Ruchira 7

xiii
ikBkuqef.kdk
izFke% ikB%
f}rh;% ikB%
r`rh;% ikB%
prqFkZ% ikB%
ipe% ikB%
"k"B% ikB%
lIre% ikB%
v"Ve% ikB%
uoe% ikB%
n'ke% ikB%
,dkn'k% ikB%
}kn'k% ikB%
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
prqn'Z k% ikB%
ipn'k% ikB%
ifjf'k"Ve~
iqjksoko~Q
Hkwfedk
eXye~
v
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lqHkkf"krkfu
nqcfZq % fou';fr
LokoyEcue~
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~ (vO;;iz;ksx%)
if.Mrk jekckbZ
lnkpkj%
lYi% flfnk;d% (/krqi;z ksx%)
f=ko.kZ% ot%
foeku;kua jp;ke
fo'ocU/qRoe~ (dkjdfoHkfDr% miinfoHkfDr'p)
leok;ks fg nqt;Z %
dYiyrso fo|k
ve`ra laLre~ (bdkjkUrL=khfy% )
vukfjdk;k% ftKklk (dkjkUriqf Yy%)
ykyuxhre~
o.kZfopkj%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p
3
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31
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59
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80
85
lqHkkf"krkfu
izFke% ikB%
lqHkkf"krkfu
i`fFkO;ka =khf.k jRukfu tyea lqHkkf"kre~ A
ew<S% ik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq jRulaKk fo/h;rs AA 1 AA
lR;su /k;Zrs i`Foh lR;su rirs jfo% A
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lgklhr (lg $ vklhr)
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lffoZokne~ (lf% $ fookne~)
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cgrk gS @ cgrh gS
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riL;k esa
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vk'p;Z
vusd jRuksa okyh
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lkFk cSBuk pkfg,
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lTtuksa osQ lkFk >xM+k
lqHkkf"krkfu
uklf% (u$ vlf%)

/u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq
laxzgs"kq
R;DryTt%
{keko'khfryksZosQ
({keko'khfr% $ yksosQ)
'kkfUr[kM~x%
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vlTtu yksxksa osQ lkFk ugha

/u/kU; osQ iz;ksx esa@O;ogkj esa
laxzgksa esa] lap; (bdk) djus esa
ladksp ;k Hkh:rk dks NksM+usokyk
lalkj esa {kek (lcls cM+k)
o'khdj.k gS
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vH;kl%
1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA
2- ;Fkk;ksX;a 'yksdka'kku~ esy;r&
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foLe;ks u fg dkZO;%
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3- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) i`fFkO;ka dfr jRukfu\
([k) ew<%S oqQ=k jRulaKk fo/h;rs\
(x) i`fFkoh osQu /k;Zr\s
(?k) oSQ% lr oqQohZr\
() yksoQs o'khfr% dk\
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uklf% fdfpnkpjsrA~
R;DryTt% lq[kh HkosrA~
cgqjRuk olqU/jkA
fo|k;k% laxgz "s kq pA
lR;su rirs jfo%A
4-
js[kkfrinkfu vf/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) lR;su okfr ok;q%A

([k) lf% ,o lgklhrA
(x) olqU/jk cgqjRuk HkofrA
(?k) fo|k;k% laxgz "s kq R;DryTt% lq[kh HkosrA~
() lf% eS=kha oqQohZrA
5- iz'ukukeqkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) oqQ=k foLe;% u dkZO;%\
([k) i`fFkO;ka =khf.k jRukfu dkfu\
(x) R;DryTt% oqQ=k lq[kh Hkosr\~
6- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fykuqlkja fy[kr&
jRukfu
olqU/jk
iqfYye ~
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lR;su lq[kh
ve~
of%
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7- v/ksfyf[krins"kq /kro% osQ lfUr\

ine~
/krq%
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i';
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Hkosr~
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fLFkr%
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jfo%
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nqcqZf% fou';fr
f}rh;% ikB%
nqcqZf% fou';fr
vfLr ex/ns'ks iqQYyksRiyuke lj%A r=k ladVfodVukedkS galkS fuolr%A
dEcqxhz oukek r;ks% fe=ke~ ,d% owQeZ% vfi r=kSo izfrolfr LeA
vFk ,dnk khojk% r=k vkxPNu~ vdFk;u~ p&o;a 'o% eRL;owQekZnhu~
ekjf;";ke%A ,rr~ JqRok
owQeZ% vonr~&^^fe=ks!
d ;qokH;ka khojk.kka
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vonrke~& ^îzkr% ;n~
mfpra rRdkZO;e~A** owQeZ%
vonr~& ^êSoe~A rn~
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owQeZ% vonr~&^^fdega ew[kZ%\ mkja u nkL;kfeA fdfpnfi u ofn";kfeA** vr%

vga ;Fkk mDroku~ rFkk ;qoka oqQ#re~A
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owQe n`"V~ok xksikydk% i'pkn~
vkkou~ vonu~ p& ^^gagks!
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vU;% vdFk;r~& ^^x`ga uhRok
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ekjsaxs
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2- ,dinsu mkjr&
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([k) ljLrhjs osQ vkxPNu~\
(x) owQeZ% osQu ekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNfr\
(?k) yEcekua owQe n`"V~ok osQ v/kou~\
3- v/ksfyf[krokD;kfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr bfr fy[kr&
d% dFk;fr oaQ izfr dFk;fr
;Fkk& izkr% ;n~ mfpra rRdkZO;e~A
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(d) vga Hkon~H;ka lg vkdk'kekxs.Z k xUrqe~ bPNkfeA -------------------- --------------------------------------- -------------------([k) v=k d% mik;%\
-------------------- -------------------(x) vge~ mkja u nkL;kfeA
-------------------- --------------------
(?k) ;w;a HkLe [kknrA

4- etw"kkr% f;kina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&
vfHkuUnfr Hk{kf;";ke% bPNkfe ofn";kfe
mM~Mh;rs izfrolfr Le
(d) galkH;ka lg owQeksZ fi --------------------A

([k) vga fdfpnfi u --------------------A
(x) ;% fgrdkeuka lqnka okD;a u --------------------A
(?k) ,d% owQeZ% vfi r=kSo --------------------A
() vge~ vkdk'kekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ --------------------A
(p) o;a x`ga uhRok owQe --------------------A
11
nqcqZf% fou';fr
5- iw.kZokD;su mkjr&
(d) dPNi% oqQ=k xUrqe~ bPNfr\
([k) dPNi% de~ mik;a onfr\
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(?k) owQeZ% fe=k;ks% opua foLe`R; fde~ vonr~\
6- ?kVukekuqlkja okD;kfu fy[kr&
(d) owQeZ% gal;ks% lgk;r;k vkdk'kekxs.Z k vxPNr~A
([k) xksikydk% vdFk;u~&o;a ifrra owQe [kkfn";ke%A
(x) owQeZ% galkS p ,dfLeu~ ljfl fuolfUr LeA
(?k) osQfpr~ /hojk% ljLrhjs vkxPNu~A
() owQeZ% vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNfr LeA
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(t) ô;a 'o% eRL;owQekZnhu~ ekjf;";ke%* bfr /hojk% vdFk;u~A
7- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
tyk'k;e~
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liZ% vfi volr~A dkdkuke~ vuqifLFkrkS ------------------- dkdkuka f'k'kwu~ [kknfr LeA
dkdk% ------------------- vklu~A rs"kq ,d% ------------------- dkd% mik;e~ -------------------A
12
o`{kL; ------------------- tyk'k;% vklhr~A r=k ,dk jktoqQekjh Lukrqa ------------------- vkxPNfrA
f'kyk;ka fLFkra rL;k% vkHkj.ke~ ------------------- ,d% dkd% o`{kL; mifj vLFkki;r~A
jktlsodk% dkde~ vuqlR` ; ------------------- lehie~ vxPNu~A r=k rs ra li p vekj;u~A
vr% ,oksDre~&mik;su lo fl;frA
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7 b;a dFkk îprU=ke~* bfr xzUFkkr~ mn~/r` kA iprU=kL; ys[kd% fo".kq'kekZA
ipkuka rU=kk.kka lekgkj% iprU=ke~ bfrA vr% iprU=kL; ip Hkkxk%
lfUr&fe=kHksn%] fe=kykHk%] lfU/foxzg%] yC/iz.kk'k% vijhf{kr&dkjdpA
7 vfLeu~ ikBs vuoljs Hkk"k.ksu dFka loZuk'k% Hkorhfr nf'kZre~A Dofpr~

ekSua dk;ZlkkoaQ HkofrA ;FkkskQe~&
foHkw"k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~A
ew[kksZ fg 'kksHkrs rkor~ ;kor~ fdfpUu Hkk"krsA
r`rh;% ikB%
LokoyEcue~
la[;kokfp'kCnk% rn~&,rn~&'kCnkS p
".kewfrZ% Jhd.B'p fe=ks vkLrke~A Jhd.BL; firk le`% vklhr~A vr% rL;
Hkous loZfo/kfu lq[k&lkkukfu vklu~A
rfLeu~ fo'kkys Hkous pRokfja'kr~ LrEHkk%
vklu~A r=k v"Vkn'k&izdks"Bs"kq ipk'kr~
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x`gs dksfi deZdj% uklhr~A ,rr~ n`"V~ok
Jhd.B% vdFk;r~& ^^fe=k! vga Hkorke~
vkfrF;su lUrq"VksfLeA osQoye~ ,rnso rF;a
eka nq%[k;fr ;r~ ro x`gs ,dksfi Hk`R;% ukfLr
;su ee vkfrF;k; HkoUr% d"Va oqQoZfUrA ee
x`gs rq cgo% deZdjk% lfUrA** rnk LokoyEch
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14
us=ks] }s Jks=ks bfrA ,rs izfr{k.ka eekkhuk%A ijUrq ro Hk`R;k% vgfuZ'ka dekZf.k drq
u 'kDuqofUrA Roa rq Lodk;kZFk LoHk`R;kkhu%A ;nk ;nk rs vuqifLFkrk%] rnk
rnk Roa d"Ve~ vuqHkoflA LokoyEcus rq loZnk lq[keso] u dnkfi d"Va HkofrA**
vga ekls ekls rkS rkS p Lo&fnup;kZe~ vuqoQw y;kfeA ,rr~ JqRok Jhd.B%
vdFk;r~&^^fe=k! vga rq u tkukfe osQ eklk% HkofUr osQ p ro%A** ,rr~
JqRok ".kewfrZ% }kn'keklkuka "k..kke~ rwuka p ukekfu vonr~A Jhd.B%
vi`PNr~&^^,dfLeu~ ekls dfr fnukfu HkofUr**A ".kewfrZ% vonr~&^^,dfLeu~
ekls f=ka'kr~ ,df=ka'kr~ ok fnukfu HkofUrA iQjojh&ekls v"Vkfoa'kfr% fnukfu
HkofUrA ijUrq r=k izR;soQa prqFksZ o"ksZ fnukuka la[;k ,dksufoa'kfr% Hkofr**A Jhd.B%
vonr~&^^fe=k! ro opukfu JqRok ee eufl egrh izlUurk tkrkA v/quk vgefi
Lodk;kZf.k Lo;eso dfj";kfeA**
'kCnkFkkZ%
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LokoyEcue~
15
Hkorke~
Hk`R;%
vgfuZ'ke~
f=ka'kr~
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v"Vkfoa'kfr%
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prqfL=ka'kr~
prq'pRokfja'kr~
v"Vkfoa'kfr%
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2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dL; Hkous loZfo/kfu lq[klk/ukfu vklu~\
([k) dL; x`gs deZdj% uklhr~\
(x) Jhd.BL; vkfrF;e~ osQ vdqouZ \~
(?k) izR;soQa prqFkZo"ksZ iQjojh&ekls dfr fnukfu HkofUr\
() dfr ro% HkofUr\
(p) ".kewr%Zs dfr deZdjk% lfUr\
16
3- fp=kkf.k x.kf;Rok rnxzs la[;kokpd'kCna fy[kr&
--------------------------------
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4- etw"kkr% vkuka rs inkfu fpuqr&

pRokfja'kr~ lIrfoa'kfr% ,df=ka'kr~ ipk'kr~ v"Vkfoa'kfr% f=ka'kr~ prqfo'kfr%
28 --------------------------
27
--------------------------
30 --------------------------
31
--------------------------
LokoyEcue~
17
24 --------------------------
40
--------------------------
50 -------------------------5- fp=ka n`"V~ok etw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&
"kdk%
,rkS
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6- js[kkfr kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

;Fkk& vga LokoyEcuL; lq[ka izfrfnue~ vuqHkokfeA
vga dL; lq[ka izfrfnue~ vuqHkokfe\
(d) ".kewfrZ% lkekU;"kdL; iq=k% vklhr~A
([k) v/quk x`gs dksfi deZdj% ukfLrA
(x) u{k=kk.kke~ vkokxeua Lo;eso HkofrA
(?k) ,dfLeu~ oxsZ lIrn'k Nk=kk% viBu~A
18
7- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

"kM~
f=ka'kr~
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v"Vkfoa'kfr%
(d) ----------------- ro% HkofUrA

([k) eklk% ----------------- HkofUrA
(x) ,dfLeu~ ekls ----------------- vFkok ----------------- fnolk% HkofUrA
(?k) iQjojh&ekls lkekU;r% ----------------- fnukfu HkofUrA
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10- ikS"k%
3- o"kkZ
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6- f'kf'kj%
12- iQkYxqu%
19
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~
prqFkZ% ikB%
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~
vO;;iz;ksx%
(fofo/&os'kHkw"kk/kfj.k% pRokj% ckydo;% epL; mifj mifo"Vk% lfUrA v/% Jksrkj%
gkL;dforkJo.kk; mRlqdk% lfUr dksykgya oqQoZfUr p)
lpkyd% & vya dksykgysuA v| ija g"kZL; volj% ;r~ vfLeu~ dfolEesyus
dkO;gUrkj% dky;kidk'p HkkjrL; gkL;dfo/qjU/jk% lekxrk%
lfUrA ,fg] djryofuuk o;e~ ,rs"kka Lokxra oqQeZ%A
xtk/j%
& losHZ ;ksjflosQH;ks ueks ue%A izFkea rkon~ vge~ vk/qfuda oS|e~
mf'; Lodh;a dkO;a Jko;kfe&
20
oS|jkt! ueLrqH;a ;ejktlgksnj A

