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INVERS MATRIK
PRAYUDI STT PLN
Contoh ; AB = BA = I
1 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 0 0
2 3 4 0 3 2 0 3 2 2 3 4 0 1 0
1 1 1
1 1 3 5 6 0 0 1
3 5 6 1
adj(A)
det(A)
Kasus, n = 2 : maka
dimana,
...
...
...
C1n C2n C3n
Cij ( 1)i j M ij
... Cn1
... Cn 2
... Cn 3
... ...
... Cnn 1
A
a11 a12
A
a21 a22
a22 a12
1
a11a22 a12 a21 a21 a11
Kasus, n = 3
a11 a12
A a 21 a 22
a 31 a 32
a13
a 23
a 33
C11 C 21 C31
1
A -1
C12 C 22 C32
det(A)
C13 C 23 C33
M11
1
- M12
det(A)
M13
- M21
M22
- M23
M31
- M32
M33
CONTOH :
2 3 4
A 3 4 5
4 5 5
det(A)= 1
3 4 3 4
4 5
5 5 -5 5 4 5
2 4
1 3 5 2 4
A -1
(1) 4 5 4 5
3 5
3
4
2
3
2
3
4 5
4 5 3 4
(20 - 25) - (15 - 20) (15 - 16)
- (15 - 20) (10 - 16) - (10 - 12)
(8 - 9)
(15 - 16) - (10 - 12)
- 5 5 - 1
5 -6 2
- 1 2 - 1
KASUS : n = 4
a11
a
21
A
a31
a 41
a12
a 22
a13
a 23
a32
a33
a 42
a 43
a14
a 24
a34
a 44
M11
1 - M12
-1
A
det(A) M13
- M14
CONTOH :
Hitunglah invers matrik berikut ini :
1
2
A
3
2
3
5
6
3
5
7
8
4
5
Ekspansi baris -1 :
det(a)=M11-2M12+3M13-4M14
=-10 2(5) + 3(9) 4(2)= 1
- M21
M22
M31
- M32
- M23
M33
M24
- M34
- M41
M42
- M43
M44
Ekspansi baris-2 :
det(A)=-2M21+3M22-5M23+5M24
=-2(-6) 3(4) + 5(-6) 5(-1)= 1
Ekspansi baris-3 :
det(A)=3M31-5M32+7M33-4M34
=3(-8) 5(3) + 7(6) 4(1)= 1
Ekspansi baris-4 :
det(A)=-3M41+6M42-8M43+6M44
=-3(-7) +6(2) - 8(5) + 6(1)= 1
a11 a12
a
a
21 22
...
...
an1 an 2
...
...
aii
...
a1n 1 0
a2n 0 1
... ... ...
ann 0 0
b11 b12
b
21 b22
1
Jadi, A
...
...
bn1 bn 2
...
...
bii
...
0
0
1 ...
0 1
0
0
b1n
b2n
...
bnn
1 0
0 1
... ...
0 0
0 0 b11 b12
0 0 b21 b22
...
1 ... ...
0 1 bn1 bn 2
...
...
bii
...
b1n
b2n
...
bnn
CONTOH :
M.Asal
2
3
3
4
4
5
Iterasi-1
1 1.5
0 -0.5
0
-1
Iterasi-2
1 1.5
0
1
0
0
Iterasi-3
1 1.5
0
1
0
0
4
5
5
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2 0.5
-1 -1.5
-3
-2
0
1
0
0 H1=(1/a11)H1
0 H2=H2-(a21/a11)H1
1 H3=H3-(a31/a11)H1
0
0 H2=(1/a22)H2
1 H3=H3-(a32/a22)H2
2
2
-1
0.5
3
1
0
-2
-2
2
2
1
0.5
3
-1
0
-2
2
0
0
-1 H3=(1/a33)H3
Lanjutan :
Iterasi-4
1 1.5
0
1
0
0
Iterasi-5
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
2.5
5
-1
-4
-6
2
2 H1=H1-(a13/a33)H3
2 H2=H2-(a23/a33)H3
-1
0
0
1
-5
5
-1
5
-6
2
-1 H1=H1-(a12/a22)H2
2
-1
- 5 5 - 1
Jadi, A -1 5 - 6 2
- 1 2 - 1
Matrik Awal
1
2
2
3
3
5
3
6
Iterasi - 1
1 2
0 -1
0 -1
0 0
Iterasi - 2
1
0
0
0
Iterasi-4
1
0
0
0
3
5
7
8
4
5
4
6
3 4
-1 -3
-2 -8
-1 -6
2
1
0
0
3 4
1 3
-1 -5
-1 -6
2
1
0
0
3 4
1 3
1 5
0 -1
1
0
0
0
1
-2
-3
-3
1
2
-1
-3
1
2
1
-2
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
-1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
-1
-1
0
0
0
1
H1=(1/a11)H1
H2=H2-(a21/a11)H1
H3=H3-(a21/a11)H1
H4=H4-(a41/a11)H1
0
0 H2=(1/a22)H2
0 H3=H3-(a32/a22)H2
1 H4=H4-(a42/a22)H2
0
0
0 H3=(1/a33)H3
1 H4=H4-(a43/a33)H3
Iterasi-5
1 2
0 1
0 0
0 0
Iterasi-6
1 2
0 1
0 0
0 0
Iterasi-7
1 2
0 1
0 0
0 0
Iterasi-8
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
1
1
0
4
3
5
1
3
1
1
0
0 -7 4 -4 4 H1=H1-a14*H4
0 -4 2 -3 3 H2=H2-a24*H4
0 -9 6 -6 5 H3=H3-a34*H4
1 2 -1 1 -1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1 0 0 0
2 -1 0 0
1 1 -1 0
2 -1 1 -1 H4=(1/a44)H4
0 10 -6 8 -7 H1=H1-a12*H2
0 5 -4 3 -2
0 -9 6 -6 5
1 2 -1 1 -1
10 - 6 8 - 7
5 - 4 3 - 2
- 9 6 - 6 5
2
1
1
1
0
0
...
