Archimedes & Hot air Balloon

Ok..today i'm gonna answer my previous question on hot air balloon...some of u did answer it
with some common sense on why the balloon rises easily in the early morning..
However in SPM, using common sense only isn't enough for u to get full mark..u must relate your
answer with relevant physics concepts or principles.

...Physics concept??? What physics concept???
To make it simple, if hot air balloon rises, it needs a larger force pulls it up to counter its weight
that pulls it down.
In SPM, this upward force is called buoyant force..atau in bahasa melayu we call it 'daya
apungan'.Thats why the balloon can rise & float, coz ada 'force' yang tolong mengapungkannya.
So the question is how to have this 'daya apungan' big enough to pull the baskets??

This buoyant force concept comes from a famous principle called 'Archimedes Principle'.Now,
lets analyse how can we can relate it to this principle...

Archimedes Principle
Mr Archimedes states that...
If an object is fully / partially immersed in a "FLUID" the buoyant force is equal to the
weight of the fluid displaced.


The term 'fluid' is used in the statement above..do u understand what fluid is? Senang cerita fluid
ni adalah benda yang mengalir such as liquid & gas. In the case of hot air balloon, the object is
the balloon. The fluid is the surrounding air ( udara) which is the one that was displaced.

THEN according to archimedes principle..we can deduce a formula like this:

Buoyant force = Weight of AIR displaced ( since W=mg)
Buoyant force = mg [(mass of air displace ) x (g)]
(since density = m / V , so m = V)

Therefore,
Buoyant force = Vg (air displace)
( =density, V =volume)

From the formula, Buoyant force depends on the air density.
We can say that the bigger the density, the larger the buoyant force...
Ok this is the key factor to determine the right time for hot air balloon to take off .
..
Early in the morning, the air is cooler than in the afternoon. Cooler air is denser than hot air, i.e it
has higher density. According to the relationship above, cooler air will result in bigger buoyant
force. So the balloon has a larger buayant force to counter its weight. Thus the balloon will be
easier taking off in a cool temperature rather than during hot tempperature. This explain why the
organiser choose those two session, i.e early in the morning and in the evening.