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CAMEL in GPRS prepaid service

ghlee@alumni.csie.nctu.edu.tw
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Outline
Evolution of IN
GPRS overview
CAMEL in GPRS
Discussion

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Plain Old Telephone Service
Service logic were hardwired in switching systems.
Network operators discuss services customers
required with switch vendors. (no standard)
Once services were implemented, they were not
easily modified.
service logic
hardwired
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Stored Program Control

In the mid-1960s, stored program control

(SPC) switching systems were introduced.

As a result, it was easier to introduce new

services.

Service logic was not modular.

service logic
programmable
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Common Channel
Signaling

In the mid-1970s, common channel signaling network

(CCSN) was introduced.
Signaling system number 7 (SS7) is the protocol that
runs over the CCSN.

SS7 network separates the call setup information and

talk path from the common trunk that runs between
switching systems.
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SS7 network components

signal switching points (SSPs)

SSPs are telephone

switches equipped with SS7-capable software and
terminating signaling links. They generally originate,
terminate, or switch calls.

signal transfer points (STPs)

STPs are the packet

switches of the SS7 network. They receive and route
incoming signaling messages to destination.

signal control points (SCPs)

SCPs are databases

providing information necessary for advanced call-
processing capabilities
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SS7 network
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The Introduction of IN

During the mid-1980s, Telcordia Technologies

responded to RBOCs

s request and developed

the concept of Intelligent Network 1 (IN/1).

Service logic splits from switching system,

now resides in service control points (SCP).
service logic
now here
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Call Model

PICs represent switching system states that a call goes

through from origination to termination.

SSPs check TDPs to see if there are any active triggers.

If an active trigger is detected, normal switching system

call processing is suspended until the SSP and SCP
complete communications.
SSP suspended,and
ask SCP what to do
in next step
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GPRS logical architecture
Gf

