho php nhiu ngi dng c th khai thc d liu mt cch ng thi.

Bo v h thng: nhm bo m cho c s d liu lun an ton trong trng hp
xy ra hng hc phn cng cng nh phn mm my tnh. Bo v khi cc hnh
vi ph hoi t bn ngoi.

Hnh I-. M t n gin mt h thng c s d liu
Mt s h qun tr c s d liu ph bin hin nay:
Microsoft Access: thch hp cho ngi dng c nhn, cc doanh nghip nh.
Oracle, DB2, SQL Server: dnh cho cc doanh nghip c cc h thng thng tin ln.
1.2. V d
Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d v c s d liu BanHang nhm qun l cc thng
tin v khch hng, cc mt hng, cc ln bn hng cng vi s lng hng bn ca mt
cng ty. Hnh 1-2 bn di th hin cu trc v mt vi d liu v d cho c s d liu
trn. C s d liu c t chc thnh ba h s. Mi h s lu tr d liu v cc i tng
c kiu ging nhau. H s KhachHang lu tr thng tin ca cc khch hng ca cng ty.
H s MatHang lu tr thng tin v cc mt hng m cng ty c bn. H s BanHang ghi
nhn cc ln bn hng.
Qu trnh thit lp c s d liu trn gm hai bc. u tin l nh ngha cu trc
cho cc h s. H s KhachHang c nh ngha gm c hai thng tin l tn khch hng
(HoTen) v a ch (DiaChi). H s MatHang c cc thng tin l m hng, tn hng, n v
tnh v n gi. Tng t nh vy cho h s BanHang. Ch rng cc h s c th lin
quan vi nhau, chng hn nh trong h s BanHang c thng tin v HoTenKH, cho bit
ha n bn cho khch hng no, hoc c thng tin v MaMH, cho bit mt hng no
c bn vi s lng bao nhiu.
H Qun tr
C s d liu
Ngi dng
Chng trnh ng dng
Phn mm qun l lu tr d
liu
Phn mm x l thao tc trn
d liu
Cu trc
c s d
C s
d liu

Hnh I-. C s d liu BanHang
Bc th hai l thao tc trn c s d liu, lin quan n cp nht v truy vn. Cp
nht l phn nh s thay i trong th gii thc vo c s d liu chng hn nh: ghi nhn
thm mt mt hng mi l S c la sa vi n gi . mt ti. Hoc: bn 50 hp
Bnh Choco-Pie cho khch hng L Cng vo ngy 20/03/2011. Mt v d lin quan
n truy vn l: tnh doanh thu ngy 2/22.
1.3. M hnh d liu
m bo tnh ng n, vic nh ngha cu trc ca mt c s d liu phi tun theo
mt m hnh d liu no . Bn di l mt s m hnh c s dng t trc n nay:
M hnh d liu mng (Network Data Model)
M hnh d liu phn cp (Hierachical Data Model)
M hnh d liu quan h (Relational Data Model)
M hnh d liu hng i tng (Object-Oriented Model)
Vic cp chi tit n cc m hnh trn nm ngoi phm vi ca ti liu ny. y
ch nhn mnh rng M hnh d liu quan h l mt m hnh n gin, c nn tng ton
hc cht ch. Do m hnh ny c s dng ph bin rng ri trn khp th gii trong
cc h qun tr c s d liu thng mi ngy nay nh Access, Oracle, DB2, SQL
Server cng l m hnh c trnh by trong cc chng tip theo.
1.4. Bi tp
1) Mt trung tm Anh ng cn t chc mt c s d liu nhm qun l hot ng ging
dy ca trung tm. Cc thng tin cn qun l nh sau:
Danh sch cc hc vin ng k hc.
Danh sch cc lp hc c th, mn hc ca lp (TOEIC, IELTS, Headway)
ngy khai ging lp.
Hc vin no ng k lp no, cui kha thi t im bao nhiu.
Yu cu: Hy nh ngha cu trc cho c s d liu ni trn v cung cp mt s d
liu mu nh trong v d Hnh I-.
KhachHang HoTenKH DiaChi
Nguyn Trang 12 Hng Bng
L Cng 60 Trn Ph
Mai Ha 22 Bch ng

MatHang MaMH TenMH DonViTinh DonGia
S03 Sa chua Vinamilk Lc 4.000
B02 Bnh Choco-Pie Hp 15.000
K01 Kem Mote-Rosa K 20.000

BanHang STT NgayBan HoTenKH MaMH SoLuong
1 12/2/2010 Nguyn Trang S03 20
2 12/2/2010 L Cng B02 30
3 17/2/2010 Mai Nguyn K01 100
4 25/3/2010 Nguyn Trang K01 10

2) Mt cng ty sn xut bnh ko cn t chc mt c s d liu nhm qun l nhn s
ca cng ty. Cc thng tin cn qun l nh sau:
Danh sch cc phng ban v cc nhn vin theo tng phng ban. D liu v
nhn vin bao gm h tn, a ch, nm sinh, h s lng ca nhn vin .
Bng lng chi tr hng thng cho tng nhn vin, bit rng lng c tnh
theo ngy cng lm vic ca nhn vin trong thng:
Lng = . x S ngy cng x H s lng.
Yu cu: Hy nh ngha cu trc cho c s d liu ni trn v cung cp mt s d
liu mu nh trong v d Hnh I-.

CHNG . M HNH D LIU QUAN H

Trong m hnh d liu quan h, mt c s d liu l mt tp hp cc quan h. Mi
quan h c th c xem l mt bng cc gi tr.
KhachHang MaKH HoTen DiaChi
A001 Nguyn Trang 12 Hng Bng
B002 L Cng 60 Trn Ph
C003 Mai Nguyn 22 Bch ng
Mi dng trong bng th hin mt i tng hay mt s kin trong th gii thc.
Mi dng gm nhiu gi tr c lin quan vi nhau. Tn ct gip th hin ngha ca cc
gi tr trong mt dng. V d bng trn c gi l bng KhachHang v mi dng cho bit
thng tin v mt i tng khch hng c th. Cc tn ct MaKH, HoTen, DiaChi cho bit
ngha ca tng gi tr trong dng .
Theo thut ng ca m hnh quan h, mi dng c gi l mt b, tiu ca cc
ct c gi l thuc tnh, mt bng c gi l mt quan h. Phn tip theo s nh ngha
cc khi nim b, thuc tnh, quan h mt cch chnh xc hn.
2.1. Thuc tnh, b, lc quan h v quan h
1) Thuc tnh v kiu d liu:
Thuc tnh th hin tnh cht, c im ca mt i tng no trong thc t. V
d i tng sinh vin c th c cc thuc tnh nh h tn, gii tnh, ngy sinh, a ch,
qu qun. i tng hng ha c th c cc thuc tnh tn hng ha, n v tnh, n
gi
Mi thuc tnh thuc mt kiu d liu. Chng hn tn v a ch ca mt ngi gm
cc k t nn c gi l kiu chui (text). Ngy sinh thuc khi nim ngy thng nn
c gi l kiu ngy gi (datetime). n gi mt mt hng c th dng tnh ton nn
thuc kiu s (number). Mt kiu d liu khc cng c s dng ph bin l kiu logic
(yes/no xem chng ).
Thuc tnh Kiu d liu V d
HoTen Text Nguyn Th Trang
DiaChi Text 120 Ng Gia T
NgaySinh datetime 12/10/10
DonGia number 300.000
2) Lc quan h:
Mt lc quan h R, biu th bi R(A
, A
, , A
n
), gm c tn quan h R v danh
sch n thuc tnh A
, A
, , A
n
.
Lc quan h c dng m t mt quan h. V d mt lc c nm thuc
tnh dng m t i tng sinh vin ca trng i hc c th hin nh sau:
SinhVien(MaSV, HoTen, SoCMND, NgaySinh, DiemTOEIC)

Trong SinhVien l tn quan h. MaSV, HoTen, SoCMND, NgaySinh,
DiemTOEIC l cc thuc tnh. Nu trnh by y kiu d liu ca cc thuc tnh th c
th vit nh sau:
SinhVien(MaSV: text, HoTen: text, SoCMND: text, NgaySinh: datetime,
DiemTOEIC: number)
SinhVien
MaSV HoTen SoCMND NgaySinh DiemTOEIC

3) Quan h
Mt quan h r pht sinh t lc quan h R(A
, A
, , A
n
) l mt tp hp m b r
= {t
, t
, , t
m
}, trong mi b l mt danh sch n gi tr t = {v
,v
,, v
n
}, mi gi tr v
i

l tng ng vi thuc tnh A
i

V d: xt quan h sv pht sinh t lc quan h SinhVien(MaSV, Ho, Ten,
SoCMND, NgaySinh, TOEIC) trn. Quan h ny c 4 b:
t
= { 5202 , Cng , 333 , 2/5/99 , 500 }

t
2
= { 5207 , Sn , 456 , 7/7/990 , 400 }
t
3
= { 5306 , Nga , 777 , 22/3/992 , 200 }
t
4
= { 5308 , Trang , 23 , 2/7/990 , 700 }
Trong quan h trn, mi b t
, t
, t
, t
i din cho mt i tng sinh vin c th.

Trong b t
gi tr v
= Cng tng ng vi thuc tnh A
l HoTen cho bit HoTen ca

sinh vin ny l Cng. n gin v r rng, quan h sv trn c trnh by li theo
dng bng nh hnh bn di :

Hnh I-. Quan h th hin di dng bng
T lc quan h SinhVien, cng c th xy dng mt quan h sv2 khc gm 5 b
ng vi 5 sinh vin, hoc mt quan h sv3 cng c b nhng c thng tin MaSV, HoTen
khc.
nh ngha trn cho thy ng vi mt lt quan h, th c th c nhiu quan h
khc nhau. Xt ti mt thi im no th ch c mt quan h phn nh ng thc t
trong th gii thc. Quan h c gi quan h hin hnh. Khi th gii thc thay i,
quan h hin hnh cng thay i theo bng cc thao tc thm, xa, sa. Chng hn nh tip
nhn thm mt sinh vin mi vo hc (thm), thay i DiemTOEIC ca mt sinh vin
sv MaSV HoTen SoCMND NgaySinh DiemTOEIC
5202 Cng 333 21/5/11 500
5207 Sn 456 17/7/10 400
5306 Nga 777 22/3/12 200
5308 Trang 123 12/7/10 700

thuc tnh tn quan h
b

(sa). Do khi ni n tn ca mt lc quan h, v d R hay SinhVien, chng ta
ngm hiu rng cng l tn ca quan h hin hnh ca lc . Cn tn i km vi
danh sch thuc tnh, R(A
, A
, , A
n
) hay SinhVien(MaSV, HoTen,), th ch c mt
ngha duy nht l lc quan h.
Tnh th t ca cc b trong quan h: Th t ca cc b trong mt quan h l khng
quan trng: theo nh ngha quan h l mt tp hp ca cc b, nn th t cc b l khng
c ngha. Theo l thuyt tp hp th {A, B, C} = {C, B, A}
Gi tr NULL:
Trong mt s trng hp, trong mt b gi tr ca mt thuc tnh l khng c hoc
c nhng khng c bit. Gi tr NULL c s dng trong cc trng hp ny. Xt b
sau trong quan h SinhVien
t = { 5306 , Nga , 777 , NULL , NULL }
B trn c gi tr NULL ti thuc tnh ngy sinh v thuc tnh im TOEIC. i vi
thuc tnh im TOEIC do sinh vin cha thi nn cha c im (khng c). i vi thuc
tnh ngy sinh, do giy t b tht lc v cha m khng nh, nn cha xc nh c ngy
sinh chnh xc cho sinh vin ny (ngy sinh c nhng khng bit, c th c b sung
sau). C hai trng hp u dng gi tr NULL.
2.2. Lc c s d liu v c s d liu
Mt lc c s d liu S l tp hp cc lc quan h S = { R
, R
, , R
p
}
trong R
i
l cc lc quan h c lin quan vi nhau.
Mt c s d liu DB pht sinh t lc c s d liu S l tp cc quan h DB = {
r
, r
, , r
} trong r
i
l quan h pht sinh t lc R
i
.
V d: vi mc ch qun l sinh vin trong trng i hc, Hnh I- th hin mt
lc c s d liu c gi l DaiHoc gm c nm quan h: DaiHoc = { Khoa,
SinhVien, MonHoc, LopHoc, KetQua }
Hnh I-5 th hin mt c s d liu tng ng vi lc DaiHoc. Chng ta s s
dng c s d liu ny minh ha cho cc vn khc v sau.

Khoa
MaKhoa TenKhoa

SinhVien
MaSV HoSV TenSV NgaySinh GioiTinh HocBong MaKH

MonHoc
MaMH TenMH SoTinChi

LopHoc
MaLop MaMH HocKy NamHoc GiaoVien

KetQua
MaSV MaLop Diem

Hnh I-. Lc c s d liu quan h DaiHoc
Hnh I-5. Mt c s d liu pht sinh t lc c s d liu DaiHoc
Nh vy, khi ni n mt c s d liu, chng ta ngm hiu l ni n c lc
ca c s d liu cng vi trng thi hin hnh phn nh thc t trong th gii thc
tng ng.
2.3. Rng buc ton vn
D liu trong cc quan h ca mt c s d liu c c l thng qua qu trnh tin
hnh cc thao tc thm, xa, sa. Tuy nhin vic xy ra cc sai st trong qu trnh cp nht
d liu c th dn n nhng tnh trng d liu khng mong mun. V d xt quan h
KetQua sau trong c s d liu DaiHoc:
KetQua MaSV MaLop Diem
5308 01 8
5308 02 -1
5202 01 6
5202 03 11
Khoa MaKhoa TenKhoa
CN Cng ngh Thng tin
KT Kinh t

SinhVien MaSV HoSV TenSV NgaySinh GioiTinh HocBong MaKH
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

MonHoc MaMH TenMH SoTinChi
102 Qun tr hc 2
207 Cu trc d liu 3
306 Tin hc c s 2
403 K ton ti chnh 3

LopHoc MaLop MaMH HocKy NamHoc GiaoVien
01 306 1 2010 Tun
02 403 1 2010 Nga
03 306 2 2011 Sn
04 207 1 2010 Nam

KetQua MaSV MaLop Diem
5202 01 4
5202 02 7
5202 03 8
5202 04
5308 01 3
5308 02
5308 03

Trong th gii thc, thuc tnh Diem ch c gi tr t n . Do cc gi tr -1
hay 11 l nhng tnh trng d liu khng mong mun. C th khc phc tnh trng ny
bng cch a ra quy nh rng Diem ch c php nhn cc gi tr t n . y l
mt v d v rng buc ton vn.
Rng buc ton vn l cc quy tc cho mt c s d liu nhm m bo n phn nh
ng ng ngha ca th gii thc. Sau y l mt s loi rng buc ton vn ph bin.
2.3.1. Rng buc Kha ca lc quan h
Theo nh ngha, mt quan h l mt tp hp ca cc b r = {t
, t
, , t
m
}, do hai
b bt k trong mt quan h phi khc nhau. Kha (key) l mt cng c gip phn bit cc
b trong quan h.
nh ngha:
Kha ca mt lc quan h R(A
, A
, , A
n
) l mt tp thuc tnh nh nht
K _ { A
, A
, , A
n
} sao cho:
r pht sinh t R, t
, t
2
e r th t
[K] t
2
[K] (*)
V d: xt lc quan h SinhVien, mi sinh vin u c MaSV khc nhau, do
MaSV l mt kha ca lc quan h ny. Vic chn MaSV lm kha gip m bo
rng buc ton vn rng trong qu trnh cp nht d liu, khng c hai b bt k no c
MaSV ging nhau. Vic thm, xa, sa s b t chi nu lm cho quan h c hai b ging
nhau MaSV.
Lu : K phi c tnh nh nht, ngha l K c K, th K khng c tnh cht (*)
V d: cng c th chn hai thuc tnh {MaSV, HoTen} phn bit hai b bt k
trong lc quan h SinhVien. Tuy nhin ch cn MaSV l . Do {MaSV, HoTen}
khng c gi l kha (c gi l siu kha).
Lu : Mt lc c th c nhiu kha. V d SoCMND cng l kha v khng
c hai sinh vin no ging nhau v SoCMND. Thuc tnh ny cng c th dng phn
bit hai sinh vin vi nhau. Tuy nhin i vi mt lc , ch chn mt kha lm i din
v c gi l kha chnh (primary key). Trong ng ngha ca c s d liu DaiHoc,
thuc tnh MaSV c ngha hn l SoCMND. Do MaSV c chn lm kha chnh
cho lc quan h SinhVien.
Nh vy, kha chnh cho cc lc quan h trong lc c s d liu DaiHoc l
nh sau:
2