;eLrq gjfr izk.kku~ oS|% izk.kku~ /ukfu p AA
(losZ mPpS% glfUr)
dkykUrd% & vjs! oS|Lrq loZ=k ijUrq u rs ekn`'kk% oqQ'kyk% tula[;kfuokj.ksA
eekfi dkO;e~ bna k`.oUrq HkoUr%&
fprka izTTofyrka n`"V~ok oS|ks foLe;ekxr% A
ukga xrks u es Hkzkrk dL;sna gLryk?koe~ AA
(losZ iqu% glfUr)
rqfUny%
& (rqUnL; mifj gLre~ vkorZ;u~) rqfUnyksga Hkks%A eekfi bna dkO;a
Jw;rke~] thous /k;Zrka p&
ijka izkI; nqc
Zq !s ek 'kjhjs n;ka oqQ# A
ijka nqyZHka yksds 'kjhjkf.k iqu% iqu% AA
(losZ iqu% vV~Vgkla oqQoZfUr)
/qU/%
& vjs! HkoUr% tkufUr ,o ;n~ vk/qfudk% oSKkfudk% IywVks&xzga u

LohOkqQoZfUrA rs"kka ers v"V ,o xzgk%] fdUrq eUersu n'k xzgk%
lfUrA
Jksrkj%
& vf;! dfo/qjU/j! dLrkor~ n'keks xzg%\ vLekfHk% dnkfi u

Jqre~A rL; p d% izHkko%\
/qU/%
& lko/kueulk k`.oUrq HkoUr% n'kexzgL; oSf'k"V~;e~

lnk o% lnk ozQw j% lnk eku/ukig% A
dU;kjkf'kfLFkrks fuR;a tkekrk n'keks xzg% AA
(dkO;ikBJo.ksu mRizfs jr% ,d% ckydksfi vk'kqdforka jp;fr lgkla
Jko;fr p)
21
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~
ckyd%
& Jw;rke~] Jw;rka Hkks%! eekfi dkO;e~&

xtk/ja ;ea ukSfe rqfUnya pkyksyiq e~ A
n'kea p xzga /qU/a dkykUroaQ rFkSo p AA
(dkO;a Jkof;Rok ^gk gk gk* bfr Rok glfrA vU;s pkfi glfUrA
cfg% fu"E; losZ x`ga p xPNfUrA)
'kCnkFkkZ%
v/%
&
uhps
dksykgye~
&
'kksj
dkO;gUrkj%
&
dkO; dks u"V djus okys
dky;kidk%
&
le; cCkkZn djus okys
/qjU/jk%
&
vxz.kh] Js"B
,fg
&
vk;sa] vkb,
djryofuuk
&
rkfy;ksa ls
vjflosQH;%
&
uhjl tuksa dks
Lodh;e~
&
vius
ekn`'kk%
&
esjs tSls
gLryk?koe~
&
gkFk dh liQkbZ
rqUnL;
&
rksan osQ
vkorZ;u~
&
isQjrk gqvk
kk;Zrke~
&
/kj.k djsa
22
ijke~
&
nwljksa osQ vUu dks
eUersu (ee $ ersu)
&
esjs er ls
o%
&
Vs<+k
ozwQj%
&
funZ;h] fu"Bqj
eku/ukig%
&
lEeku vkSj /u dk
vigj.k djusokyk
tkekrk
&
tekbZ] nkekn
mRizsfjr%
&
izsj.kk ls
vk'kqdforke~
&
rkRdkfyd dfork dks
lgkle~
&
glh osQ lkFk
ukSfe
&
iz.kke djrk gw
vyksyqie~
&
vukt dk yksHkh
fu"E;
&
fudy dj
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
mifj
v/%
mPpS%
uhpS%
cfg%
vye~
dnkfi
vUr%
iqu%
oqQ=k
dnk
,dnk
23
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~
2- etw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r&

vye~
vUr%
cfg%
v/%
mifj
(d) o`{kL; ----------------- [kxk% olfUrA

([k) ----------------- fooknsuA
(x) o"kkZdkys x`gkr~ ----------------- ek xPNA
(?k) epL; ----------------- Jksrkj% mifo"Vk% lfUrA
() Nk=kk% pyfPp=kx`gL; ----------------- izfo'kfUrA
3- v'kqa ina fpuqr&
(d) xefUr] ;PNfUr] i`PNfUr] /kofUrA
----------------------
([k) jkes.k] x`g.s k] lis.Z k] xts.kA
----------------------
(x) yr;k] lqfiz;k] je;k] fu'k;kA
----------------------
(?k) yrs] jes] ekrs] fiz;As
----------------------
() fy[kfr] xtZfr] iQyfr] lsofrA
----------------------
4- etw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fy[kr&

izlrk;k%
fpfdRlde~
izkI;
-----------------
oqQ'kyk%
-----------------
g"kZL;
-----------------
o%
-----------------
oS|e~
-----------------
yCok
oqQfVy%
n{kk%
24
(d) eps dfr ckydo;% mifo"Vk% lfUr\

([k) osQ dksykgya oqQoZfUr\
(x) xtk/j% de~ mf'; dkO;a izLrkSfr\
(?k) rqfUny% dL; mifj gLre~ vkokZ;fr\
() yksoQs iqu% iqu% dkfu HkofUr\
(p) n'ke% xzg% d%\
ukfldk;keso
O;tusu
okjaokje~
mikfo'kr~
[kM~xsu
fNUuk
nwje~
lqIr%
fe=krk
fiz;%
ef{kdk
iqjk ,dL; uìL; ,d% -------------- okuj% vklhr~A ,dnk uì% -------------- vklhr~A okuj%
-------------- re~ voht;r~A rnSo ,dk
-------------- uìL; ukfldk;ke~ --------------- A
;|fi okuj% -------------- O;tusu rka fuokj;fr
Le rFkkfi lk iqu% iqu% uìL; ------------mifo'kfr LeA vUrs l% ef{kdka gUraq
-------------- izgkje~ vdjksrA~ ef{kdk rq mM~Mh; -------------- xrk] fdUrq [kM~xizgkjs.k uìL;
ukfldk -------------- vHkor~A vr,oksP;rs&^êw[kZtuS% lg -------------- uksfprkA**
25
gkL;ckydfolEesyue~
7-
foykseinkfu ;kst;r&
v/%
uhpS%
vUr%
lqyHke~
nqcqZs!
mifj
mPpS%
cfg%
nqyZHke~
lqcqs!
;krO;e~&
vfLeu~ ikBs v/%] vUr%] cfg%] uhpS%] iqu% bR;knhfu vO;;inkfu lfUrA
,"kka f=k"kq fy"s kq] f=k"kq opus"kq lokZlq foHkfDr"kq p ,deso :ia Hkofr] fodkjks
u tk;rsA
mDrp&
ln`'ka f=k"kq fy"s kq lokZlq p foHkfDr"kq A
opus"kq p los"Z kq ; O;sfr rnO;;e~ AA
26
ipe% ikB%
if.Mrk jekckbZ
jekckbZ laLroSn"q ;s.k îf.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikfkH;ka
foHkwf"krkA lk 1858 res f[kz"VkCns tUe vyHkrA rL;k% firk
vuUr'kkL=kh Mksxa js ekrk p y{eh ckbZ vkLrke~A rfLeu~ dkys
L=khf'k{kk;k% fLFkfr% fpUruh;k vklhr~ A L=kh.kka rs
laLrf'k{k.ka izk;% izpfyra uklhr~A fdUrq if.Mr% vuUr'kkL=kh
Mksxa js :f<cka kkj.kka ifjR;T; LoiRuha LkaLre;ki;r~A
,rnFk jek;k% firk lektL; izrkj.kke~ vfi vlgrA vuUrja
jek vfi Loekrq% laLrf'k{kka izkIrorhA
dkyes.k jek;k% firk foi% ltkr%A rL;k% firjkS T;s"Bk Hkfxuh p
nqfHkZ{kihfMrk% fnor k%A rnuUrja jek Lo&T;s"BHkzk=kk lg in~H;ka lexzs Hkkjrs
Hkze.ka oqQoZrh dksydkrka izkIrkA r=k lk czlektsu izHkkfork osnk;;ue~ vdjksrA~
i'pkr~ lk ckfydkuka L=kh.kka p rs laLrL; osn'kkL=kkfndL; p f'k{kk;S
vkUnksyua izkjC/orhA 1880 res f[kz"VkCns lk fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg U;k;ky;s
fookge~ vdjksrA~ lkSd
Z o"kkZuUrja rL;k% ifr% fnor%A
rnuUrja lk iq=;k euksje;k lg egkjk"Va izR;kxPNr~A ukjh.kka leqfprlEekuk;
f'k{kk;S p lk Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorhA loZdkjs.k la?kfVrs mPpf'k{kk&vk;ksxs
jekckbZ ukjhf'k{kkfo"k;s Loera izLrqrorhA lk mPpf'k{kkFkZe~ baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhA
r=k bZlkbZ/eZL; L=khfo"k;oSQ% mkefopkjS% izHkkfork tkrkA
27
if.Mrk jekckbZ
baXyS.Mns'kkr~ jekckbZ vejhdkns'ke~ vxPNr~A r=k lk HkkjrL; fokokL=kh.kka

lgk;rkFkZe~ vFkZlp;e~ vdjksrA~ Hkkjra izR;kxR; eqEcbZuxjs lk ^'kkjnk&lnue~*
vLFkki;r~A ije~ bna lnua
iq.ksuxjs LFkkukUrfjra tkre~A
vfLeu~ vkJes fuLlgk;k%
fL=k;% fuolfUr LeA r=k fL=k;%
eqn.z k&V.k&dk"Bdyknhukp
izf'k{k.kefi yHkUrs LeA rnuUrja
iq.ksuxjL; lehis osQMxko&ukfEu
LFkkus êqfDrfe'ku* uke laLFkkua
r;k LFkkfire~A v=k v/quk vfi
fujkfJrk% fL=k;% llEekua
thoua ;ki;fUrA
1922 res f[kz"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A fdUrq L=khf'k{kk;ka
lektlsok;kp rL;k% dk;Ze~ vfoLej.kh;e~ vfLrA lektlsok;k% vfrfjDra
ys[ku{ks=ks vfi rL;k% egoiw.kZe~ vonkue~ vfLrA ^L=kh/eZuhfr* ^gkbZ dkLV
fgUnw foesu* bfr rL;k% izfla jpuk};a orZrAs
'kCnkFkkZ%
laLroSnq";s.k
mikf/H;ke~
ifjR;T;
v;ki;r~
izrkj.kke~
vlgr
&
&
&
&
&
&
laLr dh fo}kk ls
mikf/;ksa ls
NksM+dj
i<+k;k
rkM+uk
lgu fd;k
28
Loekrq%
uohuksieL; (uohu $ mieL;)
foi%
fnork%
oqQoZrh
izkjC/orh
izR;kxPNr~ (izfr $ vkxPNr~)
la?kfVrs
vFkZlp;e~
izR;kxR; (izfr $ vkxR;)
eqnz.ke~
V.ke~
fujkfJrk% (fuj~ $ vkfJrk%)
;ki;fUr
vonkue~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
viuh ekrk ls
u, iz;kl dk
fu/Zu
e`R;q dks izkIr gks x,
djrh gqbZ
vkjEHk fd;k
ykSV vkbZ
laxfBr
/u lp;
ykSVdj
NikbZ
Vkbi
cslgkjk
fcrkrs@fcrkrh gSa
;ksxnku
vH;kl%
1- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) îf.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikf/H;ka dk foHkwf"krk\
([k) jek oqQr% laLrf'k{kka izkIrorh\
(x) jekckbZ osQu lg fookge~ vdjksr\~
(?k) dklka f'k{kk;S jekckbZ Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorh\
() jekckbZ mPpf'k{kkFk oqQ=k vxPNr~\
29
if.Mrk jekckbZ
2- js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) jek;k% firk lektL; izrkj.kke~ vlgrA
([k) iR;q% ej.kkuUrja jekckbZ egkjk"Va izR;kxPNr~A
(x) jekckbZ eqEcbZuxjs ^'kkjnk&lnue~* vLFkki;r~A
(?k) 1922 res f"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A
() fL=k;% f'k{kka yHkUrs LeA
3- iz'ukukeqkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) jekckbZ fdeFkZe~ vkUnksyua izkjC/orh\
([k) fu%lgk;k% fL=k;% vkJes d yHkUrs Le\
(x) dfLeu~ fo"k;s jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% ;ksxnkue~ vfLr\
(?k) osQu jpuk};su jekckbZ iz'kaflrk orZr\s
4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka funs'Z kkuqlkja inifjp;a
inkfu
ewy'kCn%
fye~
;Fkk&osnkuke~
osn
iqfYye~
------------------------------firk
------------------------------f'k{kk;S
------------------------------dU;k%
------------------------------in~H;ke~
------------------------------euksje;k
fy[kr&
foHkfDr%
"k"Bh
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
opue~
cgqopue~
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- v/ksfyf[krkuka /krwuka ydkja iq#"ka opup fy[kr&

/krq%
ydkj%
iq#"k%
;Fkk&vklhr~
vl~
y~
izFkeiq#"k%
---------------------------------------------oqQoZfUr
opue~
,dopue~
----------------
30
vkxPNr~
fuolfUr
xfe";fr
vdjksr~
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukekuqlkja fy[kr&

