How is the Periodic Table Separated?

Objective- Understanding the Periodic

Table
Metals, Non-Metals( Gases),
Metalloids, Rows(Periods) and
Columns (Groups)

Do Now-9/12/14
What does Periodic Mean?
The word "periodic"
means that there is a
repeating pattern --
that is, the properties
of the elements
repeat with each row
-- or period -- of the
table.

How to Read the Periodic Table
First, let's look at the columns (groups) and
rows(periods) of the periodic table.

Groups or Families

The vertical
columns of the
periodic table
(there are 18) are
called groups or
families
Elements in the
same group or family
have similar but not
identical
characteristics


Periods

The horizontal rows of
the periodic table are
called periods
Elements in a period are
not alike in properties
As a rule, the first
element in a period is
usually an active solid,
and the last element in a
period is always an
inactive gas

Atomic size decreases
from left to right across a
period, but atomic
mass increases from
left to right across a
period.
Atoms on the left of the
period therefore, are
usually larger and
more lightweight than
the smaller, heavier
atoms on the right of the
period.

Think Inside the Box

When you look at the
periodic table, you
should notice that each
box represents a
different element, and
each box contains vital
information about the
element, including its
name, symbol, atomic
number, and atomic
mass

Do Now: Explain how the periodic table is broke
Down?
Period, Groups, Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids
Objective: SWBAT to understand how the periodic table
is constructed


9/15/14
Think inside the Box
The top number is the
atomic number.
Every element has its own
unique atomic number.
The atomic number tells
how many protons are in
one atom of that element. It
also tells us how many
electrons
Since no two elements have
the same atomic number, no
two elements have the same
number of protons.

Think Inside the Box
The large letter is
the element's
symbol.
Each element has its
own unique symbol
and name.

Think Inside the Box
Below the symbol is
the element's
atomic mass
The atomic mass, is
the total number of
protons and
neutrons
Metals, Non Metals and Metalloids

Metals, Non metals and Metalloids
Most periodic tables
contain a stair step line
which allows you to
identify which elements
are metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids. (in this
table its the purple
boxes)
Metals

Most elements are
metals 88 elements
to the left of the stair
step line are metals
or metal like
elements

Characteristics of Metals
Physical Properties of
Metals:
Luster (shininess)
Good conductors of heat
and electricity
High density (heavy for
their size)
High melting point
Ductile (most metals can
be drawn out into thin
wires)
Malleable (most metals can
be hammered into thin
sheets)

Characteristics of Metals
Chemical Properties of
Metals:
Easily lose electrons
Corrode easily.
Corrosion is a gradual
wearing away.
(Example: silver
tarnishing and iron
rusting)

What are the Physical and Chemical characteristics of
Metal

SWBAT: Understanding the elements that make up
the periodic table
Do Now-9/17/14

Alkali Metals- Group 1 of the periodic table

They react with other elements by losing one electron . These elements are so reactive they
are never found as an uncombined metal in nature, they are found as only compounds

They react vigorously with water to produce hydroxides and release hydrogen. Their
chemical activity increases as you move downward through the periods from Li to Na to K,
etc.

Alkali metals tend to lose one electron and form ions with a single positive charge.

A few important ones include Potassium- found in bananas and other foods, Sodium-
compounds are found in seawater and table salt (NaCl) and Lithium-which is used in
batteries
Alkali metal
Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2
Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium,
Strontium, Barium, Radium (group 2)
Fairly hard composition
Good conductors of electricity
They are only found in nature as a
compound
Calcium-essential for bones and
muscles
Magnesium- Found in ladders,
airplane parts and car wheels
Transition Metals

Periods 3-12
They include iron, copper,
nickel, silver and gold
Most are shiny and hard
They make colorful compounds
And all are good conductors of
electricity

They are less reactive than the
first 2 periods .
Thats why these types of
metals look good even when
very old
We would not survive with Iron
( it forms the core of a molecule
called hemoglobin which
carries oxygen in our
bloodstream)
Non Metals
Nonmetals are found
to the right of the
stair step line. Their
characteristics are
opposite those of
metals.
Characteristics of Non-Metals
Physical Properties of
Nonmetals:
No luster (dull
appearance)
Poor conductor of heat
and electricity
Brittle (breaks easily)
Not ductile
Not malleable
Low density
Low melting point

Characteristics of Non-Metals
Chemical
Properties of
Nonmetals:
Tend to gain
electrons
Non -Metals
The 10 out of the 16 of non-
metals are Gases at room
temperature
The air we breathe is mostly a
mixture of two nonmetals
Nitrogen(N) and Oxygen (O)
Carbon, Iodine and Sulfur are
solids at room temperature
Bromine is the only one that is
a liquid



The Carbon Family
Each element has atoms
that can gain, lose or
share four electrons
In Group 14, Carbon is the
only non metal
Compounds made of
molecules containing
long chains of carbon
atoms are found in all
living things
Nitrogen Family
Group 15 contains two non-metals, nitrogen and
phosphorus
The atmosphere is almost 80% Nitrogen (N
2
)
Nitrogen is an example of an element that occurs in
nature in the form of DIATOMIC MOLECULES N
2
A Diatomic molecule- consists of two atoms
Living things need nitrogen all though most arent able to
use it from the air, however certain bacteria can use this
nitrogen to form compounds in a process called Nitrogen
Fixation this is how plants can take up nitrogen
compounds in the soil. Also fertilizers are full of Nitrogen
compounds
Halogen Families
Group 17 Contains Fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, iodine and
astatine
These elements are also known
as Halogens- which means
salt forming
All but Astatine are non-metals
All Halogens are very reactive
and the uncombined elements
are dangerous to humans
Fluorine is so reactive that it
reacts with almost every other
known substance .
Even water will burn in fluorine
Chlorine gas is extremely
dangerous but it is used in very
small amounts in water
supplies to kill bacterias

The Noble Gases
Alone in the upper left
corner of the periodic table

It makes up 90% of the
atoms in the Universe

But only 1% of the Earths
crust

Group 18 is known as the
Noble gases
They are usually unreactive
Helium and Neon are the most
famous ones
Helium was discovered when a
Scientist was studying the Sun
Neon is found in many
electrical glowing signs

Hydrogen
Metalloids

Properties of Metalloids
Physical Properties of
Metalloids:
Solids
Can be shiny or dull
Ductile (elastic)
Malleable (flexible)
Conduct heat and
electricity better than
nonmetals but not as
well as metals

Review
Table consists of
different Elements
Elements are made of
atoms
The Periodic table is
made out of Groups and
families (up and down)
The periodic table is
made out of periods (left
to right)
There are metals, non
metals and metalloids

A little more Review!

Tell me one Metal, one Non-metal
(gases) and one Metalloid
On your way out!