MaKhoa : dng phn bit cc b trong quan h Khoa
MaSV : dng phn bit cc b trong quan h SinhVien
MaMH : dng phn bit cc b trong quan h MonHoc
MaLop : dng phn bit cc b trong quan h LopHoc
{MaSV, MaLop}: trong lc KetQua, kha c hai thuc tnh l MaSV v
MaLop. Nu ch chn MaSV lm kha th khng v mt sinh vin c th
theo hc nhiu lp, do c nhiu b c cng MaSV. Tng t, nu ch chn
MaLop lm kha cng khng v mt lp c nhiu sinh vin theo hc, nn c
nhiu b c cng MaLop. Vic chn {MaSV, MaLop} lm kha l ph hp v
theo ng ngha thc t mt sinh vin ch theo hc mt lp mt ln v ch c mt
im s.
2.3.2. Mi lin h gia cc quan h. Rng buc Kha ngoi
Xt hai quan h SinhVien v Khoa trong c s d liu DaiHoc

Trong thc t, gia hai i tng Khoa v SinhVien c mi lin h l mt Khoa th
c nhiu sinh vin v mt sinh vin th trc thuc mt Khoa no . Ta gi y l mi lin
h mt nhiu (Khoa -1, SinhVien - ) Hay ni cch khc Khoa l quan h cha, SinhVien
Khoa
MaKhoa TenKhoa

SinhVien

MonHoc
MaMH TenMH SoTinChi

LopHoc

KetQua
MaSV MaLop Diem

Khoa MaKhoa TenKhoa
CN Cng ngh Thng tin
KT Kinh t

5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

l quan h con. V vy trong lc quan h SinhVien c thuc tnh MaKH biu din
mi lin h ny.

Lc ny thuc tnh MaKH c gi l kha ngoi ca quan h SinhVien (quan h
con) v n tham chiu n kha chnh MaKhoa ca quan h Khoa (quan h cha)
Rng buc ton vn v kha ngoi pht biu rng: vi mt gi tr ti thuc tnh kha
ngoi trong quan h con, th gi tr phi tn ti trc trong quan h cha.
Xt v d :

y l mt trng thi khng hp l v ti b th ca quan h SinhVien, MaKH
NN cha tn ti ti thuc tnh MaKhoa bt c b no trong quan h Khoa. Trng thi
sau y mi c gi l hp l.

Nh vy, c th thit lp cc mi quan h v rng buc ton vn v kha ngoi cho
lt c s d liu DaiHoc nh sau:
Khoa
MaKhoa TenKhoa

SinhVien
MaSV Ho Ten NgaySinh GioiTinh HocBong MaKH

Khoa MaKhoa TenKhoa
CN Cng ngh Thng tin
KT Kinh t

5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 NN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 NN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

Khoa MaKhoa TenKhoa
CN Cng ngh Thng tin
KT Kinh t
NN Ngoi ng

5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 NN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 NN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 Nam 800 CN

Hnh I-. Mi lin h v rng buc kha ngoi gia cc lt quan h trong
CSDL DaiHoc
2.3.3. Cc rng buc khc
1) Rng buc v min gi tr
Quy nh Diem ch nhn cc gi tr t n 10 l mt rng buc min gi tr.
2) Rng buc gi tr NULL
Rng buc ny cho php mt thuc tnh c c nhn gi tr NULL hay khng
(NULL hay NOT NULL). V d thuc tnh SoTinChi ca lc quan h MonHoc phi l
NOT NULL v mi mn hc phi c s tn ch c th.
3) Rng buc lin thuc tnh:
Rng buc ny nh hng n nhiu thuc tnh trong mt quan h. Xt quan h t
phng khch sn sau y :
DatPhong(TenKhachHang, TenPhong, TuNgay, DenNgay, DonGia)
Th c rng buc lin thuc tnh: TuNgay <= DenNgay
2.4. Cp nht d liu v vi phm rng buc ton vn
C ba thao tc lin quan n cp nht c s d liu: thm, xa, sa. Thm ngha l
b sung thm mt b (hay nhiu b) vo mt quan h. Xa c dng loi b mt b
(hay nhiu b) ra khi quan h. Sa l thay i gi tr mt s thuc tnh ca mt s b
tn ti. Mt thao tc cp nht phi khng c vi phm cc rng buc ton vn, nu khng
thao tc s b t chi. Trong phn ny s trnh by mt s v d v thm, xa, sa, s
dng c s d liu DaiHoc trong Hnh I- v da trn cc rng buc ton vn ch nh
trong Hnh I-.
Khoa
MaKhoa TenKhoa

SinhVien

MonHoc
MaMH TenMH SoTinChi

LopHoc

KetQua
MaSV MaLop Diem

2.4.1. Thm (I nsert, Append)
1. Thm b { NULL, Mai, Anh, 23//989, N, 300, CB } vo quan h SinhVien.
- Thao tc thm ny vi phm rng buc ton vn kha chnh phi khc
NULL. V vy thm khng thnh cng.
2. Thm b { 5202, Mai, Anh, 23//989, N, 300, CB } vo quan h SinhVien.
- Thao tc thm ny vi phm rng buc ton vn kha chnh v gi tr kha
22 tn ti. Thm khng thnh cng.
3. Thm b { 5205, Mai, Anh, 23//989, N, 300, CB } vo quan h SinhVien.
- Thao tc thm ny vi phm rng buc ton vn kha ngoi MaKH v trong
quan h Khoa khng c b no c MaKhoa l CB. Thm khng thnh
cng.
4. Thm b { 5205, Mai, Anh, 23//989, N, 300, KT } vo quan h SinhVien.
- Thao tc ny tha mn cc rng buc. Thm thnh cng.
2.4.2. Xa (Delete)
1. Xa mn hc c TenMH l Qun tr hc
- Xa thnh cng.
2. Xa mn hc c TenMH l Tin hc c s
- Thao tc ny khng thnh cng v trong quan h LopHoc (bng con) c lp
v lp tham chiu n mn hc ny. Nu xa b ny trong bng
MonHoc (bng cha) th vi phm rng buc ton vn.
trnh vi phm rng buc ton vn kha ngoi khi xa mt b trong bng cha, mt
phng n x l khc l xa lun cc b c lin quan trong bng con (CASCADE
DELETE).

2.4.3. Sa (Update)
1. Trong quan h SinhVien sa HocBong ca b c MaSV = thnh .
- Thao tc sa ny thnh cng.
2. Sa MaKH ca sinh vin Trang thnh CK
- Vi phm rng buc ton vn kha ngoi v trong quan h Khoa khng c b
no c MaKhoa l CK.
MonHoc MaMH TenMH SoTinChi
102 Qun tr hc 2
207 Cu trc d liu 3
306 Tin hc c s 2
403 K ton ti chnh 3

LopHoc MaLop MaMH HocKy NamHoc GiaoVien
01 306 1 2010 Tun
02 403 1 2010 Nga
03 306 2 2011 Sn
04 207 1 2010 Nam

cascade
delete

3. Sa MaKhoa ca khoa Cng ngh Thng tin thnh IT
- Thao tc sa ny vi phm rng buc ton vn kha ngoi v trong quan h
SinhVien c 3 c sinh vin c MaKH l CN. Thao tc ny b t chi. Mt
phng n x l khc trnh vi phm rng buc ton vn l sa lun
MaKH ca cc sinh vin ny thnh IT (CASCADE UPDATE)

2.5. Bi tp
1) Mt cng ty du lch cn t chc mt c s d liu nhm qun l hot ng kinh
doanh du lch ca cng ty. Cc thng tin cn qun l nh sau:
Danh sch cc khch hng ca cng ty
Danh sch cc im du lch cng ty c m tour, s ngy n im du lch ,
v n gi cho mt ngi.
Danh sch cc tour du lch c th, mi tour c mt im n v xut pht vo
mt ngy no .
Khch hng no ng k tour du lch no, vi s lng bao nhiu.
Yu cu:
a) Hy nh ngha lc c s d liu quan h cho m hnh trn v thit lp cc
rng buc ton vn v kha chnh v kha ngoi tng t nh trong Hnh I-.
b) To mt s d liu mu cho c s d liu trn nh trong Hnh I-5

Khoa MaKhoa TenKhoa
IT Cng ngh Thng tin
KT Kinh t

5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 IT
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 IT
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 IT

cascade
update

2) Xt c s d liu BanHang nh sau:

a) Hy thit lp cc rng buc ton vn v kha chnh v kha ngoi.
b) Cho bit cc thao tc sau c vi phm rng buc ton vn hay khng, nu l do:
- Thm b { A00, Sn H, 33 Hng Lnh } vo quan h KhachHang.
- Thm b { S02, Sa chua Yomost, Lc, 4500 } vo quan h
MatHang.
- Thm b { 005, 2/2/200, A004 } vo quan h HoaDon
- Xa khch hng c tn L Cng trong quan h KhachHang
- Xa mt hng c tn Kem Monte-Rosa trong quan h MatHang
- Xa ha n trong quan h HoaDon (c CASCADE DELETE)
- Xa mt hng bn S ca ha n 2 trong quan h MatHangBan.
- Trong quan h KhachHang, sa MaKH A thnh A2
- Trong quan h KhachHang, sa MaKH B2 thnh B (c
CASCADE UPDATE)
- Trong quan h MatHang sa n gi ca mt hng S thnh .
- Trong quan h HoaDon, sa MaKH ca ha n thnh D

K01 Kem Monte-Rosa K 20.000

HoaDon MaHD NgayHD MaKH
001 12/2/2010 A001
002 12/2/2010 B002
003 20/4/2011 B002
004 25/7/2011 A001

MatHangBan MaHD MaMH SoLuong
001 S03 2
001 B02 5
002 K01 6
002 S03 8
003 S03 10
004 B02 7

CHNG . I S QUAN H
Cc thao tc trn c s d liu c th c chia thnh hai loi. Loi th nht l cp
nht d liu vo cc quan h, l cc thao tc thm, xa, sa c trnh by trong
chng 2. Loi th hai l truy xut d liu t cc quan h, hay cn gi l truy vn (query).
Sau y l mt v d v truy vn trong c s d liu DaiHoc:
Hy cho bit bng im (gm tn cc mn hc v im s tng ng) ca sinh vin
c m s . Kt qu ca truy vn ny cng c dng quan h nh sau:
MaSV HoTen MaMH TenMH SoTinChi Diem
5308 Phm Trang 306 Tin hc c s 2
5308 Phm Trang 403 K ton ti chnh 3
M hnh d liu quan h nh ngha cc php ton dng truy vn. Tp hp cc
php ton ny c gi l i s quan h. Mt dy cc php ton to thnh mt biu thc
i s quan h. Trc khi i vo cc php ton i s quan h, phn 3.1 trnh by li mt
s khi nim v cc biu thc c bn.
3.1. Biu thc c bn
C 4 loi biu thc c bn
1) Biu thc s hc:
Tng t nh biu thc s hc thng thng, cc ton hng ca biu thc c kiu s.
V d :
Biu thc Kt qu
HocBong 100 600 (nu HocBong 500
Sqrt(x) 5 (nu x=25)
SoLuong*DonGia 100000 (nu SoLuong = 5, DonGia=20000)
2) Biu thc chui:
L biu thc m cc ton hng thuc kiu chui. V d :
Biu thc Kt qu
'Nguyen' + 'Son' 'NguyenSon'
Ho + Ten 'LeMai' (nu Ho='Le' v Ten='Mai')
Ho + ' ' + Ten 'Le Mai'
Len(Ten) 3 (nu Ten = 'Mai')
5 (nu Ten = 'Nguyen')
Left(Ten, 2) 'Ma'
3) Biu thc ngy thng:
Biu thc ngy thng thng lin quan n kiu d liu ngy thng v kiu s. V d:

Biu thc Kt qu
Month(#8/12/2011#) 8
Day(#5/2/2011#) 2
Year(Now()) 2011
Year(Now()) Year(NgaySinh) Tnh s tui ca sinh vin
2

4) Biu thc logic:
Biu thc logic l mt biu thc m kt qu ch c hai gi tr l ng (true) hoc sai
(false). V d:
Biu thc Kt qu
85 ng
124 15 Sai
'Nam' < 'Nga' ng
HocBong >= 200 ng nu HocBong = 300, 500
Sai (nu HocBong = 100)
Ten like 'N*' ng nu TenSV bt u bng ch N nh: Nam, Nga,
Nhn
NgaySinh < 1/2/11 ng, nu sinh vin sinh trc ngy 2/1/1991
Ngoi cc php so snh, chng ta cn c cc php AND, OR, XOR. Mc ch l
kt hp hai biu thc logic thnh mt biu thc logic khc theo bng bn di :
a b a AND b a OR b NOT a
ng ng ng ng sai
ng sai Sai ng sai
sai ng sai ng ng
sai sai sai sai ng
V d :
Biu thc Kt qu
Year(NgaySinh)= 1992 AND HocBong> 0 Sinh vin sinh nm 12 v hc bng trn 500
(HocBong>=200) AND (HocBong<=500) C hc bng t 200 n 500
(Ten= 'Trang') OR (Ten= 'Lan') Sinh vin tn Trang hoc tn Lan
3.2. Php chn (SELECT)
Php chn dng ly ra mt s b t mt quan h m cc b ny tha mn mt
iu kin chn no .
C php: o
(iu-kin-chn)
(TenQuanHe)
iu-kin-chn l mt biu thc logic. iu kin chn phi c gi tr l true i vi
cc b c chn ra t quan h.
V d 1: Cho bit cc mn hc c s tn ch t 3 tr ln.