(d) jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg fookg% vHkor~A
([k) 1858 res f"VkCns jekckbZ tUe vyHkrA
(x) lk mPpf'k{kkFk baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhA
(?k) 1922 res f"VkCnss jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A
() lk eqEcbZuxjs 'kkjnk&lnue~ vLFkki;r~A
(p) lk Loekrq% laLrf'k{kka izkIrorhA
-------------------------------------------------------------
31
lnkpkj%
"k"B% ikB%
lnkpkj%
;fLeu~ ns'ks ; vkpkj% ikjEi;Zekxr% A
o.kkZuka lkUrjkykuka l lnkpkj mP;rs AA1AA
izkr%dkys R;tsPN;keh'oja izFkea Lejsr~ A
fuR;dekZf.k Rok p oqQ;kZn;;ua rr% AA2AA
lR;a cz;
w kr~ fiz;a cz;
w kr~ u cz;
w kr~ lR;efiz;e~ A
fiz;a p uku`ra cz;
w kr~ ,"k /eZ% lukru% AA3AA
loZnk O;ogkjs L;kr~ vkSnk; lR;rk rFkk A
tqrk e`nrq k pkfi dkSfVY;a u dnkpu AA4AA
Js"Ba tua xq#a pkfi ekrja firja rFkk A
eulk deZ.kk okpk lsors lrra lnk AA5AA
fe=ks.k dyga Rok u dnkfi lq[kh tu% A
bfr KkRok iz;klsu rnso ifjotZ;sr~ AA6AA
32
'kCnkFkkZ%
vkpkj%
&
O;ogkj
ikjEi;Zekxr%
&
ijEijke ls vk;k gqvk@izkIr
o.kkZuke~
&
leLr oxks dk
lkUrjkykuke~
&
oxks osQ e; vk;s leLr mioxks dk
R;tsr~
&
NksMu+ k pkfg,] R;kxuk pkfg,
oqQ;kZr~
&
djuk pkfg,
czw;kr~
&
cksyuk pkfg,
vu`re~
&
>wB
lukru%
&
lnk ls pyk vk jgk gks
L;kr~
&
gks
vkSnk;Ze~
&
mnkjrk
tqrk
&
ljyrk
e`nqrk
&
dkseyrk
dkSfVY;e~
&
oqQfVyrk] Vs<k+ iu
okpk
&
ok.kh ls
lsosr
&
lsok djuh pkfg,
ifjotZ;sr~
&
NksM+ nsuk pkfg,
33
lnkpkj%
vH;kl%
1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA
2- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&
(d) izkr% dkys bZ'oja LejsrA~
([k) vu`ra cz;w kr~A
(x) eulk Js"Btua lsors A
(?k) fe=ks.k dyga Rok tu% lq[kh HkofrA
() izkr%dkys 'k;ka u R;tsrA~
3- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) dnk 'k;ka R;tsr\~
([k) dkfu Rok v;;ua oqQ;kZr\~
(x) d cz;w kr~\
(?k) osQu lg dyga Rok uj% lq[kh u Hkosr\~
(d) izFkee~ bZ'oja LejsrA~
([k) dyga Rok uj% nq%[kh HkofrA
(x) firja deZ.kk lsors A
(?k) O;ogkjs e`nrq k Js;lhA
() loZnk O;ogkjs tqrk fo/s;kA
34
z;a p
i
f
a
vu`r
eulk
ekrja
firja
p
5- iz'ue;s =khf.k f;kinkfu lfUrA rkfu iz;Tq ; lkFkZd&okD;kfu jp;rA
k;
gkjs
fiz;a
lR;a
czw;kr~
lsosr
L;kr~
okp
lR;e
u
z;a p
~ vfi
oZnk
vkSn
O;o
Js"B
O;og
kjs d
n
k
p
u
dkSfVY
k xq#
a
tua
deZ.
kk
;a u
(d) ------------------------------------------------A
([k) ------------------------------------------------A
(x) ------------------------------------------------A
(?k)
() ------------------------------------------------A
(p) ------------------------------------------------A
(N) ------------------------------------------------A
(t) ------------------------------------------------A
------------------------------------------------A
6- etw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

rFkk
dnkpu
(d) HkDr% --------------- bZ'oja LejfrA

([k) vlR;a --------------- oDrO;e~A
lnk
vfi
35
lnkpkj%
(x) fiz;a --------------- lR;a onsrA~

(?k) yrk es/k --------------- fo|ky;a xPNr%A
() --------------- oqQ'kyh Hkoku~\
(p) egkRekxkU/h --------------- vglka u vR;tr~A
7- fp=ka n`"V~ok etw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&
fy[kfr
f'k{kd%
d{kk;ke~
Nk=kk%
';kei^s
mkjkf.k
fy[kfUr
iz'ue~
l%
rs
iqfLrdk;ke~
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36
lIre% ikB%
lYi% flfnk;d%
/krqi;z ksx%
ukjnopuizHkkokr~ ikoZrh f'koa ifr:is.k bPNUrh riL;ka dkqeZ ~ bPNfr LeA lk
LolYia ek=ks U;osn;r~A rPNRq ok ikoZR;k% ekrk fpUrkoqQyk vHkor~A
iq=;k% dkseyruqa n`"V~ok tuuh vkfn'kr~&ôRls! Do dfBua ri% Do p ro
dkseya 'kjhje~\ dFke~ vkrikr~ 'khrkr~ ok vkRekua jf{k";fl\ rfgZ ri% ek
pjA lq[ksu Lox`gs ,o olA v=kSo ozrkfnoaQ oqQ#A ,rsuoS ro euksjFkiwfrZ% Hkfo";frA*
ijUrq ikoZrh vdFk;r~&^^vEc! f'koa ifr:is.k izkIrqa riL;keso dfj";kfe
bfr es lY i%A bZ'oj% ee j{kka
dfj";frA riL;kFk dksfi u x`gs
olfrA** ,oeqDRok n`<fu'p;k lk
fir`x`ga ifjR;T; dkuus fufeZrka
Loi.kZoQq Vhe~ vxPNr~ f'koa p
vuU;eulk viwt;r~] fpja riL;ka
p lekpjr~A dkuus gk% i'ko%
fopjfUr LeA rFkkfi ikoZrh fuHkZ;k olfr LeA ;rks fg fuHkZ;a tue~ bZ'oj%
Lo;eso j{kfrA
dfrfpr~ eklk% xrk%A ,dnk df'pr~ oVq% riksoua izkfo'kr~A oVqa n`"V~ok
ikoZrh vklukr~ mRFkk; reqixE; lknje~ vonr~&^ôVks] Lokxra rsA mifo'krq
Hkoku~A**
lY i% flfnk;d%
37
oVq% oqQ'kya i`"V~ok dkSrgw ysu vi`PNr~&^^gs rifLofu! fdeFk dfBua ri%
lekpjfl\ Lodh;ka ruqa p efyuka djksf"k\** ikoZrh u fdfpr~ onfr LeA
rRl[kh ,o rL;k% lYiL; iz;kstua oVos fuosn;fr LeA
rr~ JqRok oVq% vi`PNr~&^^vf; ikoZfr! d lR;eso Roa f'koa ifrfePNfl
;ks fg vf'koa pjfr] 'e'kkus olfr\ ;L; =khf.k us=kkf.k] ;L; olua xtpeZ]
;L; vj kx% fprkHkLe] ;L; ifjtukp Hkwrx.kk%] d reso f'koa ifre~
bPNfl\**
f'kofuUnka JqRok ikoZrh ozQq k tkrkA lk vonr~&^^vilj vjs okpky! Roa
egs'ojL; ijekFkZLo:ieso u tkukflA tuk% vukfndkykr~ lY ifl;s f'koeso
iwt;fUrA rr~ uksfpra Ro;k lg lEHkk"k.ke~A**
,oeqDRok ;nk lk izLFkkuk; m|rk] rkonso f'ko% oVks% :ia ifjR;T;

rL;k% ekxZe~ vo#; vonr~&^îkoZfr! izhrksfLe ro lY isu riL;;k pA**
38
'kCnkFkkZ%
bPNUrh
dkqZe~
bPNfr Le
ek=ks
rPNRok
q (rr~ $ JqRok)
iq=;k%
vkfn'kr~
Do
vkrikr~
vkRekue~
ozrkfnde~ (ozr $ vkfnde~)
vEc!
izkIrqe~
riL;kFkZe~ (riL;k $ vFkZe)~
dksfi (d% $ vfi)
ifjR;T;
dkuus
Loi.kZoqQVhe~
vuU;eulk
fpje~
lekpjr~
;rks fg
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
bPNk djrh gqbZ

djus osQ fy,
bPNk dh
ekrk ls@ekrk dks
;g lqudj
iq=kh dk@osQ@dh
vkns'k fn;k
dgk
/wi ls
Lo;a dks
miokl vkfn dks
gs ek!
izkIr djus osQ fy,
riL;k osQ fy,
dksbZ
NksM+dj
ou es@a ty
esa
vius ikksa dh oqQfV;k esa
,dkxz fpk ls
cgqr le; rd
djus yxh@djus yxk
D;ksafd
39
lY i% flfnk;d%
dfrfpr~
oVq%
izkfo'kr~
mRFkk;
reqixE; (re~ $ mixE;)
mifo'krq
i`"V~ok
lekpjfl
onfr Le
vf'koe~
olue~
xtpeZ
vjkx%
ifjtuk'p (ifjtuk% $ p)
Hkwrx.kk%
vilj
ijekFkZLo:ieso
(ije $ vFkZLo:ie~ $ ,o)
lYifl;s
uksfpre~ (u $ mfpre~)
izLFkkuk;
m|rk
rkonso (rkor~ $ ,o)
vo#;
izhrksfLe (izhr% $ vfLe)
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
oqQN
czpkjh
izo's k fd;k@vk;k
mBdj
mlosQ ikl tkdj
cSBks@cSBs
iwNdj
djrh gks@djrs gks
cksyrh Fkh@cksyrk Fkk
vey
diM+k@oL=k
gkFkh dk peM+k
lkSUn;Z lkexzh
lsod vkfn
Hkwrizrs vkfn
nwj gVks
fnO; :i dks gh@;FkkFkZ Lo:i
dks gh
lYi dks iwjk djus osQ fy,
mfpr (Bhd) ugha gS
tkus osQ fy,
rS;kj gqbZ
rHkh
jksddj
izlUu gw
40
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
vHkor~
vdFk;r~
vxPNr~
U;osn;r~
viwt;r~
lekpjr~
vkfn'kr~
izkfo'kr~
vonr~
onfr Le
olfr Le
j{kfr Le
fuosn;fr Le
pjfr Le
djksfr Le
xPNfr Le
iwt;fr Le
iBfr Le
2- mnkgj.ke~ vuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk& olfr Le
olr% Le
-----------------
olfUr Le
-----------------
j{kr% Le
-----------------
-----------------
-----------------
oqQoZfUr Le
iwt;fr Le
----------------pjfr Le
-----------------
-----------------
([k) iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k%
vdFk;rke~
vdFk;u~
izFkeiq#"k%
vdFk;r~
-----------------
izFkeiq#"k%
vj{kr~
viwt;rke~
-----------------
viwt;u~
-----------------
41
lY i% flfnk;d%
(x) iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk& e;eiq#"k%
volre~
e;eiq#"k%
vol%
-----------------
volr
-----------------
e;eiq#"k%
-----------------
viwt;re~
-----------------
vpjr
(?k) iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk& mkeiq#"k%
viBe~
viBko
-----------------
viBke
-----------------
vjp;ko
-----------------
mkeiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
vfy[ke~
-----------------
3- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&

(d) fuHkZ;a tua d% Lo;eso j{kfr\
([k) ikoZrh riL;kFk oqQ=k vxPNr~\
(x) d% vf'koa pjfr\
(?k) f'kofuUnka JqRok dk ozQq k tkrk\
() oVq:is.k riksoua d% izkfo'kr~\
4- d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;fr&
d%@dk
;Fkk& oRls! Do dfBua ri%\
de~@dke~
ekrk
(d) vEc! ifr:is.k f'koa izkIrqa riL;ka dfj";kfeA ------------------------([k) v=kSo ozrkfnoaQ oqQ#A
(x) vf; ikoZfr! lR;eso Roa f'koa ifrfePNfl\ ------------------------(?k) vilj] vjs okpky!
ikoZrhe~
-------------
-------------
-------------
() ikoZfr! izhrksfLe ro riL;;kA
-------------------------------------
42
5- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) oVqa n`"V~ok ikoZrh lknja fde~ vonr~\
([k) oVq% ikoZrha fde~ vi`PNr~\
(x) ukjnopuizHkkokr~ ikoZrh d dkZeq ~ ,sPNr~\
6- etw"kkr% inkfu fpRok lekukFkZdkfu inkfu fy[kr&
ekrk
n`"V~ok
dkuus
tUro%
ous
-----------------
i'ko%
-----------------
tuuh
-----------------
u;ukfu
-----------------
foyksD;
-----------------
7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja injpuka oqQ#r&