Uu
Um
D
Gi
Gn
Iu
Gc
C E
Gp
Gs
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
Signalling Interface
MSC/VLR
TE MT UTRAN TE PDN
Gr
Iu
HLR
Other PLMN
SGSN
GGSN
Gd
SM-SC
SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
GGSN
EIR SGSN
Gn
CGF
Ga
Ga
Billing
System
Gb
TE MT BSS
R
A
R
CAMEL GSM-
SCF
Ge
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Transmission plane in 2.5G
Relay
Network
Service
GTP-U
Application
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
SNDCP
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP-U
IP
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
Network
Service
UDP UDP
Frame relay
Radio
dep
Radio
indep
Multiplexing layer
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Signaling plane in 2.5G
BSSGP
Relay
GMM/SM
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
GMM/SM
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
Um Gb
MS BSS 2G-SGSN
Network
Service
RLC
MAC
GSM RF L1bis
Network
Service
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Multiplexing of network
protocols
Packet Data
Protocol
SNDCP
LLC Information
Signalling SMS
LLC
NSAPI
NSAPI + Control
Data Control
SNDC Header
LLC Header
TLLI
RLC or BSSGP
Data
N-PDU
SAPI
IP/X.25
Transmission plane
Signaling plane
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User plane in 3G
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,
PPP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,
PPP
3G-SGSN UTRAN MS
Iu-PS Uu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay
ATM
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Control plane in 3G
RLC
RRC
L1
GMM /
SM / SMS
RRC
MAC
ATM
RANAP
AAL5
Relay
ATM
AAL5
3G SGSN RNS MS
Iu-Ps Uu
RLC SCCP
Signalling
Bearer
MAC
L1
Signalling
Bearer
RANAP
SCCP
GMM /
SM / SMS
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CAMEL architecture
HLR gsmSCF
MS
Visiting Network Interrogating Network
Home Network
CAP
Home/Interrogating/Visiting Network
SGSN
gprsSSF
MAP
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MAP/CAP protocol stack
MAP
TCAP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP2
L1
MAP
TCAP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP2
L1
SGSN
HLR
Gr
CAP has the same underlying protocol stack as MAP.
Ge interface is first defined in 3G, but didnt appear
in 2.5G.
CAP
TCAP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP2
L1
CAP
TCAP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP2
L1
gprsSSF
gsmSCF
Ge
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Overall CAMEL Architecture
gsmSCF
GPRS
Dialogue
Handler
gprsSSF
SGSN GGSN MobileStation
CAP Interface
Internal CAP Interface
Internal Interface
GTP
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Detection Points (DPs)
GPRS events maybe made visible to gsmSCF.
DPs are points at which these events are
detected.
DPs can be armed to notify gsmSCF GPRS
event was encountered, and to allow gsmSCF
to influence subsequent handling of GPRS
session/PDP Context.
If DP isnt armed, processing entity continues
processing without gsmSCF involvement at
the DP.
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Detection Points (DPs)
3 different types of DP:
Trigger Detection Point-Request (TDP-R)
Event Detection Point-Request (EDP-R)
Event Detection Point-Notification (EDP-N)
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Detection Points (DPs)
TDP-R
Statically armed, initiate a CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is suspended
EDP-R
Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is suspended
and gprsSSF waits for inst from gsmSCF
EDP-N
Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is not
suspended.
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GPRS Attach/Detach State
Model
3 DPs are defined:
DP Attach
DP Change of Position
GPRS session
DP Detach
Inter SGSNRouteing area
update
Attached
Attach request
Detached
User- or network initiated
detach
AD_Exception
Attach
Detach
Change of Position GPRS Session
Intra SGSN Routeing
area update
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GPRS PDP Context State
Model
4 DPs are defined:
DP PDP Context
Establishment
DP PDP Context
Establishment Ack
DP PDP Context
Disconnection
DP Change of
Position Context
PDP Context
Setup Req
PDP_Context_
Setup
PDP_Context_
Established
Idle
C_Exception
PDP Context Est.
PDP Context
Setup Ack.
PDP Context Est. Ack.
Routeing area update
User or network
initiated disc.
PDP Context
Disconnection
Routeing area update
Change of
Position context
Change of Position Context
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GPRS CAMEL Scenarios
2 scenarios for CAMEL control of GPRS
Scenario 1
Allows CAMEL control of GPRS session and of multiple
PDP contexts within 1 GPRS dialogue
Scenario 2
Allows CAMEL control of a single PDP contexts
Multiple PDP contexts are controlled via multiple GPRS
dialogues.
Scenario 1 and scenario 2 are mutually
exclusive.
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GPRS CAMEL Scenario 1
Involves Attach/Detach state model
Uses less resource (tcap dialogue)
More complicated when implementation
SGSN / SSP SCP
A/D
SM
PDP#2
SM
PDP#1
SM
GPRS Dialogue
Information flow related to
PDP Context #1
Information flow related to
the Session
Information flow related to
PDP Context #2
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GPRS CAMEL Scenario 2
Doesnt involves Attach/Detach state model
Uses more resource (tcap dialogue)
Simpler when implementation
SGSN / SSP SCP
PDP#2
SM
PDP#1
SM
GPRS Dialogue #2
Information flow related to
PDP context #1
Information flow related to
PDP context #2
GPRS Dialogue #1
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GPRS Attach
The message sequence chart is too large to fit in this
slide. Please see the supplementary document from
3GPP 23060 spec.
Notice the Insert subscriber data procedure, GPRS-
CSI (CAMEL Subscription Information) is sent from
HLR to SGSN.
2.5G HLR does not keep GPRS-CSI, nor does it send
GPRS-CSI to SGSN.
3G HLR could keep GPRS-CSI, also it sends GPRS-CSI
when doing Insert subscriber data procedure.
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GPRS-CSI
GPRS-CSI contains following information
gsmSCF Address
Service Key
Default GPRS Handling
TDP List
CAMEL Capability Handling
CSI state
Notification flag
gsmSCF address list for CSI
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PDP Context Activation in 2.5G
C1 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment
C2 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment_Acknowledgement
2G-GGSN
9. Activate PDP Context Accept
4. Create PDP Context Response
4. Create PDP Context Request
1. Activate PDP Context Request
2G-SGSN BSS
2. Security Functions
MS
7. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C1
C2
3. Invoke Trace
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PDP Context Activation in 3G
C1 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment.
C2 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment_Acknowledgement
3G-GGSN
9. Activate PDP Context Accept
4. Create PDP Context Response
4. Create PDP Context Request
1. Activate PDP Context Request
3G-SGSN UTRAN MS
5. Radio Access Bearer Setup
C1
C2
6. Invoke Trace
8. Update PDP Context Response
8. Update PDP Context Request
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CAMEL procedures for
charging activities
Procedure ssf -> scf scf ->ssf
ApplyChargingGPRS -
ApplyChargingReportGPRS -
InitialDPGPRS -
ContinueGPRS -
EventReportGPRS -
RequestReportGPRSEvent -
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Discussion