MaMH TenMH SoTinChi
102 Qun tr hc 2
207 Cu trc d liu 3
306 Tin hc c s 2
403 K ton ti chnh 3

MaMH TenMH SoTinChi
207 Cu trc d liu 3
403 K ton ti chnh 3

o
(SoTinChi >=3)
(MonHoc)
2

V d 2: Lit k cc sinh vin sinh nm v c hc bng trn
o
(Year(NgaySinh) = 1990 AND DiemTOEIC > 300)
(SinhVien)
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN
3.3. Php chiu (PROJECT)
Php chiu dng ly ra mt s thuc tnh ca cc b trong mt quan h. Nu quan
nim mt quan h l mt bng gm nhiu ct, php chn dng chn ra mt s dng th
php chiu chn ra mt s ct.
C php: t
(danh-sch-thuc-tnh)
(TenQuanHe)
V d : Lit k cc sinh vin vi MaSV, HoSV, TenSV

Php chiu cng c th to ra mt thuc tnh mi cho quan h kt qu:
V d 4: t
MaSV, HoTen: HoSV+ ' ' + TenSV
(SinhVien)
MaSV HoTen
5202 L Cng
5207 Nguyn Sn
520 Ng Ha
5306 Hunh Nga
5308 Phm Trang
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

MaSV HoSV TenSV
5202 L Cng
5207 Nguyn Sn
520 Ng Ha
5306 Hunh Nga
5308 Phm Trang

t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV
(SinhVien)
22

Sau y l mt v d minh ha php chiu kt hp vi php chn:
V d : Lit k cc sinh vin sinh nm v c im HocBong trn , ch lit
k cc ct MaSV, Ho, Ten, NgaySinh
t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, NgaySinh
[o
Year(NgaySinh)=1990 AND HocBong > 300
(SinhVien)]
MaSV HoSV TenSV NgaySinh
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10
Tuy nhin nu thc hin php chiu trc s gy ra li v sau khi thc hin php
chiu th khng cn thuc tnh HocBong thc hin php chn. Biu thc sau y l biu
thc sai:
o
Year(NgaySinh) = 1990 AND HocBong > 300
[t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, NgaySinh
(SinhVien)]
3.4. Php tch Descartes (CARTESIAN PRODUCT)
Trong l thuyt tp hp, php tch Descartes dng nhn hai tp hp vi nhau. V
d: cho tp A = { a
, a
}, tp B = { b
, b
, b
} th tch Descartes ca A v B l:
A B = { a
, a
, a
, a
, a
, a
}
Tp kt qu c 6 phn t, bng s lng ca tp A nhn s lng tp B.
T php tch Descartes cho hai quan h c nh ngha nh sau:
Cho hai quan h r v s pht sinh t hai lt R(A
, A
,, A
n
) v S(B
, B
, , B
m
)
trong r c n
R
b v s c n
S
b. Tch Descartes ca r v s l mt quan h c lt
Q(A
, A
,, A
n
, B
, B
, , B
m
). Quan h ny c n
R
* n
S
b. Nhng b ny hnh thnh bng
cch kt hp mt b trong r v mt b trong s.
2

V d: SinhVien Khoa

Hnh I-. Php tch Descartes
Bn thn php tch Descartes t c ngha thc t. Tuy nhin php tch Descartes l
c s cho php kt ni c trnh by trong phn tip theo.
3.5. Php kt ni bng (EQUI JOIN)
V d Xt truy vn sau y: hy cho bit tn khoa ng vi tng sinh vin.
Truy vn trn c th thc hin c dng php tch Descartes, sau p dng thm
mt mt php chn da vo iu kin MaKH = MaKhoa.
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

MaKhoa TenKhoa
CN Cng ngh Thng tin
KT Kinh t

MaSV HoSV TenSV NgaySinh GioiTinh HocBong MaKH MaKhoa TenKhoa
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT CN Cng ngh Thng tin
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT KT Kinh t
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT CN Cng ngh Thng tin
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT KT Kinh t
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN CN Cng ngh Thng tin
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN KT Kinh t
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN CN Cng ngh Thng tin
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN KT Kinh t
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN CN Cng ngh Thng tin
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN KT Kinh t

2

Cch thc hin mt tch Descartes v sau l mt php chn c iu kin bng nh
vy c gi l php kt ni bng.
C php:
QuanHe1
iu-kin-bng
QuanHe2
V d trn c vit li l:
SinhVien
MaKH = MaKhoa
Khoa
Trong trng hp cc thuc tnh kt ni bng c hai quan h ging tn nhau th
php kt ni bng c gi l php kt ni t nhin. Lc ny ch cn vit php ton kt ni
m khng cn vit danh sch iu-kin-bng i km.
V d Hy cho bit tn mn hc ng vi cc lp hc
LopHoc MonHoc
(ngm hiu iu kin bng l thuc tnh MaMH c hai quan h)
Kt qu:

Trong quan h kt qu, do c 2 thuc tnh MaMH nn c hai cch x l:
- Ch gi li mt thuc tnh MaMH
- Dng tn quan h phn bit: LopHoc.MaMH v MonHoc.MaMH
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT CN Cng ngh Thng tin
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT CN Cng ngh Thng tin
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN KT Kinh t
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN KT Kinh t
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN KT Kinh t


MaLop MaMH HocKy NamHoc GiaoVien MaMH TenMH SoTinChi
01 306 1 2010 Tun 306 Tin hc c s 2
02 403 1 2010 Nga 403 K ton ti chnh 3
03 306 2 2011 Sn 306 Tin hc c s 2
04 207 1 2010 Nam 207 Cu trc d liu 3

o
(MaKH=MaKhoa)
(SinhVien Khoa)
2

V d Hy cho bit MaSV, HoSV, TenSV cc sinh vin c theo hc nhng lp do
gio vin Tun ging dy:
t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV
(o
GiaoVien=Tun
[(LopHoc KetQua) SinhVien])
Hoc:
t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV
(o
GiaoVien=Tun
[LopHoc (KetQua SinhVien)])
Hoc:
t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV
([o
GiaoVien=Tun
(LopHoc)] KetQua SinhVien)
Tuy nhin, vit nh bn di l khng hp l:
t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV
(o
GiaoVien=Tun
[LopHoc SinhVien KetQua])
v gia LopHoc v SinhVien khng c thuc tnh kt ni.
V d Hy cho bit TenMH, SoTinChi, Diem ca cc mn hc m sinh vin c
MaSV = 22 hc:
t
TenMH, SoTinChi, Diem
([o
MaSV=5202
(KetQua LopHoc MonHoc))
3.6. Php nhm d liu (GROUP)
V d 10: Gi s c truy vn sau: Da vo bng SinhVien, tnh s lng sinh vin v
tng hc bng ca tng khoa. Kt qu nh bng di:

Cch thc thc hin nh trn c gi l php nhm.

5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

MaKhoa SoSV TongHB
KT 2 1.000
CN 3 1.400

Thuc tnh dng
tch nhm cc b
Count l hm m s MaSV
(s b) trong tng nhm
MaKH
G
SoSV: Count(MaSV), TongHB: Sum(HocBong)
(SinhVien)
2
3
Tch nhm
theo m khoa
m s SV
trong nhm
2

C php:
Thuc-tnh-nhm
G
Cc-hm-gp
(QuanHe)
Hm Count c c gi l hm gp (aggregate function). Danh sch cc hm gp
c lit k bn di
Tn hm Mc ch
Count m s b
Sum Tnh tng cc gi tr
Avg Tnh gi tr trung bnh
Max Tm gi tr ln nht
Min Tm gi tr nh nht
V d 11: Tnh hc bng cao nht, thp nht, v trung bnh ca cc sinh vin theo
tng khoa
MaKH
G
Max(HocBong), Min(HocBong), Avg(HocBong)
(SinhVien)
MaKhoa Max Min Avg
KT 800 200 500
CNTT 800 200 466

V d 12: m rng v d , tnh s sinh vin ca tng Khoa, lit k cc thuc tnh:
MaKhoa, TenKhoa, SoSV.
c thm ct TenKhoa, cn thc hin php kt gia bng SinhVien v bng Khoa,
sau thc hin php nhm nh bnh thng, tuy nhin ct TenKhoa phi c a vo
lm thuc tnh nhm chung vi MaKhoa
MaKhoa, TenKhoa
G
SoSV: Count(MaSV)
(SinhVien
MaKH = MaKhoa
Khoa)


MaKhoa TenKhoa SoSV
KT Kinh t 2
CN Cng ngh Thng tin 3

Thuc tnh nhm gm
MaKhoa v TenKhoa
2

V d 1: Cho bit s s ca tng lp hc. Lit k: MaLop, TenMH, SiSo
MaLop, TenMH
G
SiSo: Count(MaSV)
(LopHoc MonHoc KetQua)
MaLop TenMH SiSo
01 Tin hc c s 2
02 K ton ti chnh 2
03 Tin hc c s 1
04 Cu trc d liu 1

V d 14: Da vo bng KetQua v bng MonHoc, tnh im trung bnh hc k 1
nm 2 ca cc sinh vin theo quy tc.

tam o
NamHoc=2010 AND HocKy= 1
(KetQua LopHoc MonHoc)
Kt qu ca tam:
MaSV MaLop Diem MaMH HocKy NamHoc GiaoVien TenMH SoTinChi
5202 01 4 306 1 2010 Tun Tin hc c s 2
5202 02 7 403 1 2010 Nga K ton ti chnh 3
5202 04 207 1 2010 Nam Cu trc d liu 3
5308 01 3 306 1 2010 Tun Tin hc c s 2
5308 02 403 1 2010 Nga K ton ti chnh 3
MaSV
G
DiemTB: Sum(Diem*SoTinChi)/Sum(SoTinChi)
(tam)
Kt qu:
MaSV DiemTB
5302 7.0
5308 6.6
2

3.7. Bi tp
1) Cho c s d liu v BanHang nh bn di:

Hy cho bit biu thc i s quan h thc hin cc cu truy vn sau v cho bit
ni dung kt qu ca tng cu truy vn:
a) Lit k tn cc mt hng c n gi ln hn 10.000 (MaMH, TenMH, DonGia)
b) Cho bit tn khch hng ng vi tng ha n (MaHD, NgayHD, TenKH)
c) Hy cho bit tn cc khch hng mua mt hng Sa chua Vinamilk
d) Lit k tn cc mt hng bn c trong ngy 12/2/2010
e) Tnh thnh tin ca tng ha n (MaHD, NgayHD, TenKH, ThanhTien)
f) Cho bit tn cc mt hng m khch hng Nguyn Trang mua, vi tng s
lng v tr gi l bao nhiu.
g) Tnh doanh thu bn hng theo tng ngy (NgayHD, DoanhThu)
h) Tnh doanh thu bn hng theo tng ngy ca tng mt hng (NgayHD,
TenMatHang, DoanhThu)

K01 Kem Monte-Rosa K 20.000

HoaDon MaHD NgayHD MaKH
001 12/2/2010 A001
002 12/2/2010 B002
003 20/4/2011 B002
004 25/7/2011 A001

MatHangBan MaHD MaMH SoLuong
001 S03 2
001 B02 5
002 K01 6
002 S03 8
003 S03 10
004 B02 7

2

2) Cho c s d liu v qun l cc d n ca mt cng ty nh sau:

- Hy cho bit kha chnh, mi lin h v rng buc kha ngoi gia cc quan h trong
c s d liu trn.
- Thc hin cc cu truy vn sau bng biu thc i s quan h v cho bit ni dung
kt qu ca tng cu truy vn:
a) Lit k cc phng ban v tn trng phng ca tng phng ban (h tn y ).
b) Tm cc nhn vin lng t hn .. Phng Kinh doanh hoc t hn
.. Phng K ton.
c) Lit k cc nhn vin v cho bit tn trng phng ca tng nhn vin .
d) Hy cho bit cc phng ban no c thc hin d n ti Nha Trang.
e) Tnh mc lng trung bnh ca tng phng ban.
f) Trong cc d n thc hin ti Nha Trang, tnh tng s gi nhn vin ca tng d
n.
g) Vi mi gi lm vic cho d n, mt nhn vin s c thng 1% tin lng.
Tnh s tin thng ca tng nhn vin.
h) Tnh s tin thng ca tng nhn vin theo tng d n.

PhongBan MaPB TenPB TruongPhong
KD Phng Kinh doanh N01
KT Phng K ton V02

NhanVien MaNV HoNV TenNV Luong MaPB
N01 Hoi Nam 3.000.000 KD
V02 Bnh Phng 4.000.000 KT
N03 M Ha 5.000.000 KD
V04 Phng Anh 5.000.000 KT

DuAn MaDA TenDA DiaDiem NgayBD MaPB
D1 H Con Ra Si Gn 27/3/2011 KD
D2 Cha Ty Phng H Ni 10/6/2012 KD
D3 Cha Linh Sn Nha Trang 16/8/2011 KD
D4 Dinh Bo i Nha Trang 22/1/2010 KT

PhanCong MaDA MaNV SoGio
D1 N01 2
D1 N03 5
D2 N01 6
D2 V02 8
D3 V02 10
D4 V04 7

Phn II
H QUN TR C S D LIU
MICROSOFT ACCESS

2

CHNG 4. GII THIU H QUN TR C S D LIU
MICROSOFT ACCESS
4.1. Gii thiu Microsoft Access
MS Access l mt H qun tr c s d liu quan h (RDBMS - Relational Database
Management System), l mt phn mm trong b ng dng Microsoft Office chy trn
mi trng Windows ca hng phn mm Microsoft.
MS Access c giao din thn thin, d s dng, hiu nng cao, cho php x l d
liu v kt xut vo cc biu mu, bo co theo dng thc chuyn nghip rt ph hp cho
cc bi ton qun l va v nh.
Microsoft Access cn cung cp nhiu cng c pht trin y nng lc nng cao
hiu sut cng vic. Bng cch dng cc Wizard ca MS Access v cc lnh c sn
(macro) ngi s dng c th d dng t ng ha cng vic m khng cn lp trnh.
4.2. Khi ng MS Access
Start All Programs Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Access

4.3. To c s d liu mi
Mt c s d liu Access c lu trn a di dng mt tp tin. to mt CSDL
mi th chn menu File New Blank Database

hp thoi tip theo, chn ni lu tr v tn tp tin c s d liu

Sau khi chn ni lu tr v tn tp tin th nhn vo nt to c
s d liu mi.
4.4. M mt CSDL c trong my tnh
S dng mt trong cc cch sau
- Vo menu File Open
- Chn th mc v double-click vo tp tin CSDL.
4.5. Cc i tng chnh ca mt CSDL Access
Access l mt h qun tr theo m hnh c s d liu quan h, v vy v vy Access
c cc i tng th hin cc khi nim quan h, lc quan h v truy vn:
- Bng (Table) : th hin khi nim quan h trong c s d liu. Bng c hai ch
: design view - lc quan h v data view - quan h. Trong bng gm
nhiu dng - b v ct thuc tnh
- Truy vn (Query): thc hin cc truy vn v mt s thao tc thm, xa, sa
trn cc bng.
Cc thnh phn tin ch khc:
- Biu mu (Form): Giao din do ngi dng t to cho php lm vic vi d
liu, ch yu c s dng trong vic nhp v hin th d liu.
- Bo co (Report) : Kt qu ca qu trnh khai thc d liu c t chc v
nh dng to thnh bn in.
- Pages: Tng t nh Form nhng hot ng trn nn Web.
- Macro : Tp hp cc lnh nhm t ng ha cc thao tc.
- Module: Cho php lp trnh thao tc trn cc bng v truy vn.
Ni lu tp tin c s d liu
Tn tp tin c s d liu

4.6. Cc ton t s dng trong MS Access
Ton t ngha
( ) Kt nhm biu thc
Not Ph nh mnh
And
Kt hp mnh : tt c mnh thnh phn ng th cho kt qu
ng, nu c t nht 1 mnh thnh phn sai th cho kt qu sai.
Or
Kt hp mnh : tt c mnh thnh phn sai th cho kt qu sai,
nu c t nht 1 mnh thnh phn ng th cho kt qu ng.
Xor 2 mnh c gi tr tri ngc nhau th cho kt qu ng
Epv 2 mnh c gi tr tri ngc nhau th cho kt qu sai
^ Lu tha (5^3=75)
+ - * / Cng, Tr, Nhn, Chia
\ Php chia ly phn nguyn
Mod
Php chia ly phn d
<, >, =
Nh hn, Ln hn, Bng
<=, >=
Nh hn hoc bng, Ln hn hoc bng
<>
Khng bng
Is
So snh 2 i tng
In
Thuc, trong tp hp hoc min gi tr (dng trong cc cu truy vn)
Between ...
And ...
Trong khong tn
Like
Ging: * (t hp k t bt k),
? ( k t bt k),
# (Mt k s bt k)
V d: like "A*", like "Access????", like 1#00
&
Ghp chui
+
Ghp chui hoc cng s

Ton t ngha Ton t ngha
True Gi tr ng "" hoc '' Gi tr chui, v d "ACCESS"
False Gi tr sai [] Gi tr tham s, v d [tham so]
Null Gi tr rng #...#
Gi tr thi gian, v d
22
Date Ngy hin hnh
[Color]
Mu, v d
Now
Ngy gi hin
hnh
[white] : mu trng
Time Gi hin hnh [red] : mu