N
...
0
k .i
identitas I.
0
0
...
N
...
1
k .i
(3). Akibatnya, jika :
a1,i / aii dimana :
EkEk1Ek2 E2E1A = I,
maka,
...
N k ,i E i 1E i 2 ...E1IAi
1
A = EkEk1Ek2 E2E1
N k ,i 1/ aii
...
an,i / aii
CONTOH
Hitung invers matrik A
2 3 4
A 3 4 5
4 5 5
Jawab :
Menghitung E1
2
3
4
A1 3 ; A 2 4; A 3 5
4
5
5
0 0
1/a11
E1 - a 21/a11 1 0
- a 31/a11 0 1
0.5 0 0
- 1.5 1 0
- 2 0 1
Menghitung E2
0.5 0 0 3 1.5
N2 E1A 2 - 1.5 1 0 4 - 0.5
- 2 0 1 5 - 1
1 - 1.5/ - 0.5 0 1 3 0
E 2 0
1/ - 0.5
0 0 - 2 0
0 - (-1)/(-0.5) 1 0 - 2 1
1
E 2E1 0
0
- 4
3
3
-2
-2
3
-2
-2
0 0.5 0 0
0 - 1.5 1 0
1 2
0 1
0
0
1 - 2 1 5 - 1
1 0 - (-1)/(-1) 1 0 - 1
E3 0 1 - (2)/(-1) 0 1 2
1/(-1) 0 0 - 1
0 0
1 0 - 1 - 4 3 0 - 5 5 - 1
E3E 2E1 0 1 2 3 - 2 0 5 - 6 2
0 0 - 1 1 - 2 1 - 1 2 - 1
- 5 5 - 1
Jadi Invers Matrik A -1 5 - 6 2
- 1 2 - 1
Menghitung E2
CONTOH
Hitung invers matrik A
1 2 3
2 3 5
A
3 5 7
3 6 8
Jawab :
Menghitung E1
4
5
1
2
N1 A1
3
3
1
- 2
E1
- 3
- 3
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1
- 2
N2 E1A 2
- 3
- 3
1 - 2/(-1)
0
1/ - 1
E2
0 - (-1)/(-1)
0 - 0/(-1)
1 2 0
0 - 1 0
E 2E1
0 - 1 1
0 0 0
- 3 2 0
2 -1 0
-1 -1 1
- 3 0 0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0 2 2
0 3 - 1
0 5 - 1
1 6 0
0 1 2 0
0 0 - 1 0
0 0 - 1 1
1 0 0 0
0 1
0 - 2
0 - 3
1 - 3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
Menghitung E3
- 3 2 0
2 -1 0
N3 E 2E1A 3
-1 -1 1
- 3 0 0
0 3 1
0 5 1
0 7 - 1
1 8 - 1
1 0 - 1/(-1) 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 - 1/(-1) 0 0 1 1 0
E3
1/(-1)
0 0 0 - 1 0
0 0
0
0
(-1)/(-1)
1
0
0
1
1
1 0 0 0 - 3 2 0 0 - 3 1 1
0 1 0 0 2 - 1 0 0 1 - 2 1
E3E 2E1
0 0 1 0 - 1 - 1 1 0 1 1 - 1
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
- 2 1 - 1
0
0
N4
E3
- 3 1
1 -2
E3E 2E1A 4
1 1
- 2 1
1 0 0 - (-7)/(-1)
0 1 0 - (-2)/(-1)
0 0 1 - 5/(-1)
0
0
0
1/(-1)
0 4 - 7
0 5 - 2
- 1 0 4 5
- 1 1 6 - 1
1 0 0 - 7
0 1 0 - 2
0 0 1 5
0
0
0
1
1
1
A -1 E 4E3E 2E1
1
0
0 0 - 7 - 4 1 1
1 0 - 2 1 - 2 1
0 1 5 1 1 - 1
0 0 - 1 - 2 1 - 1
0
0
10 - 6 8 - 7
5 - 4 3 - 2
- 9 6 - 6 5
2
1
1
1
2
3
A 12
3
5
5
7
A
22
6
8
CONTOH
CONTOH
1
2
A
3
2
3
5
6
3
5
7
8
4
5
2
3
A 2
3
4
3 5 4 3
4 4 3 2
3 6 3 5
4 3 3 1
5 5 1 3
4
5