;Fkk & olfr Le
(d) i';fr Le
volr~
---------------------
([k) fy[kfr Le
---------------------
(x) fpUr;fr Le
---------------------
(?k) onfr Le
---------------------
() xPNfr Le
---------------------
us=kkf.k
43
lY i% flfnk;d%
;Fkk& vfy[kr~
(d) -----------------
fy[kfr LeA
dFk;fr LeA
([k) ----------------(x) -----------------
u;fr LeA
iBfr LeA
(?k) ----------------() -----------------
/kofr LeA
glfr LeA
;krO;e~&
^Le* bR;L; iz;ksx%A
;nk orZekudkfyoSQ% /krqfHk% lg ^Le* bR;L; iz;ksx% Hkofr rnk rs /kro%
Hkwrdkfydf;k.kke~ vFk izdV;fUrA
;Fkk&
iBfr Le
xPNfr Le
&
&
i<+rk FkkA
tkrk FkkA
44
v"Ve% ikB%
f=ko.kZ% ot%
(osQpu ckydk% dk'pu ckfydk'p LorU=krk&fnolL; otkjksg.klekjksgs lksRlkga
xPNUr% ijLija layifUrA)
nso's k% & v| LorU=krk&fnol%A vLekoaQ fo|ky;L; izkpk;Z% otkjksg.ka
dfj";frA Nk=kk'p lkaLfrddk;Zeku~ izLrks";fUrA vUrs p eksndkfu
fefy";fUrA
MsfoM% & 'kq p s ! tkukfl Roe~ \
vLekoaQ otL; d uke\
'kqfp% & vjs! d% ,rkn`'k% Hkkjrh;%
;% vL; otL; fo"k;s u
tkukfr\ vLekoaQ ns'kL;
ot% f=ko.kZ% bfrA
lyhe% & #ps! vL; uke f=ko.kZ%
dFke~\
#fp% & vfLeu~ ots =k;% o.kkZ%
lfUr] vr% f=ko.kZ%A d Roe~
,rs"kka o.kkZuka ukekfu tkukfl\
lyhe% & vjs! osQ'kjo.kZ%] 'osr%] gfjr% p ,rs =k;% o.kkZ%A
nso's k% & vLekoaQ ots ,rs =k;% ,o o.kkZ% dFka x`ghrk%\
45
f=ko.kZ% ot%
lyhe%
& ,rs"kka =k;k.kka o.kkZuke~ v=k fo'ks"k% vfHkizk;%A
nso's k%
& d% fo'ks"k%\
lyhe%
& 'k`.kq] osQ'kjo.kZ% 'kkS;LZ ;] 'osr% 'kkUrs%] gfjr'p le`%s lwpdk%

lfUrA Lo;a p v;a ot% vusdRos ,dRoL; |ksrd%A
'kqfp%
& fde~ ,rklka if^dkuke~ vU;nfi egoe~\
MsfoM%
& vke~! dFka u\ otL; mifj fLFkrk osQ'kjif^dk vfXuf'k[kk bo

tZfLork;k% mRlkgL; p lwfpdkA e;s fLFkrk 'osrif^dk
lkfodrk;k% fueZyrk;k% p |ksfrdkA vk% fLFkrk gfjrif^dk
le`%s izxrs'p lfs rdkA
rsftUnj% & 'kqp!s otL; e;s fLFkrL; pL; fdefi egoe~ vfLr\
'kqfp%
& vFk fde~ bne~ v'kksdpozQa lR;L;] /eZL; vglk;k'p |ksrde~A
iz.ko%
& d u tkukfl\ LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus vL; otL; egrh Hkwfedk

vklhr~A
'kqfp%
& dk lk otL; Hkwfedk\
nso's k%
& ,ua ote~ vkfJR; ,o LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyue~ vHkor~A
MsfoM%
& ns'kL; LorU=krk;S y{ehckbZ] egkRekxkU/h] ia- tokgjykyusg:]

lqHkk"kpUnzcksl%] vktkn% pUnz'ks[kj%] Hkxrlg%] ljksftuh uk;Mw]
v#.kk vkliQ vyh bR;kn;% vkthoua la?k"kZe~ voqQoZuA~ y{kkfkdk%
p tuk% Loku~ izk.kku~ vfi vR;tu~A
rsftUnj% & vLekoaQ f=ko.kZ% ot% LokfHkekuL; izrhd%A loS%Z vfi Hkkjrh;S%
vL; lEeku% dj.kh;%A vr% vLekoaQ lVYi% L;kr~ ;r~ vL;
jk"VotL; lEekuj{kkFk o;a losZ Lo&Lo&drZO;s rRijk% HkoseA
t;rq f=ko.kZ% ot%] t;rq Hkkjre~A
46
'kCnkFkkZ%
f=ko.kZ% ot%
&
rhu jaxksa okyk >aMk (frjaxk >aMk)
layifUr
&
okrkZyki djrs gS@a djrh gSa
izLrks";fUr
&
izLrqr djrs gS@a djrh gSa
eksndkfu
&
yM~Mw
'kkS;ZL;
&
ohjrk dk@osQ@dh
tZfLork;k%
&
tkZ dh
vkfJR;
&
lgkjk ysdj
y{kkf/dk%
&
yk[kksa ls vf/d
vH;kl%
1- 'kqdFkuL; le{ke~ ^vke~* v'kqdFkuL; le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&
(d) vLekoaQ jk"VL; ots =k;% o.kkZ% lfUrA
([k) ots gfjro.kZ% 'kkUrs% izrhd% vfLrA
(x) ots osQ'kjo.kZ% 'kDR;k% lwpd% vfLrA
(?k) LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus y{kkf/dk% tuk% Loizk.kku~ vR;tu~A
() vLekoaQ ot% vusdRos ,dRoL; lwpd%A
47
f=ko.kZ% ot%
2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;Dq rka foHkfDra opua p fy[kr&

inkfu
foHkfDr%
opue~
le`%s
=k;k.kke~
-----------------
"k"Bhcgqopue~
-----------------
o.kkZuke~
-----------------
-----------------
mRlkgL;
-----------------
-----------------
ukxfjoSQ%
-----------------
-----------------
if^dkuke~
-----------------
-----------------
izk.kkuke~
-----------------
-----------------
;Fkk&
3- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) vLekoaQ ots dfr o.kkZ% lfUr\
([k) f=ko.ksZ ots 'kDR;k% lwpd% d% o.kZ%\
(x) v'kksdpozQa dL; |ksrde~ vfLr\
(?k) f=ko.kZ% ot% dL; izrhd%\
4- ,dokD;su mkjr&
(d) vLekoaQ otL; 'osro.kZ% dL; lwpd% vfLr\
([k) LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus dL; egrh Hkwfedk vklhr~\
(x) vLekfHk% dL; ekulEekuj{kk dj.kh;k\
(?k) otL; 'osrif^dk dL;k% lwfpdk vfLr\
5- vkksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfVrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) vLekoaQ f=ko.kZot% fo'ofot;h HkosrA~
([k) Lo/ekZr~ izekna o;a u oqQ;kZeA
48
(x) ,rr~ loZe~ vLekoaQ usr`.kka ln~c

q %s lRiQye~A
(?k) 'k=kw.kka le{ka fot;% lqfuf'pr% HkosrA~
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
'kCnk%
;Fkk& if^dk
foHkfDr%
"k"Bh
,dopue~
if^dk;k%
vfXuf'k[kk
lIreh
tkZ
prqFkhZ
vfXuf'k[kk;ke~
-----------------
vglk
f}rh;k
liQyrk
ipeh
vglke~
-----------------
lwfpdk
r`rh;k
lwfpd;k
f}opue~
if^d;ks%
-----------------
cgqopue~
if^dkuke~
-----------------
tkZH;ke~
-----------------
-----------------
liQyr;ks%
-----------------
-------------------------------------------------
7- leqfpresyua Rok fy[kr&

d
[k
osQ'kjo.kZ%
tZfLork;k% mRlkgL; p lwfpdk
v'kksdpe~
le`%s lwpd%
'osro.kZ%
lkfodrk;k% fueZyrk;k% p lwfpdk
'osrif^dk
lR;L;] /eZL; vglk;k'p |ksrde~
gfjro.kZ%
'kkS;LZ ; lwpd%
osQ'kjif^dk
le`%s xrs% p laoQs frdk
gfjrif^dk
'kkUrs% lwpd%
49
foeku;kua jp;ke
uoe% ikB%
foeku;kua jp;ke
jk?ko! ek/o! lhrs! yfyrs!
foeku;kua jp;ke A
uhys xxus foiqys foeys
ok;qfogkja djoke AA1AA
mro`{ka rqa Hkoua
kURokdk'ka [kyq ;ke A
Rok fgeoUra lksikua
pfUnjyksoQa izfo'kke AA2AA
'kq'pUnz% lw;ksZ xq#fjfr
xzgku~ fg lokZu~ x.k;ke A
fofo/k% lqUnjrkjkf'pRok
ekSfDrdgkja jp;ke AA3AA
vEcqnekyke~ vEcjHkw"kke~
vknk;So fg izfr;ke A
nq%f[kr&ihfMr&f"kdtukuka
x`gs"kq g"k tu;ke AA4AA
& fo'okl%
50
'kCnkFkkZ%
foeku;kue~
&
gokbZ tgkt
jp;ke
&
(ge) cuk,
foiqys
&
foLr`r (vkdk'k) esa
foeys
&
fueZy (vkdk'k) esa
ok;qfogkje~
&
ok;q;k=kk (vkdk'k esa ;k=kk)
djoke
&
(ge) djsa
mro`{ke~
&
ps o`{k dks
rqe~
&
pk
kURok
&
ikj djosQ
;ke
&
(ge) pysa
fgeoUra lksikue~
&
ciZQ dh lh<+h dks
pfUnjyksde~
&
pUnzyksd dks
izfo'kke
&
(ge) izo's k djsa
x.k;ke
&
(ge) fxusa
fpRok
&
pqudj
ekSfDrdgkje~
&
eksfr;ksa osQ gkj dks
vEcqnekyke~
&
cknyksa dh ekyk dks
vEcjHkw"kke~
&
vkdk'k dh 'kksHkk dks
vknk;
&
ysdj
izfr;ke
&
(ge) ykSVas
tu;ke
&
(ge) mRi djsa
51
foeku;kua jp;ke
vH;kl%
1- ikBs nka xhra lLoja xk;r&
2- dks"BdkUrxZr"s kq 'kCns"kq r`rh;k&foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
;Fkk& uHk% pUnzs.k 'kksHkrsA (pUnz)
(d) lk ------------------- tysu eq[ka iz{kky;frA (foey)

([k) jk?ko% ------------------- fogjfrA (foeku;ku)
(x) d.B% ------------------- 'kksHkrsA (ekSfDrdgkj)
(?k) uHk% ------------------- izdk'krsA (lw;)Z
() ioZrf'k[kje~ ------------------- vkd"kZoQa n`';rsA (vEcqnekyk)
3- fHkoxZL; ina fpuqr&
fHkoxZ%
vEcqn%
;Fkk& lw;%Z ] pUnz%] vEcqn%] 'kq%A
------------------(d) i=kkf.k] iq"ikf.k] iQykfu] fe=kkf.kA
------------------([k) typj%] [kspj%] Hkwpj%] fu'kkpj%A
------------------(x) xko%] lgk%] dPNik%] xtk%A
------------------(?k) e;wjk%] pVdk%] 'kqdk%] e.Mwdk%A
------------------() iqLrdky;%] ';kei^%] izkpk;Z%] lkSfpd%A
------------------(p) ys[kuh] iqfLrdk] v;kfidk] vtkA
4- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) osQ ok;q;kua jp;fUr\
([k) ok;q;kua dhn`'ka o`{ka dhn`'ka Hkoua p kURok mifj xPNfr\
(x) o;a dhn`'ka lksikua jp;ke\
(?k) o;a dfLeu~ yksoQs izfo'kke\
() vkdk'ks dk% fpRok ekSfDrdgkja jp;ke\
(p) osQ"kka x`g"s kq g"k tu;ke\
52
5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r&
mr%
i`fFkO;ke~
xxus
lqUnj%
fpRok
vlqUnj%
vour%
'kksd%
nq%[kh
g"kZ%
fodh;Z
lq[kh
6- leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

foHkfDr%
,dopue~
izFkek
Hkkuq%
-----------f}rh;k
-----------r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
lk/os
ipeh
oVks%
-----------"k"Bh
lIreh
f'k'kkS
lEcks/u
gs fo".kks!
7- i;kZ;&inkfu ;kst;r&
xxus
tyn%
foeys
fu'kkdj%
pUnz%
vkdk'ks
lw;Z%
fueZys
vEcqn%
fnokdj%
f}opue~
Hkkuw
-----------i'kqH;ke~
----------------------foHoks%
-----------------------
cgqopue~
-----------xq:u~
-------------------------------------------------------------------
53
fo'ocU/qRoe~
n'ke% ikB%
fo'ocU/qRoe~
dkjdfoHkfDr% miinfoHkfDr p
mRlos] O;lus] nqfHkZ{ks] jk"VfoIyos] 'k=kqld

a Vs p ;% lgk;rka djksfr l% cUkq%
HkofrA ;fn fo'os loZ=k ,rkn`'k% Hkko% Hkosr~ rnk fo'ocU/qRoa lEHkofrA
ijUrq v/quk fuf[kys lalkjs dygL; v'kkUrs% p okrkoj.ke~ vfLrA ;su
ekuok% ijLija u fo'olfUrA rs ijL; d"Va Lodh;a d"Va u x.k;fUrA vfi p
leFkkZ% ns'kk% vleFkkZu~ ns'kku~ izfr mis{kkHkkoa izn'kZ;fUr] rs"kke~ mifj Lodh;a
izHkqRoa p LFkki;fUrA rLekr~ dkj.kkr~ lalkjs loZ=k fo}s"kL;] 'k=kqrk;k%] glk;k%
p Hkkouk n`';rsA ns'kkuka fodkl% vfi vo#% HkofrA
,rs"kka los"Z kka dkj.ka fo'ocU/qRoL; vHkko ,oA b;e~ egrh vko';drk
orZrs ;r~ ,d% ns'k% vijs.k ns'ksu lg fueZyus n;su cUkqrk;k% O;ogkja oqQ;kZrA~
;fn b;a Hkkouk fo'oL; tus"kq cyorh L;kr~ rnk fodflrkfodflrns'k;ks%
e;s LoLFkk Li/kZ Hkfo";frA ;su losZ ns'kk% KkufoKku;ks% {ks=ks eS=khHkkou;k
lg;ksxus p le`fa izkIrqa leFkkZ% Hkfo";fUrA
vLekfHk% vo';a ;krO;a ;r~ fo'oL; los"Z kq izkf.k"kq lekua #f/ja izljfrA
lw;LZ ; pUnzL; p izdk'k% loZ=k leku:is.k izljfrA vusu Kk;rs ;r~ izfr%
vfi los"Z kq leRosu O;ogjfr] rLekr~ vLekfHk% loS%Z ijLija oSjHkkoe~ vigk;
fo'ocU/qRoa LFkkiuh;e~A
54
vr% fo'oL; dY;k.kk; ,rkn`'kh Hkkouk Hkosr&~