4.7. Mt s hm s dng trong MS Access
1) Cc hm v chui
Hm Kt qu
Ten LIKE 'N*' Tn bt u bng ch N
Ten LIKE '*a*' Tn c cha ch a
Len(Ten)
3 (nu Ten = 'Mai')
5 (nu Ten = 'Nguyen')
Left(Ten, 2) 'Ma'
Right(TenSV,2) 'ai' (nu TenSV = 'Mai')
Mid(TenSV,2,3) 'guy' (nu TenSV = 'Nguyen')

2) Cc hm v ngy thng
Hm Kt qu
Now() Ngy gi hin ti
Month(#8/12/2011#)
Day(#5/27/2011#) 2
Year(Now()) 2
Year(Now()) Year(NgaySinh) Tnh s tui ca sinh vin
Hour(#06:30#)
Minute(#13: 2
DatePart('q', Tnh qu 2
3) Hm IIF
C php: IIF(iu-kin, A, B)
(vi iu-kin l biu thc logic. A, B l cc biu thc bt k)
ngha: nu iu-kin ng th kt qu ca biu thc IIF l biu thc A,
nu iu-kin sai th kt qu ca biu thc IIF l biu thc B.
V d: IIF(Diem>=5, 't', 'Khng t')
Vy nu Diem = 6, 7, 8 th kt qu ca IIF l 't'. Nu Diem = 2, 4 th kt qu ca
IIF l 'Khng t'.
4.8. Bi tp
Hy thc hin cc thao tc sau trn my tnh:
1) Khi ng Access
2) To mt c s d liu mang tn bn v lu vo a C hoc D
3) Trong c s d liu va to, quan st cc mc Table, Query, Form, Report,
Macro v Module
4) ng c s d liu v ng Access
5) Khi ng li Access, m li c s d liu va to (lu : dng menu File ->
Open, khng c dng menu File -> New)

CHNG 5. BNG (TABLE)
5.1. Cc khi nim
5.1.1. Bng
Bng l thnh phn c bn v quan trng nht ca CSDL Access, th hin khi nim
lc quan h v quan h.
Mt bng d liu ca CSDL Access bao gm cc thnh phn: tp hp cc trng d
liu (thuc tnh trong m hnh quan h), trng kho chnh, tp hp cc thuc tnh cn
thit cho mi trng d liu, tp hp cc bn ghi (b).
V d:
- Bng d liu trong trng thi Datasheet (dng cp nhp, xem, sa d liu)

- Bng d liu trong trng thi Design view (dng thit k cu trc lc
quan h)

Bn ghi (record)
Trng d liu (field)
Tn bng
Cc thuc tnh m
t trng d liu
Trng kha chnh
(primary key)

5.1.2. Trng d liu (field)
Trng d liu, tng ng vi ct ca bng, m t tng c im ring ca i
tng. Mi trng d liu s c mt tn gi, kiu d liu v tp hp cc tnh cht m t
trng d liu .
V d: Trng MaKhoa c kiu d liu l Text, kch thc 2 k t, c hin th l
ch in hoa,
5.1.3. Bn ghi (record)
Mi dng d liu ca bng c gi mt bn ghi.
V d: Bng Khoa c 3 bn ghi l (CN, Khoa Cng ngh thng tin), (KT, Khoa
Kinh t), (NN, Khoa Ngoi ng)
5.1.4. Kha chnh (primary key)
Kha chnh ca bng l trng hoc tp trng dng phn bit cc bn ghi trong
cng mt bng.
V d: mt trng i hc, mi sinh vin khi nhp hc u c cp 1 m sinh
vin khng ging nhau, do c bng SinhVien c thit k nh sau:

Nh vy trng MaSV cha d liu m sinh vin s l kha chnh ca bng
SINHVIEN v m sinh vin l duy nht, cc sinh vin c th trng h tn, ngy
sinh,nhng khng th c m sinh vin ging nhau.
V d: Kt qu hc tp ca sinh vin bao gm cc d liu sau: m sinh vin, m cc
lp hc sinh vin ng k v im kt qu ca cc lp hc . Trong CSDL ca
trng c bng KetQua c thit k nh sau

Nh vy 2 trng MaSV (cha d liu m sinh vin) v MaLop (cha m lp hc m
sinh vin ng k) s to thnh kha chnh ca bng KetQua, khng th c 1 sinh vin
ng k lp hc m c 2 im kt qu khc nhau.

Ch : MS Access khng chp nhn cc gi tr trng nhau hay trng (null)
trong trng kha chnh.
5.1.5. Mi lin h gia cc bng (relationship)
Th hin khi nim mi lin h gia cc quan h trong m hnh l thuyt (xem phn
Phn I2.3.2). i km vi mi lin h l rng buc ton vn v kha ngoi.
Trong Access tn ti 2 kiu quan h: quan h - v quan h - (mt-nhiu)
a) Quan h 1-1
Mi bn ghi ca bng ny s khng lin kt hoc lin kt vi duy nht ti mt bn
ghi ca bng kia v ngc li
V d: Mi s bo danh ca th sinh
thi i hc ch c 1 s phch bi thi v s
phch ca mi bi thi ch thuc v 1 s
bo danh.

M t d liu 2 bng nh sau:

b) Quan h 1-
Mt bn ghi trong bng A khng kt hp hoc kt hp vi mt hay nhiu bn ghi
trong bng B, nhng ngc li mt bn ghi trong bng B ch c th kt hp duy nht vi
mt bn ghi trong bng A.
V d: mt khoa ca trng i hc Nha Trang
c nhiu sinh vin nhng mt sinh vin ch thuc v
duy nht mt khoa.

M t d liu 2 bng nh sau:

5.2. Xy dng cu trc bng
5.2.1. S dng ch Design View to bng
Tab Tables Create Table in Design View hoc Tab Tables

Sau ta c bng thit k nh sau:

Tn trng
La chn kiu d liu
M t ngn gn ca trng

Bng thit k sau khi c nhp gi tr:

a) Tn trng
Tn trng c th t ty , tuy nhin d qun l nn t ngn gn, d gi nh,
khng cha k t trng v khng dng ch ting Vit c du.
b) Kiu d liu (Data Type)
MS Access cung cp mt s kiu d liu c bn sau:
- Text: kiu chui c di ti a 2 k t
- Memo: kiu chui c di ti a . k t
- Number: kiu s
- Date/Time: kiu ngy (nu cn c th lu thm thng tin v gi)
- Currency: kiu s c nh dng theo loi tin t
- AutoNumber: kiu s nhng t ng tng do Microsoft Access cung cp v
qun l, ngi dng khng th cp nht
- Yes/No: kiu Logic
- OLE Object: kiu i tng kt nhng: Word, Excel,..
- Hyperlink: kiu chui ch ng dn ca mt tp tin trn cng hay trn my
ch ca mng hay mt a ch URL trn mng.
- Lookup Wizard: to mt ct chn gi tr v tm kim t mt bng khc
Kha
chnh
Kch thc ca trng
Quy nh dng hin th d liu
Quy nh dng thc d liu
phi nhp
Tiu ct m
trng hin th
Gi tr mc nh
ca trng khi
nhp d liu
Cc quy tc hp l ca d
liu nhp
Cho php nhp
chui rng
Thng bo khi nhp d liu sai
quy tc
Bt buc phi nhp d
liu hay khng
To ch mc
2

Khai bo thuc tnh cho trng th General:

c) Field Size
Xc nh kch thc ti a cho d liu kiu Number hay Text ca trng.
i vi kiu s (number) th Access cung cp cc kiu sau
Loi s ln
Byte s nguyn byte
Integer s nguyn 2 byte
Long Integer s nguyn byte
Single s thc byte
Double s thc 2 byte
Decimal s thc byte
d) Format
nh dng cch th hin ca d liu khi hin th hoc khi in n.
- Kiu chui: gm 3 phn
[Phn 1];[Phn 2];[Phn 3]
Trong :
- Phn 1: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp c cha vn bn.
- Phn 2: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp khng cha vn bn.
- Phn 3: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp null
Cc k t dng nh dng chui
K t Tc dng
@ Chui k t
"123ABC" Hin th nhng g trong ngoc kp nh k t
> i tt c k t nhp vo thnh in hoa
< i tt c k t nhp vo thnh in thng
\
Hin th k t k tip nh k t bnh thng
(dng hin th cc k t c bit)

V d
Cch nh dng D liu nhp vo Hin th
@@@-@@@
2
abcdef
2-
abc-def
> Tinhoc TINHOC
< TinHoc tinhoc
@; "Khng c"; "Cha nhp"
ABC

Null
ABC
Khng c
Cha nhp

- Kiu s (Number) v kiu s tin t (Currency)
nh dng do ACCESS cung cp
Loi s D liu nhp vo Hin th
General Number 2. 2.
Currency 2. ,2.
Euro 2. ,2.
Fixed 2. 2
Standard 2. ,2.
Pecent .2 2.
Scientific 2. 1.23E+0
nh dng do ngi s dng:
[Phn 1];[Phn 2];[Phn 3];[Phn 4]
Trong :
- Phn 1: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s dng.
- Phn 2: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s m.
- Phn 3: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp s bng zero.
- Phn 4: Chui nh dng tng ng trong trng hp null.
V d
nh dng Hin th
0;(0);;"Null"
S dng hin th bnh thng
S m c bao gia 2 du ngoc ( )
S b b trng
Null hin ch Null
.-..
Hin th du + pha trc nu s dng
Hin th du - pha trc nu s m
Hin th . nu m hoc Null
- Kiu Date/Time
nh dng Hin th
General date 10/30/99 5:10:30PM

Long date Friday, may 30 , 1999
Medium date 30-jul-
Short date
Long time 6:20:00 PM
Medium time 6:20 PM
Short time :2
- Kiu Yes/No
nh dng Tc dng
Yes / No ngSai
True / False ngSai
On / Off
ngSai
nh dng do ngi s dng: Gm 3 phn
;[Phn 1];[Phn 2]
Trong :
- Phn : Trng hp gi tr trng ng
- Phn 2: Trng hp gi tr trng sai
V d
nh dng Hin th
Trng hp True Trng hp False
"Nam""N" Nam N
;"C";"Khng" C Khng

Ch : xem c hin th ca kiu Yes/No ta phi thay i thuc tnh
Display Control th Lookup thnh Text Box

e) Input Mask
Mt n nh dng d liu, ngi s dng bt buc phi nhp d liu cho trng ng
theo quy nh ci t thuc tnh ny.
K t Tc dng
Bt buc nhp k t s
Khng bt buc nhp, k t s
# Khng bt buc nhp, s 0-9, khong trng, du + v -
L Bt buc nhp, k t ch
? Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc khong trng
a Bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s
A Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s
& Bt buc nhp, k t bt k
C Khng bt buc nhp k t bt k
< Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch thng
> Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch hoa
! D liu c ghi t phi sang tri
V d:
Input Mask D liu nhp vo
()- ()2-22
(000)AAA-A (23)124-E
Ngoi ra ta c th s dng nhng Input Mask c sn do Access cung cp

f) Caption
Dng lm tiu cho cc trng trong ch Datasheet ca bng, c th dng ting
Vit. Chui k t ny cng xut hin ti nhn cc ca cc iu khin trong cc biu mu
hoc bo co.
Nu khng xc nh Caption th Access s ly tn trng lm tiu .
g) Default Value
Quy nh gi tr mc nh cho trng tr Auto number v OEL Object. C th l mt
biu thc, hng, cc hm mu v cc php ton.

h) Validation rule v Validation Text
Quy nh quy tc hp l d liu (Validation rule) gii hn gi tr nhp vo cho
mt trng. Khi gii hn ny b vi phm s c cu thng bo Validation text.
V d:
Validation rule Tc dng
0 Khc s khng
Like "*HUE*" Trong chui phi cha HUE
>= #10/10/99# and <= #12/11/99# Trong khong t n 12/12/99
i) Required (tng t rng buc ton vn NOT NULL)
Dng quy nh d liu cn phi nhp hay khng. Nu chn Yes th phi nhp gi
tr cho ct mi khi thm dng mi, ngc li nu cho a gi tr Null vo th chn No.
Thuc tnh ny c gi tr mc nh l No
j) AllowZeroLength
Cho php quy nh mt trng c kiu Text hay memo c th hoc khng c th c
chui c di bng 0.
Thuc tnh ny c gi tr mc nh l No

Ch : Cn phn bit mt trng cha gi tr null (cha c d liu) v mt
trng cha chui c di bng 0 (c d liu nhng chui rng "").
k) Index
To ch mc trn mt trng, gip vic tm kim d liu nhanh hn.
- Yes(Dupplicate OK) : To ch mc c trng lp
- Yes(No Dupplicate) : To ch mc khng trng lp
- No : Khng to ch mc

5.2.2. To kha chnh
Thc hin ln lt cc bc sau
1. M bng ch Design View
2. Chn trng (cc trng) cn lm kha
3. Click vo biu tng kha
trn thanh cng c to kha hoc
Right-Click tn trng cn lm kha
Primary Key

Ch : Cc trng c kiu d liu l Memo,
OLE Object, Hyper Link khng th lm kha chnh.

5.2.3. Lu bng
Thc hin bi 1 trong nhiu cch sau
- Ctrl+S
- Click biu tng trn thanh cng c.
- Menu File Save
5.2.4. Hiu chnh bng
- Di chuyn trng: a con tr ra u trng
cn di chuyn, gi v ko n v tr mi.
- Chn thm trng mi: Chn trng hin thi
l trng s nm sau trng c chn vo
Right Click Insert Row
- Xa trng: Chn trng cn xa
Right Click Delete Row

5.3. Thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng
- Bc 1: Chn biu tng Relationship hoc vo menu Tool Relationships.
- Bc 2: a cc bng mun to mi quan h vo ca s Relationships bng cch ln
lt chn bng Add

Sau khi chn xong th click Close
Nu cn chn thm bng th Right Click (ti vng ca
s Relationships) Show Table

- Bc 3: Trong ca s Relationships dng
chut ko v th trng lin h t bng ny
sang bng kia.

- Bc 4: Xc nh cc qui tc rng buc
ca mi quan h ny bng cch chn vo
kim tra hiu lc ca rng buc ton vn
(Enforce Referential Integrity)

ng thit lp ton vn tham chiu, ngha l d liu trn
trng tham chiu ca bng con phi tng ng vi d liu tn ti trn trng ca bng
cha. Ngoi ra thit lp ny cn cho bit kiu quan h gia 2 bng

m bo ton vn d liu khi cp nht d liu gia 2

bng lin quan. Khi , nu gi tr trng kho lin kt bng 1 b thay i, ton b gi tr
trng kho lin kt bng nhiu cng b thay i theo.
m bo ton vn d liu khi xo d liu gia 2 bng

lin quan. Khi , nu mt bn ghi bng c quan h 1 b xo, ton b cc bn ghi c quan
h vi bn ghi hin ti s c t ng xo bng c quan h nhiu (nu xo 1 CHA, ton
b cc con ca cha s t ng b xo khi bng CON)
Hp Relationship Type: cho bit kiu quan h gia 2 bng ang thit lp:

One To One Kiu -
One To Many Kiu -
Indeterminate Khng xc nh c kiu lin kt
- Bc 5: Chn Create
- Bc 6: Lu li cc mi quan h vo ca s quan h: chn menu File Save
hoc click vo biu tng trn thanh cng c.

Ch : Khi thit lp mi quan h phi ng tt c cc bng tham gia.

5.4. Cp nht bng
5.4.1. Xem v nhp d liu
C th xem v nhp d liu trong bng bng cc cch sau
- Double click vo bng cn xem (hoc nhp d liu)
- Click chn bng, sau click vo biu tng

5.4.2. Nhp d liu s dng Lookup
vic nhp cc gi tr cho cc thuc tnh kha ngoi c d dng, nhanh chng v
trnh sai st, c th nhp d liu cho cc thuc tnh ny dng lookup. V d bn di l
thit lp lookup cho kha ngoi MaKH ca bng SinhVien

Mn hnh khi nhp liu:

Trng kha
ngoi n
bng quan h
Bng c
quan h
nhiu ()
Kiu th hin
d liu
Bng c tham chiu
(bng c quan h )

5.4.3. Mt s li c th xy ra khi nhp d liu

Li do: Nhp vo gi tr khng tng thch vi kiu d liu ca trng ch nh.
V d: trng kiu Numeric m g vo ch ci; hoc khng g y cc gi tr
ngy, thng, nm cho trng kiu Date/Time,..
Khc phc: Nhp li cho ng, gi tr cc trng yu cu n khi khng xut
hin thng bo li.