4
6
A 21 A 22
B 21 B 22
21 A 22 B 21 B 22 0 I
B11 B12 A11 A12 I 0
21 B 22 A 21 A 22 0 I
Menghitung L
CONTOH :
Kasus n=4. Hitunglah invers
matrik berikut ini
1
2
A
3
2
3
5
6
3
5
7
8
4
5
Jawab :
Partisi matrik A adalah :
1
A11
2
3
A 21
3
2
3
A 12
3
5
5
7
A
22
6
8
4
5
4
6
1 3 - 2 - 3 2
(3 4) - 2 1 2 - 1
- 3 2 3 4 1 - 2
1
A11 A12
2
1
5
5
1
3
3 5 - 3 2 1 1
A 21A11-1
3 6 2 - 1 3 0
A11-1
L A 22 A 21A11-1A12
7 4 3 5 1 - 2
8 6 3 6 1 3
7 4 8 9 - 1 - 5
8
6
9
12
1
6
1 - 6 - (-5) - 6 5
Jadi, L-1
6 - 5 - (-1) - 1 1 - 1
1 3 1 - 1 3 - 2
B 21 -L-1(A 21A11-1)
- 6 5 1 1 - 9 6
-
1 - 1 3 0 2 - 1
CONTOH :
Hitung invers matrik A berikut :
2
3
A 2
3
4
3 5 4 3
4 4 3 2
3 6 3 5
4 3 3 1
5 5 1 3
1 3 - 2 1
2 3
5
2
1
A11
A 12
3 4
4
- 3 2 13 - 8 13 - 6
2 3
6
2 - 1 3 - 3 5 - 4
A 21 3 4 A 22 3
10 - 6 8 - 7
4 5
5
5 - 4 3 - 2
B
B
11
12
A -1
B 21 B 22 - 9 6 - 6 5
2 1 1 - 1
4 3
3 2
3 5
3 1
1 3
Menghitung L
1 4 - 3 - 4 3
8 9 - 3 2 3 - 2
- 4 3 5 4 3
1
A 11 A12
3 - 2 4 3 2
- 8 - 7 - 6
7 6 5
2 3
- 4 3
1
A 21A11 3 4
3 - 2
4 5
1 0
0 1
- 1 2
A11-1
L A 22 A 21A11-1A12
6 3 5 2 3
- 8
3 3 1 - 3 4
7
5 1 3 4 5
6 3 5 5 4 3
3 3 1 - 4 3 2
5 1 3 3 2 1
Jadi,
- 7 - 6
6 5
1 -1 2
- 1 0 - 1
2 - 1 2
(0 - 1) - (-2 2) (1- 0)
1
L-1 - (-2 2) (2 - 4) - (-1 2)
1
- (-1 2) (0 - 1)
(1- 0)
- 1 0 1
0 - 2 - 1
1 - 1 - 1
2 17 4
7 6 5
1 - 1 - 1
B 21 -L-1(A 21A11-1)
- 1 0 1 1 0 2 - 2
- 0 - 2 - 1 0 1 - 1 4
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 2 - 2 3
B11 A11-1 ( A11-1A12 )L-1(A 21A11-1)
- 2 2
- 4 3 - 8 - 7 - 6
1 - 4
3 - 2 7 6 5
2 - 3
- 4 3 - 3 30 - 7 33
3 - 2 2 - 25 5 - 27
B11
1
Jadi, A
B12
B
B
21
22
- 7 33 - 2 - 20 - 5
5 - 27 2 17 4
2 - 2 -1 0
1
1
4
0
2
1
- 2 3
1
- 1 - 1
SOAL TUGAS IV
Hitung invers matrik A berikut ini dengan cara :
b 1 a 1
b
b 1 b 2
a
A
a 2 a 1 b 1
a
b 1
a 1
a 1
a 2
b 4
b 1
a.
b.
c.
d.
Metode Adjoint
Perkalian matrik elementer
Operasi elementer baris
Metode partisi matrik
Hitung invers matrik A berikut ini dengan 2 cara partisi yang berbeda:
a 1
a
A b 1
b 1
b 2
a 2 a 1
b
b 1
a
a 1
b 1
b
A b 4 b 3
a
a
b 3 b 2
b 2 a 1 a 2 a 1
b 2 b 1
b3
a
a 4 a 4
a2 b2
a 1 b 3
b
a3
b 1 b 2 b 3
b 2 b 3 b 4
a 2 a 1 a 1
a 1 a 1 a 3
a 1 a 3 a 1