v;a fut% ijks osfr x.kuk y?kqprs lke~ A
mnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/o
S oqQVqEcde~ AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
O;lus
&
ladV osQ le; ij
nqfHkZ{ks
&
vdky iM+us ij
jk"VfoIyos
&
jk"V@ns'k ij vkink vkus ij
fo'ocU/qRoe~
&
fo'o osQ izfr HkkbZ&pkjk
fo'olfUr
&
fo'okl djrs gSa
Lodh;e~
&
viuk
mis{kkHkkoe~
&
vuknj dh Hkkouk
fo}s"kL;
&
'k=kqrk dk
vo#%
&
ckf/r
LIk/kZ
&
gksM]+ eqdkcyk
;krO;e~
&
;ku nsuk pkfg,
#f/je~
&
[kwu] jDr
izljfr
&
iSQyrk gS
Kk;rs
&
tkuk tkrk gS
leRosu
&
leku Hkkouk
vigk;
&
NksM+dj
55
fo'ocU/qRoe~
ijks osfr
&
vFkok ijk;k
y?kqpsrlke~
&
{kqnz n; okyksa dk
olq/o
S (olq/k $ ,o)
&
/jrh gh
oqQVqEcde~
&
ifjokj
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
nqfHkZ{ks
jk"VfoIyos
fo'ocU/qRoe~
fo'olfUr
mis{kkHkkoe~
fo}s"kL;
;krO;e~
nq%[kHkko~Q
izn'kZ;fUr

ijL;
nq%[ke~
vkRekue~
ckf/r%
ifjokj%
Lodh;e~
------------------
vo#%
------------------
oqQVqEcde~
------------------
vU;L;
------------------
vigk;
------------------
leè~
------------------
d"Ve~
------------------
fuf[kys
------------------
lEie~
R;DRok
lEiw.ksZ
56
3- js[kkfrkfu inkfu la'kks; fy[kr&

(d) Nk=kk% hMk{ks=ks dUnqdkr~ hMfUrA
([k) rs ckfydk% e/qja xk;fUrA
(x) vga iqLrdky;su iqLrdkfu vku;kfeA
(?k) Roa d uke\
() xq#a ue%A
4- etw"kkr% foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr&
v/quk
fe=krk;k%
y?kqprs lke~
x`ghRok
'k=kqrk;k%
--------------------
iqjk
--------------------
ekuok%
--------------------
mnkjpfjrkuke~
--------------------
lqf[ku%
--------------------
vigk;
--------------------
nq%f[ku%
nkuok%
5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka fy]a foHkfDra opup fy[kr&

inkfu
cU/q%
fye~
--------------------
foHkfDr%
--------------------
opue~
--------------------
ns'kku~
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
?k`.kk;k%
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
57
fo'ocU/qRoe~
oqQVqEcde~
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
j{kk;ke~
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
#f/je~
--------------------
--------------------
--------------------
6- dks"BosQ"kq nks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) fo|ky;e~ mHk;r% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;)
------------------------ mHk;r% xksikfydk%A (".k)
([k) xzkea ifjr% xkspkj.kHkwfe%A (xzke)
------------------------ ifjr% HkDrk%A (efUnj)
(x) lw;kZ; ue%A (lw;)Z
------------------------ ue%A (xq#)
(?k) o`{kL; mifj [kxk%A (o`{k)
------------------------ mifj lSfud%A (v'o)
7- dks"Bdkr~ leqfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d) ------------------- ue%A (gj@gj;s)
([k) ------------------- ifjr% f"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA (xzkeL;@xzkee~)
(x) ------------------- ue%A (vEck;k%@vEck;S)
(?k) ------------------- mifj vfHkusrk vfHku;a djksfrA (epL;@epe~)
() ------------------- mHk;r% iq=kkS Lr%A (firje~@firq%)
58
;krO;e~&
7 f;keknk; ;=k f}rh;kr`rh;k|k% foHkDr;% HkofUr] rk% ^dkjdfoHkDr;%*
bR;qP;UrsA ;Fkk&jke% xzkea xPNfrA ckydk% ;kusu ;kfUr bR;kn;%AA
7 inekfJR; iz;Dq rk foHkfDr% ^miinfoHkfDr%* bR;qP;rsA

;Fkk&xzkea ifjr% oue~A jkes.k lg y{e.k% xPNfrA v=k îfjr%* bfr ;ksxs
xzkeinkr~ f}rh;k rFkk p ^lg* bfr ;ksxs jkeinkr~ iz;Dq rk r`rh;k miinfoHkfDr%
vfLrA
59
leok;ks fg nqtZ;%
,dkn'k% ikB%
leok;ks fg nqtZ;%
iqjk ,dfLeu~ o`{ks ,dk pVdk izfrolfr LeA dkysu rL;k% lUrfr% tkrkA
,dnk df'pr~ izek% xt% rL; o`{kL; v/% vkxR; rL; 'kk[kka 'kq.Msu v=kksV;r~A
pVdk;k% uhMa Hkqfo virr~A rsu v.Mkfu fo'kh.kkZfuA vFk lk pVdk O;yir~A
rL;k% foykia JqRok dk"BowQV% uke [kx% nq%[ksu rke~ vi`PNr~&^^Hknz]s fdeFk
foyifl\** bfrA
pVdkonr~&^^nq"Vsuo
S Qs u xtsu ee lUrfr% ukf'krkA rL; xtL; o/suo
S ee
nq%[ke~ viljsrA~ ** rr% dk"BowQV% rka oh.kkjok&ukEU;k% ef{kdk;k% lehie~ vu;r~A
r;ks% okrk JqRok ef{kdkonr~&^êekfi fe=ka e.Mwd% es?kukn% vfLrA 'kh?kza reqiRs ;
;Fkksfpra dfj";ke%A** rnkuha rkS ef{kd;k lg xRok es?kuknL; iqj% lo o`kkUra
U;osn;rke~A
es?kukn% vonr~&
^^;Fkkga dFk;kfe rFkk
oqQ#re~A ef{kosQ! izFkea
Roa e;ks rL; xtL;
d.ksZ 'kCna oqQ#] ;su l%
u;us fuehY; LFkkL;frA
rnk dk"BowQV% pPok
rL; u;us LiQksVf;";frA
,oa l% xt% vUk%
Hkfo";frA r`"kkrZ% l%
tyk'k;a xfe";frA ekxsZ
60
egku~ xkZ% vfLrA rL; vfUrosQ vga LFkkL;kfe 'kCna p dfj";kfeA ee 'kCnsu
ra xr tyk'k;a eRok l rfLeUuso xrsZ ifr";fr efj";fr pA** vFk rFkkrs l%
xt% e;ks e.MwdL; 'kCne~ vuqlR` ; egr% xrZL; vUr% ifrr% e`r% pA rFkk
pksDre~&
^cgwukeI;lkjk.kka leok;ks fg nqt;
Z %*A
'kCnkFkkZ%
iqjk
&
igys] iqjkus le; esa
'kq.Msu
&
lwM ls
uhMe~
&
?kksl
a ys dks
fo'kh.kkZfu
&
u"V gks x,
reqiRs ; (re~ $ misR;)
&
mlosQ ikl tkdj
e;ks
&
nksigj esa
fuehY;
&
cUn djosQ
LFkkL;fr
&
#d tk,xk
LiQksVf;";fr
&
iQksM+ nsxk
r`"kkrZ% (r`"kk $ vkrZ%)
&
I;kl ls ihfM+r
xrZ%
&
xM~<k
rFkk rs
&
oSlk djus ij
e.MwdL;
&
es<a d dk
vuql`R;
&
vuqlj.k djosQ
ifrr%
&
fxj x;k
e`r%
&
ej x;k
61
leok;ks fg nqtZ;%
pksDre~ (p $ mDre~)
&
vkSj dgk x;k gS
cgwukeI;lkjk.kke~
(cgwuke~ $ vfi $ vlkjk.kke~)
&
vusd fucZyksa dk
leok;%
&
lewg] laxBu
nqtZ;%
&
dfBurk ls thrus ;ksX;
vH;kl%
1- iz'ukuke~ mkjkkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr&
(d)o`{ks dk izfrolfr Le\
([k)o`{kL; v/% d% vkxr%\
(x) xt% osQu 'kk[kke~ v=kksV;r~\
(?k) dk"BowQV% pVdka dL;k% lehie~ vu;r~\
() ef{kdk;k% fe=ka d% vklhr~\
2- js[kkfr kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d)dkysu pVdk;k% lUrfr% tkrkA
([k)pVdk;k% uhMa Hkqfo virr~A
(x) xtL; o/suoS ee nq%[ke~ viljsrA~
(?k) dk"BowQV% pPok xtL; u;us LiQksVf;";frA
3- etw"kkr% f;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
dfj";kfe
xfe";fr
vu;r~
ifr";fr
LiQksVf;";fr
(d)dk"BowQV% pPok xtL; u;us --------------------- A
=kksV;fr
62
([k)ekxsZ fLFkr% vgefi 'kCna --------------------- A

(x) r`"kkrZ% xt% tyk'k;a --------------------- A
(?k) xt% xrsZ --------------------- A
() dk"BowQV% rka ef{kdk;k% lehia --------------------- A
(p) xt% 'kq.Msu o`{k'kk[kk% --------------------- A
4- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr&
(d)pVdk;k% foykia JqRok dk"BowQV% rka fde~ vi`PNr~\
([k)pVdk;k% dk"BowQVL; p okrk JqRok ef{kdk fde~ vonr~\
(x) es?kukn% ef{kdka fde~ vonr~\
(?k) pVdk dk"BowQVa fde~ vonr~\
5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
(d)
([k)
iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
;Fkk&izFkeiq#"k%
ifB";r%
izFkeiq#"k%
ifB";fr
-----------------
izFkeiq#"k%
-----------------
ifr";r%
-----------------
ifB";fUr
-----------------
iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
xfe";Fk%
e;eiq#"k%
xfe";fl
-----------------
xfe";Fk
-----------------
e;eiq#"k%
-----------------
;Fkk&e;eiq#"k%
/kfo";Fk%
-----------------
efj";fUr
hfM";Fk
63
leok;ks fg nqtZ;%
(x)
iq#"k%
,dopue~
f}opue~
cgqopue~
ysf[k";ko%
mkeiq#"k%
ysf[k";kfe
-----------------
ysf[k";ke%
-----------------
mkeiq#"k%
-----------------
;Fkk& mkeiq#"k%
gfl";ko%
-----------------
nz{;ke%
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja ^Le* 'kCna ;kstf;Rok Hkwrdkfydf;ka jp;r&

;Fkk&volr~
&
olfr LeA
--------------------A
viBr~
&
v=kksV;r~
&
--------------------A
virr~
&
vi`PNr~
&
--------------------A
--------------------A
vonr~
&
vu;r~
&
--------------------A
--------------------A
7- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ---------------------- ckfydk e/qja xk;frA (,de~] ,dk] ,d%)
([k) ---------------------- "kdk% f"kdekZf.k oqQoZfUrA (pRokj%] pr%] pRokfj)
(x) ---------------------- i=kkf.k lqUnjkf.k lfUrA (rs] rk%] rkfu)
(?k) /suo% nqX/a ---------------------- A (nnkfr] nnfr] nnfUr)
() o;a laLre~ ---------------------- A (viBe~] viBu~] viBke)
64
}kn'k% ikB%
dYiyrso fo|k
u pkSjgk; u p jktgk;
u Hkzkr`HkkT;a u p Hkkjdkfj A
O;;s rs o/Zr ,o fuR;a
fo|k/ua loZ/uiz/kue~ AA 1 AA
fo|k uke ujL; :ief/oaQ izPNxqIra /ue~
fo|k Hkksxdjh ;'k% lq[kdjh fo|k xq:.kka xq#% A
fo|k cU/qtuks fons'kxeus fo|k ijk nsork
fo|k jktlq iwT;rs u fg /ua fo|k&foghu% i'kq% AA 2 AA
osQ;wjk% u foHkw"k;fUr iq#"ka gkjk u pUksTToyk
u Lukua u foysiua u oqQlqea uky` rk ew/t
Z k% A
ok.;sdk leyjksfr iq#"ka ;k laLrk /k;Zrs
{kh;Urssf[kyHkw"k.kkfu lrra okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ke~ AA 3 AA
ekrso j{kfr firso fgrs fu;q~Drs
dkUrso pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~ A
y{eha ruksfr foruksfr p fn{kq dhfrZe~
d d u lk/;fr dYiyrso fo|k AA 4 AA
65
dYiyrso fo|k
'kCnkFkkZ%
pkSjgk;Ze~
jktgk;Ze~
Hkzkr`HkkT;e~
Hkkjdkfj
izPNxqIre~
Hkksxdjh
ijk
jktlq
osQ;wjk%
pUksTToyk (pU $ mTToyk)
foysiue~
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
uky~rk (u $ vy~rk)
ew/Ztk%
ok.;sdk (ok.kh $ ,dk)
leyjksfr
laLrk
/k;Zrs
{kh;Urssf[kyHkw"k.kkfu
({kh;Urs $ vf[kyHkw"k.kkfu)
fgrs
fu;q~Drs
dkUrso (dkUrk $ bo)
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
pksjksa osQ }kjk pqjkus ;ksX;