Li do: Khng nhp gi tr hoc trng gi tr trng kho.
Khc phc: phi nhp y gi tr cho trng kho.

Li do: Gi tr trng kho trng nhau. Gi tr trng kho va nhp vo trng
vi gi tr ca mt kha ca bn ghi khc trn bng d liu.
Khc phc: nhp li gi tr trng kho khc sao cho va ng, v khng b
trng kho.

Li do: Khng nhp d liu trng bt buc nhp d liu (nhng trng c thit
lp thuc tnh Required=Yes)
Khc phc: Phi nhp d liu cho cc trng bt buc phi nhp d liu.

L do: Li do thc hin mt thao tc vi phm cc nguyn tc m bo ton vn d liu.
V d: Nhp d liu trn mt bng c quan h m bn ghi ang nhp khng th lin kt
c ti c mt bn ghi no ca bng c quan h 1 vi n (nhp mt hng bn m m
hng cha c trong bng danh mc hng ho).
5.4.4. Xa bn ghi
Vi bng d liu ang m c th thc hin 2 bc sau xo cc bn ghi:
Bc 1: Chn nhng bn ghi cn xo. C th chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi bng
cch dng chut nh du u dng nhng bn ghi cn chn;
Bc 2: Ra lnh xo bng mt trong cc cch sau
- Nhn phm Delete.
- Right Click trn vng chn Delete Record
- Click vo biu tng trn thanh cng c
Mt hp thoi xut hin bn khng nh mt ln na vic xo d liu:

Chn Yes ng xo, No hu lnh xo.
5.4.5. Sp xp d liu
Sp xp l vic thay i th t hin th mt bng d liu theo mt trt t no . Kt
qu ca vic sp xp gip ngi dng c th quan st c tt hn d liu trn bng, tt
nhin mun quan st bng d liu theo trng no phi thc hin sp xp bng theo d liu
trng y.
Cch sp xp d liu trn bng ang m nh sau:
Bc 1: t con tr ln trng (ct) mun sp xp;
Bc 2: Nhn nt lnh sp xp trn thanh cng c:
- Sp xp tng dn
- Sp xp gim dn.
2

5.4.6. Lc d liu
Lc d liu l vic chn ra nhng bn ghi trn bng c cng mt s gi tr. Kt qu
vic lc d liu s gip ngi dng lm vic mt cch hiu qu trn tp hp cc bn ghi h
mong mun.
Cc bc lc d liu trn mt bng ang m nh sau:
Bc 1: Click chn trng cn lc d liu.
Bc : Click chn biu tng Filter by Form
Bc 3: Thit lp iu kin lc trn trng ang chn

CHNG 6. TRUY VN (QUERY)
6.1. Cc khi nim
Sau khi xy dng c CSDL, ngi dng s cn kt xut d liu trn CSDL nhm
phc v cho nhng yu cu khc nhau. Mt trong nhng cng c x l d liu m MS
Access cung cp l Query. Query cho php thc hin cc php ton i s quan h nh
php chiu, chn kt, gom nhm.
C cc loi query sau trong Access:
Query truy vn:
- Select Query
- Group by Select Query
- Crosstab Query
Query thm, xa, sa d liu:
- Append Query
- Delete Query
- Update Query
- Make Table Query
6.2. Query truy vn
6.2.1. Select Query (truy vn vi php chn, chiu, kt ni)
Phn ny minh ha li cch thc hin Query cho cc v d v cc php chn, chiu,
kt ni trong chng v i s quan h.
V d 01: Cho bit tn khoa ca sinh vin c m s 22. Lit k cc thng tin
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, TenKhoa.
Biu thc i s quan h cho truy vn trn:
t
MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, TenKhoa
[o
MaSV=5202
(SinhVien
MaKH = MaKhoa
Khoa)]
To truy vn trong Access:

Trong mn hnh c s d liu, chn mc Queries, sau chn Create query in
Design view m mn hnh Show Table.

Trong mn hnh Show Table, chn v nhn nt Add cc table tham gia truy vn
(Khoa v SinhVien). Sau khi chn xong, nhn nt Close tr v mn hnh Design Query.

Mn hnh design Query gm hai phn:
- Phn A dng th hin cc bng tham gia truy vn. Phn ny cng th hin mi
quan h gia cc bng v mi quan h c s dng lm php kt ni bng.
- Phn B gm nhiu ct dng thc hin cc php chn v chiu. Mt ct trong
phn B tng ng vi mt ct trong php chiu.
Ko th (hoc Double-Click) cc trng lin quan n truy vn t phn A vo cc
ct phn B. Du * i din cho tt c cc ct trong bng.
Nhn nt ViewDesign chuyn i gia ch thit k
Query v ch xem kt qu thc hin php kt ni gia bng
SinhVien v Khoa:

A

B

Cc trng (ct)
c chn
Bng tham gia
truy vn
Vng nhp iu
kin ca php chn
Sp xp
Cho php (khng cho php)
hin th kt qu

B sung php chn v php chiu:
Ko bn ct MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, TenKhoa vo phn B.
Thc hin php chn MaSV = '22': g mnh = '22' vo dng Criteria
ng vi ct MaSV.

Kt qu thc hin:

V d 02: To ct mi (HoTen) t 2 trng HoSV v TenSV

Kt qu thc hin:

Ch : Tn ct mi t dng Field c cu trc nh sau
<Tn ct> : <Biu thc>
V d: HoTen : [HoSV] + ' ' + [TenSV]
V d 0: Biu thc chn c mnh AND
Xt cu truy vn: Lit k cc sinh vin sinh nm v c hc bng trn 500.
o
Year(NgaySinh)=1990 AND HocBong>300
(SinhVien)
Trong cu truy vn ny, biu thc logic gm 2 phn: Year(NgaySinh)=1990 v
HocBong > c t phn Criteria:

Ch : Year([NgaySinh]) ging nh l mt thuc tnh mi nhng khng c
hin ra do khng c chn dng Show.
Xt cu truy vn: Lit k cc sinh vin t mc hc bng t n 500
o
(HocBong>=300 AND HocBong <=500
(SinhVien)
Lc ny c hai iu kin chn cho cng mt thuc tnh l HocBong

Hoc s dng mnh : Between AND 5
V d 04: Biu thc chn c mnh OR
Xt cu truy vn: Lit k cc sinh vin c tn bt u l T hoc l K.
o
(Ten LIKE 'T*' OR Ten LIKE 'K*')
(SinhVien)

Mnh Like 'K*' c g dng OR

V d 0: Lit k cc mn hc cha m lp:

iu kin NOT IN (SELECT MaMH FROM LopHoc) ngha l: trong bng mn hc,
hy tm cc mn m MaMH khng c trong bng LopHoc. Kt qu:

V d 0: Sp xp v la dng
Xt cu truy vn: Chn hai sinh vin t mc hc bng cao nht.
Trc tin sp xp danh sch sinh vin theo hc bng t cao n thp:

Kt qu sp xp:

Sau trong mn hnh Design, trn thanh cng c, thay t All thnh 2:

Kt qu thc hin:

6.2.2. Group by Select Query (truy vn vi php nhm)
V d 0: Xt cu truy vn: da vo bng SinhVien, m s sinh vin v tnh tng
hc bng theo tng khoa:

Trong Access to Group by Select Query, u tin to mt Select Query nh bnh
thng. Sau nhn vo nt E trn thanh cng c xut hin dng Total.

5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800 KT
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800 CN

MaKhoa SoSV TongHB
KT 2 1.000
CN 3 1.400

2
3
Tch nhm
theo m khoa
m s SV
trong nhm

Sau a ba trng MaKh, MaSV, HocBong vo ba ct bn di.
- Trng MaKh dng tch nhm, nn trong dng Total chn l Group By.
- Trng MaSV dng m s lng sinh vin nn trong dng Total chn hm Count.
- Trng HocBong dng tnh tng hc bng nn trong dng Total chn hm Sum.
Kt qu thc hin.

V d 0: B sung thm trng TenKhoa.
Kt ni bng SinhVien vi bng Khoa, sau chn trng MaKhoa, TenKhoa l
Group by

V d 0: Tnh s sinh vin n ca tng khoa
Cu truy vn ny cng tng t nh cu tnh tng s sinh vin ca tng khoa, tuy
nhin trc khi tch nhm th phi thc hin php chn lc ra cc sinh vin n

y, trng GioiTinh ch dng chn ra cc sinh vin n, khng dng tch
nhm, do dng Total ca ct GioiTinh chn Where(khng chn Group By).
Kt qu thc hin

V d 10 Da vo cc bng SinhVien, LopHoc, KetQua v MonHoc, tnh im
trung bnh hc k nm 2 ca cc sinh vin. Lit k: MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, DTB.
tam o
NamHoc=2010 AND HocKy= 1
(LopHoc MonHoc KetQua)

MaSV, HoSV, TenSV
G
DTB: Sum(Diem*SoTinChi)/Sum(SoTinChi)
(tam)

Trong v d trn, v cch tnh im trung bnh l mt cng thc ton hc nn dng
Total ct DTB:Sum([Diem]*[SoTinChi])/Sum([SoTinChi]) c chn l Expression
(ngha l mt biu thc).
Kt qu thc hin

Tm tt Chc nng Total cung cp cho ngi dng cc phng thc thng k sau:
- Group By: Gom nhm cc trng cn thng k.
- Sum: Tnh tng cc gi tr trong cng mt nhm
- Count: m s phn t trong mt nhm
- AVG: Tnh trung bnh cng cc phn t trong cng mt nhm
- Min: Tnh gi tr nh nht ca cc phn t trong cng mt nhm
- Max: tnh gi tr ln nht ca cc phn t trong cng mt nhm
- Expresion: Biu thc ton hc.

6.2.3. Crosstab Query
L dng query tng hp s liu kt nhm theo hng v ct t s liu ca cc table
hay query khc.
Cu trc ca 1 kt qu crosstab query

- Row heading: l tiu cc dng, c cha cc gi tr ca hay nhiu trng
lm i tng thng k. Mi crosstab query phi c ti thiu 1 trng lm Row heading.
- Column heading l tiu cc ct, c cha cc gi tr ca mt trng lm iu
kin thng k. Mi crosstab query ch c duy nht 01 trng lm Column heading.
- Value l vng d liu tng hp (kiu s). Ch c duy nht mt trng lm
Value, tng ng vi n l cc hm thng k: Sum, Count, Avg, Max, Min

V d 11: Thng k im s cui cng ca tng sinh vin theo tng mn hc:
Kt qu ca php kt:
t
MaSV, Ho,Ten, MaLop, TenMH, Diem
(SinhVien KetQua LopHoc MonHoc)
MaSV HoTen MaLop TenMH Diem
5308 Phm Trang 01 Tin hc c s 3
5308 Phm Trang 03 Tin hc c s
5308 Phm Trang 02 K ton ti chnh
5202 L Cng 01 Tin hc c s 4
5202 L Cng 03 Tin hc c s 8
5202 L Cng 04 Cu trc d liu 7
5202 L Cng 02 K ton ti chnh

MaSV HoTen Cu trc d liu K ton ti chnh Tin hc c s
5202 L Cng
5308 Phm Trang

to bng crosstab, trc tin to mt Group By Select Query. Sau chuyn
thnh Crosstab Query bng cch vo menu Query Crosstab Query
Value
Row heading
Column heading
Max(3, 9)
Max(4, 8)
2

Phn thit k Query xut hin thm dng Crosstab.
- MaSV, HoTen sp theo chiu dc nn ti dng total l Group By, ti dng
crosstab chn l Row Heading.
- TenMH sp theo chiu ngang nn ti dng total l Group By, ti dng crosstab
chn l Column Heading.
- Diem l gi tr ca bng nn ti dng total l Max, ti dng crosstab chn l
Value.
Kt qu thc hin:

6.3. Query thm, xa, sa
6.3.1. Make Table Query
Trong cc phn trn, truy vn c to theo hai ch : ch thit k (Design) v
ch xem kt qu (View). c th lu kt qu ca query nhm mc ch s dng sau
ny, Access cung cp Make-Table Query.
Make-Table Query hon ton ging nh mt Select Query bnh thng, ch khc l
cho php lu kt qu thnh mt bng.

V d 12: Tnh s sinh vin theo tng Khoa v lu vo bng DemSinhVien.
Trc tin thit k Select query m s sinh vin theo tng Khoa nh bnh thng.
Sau vo menu Query Make-Table Query.

Sau nhp vo tn ca bng cn lu kt qu

chnh thc lu kt qu vo bng DemSinhVien, click vo biu tng Run (biu
tng View vn c tc dng xem trc kt qu nh bnh thng)

Sau khi nhn nt Run, chn Yes hp thoi tip theo. Quay tr li mn hnh xem
Table ca database, xut hin bng DemSinhVien.

6.3.2. Update Query
Sau khi nhp d liu vo cc table, nu mun thay i d liu, mt cch thc hin
l m cc table cp nht trc tip trn cc table . Tuy nhin nu d liu cn sa i
nhiu, th vic cp nht tn nhiu cng sc. Trong thc t, vic thay i d liu thng
theo mt quy tc no . V d: tng hc bng cc sinh vin thm 50%, hay b sung cc
mn hc thm mt tn ch.
Access cung cp query update c th thc hin vic cp nht mt cch t ng.
V d 1: Tng hc bng cho cc sinh vin n thm 50%.
thc hin truy vn ny, trc tin to mt Select Query cho bng SinhVien vi 2
trng c chn l HocBong v GioiTinh
Sau vo menu Query Update Query.

Sau khi chn kiu query l Update Query, phn thit k xut hin dng Update To.
- Ct HocBong l ct s phi cp nht d liu mi, do trong dng Update to,
nhp vo biu thc [HocBong]*1,5
- Ct GioiTinh, nhp iu kin chn l No chn ra cc sinh vin n tng hc
bng (Gi s khi thit k bng SinhVien ta thit lp gi tr No trng GioiTinh ch
sinh vin n)
Sau khi thit k truy vn xong, click Run tht s cp nht d liu (biu tng
View xem trc cc dng c chn).

Nhn nt Yes cp nht. Kt qu ca bng SinhVien sau khi update l:

6.3.3. Delete Query
Tng t nh Update Query, Delete Query cng c dng xa cng lc nhiu
dng trong bng. Cc dng cn xa phi tha mn mt iu kin no .
V d 14: Hy b kt qu ca lp hc c m .
MaSV MaLop Diem
5202 01 4
5202 02 7
5202 03 8
5202 04
5308 01 3
5308 02
5308 03
thc hin truy vn ny, trc tin ta to mt Select Query cho bng KetQua vi
trng c chn l MaLop
Sau vo menu Query Delete Query.

dng Criteria nhp gi tr m mn hc cn xa l . Click Run, sau click
Yes, Access s tin hnh xa trong bng KetQua.
6.3.4. Append Query
Tng t nh Make-Table Query, Append Query cng c dng lu li kt qu
truy vn. im khc nhau l Make-Table Query to ra mt bng mi. Cn Append th lu
kt qu vo mt bng c sn.
V d, lu tr im trung bnh ca tng sinh vin trong tng hc k (xem v d
10), chng ta c th thit k thm mt bng DiemTrungBinh nh sau:

Sau lu tr im trung bnh ca tng sinh vin trong hc k nm hc 2010,
thc hin truy vn nh trong v d 10 v chuyn thnh Append Query, vo menu Query
Append Query.

