THE PARTICLE

NATURE OF
MATTER
 STATES OF
MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS

maintains a adapts to the shape no fixed shape

fixed volume of its container but
varies only slightly
and no fixed
and shape volume
in volume
KINETIC PARTICLE
THEORY
• All matter is made up of particles that are
in constant random motion.

• The greater the energy absorbed, the

faster the particles will be in motion. This
is known as kinetic energy.
PARTICLE ARRANGEMENTS
Solid substances are closely packed particles.
SOLID

Liquid substances have bigger spaces between

particles.
LIQUID

Gaseous substances are particles that are very far

apart.
GAS
PARTICLE MOTION
Solid substances can vibrate slowly.
SOLID

Liquid substances can move faster than that of

solid particles.
LIQUID

Gaseous substances can move the fastest and in

constant random motion.
GAS
PARTICLE ENERGIES
Solid substances have the lowest kinetic energy.
SOLID

Liquid substances have higher kinetic energy

than solids.
LIQUID

Gaseous substances have the highest kinetic

energy.
GAS
KINETIC ENERGY
• Particles move according to the energy
they absorb.
• Higher kinetic energy means faster
movement.
• Faster movement breaks attractive
forces.
 PHASE
CHANGE
PHASE CHANGE
• Matter can change from one phase to
another.
• Energy absorption or release can vary the
temperature and eventually change the
phase of matter.
PHASE CHANGE
• Energy absorption can break attractive
forces between particles and increase the
space in between.
• Energy release can get the particles
together and make attractive forces
stronger.
PHASE CHANGE
• Specific temperatures can signal the
phase change that is happening to
matter.
○ Melting Point: solid to liquid
○ Boiling Point: liquid to gas
○ Freezing Point: liquid to solid
○ Sublimation Point: solid to gas and vice versa
 SUBLIMATION

Evaporation or
MELTING Boiling

FREEZING CONDENSATION

DEPOSITION
 MELTING
INCREASING TEMPERATURE
 EVAPORATION
INCREASING TEMPERATURE
 FREEZING
DECREASING TEMPERATURE
 CONDENSATION
DECREASING TEMPERATURE
1 Matter can exist as solid, liquid and gas.

The kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of

2 particles that are in constant random motion. This explains the
differences in properties of the states of matter.

Solids have lowest kinetic energy and the particles are very close
3 to each other.
Liquids have higher kinetic energy and bigger spaces between
4 particles than solids.
Gases have the highest kinetic energy and the particles are very far
5 apart from each other.
 Energy absorbed will increase the temperature and increase the
6 kinetic energy.

Energy released will decrease the kinetic energy and the particles
7 will slow down and attract one another.

Melting, evaporation, and sublimation are energy absorbing

8 processes. Freezing, condensation, and deposition are energy
releasing processes.