jktk osQ }kjk Nhuus ;ksX;
Hkkb;ksa osQ }kjk ckVus ;ksX;
Hkkj c<+kus okyh
futh (vkReh;) xqIr
Hkksx dk lk/u miyC/ djkus okyh
lcls cM+h
jktkvksa esa
cktwcUn
pUek osQ leku pednkj
'kjhj ij ysi djus ;ksX; lqxfU/r&O;
(pUnu] osQlj vkfn)
ugha ltk;k gqvk
os.kh] pksVh
,dek=k ok.kh
vPNh rjg lq'kksfHkr djrh gS
laLdkj;qDr (ifj"r)
/kj.k dh tkrh gS
lEiw.kZ vkHkw"k.k u"V gks tkrs gSa
&
&
&
dY;k.k esa
yxkrk@yxkrh gS
iRuh osQ leku
66
pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~
(p $ vfHkje;fr $ viuh;[ksne~)
ruksfr
fn{kq
lk/;fr
dYiyrso (dYiyrk $ bo)
&
d"V dks nwjdj vkufUnr djrh gS
&
&
&
&
iSQykrh gS (o`f djrh gS)

fn'kkvksa esa
liQy cukrh gS] fl djrh gS
dYiyrk dh rjg
vH;kl%
1- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&
(d) fo|k jktlq iwT;rsA
([k) okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ka uA
(x) fo|k/ua loZ/us"kq iz/kue~A
(?k) fons'kxeus fo|k cU/qtu% u HkofrA
() fo|k loZ=k dhfr ruksfrA
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fya] foHkfDra opup fy[kr&
inkfu
ujL;
fye ~
---------------
foHkfDr%
---------------
opue~
---------------
xq:.kke~
---------------
---------------
---------------
osQ;wjk%
---------------
---------------
---------------
dhfrZe~
---------------
---------------
---------------
Hkw"k.kkfu
---------------
---------------
---------------
67
dYiyrso fo|k
3- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r&
d
[k
fo|k jktlq iwT;rs u fg /ue~
gkjk u pUksTToyk%
osQ;wjk% u foHkw"k;fUr iq#"ke~
u Hkzkr`HkkT;a u p Hkkjdkfj
u pkSjgk; u p jktgk;Ze~
;k laLrk /k;Zrs
ekrso j{kfr firso fgrs fu;qD~ rs
fo|k&foghu% i'kq%
ok.;sdk leyjksfr iq#"ke~
dkUrso pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~
4- ,dinsu iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) d% i'kq%\
([k) dk Hkksxdjh\
(x) osQ iq#"ka u foHkw"k;fUr\
(?k) dk ,dk iq#"ka leyjksfr\
() dkfu {kh;Urs\
5- js[kkfrinkfu vf/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) fo|kfoghu% uj% i'kq% vfLrA
([k) fo|k jktlq iwT;rsA
(x) pUksTToyk% gkjk% iq#"ka u vyoZq fUrA
(?k) firk fgrs fu;qD~ rsA
() fo|k/ua loZi/
z kua /uefLrA
(p) fo|k fn{kq dhfr ruksfrA
68
6- iw.kZokD;su iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) xq:.kka xq#% dk vfLr\
([k) dhn`'kh ok.kh iq#"ka leyjksfr\
(x) O;;s rs d o/Zr\s
(?k) fo|k oqQ=k dhfr foruksfr\
() ekrk firk bo fo|k d d djksfr\
7- etw"kkr% iqf Yy&L=khfy&uiql
a dfyinkfu fpRok fy[kr&
fo|k
;Fkk&
/ue~
laLrk
lrre~
oqQlqee~
ew/Ztk% i'kq%
xq#%
iqfYye~
L=khfye~
uiqaldfye~
gkjk%
------------------
vy` rk
------------------
Hkw"k.ke~
------------------
------------------
------------------
------------------
------------------
------------------
------------------
dkUrk
ve`ra laLre~
69
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
ve`ra laLre~
bdkjkUrL=khfy%
fo'oL; lokZlq Hkk"kklq laLrHkk"kk izkphurek Hkk"kkfLrA Hkk"ks;a chuka Hkk"kk.kka
tuuh erkA vL;keso Hkk"kk;ka KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krksfLrA ;FkksDre~&
^HkkjrL; izfr"Bs }s laLra laLfrLrFkk*A
vL;k% Hkk"kk;k% oSKkfudrka fopk;Z ,o l.kdfo'ks"kKk% dFk;fUr ;r~
laLreso l.kdL; rs loksZ kek Hkk"kk fo|rsA vL;k% ok~e;a osn%S ] iqjk.kS%]
uhfr'kkL=kS% fpfdRlk'kkL=kkfnfHk'p leèfLrA dkfynklln`'kkuka fo'odohuka
dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~A pk.kD;jfpre~ vFkZ'kkL=ka txfr izflefLrA xf.kr'kkL=ks
'kwU;L; izfriknua loZiFz kea HkkLdjkpk;Z% flkUrf'kjkse.kkS vdjksrA~ fpfdRlk'kkL=ks
pjdlqJrq ;ks% ;ksxnkua fooizfle~A laLrs ;kfu vU;kfu 'kkL=kkf.k fo|Urs
rs"kq [kxksyfoKkua] okLrq'kkL=ka] jlk;u'kkL=ka] T;ksfr"k'kkL=ka] foeku'kkL=ka p
mYys[kuh;e~A
laLrL; bna oSf'k"V~;a orZrs ;r~ vL;k% ok~e;s
fo|ekuk% lwDr;% vH;qn;k; izjs ;fUrA ofj"Bku~ dfu"Bku~
p izfr vLekfHk% dFka O;ogrZO;e~ bR;L; O;kogkfjoaQ Kkua
laLreso nnkfrA HkkjrloZdkjL; fofHks"kq foHkkxs"kq laLrL;
lwDr;% ;s;okD;:is.k Lohrk% lfUrA HkkjrloZdkjL;
jktfps iz;Dq rka lwfDra ^lR;eso t;rs* losZ tkufUrA ,oeso
jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqlUkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn% ;s;okD;a ^fo|;ke`re'uqr*s
orZrAs
70
osQpu dFk;fUr ;r~ laLrHkk"kk;ka osQoya /kfeZoQa lkfgR;e~ orZr&s ,"kk

kkj.kk lehphuk ukfLrA laLrxzUFks"kq ekuothouk; fofo/k% fo"k;k% lekfo"Vk%
lfUrA egkiq#"kk.kka efr%] mketukuka /`fr% lkekU;tukuka thouifr% p of.kZrk%
lfUrA vr% vLekfHk% laLre~ vo';eso iBuh;a ;su euq";L; lektL; p
ifj"dkj% HkosrA~ mDrp&
ve`ra laLra fe=k !
ljla ljya op% A
,drkewyoaQ jk"Vs
KkufoKkuiks"kde~ AA
'kCnkFkkZ%
Hkk"ks;e~ (Hkk"kk $ b;e~)
&
;g Hkk"kk
erk
&
ekuh xbZ gS
fuf/%
&
[ktkuk
fopk;Z
&
fopkj dj
l.kdfo'ks"kKk%
&
dEI;wVj osQ fo'ks"kK
ok~e;e~
&
lkfgR;
vuqiee~
&
vrqyuh;
txfr
&
lalkj esa
[kxksyfoKkue~
&
vUrfj{kfoKku
jlk;u'kkL=ke~
&
osQfeLVh
ofj"Bku~
&
vius ls cM+ksa dks
ve`ra laLre~
71
dfu"Bku~
dFka O;ogrZO;e~
;s;okD;:is.k
&
&
&
k`fr%
,drkewyde~
&
&
vius ls NksVksa dks

fdl izdkj O;ogkj djuk pkfg,
;ku j[kus ;ksX; (egoiw.kZ) okD;
osQ :i esa
/S;Z
,drk dk ewy
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
chuke~
l.kdL;
fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~
oSf'k"V~;e~
Hkwxksy'kkL=ke~
ok~e;s
fo|ekuk%
vFkZ'kkL=ke~
2- iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dk Hkk"kk izkphurek \
([k) Hkkjrh;laLrs% j{k.ka osQu lEHkofr \
(x) pk.kD;su jfpra 'kkL=ka fde~ \
(?k) dL;k% Hkk"kk;k% dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~\
() 'kwU;L; izfriknua d% vdjksr\~
3- iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr&
(d) HkkjrloZdkjL; jktfps d fyf[kre~ vfLr \
([k) laLrL; ok~e;a oSQ% leèfLr \
72
(x) laLrL; lwDr;% osQu :is.k Lohrk% lfUr\

(?k) vLekfHk% laLra fdeFk iBuh;e~ \
4- bdkjkUr&L=khfy' kCn:ie~ vf/R; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
xfr (izFkek)
xfr%
xrh
xr;%
efr (izFkek)
--------
--------
er;%
cqf (f}rh;k)
cqfe~
cqh
cqh%
izhfr (f}rh;k)
--------
izhrh
--------
uhfr (r`rh;k)
uhR;k
uhfrH;ke~
uhfrfHk%
'kkfUr (r`rh;k)
--------
--------
'kkfUrfHk%
efr (prqFkhZ)
eR;S@er;s
efrH;ke~
efrH;%
izfr (prqFkhZ)
--------@--------
izfrH;ke~
--------
dhfrZ (ipeh)
dhR;kZ%@dhrs%Z
dhfrZH;ke~
dhfrZH;%
xhfr (ipeh)
--------@--------
xhfrH;ke~
--------
lwfDr ("k"Bh)
lwDrs%@lwDR;k%
lwDR;ks%
lwDrhuke~
fr ("k"Bh)
--------@--------
--------
rhuke~
/`fr (lIreh)
/`rkS@/`R;ke~
/`R;ks%
/`fr"kq
Hkhfr (lIreh)
HkhrkS@-------
--------
--------
efr (lEcks/u)
gs ers!
gs erh!
gs er;%!
ve`ra laLre~
73
5- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vf/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) laLrs KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krksfLrA
([k) laLreso l.kdL; rs loksZ kek Hkk"kkA
(x) 'kY;f;k;k% o.kZua laLrlkfgR;s vfLrA
(?k) ofj"Bku~ izfr vLekfHk% fiz;a O;ogkZO;e~A
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkuka foHkfDra opup fy[kr&
inkfu
foHkfDr%
opue~
;Fkk&laLrs%
xfr%
"k"Bh
--------------
,dopue~
--------------
uhfre~
--------------
--------------
lwDr;%
--------------
--------------
'kkUR;k
--------------
--------------
izhR;S
--------------
--------------
efr"kq
--------------
--------------
7- ;Fkk;ksX;a la;ksT; fy[kr&

d
[k
nwjn'kZuL; vkn'kZokD;e~
uHk% Li`'ka nhIre~A
pk.kD;su
;ksx{ksea ogkE;ge~A
thouchekfuxeL; vkn'kZokD;e~
HkkLdjkpk;Z%A
'kwU;L; vkfo"drkZ
lR;a f'koa lqUnje~A
ok;qlus k;k% vkn'kZokD;e~
vFkZ'kkL=ka jfpre~A
74
;krO;e~&
7 vfLeu~ ikBs laLfr&Le`fr&uhfr&lwfDr&ifjfLFkfr&ifr&n`f"V&k`fr&'kkfUr&
izhfr&bR;kn;% 'kCnk% iz;Dq rk% lfUrA ,rs 'kCnk% xfr&efr&'kCnor~ L=khfyX
iz;Dq rk% HkofUrA
7 ,rs"kka 'kCnkuka prqFkhZ&ipeh&"k"Bh&lIreh&foHkfDrhukesdopus }s }s :is