Mt hp thoi xut hin yu cu cho bit bng d liu ch:

Thc hin ch nng Run tng t nh cc query Update, Delete. Kt qu ca truy
vn s c lu vo table DiemTrungBinh. Sau c th lu tr tip im trung bnh ca
cc hc k khc.

6.4. Truy vn c tham s
Xt cu truy vn: Lit k cc sinh vin t mc hc bng t n
o
( HocBong>=300 AND HocBong<=500
(SinhVien)

Trong cu truy vn ny, hai con s 00 v c ghi c nh trong lc thit k
mn hnh Design. Nu cn thay i phm vi ca HocBong (v d, t n ) th phi
m li mn hnh thit k v sa li.
Mt cch thc hin khc hiu qu hn l quy cc con s gii hn trn thnh cc tham
s. Khi thc hin truy vn th Access mi yu cu nhp gi tr tham s.

Khi nhn nt xem kt qu, Access yu cu nhp gi tr tham s x l truy vn:

Ch : Tham s phi c t trong du [ ] v khng c trng tn bt k
trng no ca cc bng tham gia truy vn.

CHNG . BIU MU (FORM)
7.1. Khi nim Form
Form l mt thnh phn trong CSDL Access h tr thit k giao din gia ngi s
dng v CSDL.
C hai cch xy dng Form trong Access:
- S dng Form Wizard: y l cch rt n gin, nhanh chng, d dng gip
to nhanh mt Form. Tuy nhin Form c to ra theo nhng mu (templates)
c sn nn ch c th p ng nhng nhu cu n gin.
- S dng Form Design View: mt cng c gip to ra cc form p ng nhiu
yu cu khc nhau ca ngi s dng,

Ch : Thng thng nn s dng Form Wizard hnh thnh cc Form n
gin sau s dng tip Form Design View tip tc thit k.
7.2. S dng Form Wizard to Form
Phn ny trnh by vic to Form bng cch s dng Form Wizard vi v d l trnh
by v nhp liu cho bng SinhVien.
- Bc 1: Trong ca s CSDL ang s dng,
Chn Forms Create form by using wizard.

- Bc 2: Chn thng tin cn a ln Form
Ti mc Tables/ Queries chn Table: SinhVien

Chn bng (table) hay truy vn
(query) cn thit cho Form

Vic chn table SinhVien c ngha l Form s tng tc vi cc gi tr trong cc ct
ca bng SinhVien. Trong Available Fields hin th cc trng c trong bng SinhVien m
cha c chn hin th trn Form. Trong Selected Fields cha cc trng s hin th
trn Form.
chn mt vi trng vo Selected Fields, chn trng Available Fields ri click
. ly tt c cc trng t Available Fields, click .
Ngc li, cc nt v loi b mt vi hoc tt c cc trng
trong Selected Fields.
Sau khi chn c cc trng cn thit vo Selected Fields, click Next
- Bc 3: Chn kiu trnh by (layout) ca Form

Ti giao din ny, Access cung cp mt s mu (template) cho vic hin th d liu
ln Form. C 4 kiu chnh
- Columnar: hin th d liu ca mt bn ghi trn mt trang Form.
- Tabular: hin th d liu ca tt c cc record trn mt trang Form
- Datasheet: hin th d liu ca tt c cc bn ghi trn mt trang Form di dng
bng (tng t nh bng c m dng Open)
- Justified: Phn b d liu ca bn ghi trn Form theo cu trc nh sn ca Access.
Thng thng chn Columnar Next
- Bc 4: Chn kiu dng (Style) cho form.
Trong giao din ny Access cung cp mt danh sch cc kiu dng. Hy th tng
mu v chn cho Form mt kiu dng ph hp.

Thng thng chn Standard Next

- Bc 5: Hon thin cng vic

- t tiu hin th cho Form, tiu ny cng s l tn ca Form (tuy nhin tn
Form c th c thay i ca s cc i tng CSDL m khng nh hng n tiu
Form).
- La chn Open the form to view or enter information: hin th Form sau khi click Finish
- La chn Modify the forms design: m giao din Form Design chnh sa Form.
Nu la chn hin th Form th:

Chnh sa li tn cc nhn, tiu trong Form: click biu tng thit k Form
Xem/Thit
k Form
Hin th bn
ghi u tin
Hin thi bn
ghi trc
Hin th bn
ghi tip theo
Hin th bn
ghi cui cng
Thm bn ghi
mi

7.3. S dng Design View to Form
to ra c form mang tnh chuyn nghip v p ng c st yu cu thc t
bt buc phi s dng n Form Design View. Ni nh vy khng c ngha l khng dng
Form Wizard to form, m trong nhiu tnh hung vn dng Form Wizard ri s dng
n Form Design View tip tc hon thin yu cu.
- To form mi ngay t u
Chn Forms Create form in Design view.

- Thit k li form to trc bng Form Wizard
Chn Form click vo biu tng thit k

2

Mn hnh thit k form xut hin nh sau

1) Ca s thuc tnh (Properties): m t chi tit v i tng ca form ang c thit k

Ch :
- Ngun d liu c s dng hin th trn form c khai bo th All ca
i tng Form
- Mun thay i nh dng ca i tng trn form (v d: font ch, mu nn,
mu ch) th chn i tng tinh chnh ca s thuc tnh.
2) Thanh cng c Toolbox: ni cha nhng i tng, nhng cng c c th a ln
form vi mc ch thit k giao din v iu khin d liu theo mc ch thit k.
3) Field List: hin th danh sch cc trng ca ngun d liu c khai bo ca s
thuc tnh. Mun hin th d liu ca trng no trn form ch cn ko trng
trong Field List vo Form Design.
Phn tiu
u
Phn thn
form
Phn tiu
cui
Danh sch cc trng
ca ngun d liu
(Table/Query)
Bt/Tt ca s
ngun d liu
Bt/Tt ca s
Toolbox
Bt/Tt ca s
thuc tnh ca form
Ca s thuc tnh
ca form
Ca s cc
cng c thit k
(Toolbox)
Ngun d liu
i tng ang
thit k

7.4. Main-Sub Form
t vn : cn xy dng mt Form hin th thng tin cc Khoa, khi mt Khoa c
hin th th phi hin th lun danh sch sinh vin thuc Khoa .
Trong trng hp ny, Access cung cp k thut to form c th tha mn yu cu
trn, form c to ra c gi l Main-Sub form. C th hiu Sub form l form ny lng
trong form kia (c th lng trong nhau nhiu lp). Form cha gi l form cha (Main form);
form c lng vo gi l form con (Sub form). Vic x l d liu trn tng form c th
x l c lp hoc c quan h vi nhau tu theo mc ch cng vic.
V d: cc bc to mt mt Main-Sub form cho bng Khoa v SinhVien nh hnh
bn di:

Cch 1: To Main Form v Sub Form ring ri lin kt li vi nhau:
- Bc 1: To Form hin th cho bng Khoa bng Wizard v chn Style Columnar.
t tn cho Form ny l Khoa_MainForm

- Bc 2: To Form hin th cho bng SinhVien bng Wizard v chn Style DataSheet, tn
l SinhVien_SubForm. Form ny c hnh dng tng t nh phn DataView ca table
SinhVien.

- Bc 3: M Form Khoa ch Design View M rng phn Detail Ko
Form SinhVien_SubForm vo phn trng va c to ra.

- Bc 4: iu chnh giao din v chuyn qua Form View

Trong Sub Form SinhVien hin th cc sinh vin thuc Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin.
Giao din Main-Sub nh trn trnh by nhng sinh vin trong tng khoa. ng thi
c th tin hnh thm, xa, sa thng tin SinhVien.
Cch 2: To Main-Sub Form cng lc:
- Bc 1: S dng form Wizard, chn cc thuc tnh ca bng Khoa:

- Bc : Chn tip cc thuc tnh ca bng SinhVien:

- Bc : trong mc ny chn l by Khoa to Main-Sub form (nu chn by
SinhVien th ch l form thng)

- Bc : trong mc ny chn l by Khoa to Main-Sub form. Access t ng
hiu rng Khoa l Main-Form cn SinhVien l Sub-Form.
- Bc 4: Chn kiu cho Sub form l Datasheet

- Bc 5: Lu li tn ca form Main v form Sub

Kt qu t c cng tng t nh vic to 2 form ring ri lin kt li vi nhau:

7.5. S dng nt lnh (Command Button)
Nt lnh l mt biu tng trn form m khi click cht vo th form s thc hin
mt cng vic no , v d: khi nhn ln nt
- Mt bng lng s c in ra.
- Form ang lm vic s c ng li.
Access cung cp tnh nng Control Button Wizard gip ngi thit k to mt s
loi nt lnh m khng cn bit nhiu n lp trnh. Di y l cc bc s dng:
V d: To nt
- Bc : M form ch Design v m ca s cc cng c thit k (Toolbox).
Ch phi kch hot tnh nng Control Wizard ca toolbox

- Bc : M rng phn Detail ca Form, chn biu tng to nt lnh trn
Toolbox, dng chut v nt lnh v tr thch hp

Control Wizard

- Bc : Mt hp thoi xut hin yu cu chn hnh ng cho nt lnh

- Categories: cha cc nhm thao tc m mt nt lnh c th nhn
- Actions: cha danh sch cc lnh ca mi nhm.

Nhm / Lnh ngha
Record Navigation nh hng tr chut trn bn ghi
- Go To First Record - Chuyn v bn ghi u
- Go To Last Record - Chuyn n bn ghi cui cng
- Go To Next Record - Chuyn n bn ghi k sau
- Go To Previous Record - Chuyn v bn ghi k trc
Record Operations Cc x l vi bn ghi
- Add New Record - Thm bn ghi mi
- Delete Record - Xo bn ghi hin ti
- Update Record - Cp nht bn ghi hin ti
- Undo Record - Phc hi thay i d liu bn ghi
Form Operations Cc x l vi Form
- Close Form - ng form
- Open Form - M mt form khc
Report Operations Cc x l vi Report
- Preview report - Xem trc ni dung (Preview) report
- Print report - In report
- Send report to file - Xut report ra mt tp tin khc
Applications X l ng dng
- Quit Application - Thot khi Access
- Run Application - Chy mt ng dng no (v d, file .exe)
Miscellaneous Mt s thao tc khc
- Print table - In ni dung mt bng
- Run macro - Thi hnh mt macro
- Run query - Thi hnh mt query

Vi yu cu ng form th chn: Categories l Form Actions v Actions l Close Form.
Chn xong nhn Next:
- Bc : Chn hin th cho nt lnh

- Tu chn Text nu mun hin th ni dung bng ch trn nt lnh.
- Tu chn Picture nu mun th hin mt hnh nh ln nt lnh.
Cui cng, nhn Finish kt thc vic to mt nt lnh.

CHNG . BO CO (REPORT)
Report l cng c dng thit k in n d liu hu hiu trong Access. Trong chng
ny c cc ni dung c th bao gm:
- Cc khi nim v Report.
- S dng Report Wizard.
8.1. Khi nim v Report
Report l mt thnh phn trong CSDL Access cho php thit k cc bng biu, bo
co c th in ra. Khc vi Form, Report ch c th truy xut d liu hin th m
khng c kh nng thay i d liu.
Cu trc Report gm c cc phn:
- Page Header v Page Footer: tng t nh Header v Footer ca Word.
- Report Header v Report Footer: phn ny dng hin th mi th dng
chung cho cc trang ca bo co. V d: tn bo co, ngy lp, ngi lp
- Report Detail: phn ny dng hin th cc ni dung c truy xut t
CSDL. V d: danh sch sinh vin ca Khoa Kinh t
8.2. S dng Report Wizard to bo co
Phn ny trnh by vic to bo co bng cch s dng Report Wizard.
V d: to mt bo co cho bng Khoa.
click chn Reports Create report by using wizard.

2

- Bc 2: Ti mc Tables/Queries chn Khoa

Vic chn table Khoa c ngha l gi tr ca cc ct trong bng Khoa s c s
dng hin th trn bo co.
Tng t nh khi to Form, Available Fields hin th cc trng ca bng Khoa,
Selected Fields hin th cc ct c chn hin th trong bo co. Nt (>) chn trng,
nt (>>) chn tt c cc trng, nt (<) loi b trng v nt (<<) loi b tt c
cc trng.
- Bc 3: Chn trng vo trong Selected Fields v click Next.

Trong giao din Grouping mun hin th d liu theo nhm gi tr ca trng no th
Add trng t danh sch bn tri hp thoi sang hp preview bn phi hp thoi.
V d: nu tin hnh grouping sinh vin theo MaKhoa th d liu hin th trn bo
co c dng nh sau:
MaSV HoSV TenSV NgaySinh GioiTinh HocBong
KT
5202 L Cng 21/5/11 Nam 200
5207 Nguyn Sn 17/7/10 N 800
CN
520 Ng Ha 16/8/10 Nam 200
5306 Hunh Nga 22/3/12 N 400
5308 Phm Trang 12/7/10 N 800
- Bc 4: Trong v d ny ch cn hin th mt danh sch chung nn khng cn
thit lp nhm bc ny. Click Next

Giao din ny cho php chn trng sp xp kt qu hin th trn bo co (cc
dng d liu trn bo co sp xp theo trng c chn).
Report wizard cho php ti a mc u tin sp xp d liu c nh s t n 4.
Trng no thit lp trc, s c u tin sp xp trc.Trong trng hp cc gi tr
trng trng nhau, Access s chuyn n cc mc tip theo sp xp. Kiu sp xp
(theo chiu tng hoc gim) c th thit lp khi nhn nt Ascending hoc Descending bn
cnh trng c chn.

- Bc 5: Chn TenKhoa v click Next.
Giao din ny cung cp 3 la chn b cc bo co (Layout) l: Columnar, Tabular,
J ustified v 2 cch b tr hng trang giy (Orentation) l: Portrait v Landscape. Mi ty
chn trn Access u cung cp hnh nh xem trc (Preview).

- Bc 6: Gi nguyn ty chn mc nh v click Next

Trong giao din ny Access cung cp danh sch cc phong cch (style) chn.

- Bc 7: Chn Formal v click Next.

- t tiu hin th cho Report, tiu ny cng s l tn ca Report (tuy nhin
tn Report c th c thay i ca s cc i tng CSDL m khng nh hng n
tiu Report).
- La chn Preview the report: hin th Report sau khi click Finish
- La chn Modify the reports design: m giao din Report Design chnh sa
Nu la chn hin th Report th

Xem 4 trang cng lc
Chuyn i ch
xem/sa bo co
Hin th trang cui cng Hin th trang u tin
Hin th trang trc

- Bc : Chnh sa bo co
Click Report Design.

Chnh sa ni dung bo co nh sau:

Chuyn qua ch View xem bo co

8.3. To bo co c phn nhm
Trong thc t c rt nhiu bo co hin th d liu theo tng nhm. V d: Hin th
danh sch sinh vin theo tng khoa, hin th danh sch hng c mua theo tng n t
hng... Microsoft Access cng h tr vic to ra cc bo co c phn nhm mt cch n
gin thng qua Report Wizard.
Phn ny minh ha vic to bo co hin th danh sch sinh vin theo tng khoa.

click chn Reports Create report by using wizard. Chn table
Khoa v sau chn ct TenKhoa.

Phn nhm
(Group header)
Detail

- Bc 2: Tip theo chn table SinhVien v cc trng MaSV, HoSV, TenSV,
NgaySinh, GioiTinh, HocBong.

- Bc 3: Trong giao din Grouping, ta chn nhm By Khoa ri click nt (>)

Trong khung Preview chng ta thy bo co s hin th MaSV, HoSV v TenSV theo
tng TenKhoa.
- Bc 4: Click Next

- Bc 5: Chn MaSV v click Next.

