ECIV 320 Structural Analysis I

Influence Lines
LAST TIME
ANALYSIS OF FORCES DUE TO
LIVE LOADS

Live or Moving Loads
Variable point of Application
Temporary Loads
Common Structures
Bridges
Industrial Crane Rails
Conveyors
Floor Girders
any other structure where
loads move across its
span
INFLUENCE LINES
Variation of

Reaction, Shear, Moment or
Deflection

at a SPECIFIC POINT

due to a concentrated force
moving on member
LAST TIME
Procedures
Tabulate Values
Place UNIT LOAD at a number of fixed locations
Perform a series of static analyses to determine the value
of reaction/shear/moment/deflection at the specific point.
Tabulate Values
Influence Line Equations
Place UNIT LOAD at a variable location x
Perform a static analysis to determine the function
of reaction/shear/moment/deflection at the specific
point as a function of x.
LAST TIME
HINTS:

Beware of Points of Discontinuities

Influence lines of statically determinate beams consist of straight line
segments

Place unit load at points representing the end points of these segments
Qualitative Influence Lines
Muller-Breslau Principle
Influence Line for a function is to the same scale as the
deflected shape of the beam when the beam is acted upon
by the function
Qualitative Influence Lines
Qualitative Influence Lines
Influence Lines for Beams
Concentrated Loads
Distributed Loads
Live Loads for Highway BRIDGES
Caused by Traffic
Heaviest: Series of Trucks
Specifications: AASHTO
American Association of State and
Highway Transportation Officials
Load Desigantions
H 15-44 HS 20-44
2 Axle Truck
15 Tons (10-20)
Year of
Specifications
20 Tons
2 Axle Truck &
1 Axle Semitrailer
Year of
Specifications
Simplification: Uniform Load plus a Concnetrated force placed at critical
locations
Live Loads for Railroad BRIDGES
Specifications: AREA
American Railroad Engineers
Associations
Load Desigantions
E-72
Devised by
Theodore Cooper
1894
Loading on Driving
Axle
M-72
Devised by D.B.
Steinman
Loading on Driving
Axle
Impact Loads
Moving Vehicles Bounce as they move over Bridge
=> Impact Loads
Calculated as % of Live Loads - Impact Factor I
125
50

L
I
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Shear
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Shear
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Shear
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Shear
125 . 0 25 . 5 375 . 5
2 1


V
875 . 2 375 . 5 5 . 2
3 2


V
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Shear
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Shear
To compute change

1 2
x x Ps V
Sloping Line

1 2
y y P V
Jump
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Moment
Maximum Influence due to a Series of Concentrated
Loads - Moment

1 2
x x Ps M
Sloping Line