Hkor%A ;Fkk&xR;S&xr;s] xR;k%&xrs%] xR;ke~&xrkSA
7 xf.kr'kkL=ke~
&
Mathematics; Comprises Arithmetic, Algebra

and Geometry
fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~
&
Medical Science (Administering remedies or

medicine)
okLrq'kkL=ke~
&
Architecture
jlk;u'kkL=ke~
&
Chemistry
T;ksfr"k'kkL=ke~
&
Astronomy
foeku'kkL=ke~
&
Aeronautics
vukfjdk;k% ftKklk
75
prqnZ'k% ikB%
vukfjdk;k% ftKklk
dkjkUriqf Yy%
ckfydk;k% vukfjdk;k% eufl loZnk egrh ftKklk HkofrA vr% lk cgwu~
iz'uku~ i`PNfrA rL;k% iz'uS% los"Z kka cqf% por~ HkzefrA
izkr% mRFkk; lk vUoHkor~ ;r~ rL;k% eu% izla ukfLrA euksfouksnk; lk
Hkzferqa x`gkr~ cfg%
vxPNr~ fpja p
vHkzer~A Hkze.kdkys
lk vi';r~ ;r~ ekxkZ%
lqlfTtrk% lfUrA d
dkj.ke~ v=k bfr
fpUr;Urh lk vLejr~
;r~ v| rq eU=kh
vkxfe";frA l%
fdeFkZe~ vkxfe";fr
bfr fo"k;s rL;k%
ftKklk% izkjCkk%A rk% ftKklk% 'kef;rqe~ lk x`ga izR;kxPNr~ firja p
vi`PNr~&^^fir%! eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** firk vonr~&^îqf=k! u|k% mifj
;% uohu% lsr%q fufeZr% rL; mn~?kkVukFk eU=kh vkxPNfrA** vukfjdk iqu%
vi`PNr~&^^fir%! d eU=kh lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ vdjksr\~ ** firk vdFk;r~&^û fg
76
iqf=k] lsrks% fuekZ.ka deZdjk% voqQoZuA~ ** iqu% vukfjdk;k% iz'u% vklhr~&^^;fn

deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ voqQoZu~] rnk eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** firk
vonr~&^^;rksfg l% vLekoaQ ns'kL; eU=khA** ^^fir%] lsrks% fuekZ.kk; izLrjkf.k
oqQr% vk;kfUr\ d rkfu eU=kh nnkfr\**
fojDrHkkosu firk mnrjr~&^^vukfjosQ! izLrjkf.k tuk% ioZrHs ;% vku;fUrA**
^^fir%! rfgZ fde~\ ,rnFk eU=kh /ua nnkfr\ rL; ik'osZ /ukfu oqQr% vkxPNfUr\**
,rku~ iz'uku~ JqRok firkonr~&^^vjs! iztk% loZdkjk; /ua iz;PNfUrA** fofLerk
vukfjdk iquji`PNr~&^^fir%! ;fn deZdjk% ioZrHs ;% izLrjkf.k vkuh; lsraq fuekZfUr]
iztk% loZdkjk; /ua nnfr] rfgZ eU=kh lsrks% mn~?kkVukFk fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\**
cgwu~ iz'uku~ mkju~ firk vonr~&^îzFkeeso vge~ vdFk;e~ ;r~ l% ,o
ns'kL; eU=kh vfLrA cgqi'z uku~ djksf"kA py] lqlfTtrk HkwRok fo|ky;a xPNA**
bnkuhe~ vfi vukfjdk;k% eufl cgo% iz'uk% lfUrA
'kCnkFkkZ%
egrh
vUoHkor~
euksfouksnk;
fpUr;Urh
vLejr~
'kef;rqe~
lsrq%
mnrjr~
izLrjkf.k
loZdkjk;
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
cM+h
vuqHko fd;k
eu izlUu djus osQ fy,
lksprh gqbZ
;kn fd;k
'kkUr djus osQ fy,
iqy
mkj fn;k
iRFkj
ljdkj osQ fy,
vukfjdk;k% ftKklk
77
fuekZfUr
nnfr
mkju~
&
&
&
fuekZ.k djrs gSa@cukrs gSa

nsrs gSa
mkj nsrk gqvk
vH;kl%
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
eU=kh
deZdjk%
Hkzkr.kke~
usrfj
fuekZ.ke~
ftKklk
mn~?kkVukFkZe~
vi`PNr~
2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuka mkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) dL;k% egrh ftKklk orZr\s
([k) eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\
(x) lsrks% fuekZ.ka osQ voqQoZu\~
(?k) lsrks% fuekZ.kk; deZdjk% izLrjkf.k oqQr% vku;fUrA
() osQ loZdkjk; /ua iz;PNfUr\
(d) vukfjdk;k% iz'uS% los"Z kka cqf% por~ HkzefrA
([k) eU=kh lsrks% mn~?kkVukFkZe~ vkxPNfrA
(x) deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ oqQoZfUrA
(?k) ioZrHs ;% izLrjkf.k vkuh; lsrks% fuekZ.ka HkofrA
() tuk% loZdkjk; ns'kL; fodklkFk /ua nnfrA
Hkzk=kk
fi=ks
fir`H;ke~
fpUr;Urh
78
4- mnkgj.kkuqlkja :ikf.k fy[kr&

foHkfDr%
,dopue~
f}opue~
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
firk
----------
firjkS
nkrkje~
----------
nkrkjkS
/k=kk
----------
/krkjkS
---------
firj% (fir`)
---------- (Hkzkr`)
nkru~ (nkr`)
---------- (/kr`)
dr`ZH;ke~
/kr`fHk% (/kr`)
---------- (drZ)`
fo/k=ks
usr`H;ke~
----------
usr`H;% (usr`)
---------- (fo/kr`)
drq%Z
----------
dr`HZ ;ke~
----------
drZ`H;% (dr`)Z
firq%
----------
fi=kks%
Hkzk=kks%
fir.kke~ (fir`)
---------- (Hkzkr`)
lforfj
lfo=kks%
----------
lfor`"kq (lfor`)
---------- (vfHkusr)`
gs tkekrjkS!
----------
gs tkekrj% (tkekr`)
---------- (uIr`)
us=ks
vfHkusrfj
lEcks/ue~
HkzkrjkS
cgqopue~
gs tkekr%!
gs uIr%!
grZH` ;% (gr`)Z
5- dks"BosQH;% leqfprinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) vga izkr% ------------------ lg Hkze.kk; xPNkfeA (fi=kk@firq%)
([k) ckyk vki.kkr~ ------------------ iQykfu vku;frA (Hkzkrq%@Hkzk=ks)
vukfjdk;k% ftKklk
79
(x) deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.kL; ------------------ HkofUrA (drkZje~@dkkZj%)

(?k) ee ------------------ rq ,rs"kka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k vnnkr~A (firk@firj%)
() ro ------------------ oqQ=k thfodksiktZua oqQ#r%\ (Hkzkrj%@HkzkrjkS)
/kj;fUr
ckyk%
ol;kue~
N=ke~
rs
vkjksgfUr
o"kkZ;ke~
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r&

--------------------------------------------------------iz'uk%
uohu%
---------------------------------------------------------
izkr%
---------------------------------------------------------
vkxPNfr
---------------------------------------------------------
izlUu%
---------------------------------------------------------
80
ipn'k% ikB%
ykyuxhre~
mfnrs lw;sZ /j.kh foglfr A
i{kh owQtfr deya fodlfr AA1AA
unfr efUnjs mPpS<ZDdk A
lfjr% lfyys lsyfr ukSdk AA2AA
iq"is iq"is ukukjXk% A
rs"kq M;Urs fp=kirXk% AA3AA
o`{ks o`{ks uwrui=ke~ A
fofo/So.Z kSfZ oZHkkfr fp=ke~ AA4AA
/suq% izkr;ZPNfr nqX/e~ A
'kqa LoPNa e/qja fLuX/e~ AA5AA
xgus fofius O;k?kzks xtZfr A
mPpSLr=k p flag% unZfr AA6AA
gfj.kks;a [kknfr uo?kkle~ A
loZ=k p i';fr lfoykle~ AA7AA
m"V% rqX% eUna xPNfr A
i`"Bs izpjq a Hkkja fuogfr AA8AA
?kksVdjkt% f{kiza /kofr A
/koule;s fdefi u [kknfr AA9AA
i';r HkYyqdfeea djkye~ A
u`R;fr FkFkFkS oqQ# djrkye~ AA10AA
&lEinkuUnfeJ%
81
ykyuxhre~
'kCnkFkkZ%
mfnrs
&
mxus ij] fudyus ij
unfr
&
vkokt@ofu djrk gS
mPpS%
&
ph vkokt es]a tksj ls
<Ddk
&
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M;Urs
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fp=kirXk%
&
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&
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foHkkfr
&
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ngkM+rk gS
rqX%
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pk
fuogfr
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&
tYnh ls] rsTkh ls
HkYyqd% (HkYywd%)
&
Hkkyw
djkye~
&
Hk;kud
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&
rkyh
82
vH;kl%
1- xhre~ lLoja xk;rA
2- ,dinsu mkjr&
(d) dk foglfr\
([k) fde~ fodlfr\
(x) O;k?kz% oqQ=k xtZfr\
(?k) gfj.k% fda [kknfr\
() eUna d% xPNfr\
(d) lfyys ukSdk lsyfrA
([k) iq"is"kq fp=kirXk% M;UrsA
(x) m"V% i`"Bs Hkkja ogfrA
(?k) /koule;s v'o% fdefi u [kknfrA
() mfnrs lw;Zs /j.kh foglfrA
i`fFkoh
nsoky;s
tys
ous
e`x%
Hk;je~
/j.kh
-----------------------
fofius
-----------------------
djkye~
-----------------------
gfj.k%
-----------------------
lfyys
-----------------------
efUnjs
-----------------------
83
ykyuxhre~
5- foykseinkfu esy;r&
eUne~
uwrue~
uhpS%
fLuX/e~
dBksj%
izpqje~
iqjkrue~
mPpS%
vi;kZIre~
f{kize~
6- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka û* bfr fy[kr&

(d) /koule;s v'o% [kknfrA
([k) m"V% i`"Bs Hkkja u ogfrA
(x) flag% uhpS% ks'kfrA
(?k) iq"is"kq fp=kirk% M;UrsA
() ous O;k?kz% xtZfrA
(p) gfj.k% uo?kkle~ u [kknfrA
7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r&
;Fkk& fp=kir%
(izFkek&cgqopus)
&
HkYyqd%
(r`rh;k&,dopus)
&
fp=kirk%
-------------------
m"V%
(ipeh&f}opus)
&
-------------------
gfj.k%
(lIreh&cgqopus)
&
-------------------
O;k?kz%
(f}rh;k&,dopus)
&
-------------------
?kksVdjkt%
(lEcks/u&,dopus)
&
-------------------
84
[kxk%
M;Urs
fodlfUr
lw;Z%
deykfu
fp=kirk%
mnsfr
owQtfUr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hMfUr
ckyk%
eye~
fo'okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqo A
;n~ Hka rUu vk lqo AA 1 AA
&Xosn% (5-82-5)
ijLijfojksf/U;ksjsdlaJ;nqyZHke~ A
lra JhljLoR;ksHkwZr;sLrq lnk lrke~ AA 2 AA
&foeksoZ'kh;e~ (5-24)
HkkokFkZ%
gs lw;Z nso! gekjs leLr ikiksa dks nwj djsa rFkk tks gekjs fy, eXydkjd
gS mls gesa iznku djsa AA 1 AA
,d nwljs osQ fojks/ esa jgus okyh y{eh vkSj ljLorh dk ,d vkJ; esa
nqyZHk lekxe lnk lTtuksa osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gks AA 2 AA
85
ifjf'k"Ve~
o.kZfopkj%
1- o.kkZ%
laLrs bnkuha 48 o.kkZuka iz;ksx% HkofrA rs eq[;r;k Hkkx=k;s.k foHkDrk% lfUr]
1&Lojk% 2&O;tukfu 3&v;ksxokgk'psfr] ;Fkk&
Lojk%&13
gLoLojk%&5
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voxhZ;O;tukfu&8
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86
2- mPpkj.kLFkkukfu
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eu% dk;kfXuekgfUr l izjs ;fr ek#re~ AA
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v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A
ftkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA
,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu v"VkS lfUrA (i) mj% (ii) d.B% (iii) f'kj%
(iv) ftkewye~ (v) nUrk% (vi) ukfldk (vii) vks"BkS (viii) rkyq%A r|Fkk&
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vks"BkS
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87
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viknkukf/dj.ke~ bR;kgq% dkjdkf.k "kV~ AA
(i) dk`d
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Z kjde~
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(d) jke% xzkea xPNfrA
([k) jkes.k xzke% xE;rsA
deZdkjde~ & dkZjq hfIlrrea deZA dkkZ Lof;;k ;e~ vFkZe~ vfr'k;su izkIrqe~
bPNfr rr~ deZ HkofrA ;Fkk&ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA v=k okD;s ckyd% dkkZ
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dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk&';ke% dyesu fy[kfrA v=k dkq%Z ';keL; ys[ku f;k;ka dye%
vfr'k;su lgk;d% vr% dye bfr dj.kdkjoaQ HkofrA dj.ks r`rh;k&foHkfDr% HkofrA
lEiznkudkjde~ & deZ.kk ;efHkizfS r l lEiznkue~A dkkZ nkuf;;k ;e~ lEcqe~
bPNfr] rr~ lEiznkua HkofrA ;Fkk&nsonk% fHk{kqdk; fHk{kka nnkfrA v=k dkkZ nsonk%
88
nkuf;;k fHk{kqde~ vfHkizfS r lEcUqe~ bPNfrA vr% fHk{kqdina lEiznkudkjde~A

lEiznkus prqFkhZ&foHkfDr% HkofrA
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vf/dj.kdkjde~ & vkkkjksf/dj.ke~A dr`d
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fo|ky; vfkdj.kdkjde~A vf/dj.ks lIreh&foHkfDr% HkofrA
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v/%
vUr%
nksuksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) unhe~ mHk;r% o`{kk% lfUrA

pkjksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a ifjr% izkphje~ vfLrA
lHkh rjiQ (f}rh;k) xzkea loZr% f"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA
dh vksj (f}rh;k) Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfr xPNfrA
lehi esa (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a fud"kk m|kue~ vfLrA
fuUnk (f}rh;k) ew[k f/o~QA
lfgr (r`rh;k) ckfydk ckyosQu lg [ksyfrA
vfrfjDr (r`rh;k@ipeh@f}rh;k) Kkusu fouk thoua o`FkkA
okj.k (r`rh;k) fooknsu vye~A
leFkZ (prqFkhZ) eYy% eYyk; vye~A
ueLdkj (prqFkhZ) fir`no
s k; ue%A
ckgj (ipeh) fo|ky;kr~ cfg% ckydk% [ksyfUrA
ij ("k"Bh) o`{kL; mifj eoZQVk% hMfUrA
uhsps ("k"Bh) o`{kL; v/% ifFkd% mifo'kfrA
Hkhrj ("k"Bh) fo|ky;L; vUr% Nk=kk% iBfUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~
89
'kCn:ikf.k
loZuke&'kCn%
,rr~ (iqf YyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
,"k%
,re~
,rsu
,rLeSs
,rLekr~
,rL;
,rfLeu~
f}opue~
,rkSS
,rkS
,rkH;ke~
,rkH;ke~
,rkH;ke~
,r;kss%
,r;kss%
cgqopue~
,rs
,rku~
,rS%
,rsH;%
,rsH;%
,rs"kke~
,rs"kq
,rr~ (L=khfyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
,"kk
,rke~
,r;k
,rL;Ss
,rL;k%
,rL;k%
,rL;ke~
f}opue~
,rs
,rs
,rkH;ke~
,rkH;ke~
,rkH;ke~
,r;kss%
,r;kss%
cgqopue~
,rk%
,rk%
,rkfHk%
,rkH;%
,rkH;%
,rklke~
,rklq
,rr~ (uiql
a dfyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
,dopue~
,rr~
,rr~
f}opue~
,rs
,rs
cgqopue~
,rkfu
,rkfu
90
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,rsu
,rLeSs
,rLekr~
,rL;
,rfLeu~
,rkH;ke~
,rkH;ke~
,rkH;ke~
,r;kss%
,r;kss%
,rS%
,rsH;%
,rsH;%
,rs"kke~
,rs"kq
fo'ks"k%& loZuke'kCnkuka lEcks/us :ikf.k u HkofUrA
rr~ (iqf YyX)

foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
l%
re~
rsu
rLeSs
rLekr~
rL;
rfLeu~
f}opue~
rkS
rkS
rkH;ke~
rkH;ke~
rkH;ke~
r;kss%
r;kss%
cgqopue~
rs
rku~
rS%
rsH;%
rsH;%
rs"kke~
rs"kq
rr~ (L=khfyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
lk
rke~
r;k
rL;Ss
rL;k%
rL;k%
rL;ke~
f}opue~
rs
rs
rkH;ke~
rkH;ke~
rkH;ke~
r;kss%
r;ks%
cgqopue~
rk%
rk%
rkfHk%
rkH;%
rkH;%
rklke~
rklq
ifjf'k"Ve~
91
rr~ (uiql
a dfyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
rr~
rr~~
rsu
rLeSs
rLekr~
rL;
rfLeu~
f}opue~
rs
rs
rkH;ke~
rkH;ke~
rkH;ke~
r;kss%
r;kss%
cgqopue~
rkfu
rkfu
rS%
rsH;%
rsH;%
rs"kke~
rs"kq
fde~ (iqf YyX)

foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
d%
de~
osQu
dLeS
dLekr~
dL;
dfLeu~
f}opue~
dkS
dkS
dkH;ke~
dkH;ke~
dkH;ke~
d;ks%
d;ks%
cgqopue~
osQ
dku~
oSQ%
osQH;%
osQH;%
osQ"kke~
osQ"kq
fde~ (L=khfyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
,dopue~
dk
dke~
d;k
dL;S
f}opue~
osQ
osQ
dkH;ke~
dkH;ke~
cgqopue~
dk%
dk%
dkfHk%
dkH;%
92
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
dL;k%
dL;k%
dL;ke~
dkH;ke~
d;ks%
d;ks%
dkH;%
dklke~
dklq
fde~ (uiql
a dfyX)
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
,dopue~
fde~
fde~
osQu
dLeS
dLekr~
dL;
dfLeu~
f}opue~
osQ
osQ
dkH;ke~
dkH;ke~
dkH;ke~
d;ks%
d;ks%
cgqopue~
dkfu
dkfu
oSQ%
osQH;%
osQH;%
osQ"kke~
osQ"kq
bdkjkUr&L=khfy&'kCn%
efr
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
efr%
efre~
eR;k
eR;S@er;s
eR;k%@ers%
eR;k%@ers%
eR;ke~@erkS
gs ers!
f}opue~
erh
erh
efrH;ke~
efrH;ke~
efrH;ke~
eR;ks%
eR;ks%
gs erh!
cgqopue~
er;%
erh%
efrfHk%
efrH;%
efrH;%
erhuke~
efr"kq
gs er;%!
,oeso xfr&fLFkfr&'kfDr&izhfr&fr&bR;knhuke~ bdkjkUr&L=khfy&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
ifjf'k"Ve~
93
bZdkjkUr&L=khfy& 'kCn%
unh
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
unh
unhe~
u|k
u|S
u|k%
u|k%
u|ke~
gs ufn!
f}opue~
u|kS
u|kS
unhH;ke~
unhH;ke~
unhH;ke~
u|ks%
u|ks%
gs u|kS!
cgqopue~
u|%
unh%
unhfHk%
unhH;%
unhH;%
unhuke~
unh"kq
gs u|%!
,oes o Hkfxuh&ys s [ kuh&ekfuuh&iBUrh&bR;knhuke~ bZ d kjkUr&L=khfy & 'kCnkuka :ikf.k

HkofUrA
bdkjkUr&uiql
a dfy&'kCn%
okfj
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
okfj
okfj
okfj.kk
okfj.ks
okfj.k%
okfj.k%
okfjf.k
gs okfj! gs okjs!
f}opue~
okfj.kh
okfj.kh
okfjH;ke~
okfjH;ke~
okfjH;ke~
okfj.kks%
okfj.kks%
gs okfj.kh!
cgqopue~
okjhf.k
okjhf.k
okfjfHk%
okfjH;%
okfjH;%
okjh.kke~
okfj"kq
gs okjhf.k!
94
dkjkUr&iqf y&'kCn%
fir`
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
firk
firje~
fi=kk
fi=ks
firq%
firq%
firfj
gs fir%!
f}opue~
firjkS
firjkS
fir`H;ke~
fir`H;ke~
fir`H;ke~
fi=kks%
fi=kks%
gs firjkS!
cgqopue~
firj%
firu~
fir`fHk%
fir`H;%
fir`H;%
fir.kke~
fir`"kq
gs firj%!
,oeso Hkzkr`&tkekr`&nso` (nsoj)&bR;knhuke~ dkjkUr&iqfy&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

rù~&r`p~&izR;;kUrkuka nkr`&oDr`&/kr`&usr`&bR;knhuka rFkk Lol`&uIr`&{k=k`&gksr`&iksr`&'kCnkuka
izFkek&f}rh;k&foHkDR;ks% :is"kq nh?kZ% HkofrA ;Fkk&nkrk] nkrkjkS nkrkj%A ekr`'kCnL; f}rh;k
cgqopus ekr% Hkofr] vU;kfu :ikf.k lekukfu ,oA
mdkjkUr&uiql
a dfy&'kCn%
e/q
foHkfDr%
izFkek
f}rh;k
r`rh;k
prqFkhZ
ipeh
"k"Bh
lIreh
lEcks/ue~
,dopue~
e/q
e/q
e/quk
e/qus
e/qu%
e/qu%
e/qfu
gs e/q] gs e/ks!
f}opue~
e/quh
e/quh
e/qH;ke~
e/qH;ke~
e/qH;ke~
e/quks%
e/qukss%
gs e/quh!
,oeso tkuq&rkyq&oLrq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&uiqald'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
cgqopue~
e/wfu
e/wfu
e/qfHk%
e/qH;%
e/qH;%
e/wuke~
e/q"kqq
gs e/wfu!
ifjf'k"Ve~
95
/krq&:ikf.k
pj~ (pyuk] pjuk)
yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
,dopue~
pjfr
pjfl
f}opue~
pjr%
pjFk%
cgqopue~
pjfUr
pjFk
mkeiq#"k%
pjkfe
pjko%
pjke%
y`Vy
~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
,dopue~
pfj";fr
pfj";fl
f}opue~
pfj";r%
pfj";Fk%
cgqopue~
pfj";fUr
pfj";Fk
mkeiq#"k%
pfj";kfe
pfj";ko%
pfj";ke%
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
vpjr~
f}opue~
vpjrke~
cgqopue~
vpju~
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
vpj%
vpje~
vpjre~
vpjko
vpjr
vpjke
yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
pjrq
f}opue~
pjrke~
cgqopue~
pjUrq
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
pj
pjkf.k
pjre~
pjko
pjr
pjke
96
fof/fy~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
pjsr~
pjs%
pjs;e~
f}opue~
pjsrke~
pjsre~
pjso
cgqopue~
pjs;q%
pjsr
pjse
,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] /ko~] j{k~] iwt~] owQnZ~] ir~] Hkze~] fy[k~] xe~ (xPN)] iB~]
hM~&bR;knhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA
(djuk)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
djksfr
djksf"k
djksfe
f}opue~
oqQ#r%
oqQ#Fk%
oqQoZ%
cgqopue~
oqQoZfUr
oqQ#Fk
oqQeZ%
y`Vy
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
dfj";fr
dfj";fl
dfj";kfe
f}opue~
dfj";r%
dfj";Fk%
dfj";ko%
cgqopue~
dfj";fUr
dfj";Fk
dfj";ke%
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
vdjksr~
vdjks%
vdjoe~
f}opue~
voqQ#rke~
voqQ#re~
vdjoko
cgqopue~
voqQoZu~
voqQ#r
vdjoke
ifjf'k"Ve~
97
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
djksrq
f}opue~
oqQ#rke~
cgqopue~
oqQoZUrq
e;eiq#"k%
oqQ#
oqQ#re~
oqQ#r
mkeiq#"k%
djokf.k
djoko
djoke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
oqQ;kZr~
f}opue~
oqQ;kZrke~
cgqopue~
oqQ;Zq%
e;eiq#"k%
oqQ;kZ%
oqQ;kZre~
oqQ;kZr
mkeiq#"k%
oqQ;kZe~
oqQ;kZo
oqQ;kZe
ol~ (jguk)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
olfr
f}opue~
olr%
cgqopue~
olfUr
e;eiq#"k%
olfl
olFk%
olFk
mkeiq#"k%
olkfe
olko%
olke%
y`Vy
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
oRL;fr
f}opue~
oRL;r%
cgqopue~
oRL;fUr
e;eiq#"k%
oRL;fl
oRL;Fk%
oRL;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
oRL;kfe
oRL;ko%
oRL;ke%
98
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
volr~
vol%
vole~
f}opue~
volrke~
volre~
volko
cgqopue~
volu~
volr
volke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
olrq
ol
olkfu
f}opue~
olrke~
olre~
olko
cgqopue~
olUrq
olr
olke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
olsr~
ols%
ols;e~
f}opue~
olsrke~
olsre~
olso
cgqopue~
ols;q%
olsr
olse
n`'k~ (i';) ns[kuk

iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
i';fr
i';fl
i';kfe
f}opue~
i';r%
i';Fk%
i';ko%
cgqopue~
i';fUr
i';Fk
i';ke%
y`Vy
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
nz{;fr
nz{;fl
nz{;kfe
f}opue~
nz{;r%
nz{;Fk%
nz{;ko%
cgqopue~
nz{;fUr
nz{;Fk
nz{;ke%
ifjf'k"Ve~
99
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
vi';r~
vi';%
vi';e~
f}opue~
vi';rke~
vi';re~
vi';ko
cgqopue~
vi';u~
vi';r
vi';ke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
i';rq
i';
i';kfu
f}opue~
i';rke~
i';re~
i';ko
cgqopue~
i';Urq
i';r
i';ke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
mkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
i';sr~
i';s%
i';s;e~
f}opue~
i';srke~
i';sre~
i';so
cgqopue~
i';s;q%
i';sr
i';se
LFkk (fr"B) Bgjuk

iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
fr"Bfr
f}opue~
fr"Br%
cgqopue~
fr"BfUr
e;eiq#"k%
fr"Bfl
fr"BFk%
fr"BFk
mkeiq#"k%
fr"Bkfe
fr"Bko%
fr"Bke%
100
y`Vy
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
LFkkL;fr
f}opue~
LFkkL;r%
cgqopue~
LFkkL;fUr
e;eiq#"k%
LFkkL;fl
LFkkL;Fk%
LFkkL;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
LFkkL;kfe
LFkkL;ko%
LFkkL;ke%
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
vfr"Br~
f}opue~
vfr"Brke~
cgqopue~
vfr"Bu~
e;eiq#"k%
vfr"B%
vfr"Bre~
vfr"Br
mkeiq#"k%
vfr"Be~
vfr"Bko
vfr"Bke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
fr"Brq
f}opue~
fr"Brke~
cgqopue~
fr"BUrq
e;eiq#"k%
fr"B
fr"Bre~
fr"Br
mkeiq#"k%
fr"Bkfu
fr"Bko
fr"Bke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
fr"Bsr~
f}opue~
fr"Bsrke~
cgqopue~
fr"Bs;q%
e;eiq#"k%
fr"Bs%
fr"Bsre~
fr"Bsr
mkeiq#"k%
fr"Bs;e~
fr"Bso
fr"Bse
ifjf'k"Ve~
101
ip~ (idkuk)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
,dopue~
ipfr
ipfl
f}opue~
ipr%
ipFk%
cgqopue~
ipfUr
ipFk
mkeiq#"k%
ipkfe
ipko%
ipke%
y`Vy
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
,dopue~
i{;fr
i{;fl
f}opue~
i{;r%
i{;Fk%
cgqopue~
i{;fUr
i{;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
i{;kfe
i{;ko%
i{;ke%
y~ydkj% (vrhrdky%)
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
vipr~
f}opue~
viprke~
cgqopue~
vipu~
e;eiq#"k%
vip%
vipre~
vipr
mkeiq#"k%
vipe~
vipko
vipke
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
iprq
f}opue~
iprke~
cgqopue~
ipUrq
e;eiq#"k%
ip
ipre~
ipr
mkeiq#"k%
ipkfu
ipko
ipke
102
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
,dopue~
ipsr~
ips%
f}opue~
ipsrke~
ipsre~
cgqopue~
ips;q%
ipsr
mkeiq#"k%
ips;e~
ipso
ipse
ik (fic~) ihuk
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
e;eiq#"k%
,dopue~
ficfr
ficfl
f}opue~
ficr%
ficFk%
cgqopue~
ficfUr
ficFk
mkeiq#"k%
fickfe
ficko%
ficke%
y`Vy
iq#"k%
izFkeiq#"k%
,dopue~
ikL;fr
f}opue~
ikL;r%
cgqopue~
ikL;fUr
e;eiq#"k%
ikL;fl
ikL;Fk%
ikL;Fk
mkeiq#"k%
ikL;kfe
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xiii

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