Giao din ny cung cp 6 la chn b cc bo co (Layout) v 2 cch b tr hng
trang giy (Orentation). Mi ty chn trn Access u cung cp hnh nh xem trc
(Preview).
- Bc 6: click Next chn Style l Corporate v click Next

- Bc : Nhp vo tn Report v nhn Finish

Chnh sa bo co nh sau:

Chuyn qua ch View xem bo co

Report Header: Xut hin duy nht trong trang
u tin ca bo co. (Report footer xut hin
duy nht trong trang cui ca bo co)
Page Header: Xut hin trong mi trang
ca bo co. (Page Footer cng tng t -
Ging nh header v footer trong Word)
TenKhoa Header: Xut
hin li khi d liu trong
nhm hin th ht
Report Detail: hin
th d liu trong bng
2

CHNG . BI TP THC HNH
9.1. Bi tp Qun l Sinh vin
To Database vi tn DaiHoc.mdb. Thc hin li bi tp hc trong phn l thuyt
v c s d liu DaiHoc nh sau:
1) Thit k c s d liu gm cc bng sau:
(Ch thc hin mi lin h gia cc bng v thit k lookup cho cc thuc tnh
kha ngoi)

Khoa(MaKhoa, TenKhoa)
Field Name Data Type Field Size Format Required
MaKhoa Text 2 > Yes
TenKhoa Text 50 Yes

SinhVien(MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, NgaySinh, GioiTinh, HocBong, MaKH)
MaSV Text 4 > Yes
HoSV Text 50 Yes
TenSV Text 0 Yes
NgaySinh Date/Time Short Date Yes
GioiTinh Yes/No Nam, N Yes
HocBong Number Long Integer Yes
MaKh Text 2 Yes

MonHoc(MaMH, TenMH, SoTinChi)
MaMH Text 3 > Yes
TenMH Text 50 Yes
SoTinChi Number byte Yes

LopHoc(MaLop, MaMH, HocKy, NamHoc, GiaoVien)
MaLop Text 2 > Yes
MaMH Text 3 Yes
HocKy Number byte Yes
NamHoc Number Long Integer Yes
GiaoVien Text 50 Yes

KetQua(MaSV, MaLop, Diem)
MaSV Text 4 > Yes
MaLop Text 2 > Yes
Diem Number Decimal

Mi lin h:

2) Nhp d liu cho cc bng theo hnh bn di

Khoa MonHoc
MaKhoa TenKhoa MaMH TenMH SoTinChi
CN Cng ngh Thng tin 02 Qun tr hc 2
KT Kinh t 207 Cu trc d liu 3
NN Ngoi ng 306 Tin hc c s 2
403 K ton ti chnh 3
SinhVien
5202 L Cng 2/5/99 Nam 200 KT
5207 Nguyn Sn 7/7/990 N 800 KT
5209 Ng Ha 6/8/990 Nam 200 CN
5306 Hunh Th Nga 22/3/992 N 400 CN
5308 Phm Th Trang 2/7/990 N 800 CN
LopHoc KetQua
MaLop MaMH HocKy NamHoc GiaoVien MaSV MaLop Diem
0 306 200 Tun 5202 0 4
02 403 200 Nga 5202 02 7
03 306 2 20 Sn 5202 03 8
04 207 200 Nam 5202 04 9
5207 02 8
5207 03 7
5209 0 5
5306 02 6
5306 04 8
5308 0 3
5308 02 9
5308 03 9

3) Thc hin cc cu truy vn sau:
Truy vn chn (Select Query)
1. Cho bit tn khoa ca sinh vin c m s 22. Lit k cc thng tin MaSV,
HoSV, TenSV, NgaySinh, TenKhoa.
2. Cho bit thng tin mn hc ca lp c m lp 2. Lit k cc thng tin MaLop,
MaMH, TenMH, SoTinChi, HocKy, NamHoc, GiaoVien.
3. Lit k cc sinh vin sinh nm v c hc bng trn 500.
4. Lit k cc sinh vin t mc hc bng t n 500
5. Lit k cc sinh vin c ngy sinh vo thng .
6. Lit k cc sinh vin c tn bt u l T hoc l K
7. Lit k nhng sinh N m h c cha ch Th gm cc thng tin: MaSV, HoSV,
TenSV
8. Cho bit nhng SV c ngy sinh t ngy n ngy gm
cc thng tin: MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, NgaySinh, HocBong.
9. Tng t nh cu nhng to ct HoTenSV thay cho hai ct HoSV v TenSV.
10. Hin th danh sch SV gm cc thng tin: MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, NamSinh, Tuoi
v Tuoi c sp xp gim dn. Bit rng Tuoi c tnh nh sau: Tuoi = nm
hin hnh nm sinh.
11. Hin th bng im cc sinh vin gm cc thng tin: MaSV, HoTenSV, TenMH,
Diem, KetQua. Bit rng nu Diem < 5 th KetQua = Rt, ngc li th KetQua =
u.
12. Hin th danh sch SV c tui t 2 n 2, thng tin gm: HoTenSV, Tuoi,
TenKhoa.
13. Cho bit hai sinh vin t mc hc bng cao nht.
14. Cho bit hai kt qu thi cao nht. Gm cc thng tin: HoSV, TenSV, TenMH,
NamHoc, HocKy, Diem.
15. Cho bit tn cc mn hc cha m lp
16. Cho bit tn ca cc khoa cha c sinh vin.
17. Lit k cc kt qu hc tp v cho bit thng tin sinh vin tng ng. Gm
MaSV, HoTenSV, MaLop, Diem.

Truy vn trn tng nhm (Group By Select Query)
18. Tnh s lng sinh vin v tng hc bng ca tng khoa. Gm MaKhoa,
TenKhoa, SoSV, TongHB.
19. Tnh s lng sinh vin n ca tng khoa.
20. Cho bit s s ca tng lp hc: gm MaLop, NamHoc, HocKy, TenMH, SiSo.
21. Tnh tng s tn ch v im trung bnh hc k nm 2 ca cc sinh vin.
Gm MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, TongTinChi, DiemTB

22. Cho bit h tn ca hai sinh vin c im trung bnh hc k nm 2 cao nht.
23. Cho bit h tn ca sinh vin n xut sc nht hc k nm 2.
24. Cho bit bng im tt c cc mn hc ca sinh vin c m s 22. (nu mt
mn hc 2 ln th chn im s cao nht). Gm: MaSV, HoSV, TenSV, TenMH,
SoTinChi, Diem.
25. Cho bit im cao nht ca mn hc Tin hc c s
Truy vn cho ( Crosstab query)
26. Cho bit s lng sinh vin ca tng Khoa theo tng gii tnh nam, n. Gm:
MaKhoa, TenKhoa, SoSVNu, SoSVNam.
27. Cho bit s lng sinh vin ca tng Khoa theo tng gii tnh nam, n. Gm:
MaKhoa, TenKhoa, SoSVNu, SoSVNam, TongSoSV.
28. Cho bit bng thng k im cui cng ca tng sinh vin theo tng mn hc nh
hnh bn di.
MaSV HoTen Cu trc d liu K ton ti chnh Tin hc c s
5202 L Cng
5308 Phm Trang

Truy vn thm xa sa
29. T bng SinhVien, KetQua, LopHoc, MonHoc hy to ra bng sau c tn
BangDiem_SV gm cc thng tin: MaSV, HoTenSV, TenMH, SoTinChi, Diem,
KetQua. Trong KetQua s l u nu Diem>= ngc li l Rt, v c
sp xp theo th t MaSV tng dn.
30. Hy to ra bng c tn Diem_TB_HK1_2010 gm cc thng tin: MaSV,
HoTenSV, SoTinChi, DiemTB. Bng ny lu s tn ch v im trung bnh ca
tng sinh vin trong hc k nm hc 2.
31. Tng thm hc bng cho cc SV khoa Cng ngh Thng tin mi ngi 2
32. Tng hc bng cho cc sinh vin n thm 50%.
33. Cng thm . im thi mn Tin hc c s cho nhng SV thi c im thp
hn .
34. Cng thm im cho mn K ton ti chnh cho SV thuc khoa Kinh t,
im ti a ca mn ny l .
35. Hy chuyn cc sinh vin ang hc khoa Kinh T sang khoa c m l CN
36. Xa tt c im thi ca cc sinh vin thuc khoa Cng ngh Thng tin thi
mn Tin hc c s.
37. Hy b kt qu ca cc lp hc trong hc k 2 nm 2.
Truy vn c tham s
38. Lit k cc sinh vin c hc bng cao hn gi tr nhp t bn phm.

Thc hin cc biu mu (Form) : Hy dng cng c Wizard to biu mu
1) To Form cho php nhp d liu vo bng Khoa, SinhVien, MonHoc

2) To Form Main-Sub Form cho php nhp d liu vo bng Lp Hc v nhp kt
qu cho cc sinh vin trong lp hc . Main-Form ly d liu t bng LopHoc v
Sub-Form ly d liu t Query 17

4) Dng Report Wizard to cc bo co sau:
1) Lp bo co danh sch cc mn hc.

2) Danh sch sinh vin theo tng khoa. Ly d liu t hai bng Khoa v SinhVien

3) Cho bit bng im ca lp hc c m s 2: D liu ly t Query 2 v Query

4) Bng im hc tp theo ca sinh vin c m s 22. Ly d liu t bng
SinhVien v Query 24.

9.2. Bi tp Qun l Bn hng
To file CSDL c tn l QLBH.MDB (Qun l bn hng)
1) Thit k c s d liu gm cc bng sau :
NhaCungCap(MaNhaCC, TenNhaCC)
Field Name Data Type Description Field Properties
MaNhaCC Text M nh cung cp Field size : 2
Input Mask : 00 Required : Yes
Indexed : Yes (No Duplicates)
TenNhaCC Text Tn nh cung cp Field size : 50
NhanVien(MaNV, HoNV, TenNV, GioiTinh, DienThoai, Luong)
MaNV Text M s nhn vin Field size : 2
HoNV Text H nhn vin Field size : 35
TenNV Text Tn nhn vin Field size : 10
GioiTinh Yes/No Format : ;Nam;Nu
Display control : TextBox
DienThoai Text S in thoi nhn vin Field size : 15
Luong Curency Lng ca nhn vin
KhachHang(MaKH, HoKH, TenKH, DiaChi, DienThoai)
MaKH Text M s khch hng Field size : 5
Input Mask : LL000 Required : Yes
HoKH Text H khch hng Field size : 35
TenKH Text Tn khch hng Field size : 0
DiaChi Text a ch khch hng Field size : 50
DienThoai Text in thoi khch hng Field size : 15
LoaiMH(MaLoaiMH, TenLoaiMH)
MaLoaiMH Text M loi mt hng Field size : 2
TenLoaiMH Text Tn loi mt hng Field size : 30

MatHang(MaMH, TenMH, DVT, MaLoaiHH, MaNhaCC)
MaMH Text M mt hng Field size : 2
Input Mask : 00
Required : Yes
Indexed : Yes (No Duplicates )
TenMH Text Tn mt hng Field size : 30
Required : Yes
DVT Text n v tnh Field size : 5
MaLoaiMH Text M loi mt hng Dng LOOKUP (lm tng t)
Row Source : LOAIMH
MaNhaCC Text M nh cung cp Dng LOOKUP (lm tng t)
Row Source : NHACUNGCAP
HoaDonBan(SoHDB, NgayBan, MaKH, MaNV)
SoHDB Text S ha n bn Field size : 4
Input Mask : L000 Required : Yes
NgayBan Date/Time Ngy bn Format : dd/mm/yy
Input Mask : 00/00/00
MaKH Text M khch hng Th Lookup :
Display Control : Combo Box
Row Source Type : Table/Query
Row Source : KHACHHANG
MaNV Text M nhn vin Dng LOOKUP (lm tng t )
Row Source : NHANVIEN
CTHDB(SoHDB, MaMH, SoLuong, DonGiaBan)
SoHDB Text S ha n bn Dng LOOKUP (lm tng t)
Row Source : HOADONBAN
MaMH Text M mt hng Dng LOOKUP (lm tng t)
Row Source : MATHANG
SoLuong Number S lng bn Field size : Long Integer
DonGiaBan Number n gi bn Field size : Long integer
2) Thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng cho

2

MaNhaCC TenNhaCC
0 Cty tr Thi Nguyn
02 Vn phng i din sa H Lan
03 Cty sa VinaMilk
04 Cty sa ng Khnh Ha
05 Cty nc gii kht Bn Thnh
06 Cng ty ru Bnh Ty
07 Ca hng bnh ngt Nha Trang
08 Cng ty Bia Bn Thnh
09 Ch m

3) Nhp d liu (tham kho)
NhanVien
MaNV HoNV TenNV GioiTinh DienThoai Luong
0 Nguyn Th Anh N 600000
02 L Th Anh N 09423456 700000
03 Nguyn Vn Hng Nam 800000
04 Vn Hong Nam 700000
05 L Th Minh N 700000
06 Nguyn Vn Li Nam 092456789 800000
07 Hong Th Lin N 500000

KhachHang
MaKH HoKH TenKH DiaChi DienThoai
KH001 Nguyn Th Minh Trang 12 Trn Ph, Nha Trang
KH002 L Cng Thnh Tr 34 Bc Sn, Nha Trang
KH003 Nguyn Vn Ngha 78 H Vn Hu, TpHCM 094235688
KH004 Vn B Ha 56 V Vn Tn, Nng 094246899
KH005 L Anh on Trn Nghip
KH006 Nguyn Bnh Nguyn nh Chiu
LoaiMH NhaCungCap
MaLoaiMH TenLoaiMH
0 Thc ung
02 Gia v
03 lm sn
04 B sa
05 Tri cy kh
06 Vi

MatHang
MaMH TenMH DVT MaLoaiMH MaNhaCC
0 Tr Lipton Gi 0 0
02 Nc khong Thanh Da Chai 0 05
03 Xc xch Cy 03 09
04 Lp xng Kg 03 09
05 Sa Lon 04 03
CTHDB HoaDonBan
SoHDB MaMH SoLuong DonGiaBan SoHDB MaKH MaNV NgayBan
B001 0 0 0000 B001 KH001 0 0/0/200
B002 02 200 3000 B002 KH002 02 08/03/200
B003 0 20 20000 B003 KH00 02 4/06/200
B003 03 70 7000 B004 KH003 03 2/06/200
B001 04 30 5000 B005 KH001 04 3/07/200
B004 05 70 7000 B006 KH003 04 /0/200
B002 04 30 5000 B007 KH004 04 2/2/200

4) Thc hin cc truy vn sau :
Truy vn chn (Select Query)
1. Lit k danh sch nhn vin bn hng c trong ca hng.
2. Lit k danh sch mt hng c trong ca hng (M MH, Tn MH, DVT, Tn loi MH).
3. Lit k danh sch nh cung cp hng ha cho ca hng (M nh cung cp, Tn nh
cung cp)
4. Lp danh sch cc khch hng mua hng t 2 n ngy 2 (M KH,
Tn KH, a ch, in thoi, Ngy mua hng), sp xp theo tn, nu tn trng nhau
th sp xp theo h.
5. Lp danh sch cc khch hng mua hng trong thng 6 nm 2 (M KH, Tn
KH, a ch, in thoi, Ngy mua hng).
6. Tm tn v a ch cc khch hng mua hng trc ngy 2, sp xp theo
ngy bn hng.
7. Tm tn v a ch cc khch hng mua hng vo ngy 2.
8. Lit k danh sch khch hng c k t u ca tn l H.
9. Lit k cc chi tit ha n vi cc thng tin b sung (S HD bn, Ngy bn, M
MH, Tn mt hng, S lng, n gi bn, Thnh tin).
Truy vn trn tng nhm (Group by)
10. Lit k danh sch cc ha n bn trong ca hng (S HD bn, Ngy bn, M
KH, H Tn KH, M NV, H tn NV, Thnh tin H).
11. Hy lit k ton b tn khch hng v tng s ho n ca mi khch hng.

12. Lit k cc mt hng cng vi tn loi MH, gi trung bnh, gi cao nht, gi thp nht khi
bn ra.
13. Nh cu 2 nhng ch i vi mt hng c tn Thc ung
14. Nh cu 2 nhng ch i vi mt hng c cung cp bi nh cung cp c tn
Ch m.
15. Lit k mi khch hng nu phn theo tng mt hng th t bao nhiu mt hng.
16. Nh cu nhng ch quan tm n khch hng c tn l Anh.
17. Thng k mi khch hng c bao nhiu ha n trc ngy 2.
18. Lp danh sch cc khch hng mua cc mt hng no, s lng bao nhiu trong
khong thi gian t 2 n 26/11/20.
19. Tnh s lng v s tin bn hng ca tng mt hng trong thng u nm 2.
20. Tnh tng s tin bn hng theo tng loi mt hng.
21. Tnh s tin bn hng ca tng loi mt hng trong thng u nm 2.
22. Thng k s tin bn hng theo thng, theo qu, theo nm (to tng query).
23. Hin th thng tin 2 khch hng c s tin mua hng cao nht.
Truy vn c tham s (Parameter query)
24. Lit k H, tn khch hng v tng s ha n ca khch hng vi tn nhp t bn
phm.
25. Lit k cc thng tin v nhn vin vi m nhn vin c nhp t bn phm.
26. Lp danh sch cc khch hng mua hng trong khong thi gian t ngy x n ngy y
(vi x, y c nhp t bn phm) (M KH, HTn KH, a ch, in thoi).
27. Thc hin li cu s 10 ch hin th mt ha n vi s ha n nhp t bn phm.
28. Lp danh sch cc khch hng mua cc mt hng, s lng bao nhiu trong
khong thi gian t ngy x n ngy y (vi x, y c nhp t bn phm).
Truy vn cho ( Crosstab query)
29. Thng k cc khch hng mua cc mt hng ha no vi s lng bao nhiu.
30. Tnh s tin bn hng cho mi khch hng trong tng qu nm 2.
31. Tnh s tin bn hng ca khch hng c tn l Anh trong tng qu nm 2.
Truy vn thm, xa, sa
32. To mt bng mi gm cc hng ha c m s ca nh cung cp l 2.
33. Xa cc bn ghi ca bng HANGHOA do nh cung cp c m s l 2 cung cp.
34. Thm li cc bn ghi b xa t bn HANGHOA bi bng to ra cu 2.
35. Gim gi 10% cc mt hng bn do nh cung cp c m s l cung cp.
36. Tng lng cho cc nhn vin l n.
37. i k hin B trong s ha n ca tt c cc ha n thnh H. V d B
thnh H. (ch mi lin h gia HoaDonBan v CTHDB phi l Cascade
Update).
Truy vn khc:

38. Tnh s tin phi tr ca cc khch hng mua hng t ngy 1/4/2 n ngy
2. Bit rng : Nu s tin > 2 th c gim i .
39. Lit k nhng nhn vin khng tham gia bn hng trong thi gian qua.
40. Lit k nhng mt hng cha bn c trong thi gian qua.
5) Thc hin cc biu mu (Form) : Hy dng cng c Wizard to biu mu
1. To cc biu mu cho bng NhanVien, KhachHang, MatHang
V d form NhanVien.

Thao tc: Nhp mi mt s nhn vin v quan st s thay i ca d liu trong
bng NhanVien.
2. To biu mu Loi Mt Hng dng MainSub Form. Trong Form chnh : bng
LoaiMatHang, Form ph : bng MatHang.

Thao tc: Nhp mi mt s loi mt hng v mt s mt hng, quan st s thay i
ca d liu trong bng LoaiMH v MatHang.

3. To biu mu Ha n Bn dng MainSub Form theo di chi tit n t
hng. Trong Form chnh : bng Query 10, Form ph : Query 9.

Thao tc: B sung thm mt s chi tit bn cho ha n, quan st s thay i ca
s tin tng cng ha n
6) Thc hin cc bo co (Report): Hy dng cng c Wizard to bo co
1. Lp bo co hin th danh sch mt hng.

2. To report Ha n Bn in c ha n ra giy, s dng d liu t Query 2,
v Query 9.

3. Lp bo co Danh Sch Nhn Vin Bn Hng theo di qu trnh bn hng ca
nhn vin. D liu ly t bng NhanVien v Query 10.

4. Lp bo co Tng Hp Bn Hng theo di doanh s tng mt hng. D liu ly
t bng MatHang v Query 9.

9.3. Bi tp Qun l Th vin
To file CSDL c tn l ThuVien.mdb
LoaiSach(MaLoaiSach, TenLoaiSach, ThoiHanMuon)
MaLS Text M loi sch Field size : 2
Required : Yes
TenLoaiSach Text Tn loi sch Field size : 50
ThoiHanMuon Number S ngy c mn ca
sch thuc loi ny
Field size: Long Integer
Sach(MaSach, TenSach, MaLS, TacGia, SoTrang, GiaBia, SoDauSach)
MaSach Text M s ca sch Field size : 4
TenSach Text Tn sch Field size : 00
MaLS Text M loi sch FieldSize: 2
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : LoaiSach
TacGia Text Tn cc tc gi vit sch Field size : 100
SoTrang Number S trang ca quyn sch Field size: Long Integer
GiaBia Number Gi ba ca sch Field size: Long Integer
SoDauSach Text S bn sch th vin mua Field size: Long Integer
DocGia(MaDG, HoTenDG, NgaySinh, DiaChi, DienThoai)
MaDG Text M s c gi Field size : 5
Input Mask : LL000 Required : Yes
HoTenDG Text H tn c gi Field size : 50
NgaySinh DateTime Ngy sinh
DiaChi Text a ch c gi Field size : 00
DienThoai Text in thoi c gi Field size : 15

PhieuMuon(MaPhieu, NgayMuon, NgayTra, MaDG)
MaPhieu Text M phiu Field size : 4
Input Mask : L000
Required : Yes
Indexed : Yes (No Duplicates )
NgayMuon DateTime Ngy mn sch Required: Yes
NgayTra DateTime Ngy tr sch (nu
bng NULL ngha l
cha tr sch)
Required: No
MaDG Text M c gi FieldSize: 5
Dng LOOKUP, Row Source : DocGia
ChiTietPM(MaPhieu, MaSach)
MaPhieu Text M phiu mn Field size : 4
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : PhieuMuon
MaSach Text M sch mn Field size : 4
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : Sach
3) Nhp d liu cho cc bng
LoaiSach
MaLS TenLoaiSach ThoiHanMuon
VH Vn hc 0
KT Kinh t 20
KH Khoa hc k thut 5
DS i sng 0

Sach
MaSach TenSach MaLS TacGia SoTrang GiaBia SoDauSach
00 t phng nam VH Sn Nam 300 20000 5
002 Thi xa vng VH L Lu 400 50000 0
003 Nhm mt thy Paris VH Dng Thy 250 45000 5
020 Microsoft Access KH Thin Tm 200 30000 20
030 Chin lc i dng xanh KT Mauborgne 370 55000 25
040 i thay i khi chng
ta thay i
DS Mathews 220 32000 30

DocGia
MaDG HoTenDG NgaySinh DiaChi DienThoai
DG00 L Hong Anh 2/0/99 20 Trn Ph Q2
DG002 Mai Xun Thy 30/07/985 22 Ng Quyn Q5
DG003 Nguyn Hng Nam 5/06/987 55 Trn Hng o 094235688
DG004 L Bch Phng 08/03/990 23 Trn Ph 094246899
DG005 Nguyn Xun Sn 23/07/989 0 L thng Kit

PhieuMuon
MaPhieu NgayMuon NgayTra MaDG
P001 2/0/200 20/2/200 DG002
P002 22/0/20 DG001
P003 7/0/200 25/0/200 DG001
P004 03//200 DG003
P005 03/2/200 DG004
P006 0/02/20 20/02/20 DG00
ChiTietPM
MaPhieu MaSach
P001 00
P00 002
P002 020
P002 030
P003 002
P004 030
P005 003
P006 00

1. Cho bit cc quyn sch m c gi L Hong Anh mn.
2. Khi mn sch, nu sch c tr gi trn . th c gi phi t cc 20% gi ba.
Hy cho bit s tin t cc ca tt c cc cun sch c mn trong nm 2.
Gm: MaPhieu, NgayMuon, MaSach, TenSach, GiaBia, TienCuoc.
3. Lit k cc cun sch ang c mn cha tr. (MaDG, TenDG, MaSach, TenSach,
NgayMuon)
4. Lit k cc quyn sch hm nay qu hn tr nhng c gi cha tr. Cho bit s ngy
tr hn (MaDG, TenDG, MaSach, TenSach, NgayMuon, SoNgayTre)
5. Khi tr sch tr qu hn, c gi s b pht 5.000 cho mi ngy tr hn ca mi cun
sch. Tnh s tin b pht ca phiu mn P.
6. Hy cho bit s lng ang mn v s lng trong kho ca quyn sch t
phng nam (TenSach, SoDauSach, SoLuongMuon, SoLuongCon)
7. Tnh tng s tin t cc trong thng 10 nm 2 (tin t cc c gi np vo
ngy mn sch)
2

8. Tnh tng s tin pht trong thng nm 2 (tin pht c gi np vo ngy tr
sch)
9. Thng k s ln mn sch ca tng c gi trong tng thng nm 210 (crosstab)
10. Cho bit tn hai cun sch c mnar nhiu ln nht trong nm 2.
11. Cho bit tn c gi mn nhiu sch nht trong nm 2
12. Cho bit tn cc c gi mn hai cun sch tr ln.
13. Lit k cc quyn sch cha c mn ln no.
1. To cc biu mu cho bng LoaiSach, Sach, DocGia

2. To biu mu Phiu Mn dng MainSub Form theo di chi tit phiu mn.

1. Lp bo co bng Sach.

2. To report Phiu mn in c phiu mn ra giy

9.4. Bi tp 4 Qun l D n
To file CSDL c tn l DuAn.mdb
PhongBan(MaPB, TenPB, MaTruongPhong)
MaPB Text M phng ban Field size : 2
Required : Yes
TenPhongBan Text Tn phng ban Field size : 50
MaTruongPhong Number M nhn vin ca
trng phng
Field size: 3
Required : No
LOOKUP Row Source : NhanVien
NhanVien(MaNV, HoNV, TenNV, NgayVaoLam, Luong, MaPB)
MaNV Text M s nhn vin Field size : 4
HoNV Text H nhn vin Field size : 50
TenNV Text Tn nhn vin Field size : 0
GioiTinh Yes/No Gii tnh nhn vin Format: ;Nam;N
NgayVaoLam DateTime Ngy nhn vin vo lm
vic ti cng ty

Luong Number Lng nhn vin FieldSize: Decimal
MaPB Text M phng ban ca nhn
vin
FieldSize: 2
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : PhongBan
DuAn(MaDA, TenDA, DiaDiem, NgayBD, MaPB)
MaDA Text M s d n Field size : 3
Input Mask : L00 Required : Yes
TenDA Text Tn d n Field size : 50
DiaDiem Text a im thc hin d
n
Field size : 50
NgayBD DateTime Ngy bt u d n
MaPB Text M phng ban qun l
d n
Field size : 2
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : PhongBan

PhanCong(MaDA, MaNV, SoGio)
MaDA Text M d n Field size : 3
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : DuAn
MaNV Text M nhn vin FieldSize: 4
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : NhanVien
SoGio Number S gi nhn vin c phn
cng thc hin d n
FieldSize:
Decimal, Scale:18, Precision:1
ThanNhan(MaNV, TenThanNhan, NgaySinh, QuanHe)
MaNV Text M nhn vin FieldSize: 4
Dng LOOKUP
Row Source : NhanVien
TenThanNhan Text Tn thn nhn ca
nhn vin
Field size : 50

NgaySinh DateTime Ngy sinh ca thn
nhn

QuanHe Text Mi quan h ca thn
nhn v nhn vin
Field size : 30

3) Nhp d liu cho cc bng
PhongBan (ch : m trng phng nhp sau khi nhp thng tin nhn vin)
MaPB TenPB MaTruongPhong
KT K ton V04
KD Kinh doanh N01
PX Phn xng N05

NhanVien
MaNV HoNV TenNV GioiTinh NgayVaoLam Luong MaPB
N01 Hoi Nam Nam 2/0/99 3000000 KD
V02 Bnh Phng N 30/07/985 4000000 KT
N03 M Ha Nam 5/06/987 5000000 KD
V04 Phng Anh N 08/03/990 5000000 KT
N05 Sn Thy N 23/07/989 4500000 PX

DuAn
MaDA TenDA DiaDiem NgayBD MaPB
D1 H Con Ra Si Gn 27/03/20 KD
D2 Cha Ty Phng H Ni 0/06/2009 KD
D3 Cha Linh Sn Nha Trang 6/08/20 KD
D4 Dinh Bo i Nha Trang 22/0/200 KT
D5 Cha Thy H Ni 23/05/200 KT

PhanCong
MaDA MaNV SoGio
D1 N01 2
D1 N03 5
D2 N01 6
D2 V02 8
D3 V02 0
D3 V04 7
D3 N01 9
D4 N03 4

ThanNhan
MaNV TenThanNhan NgaySinh QuanHe
N01 Nam 2/0/990 Con gi
N01 Quc 22/0/98 Con trai
V02 Sn 7/0/200 V chng
N03 H 03//998 Con gi
V04 Vit 03/2/2002 Con trai
V04 Nam 0/02/985 V chng
1. Tm cc nhn vin lng t hn .. Phng Kinh doanh hoc t hn
.. Phng K ton.
2. Lit k cc phng ban v tn trng phng ca tng phng ban (h tn y ).
3. Tm tn nhng n nhn vin v tn ngi thn ca h.
4. Lit k cc n "Nha Trang" cng vi tn phng ban ch tr n, h tn
trng phng v ngy vo lm ca ngi y.
5. Vi mi nhn vin, cho bit h tn nhn vin v h tn trng phng ca phng
ban m nhn vin lm vic.
6. Lit k nhng nhn vin v tn n m nhn vin tham gia, vi iu kin n
do mt phng ban khc qun l.
7. Vi mi n thc hin ti Nha Trang, lit k tn n v tng s gi lm vic ca
tt c cc nhn vin tham d n .
8. Vi cc phng ban c mc lng trung bnh trn ..000, lit k tn phng ban
v s lng nhn vin ca phng ban .

9. Cho bit lng trung bnh ca tt c cc n nhn vin.
10. Vi mi gi lm vic cho d n, mt nhn vin s c thng 1% tin lng.
Tnh s tin thng ca tng nhn vin.
11. Vi mi gi lm vic cho d n, mt nhn vin m c thn nhn s c thng
2% tin lng. Tnh s tin thng ca cc nhn vin ny.
12. Tnh s tin thng ca tng nhn vin theo tng d n (crosstab).
1. To cc biu mu dng columnar cho bng PhongBan, DuAn
2. To biu mu Main/Sub Form cho bng NhanVien (main) v ThanNhan (sub)
3. To biu mu Main/Sub Form cho bng DuAn (main) v NhanVien (sub)
1. Lp bo co bng NhanVien.
2. Lp bo co thng k cc d n, mi d n c nhng nhn vin no tham gia vi s
gi l bao nhiu.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] C s d liu 1 - Nguyn c Thun - Trng i hc Nha Trang, 2009.
[2] H qun tr CSDL Access - Nguyn Qunh Dip - Khoa CNTT Trng i
hc S Phm H ni, 2007.
[3] Gio Trnh Microsoft Access 2003 tp 1 - Nguyn Thin Tm - i hc Quc
gia TP. H Ch Minh, 2008.
[4] Fundamental of Database System 4
th
Edition Elmasri, Navathe - Addison
Wesley, 2003.

GT Tinhocungdung

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GT Tinhocungdung

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRNG I HC NHA TRANG

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

= { 5202 , Cng , 333 , 2/5/99 , 500 }

i din cho mt i tng sinh vin c th.

= Cng tng ng vi thuc tnh A

l HoTen cho bit HoTen ca

You might also like