Explanation of Channel Elements

Mapping and Efficiency

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Oct. 17, 2007

Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page2, Total8


1. Channel Element definition
Since the CE is the unit to be used for dimensioning and network
growth forecast, the CE definition is key to better understand each
vendors advantages in terms of network resources and their
associated costs.
As Huaweis definition, one Channel Element is A Channel Element is
the base band resource required in the Node-B to provide capacity
for one voice channel, including control plane signaling, compressed
mode, transmit diversity and softer handover.
All channel elements are pooled in all sectors and carriers in one
NodeB. Huawei BBU with EBC card supports 6 cells and provides 384
channel elements in uplink and 512 channel elements in downlink.
Two cascaded BBUs support 12 cells and more channel elements can
be provided. The capacity is thus expanded.
Huawei Node B supports the asymmetric up-link and down-link
resource allocation. The base band resources are pooled within the
group and the flexibility is maintained by having downlink and uplink
on separate units.
Huawei supports flexible baseband capacity expansion with the step
of 16 CE both uplink and downlink. Extra capacity is added by license
keys and/or by adding more boards up to maximum capacity.


Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page3, Total8

2. Base Band board implementation
The following picture shows a logical view of the hardware
implementation in the Base band board. The hardware includes sets
of DSP and ASIC chipsets to perform the processing of BB resources. In
Huawei earlier products most of the processing was done in the DSP,
while the current base band units have moved most of the processing
into the ASIC chipset, therefore increasing the performance and
efficiency in the base band processing. The NodeB logical base band
units are shown in the figure below, which includes the following main
functions.
(1) Demodulator ASIC : Implement UL chip rate processing
(2) Decode DSP: Implement UL symbol rate processing
(3) Encode and modulator ASIC: Implement DL chip rate and symbol
processing

CCH Demodulator
ASIC
DCH Demodulator
Decode
DSP
ASIC
DSP
DSP
ASIC
ASIC
Uplink Process Unit
Encode and Modulator
ASIC
DSP ASIC
Downlink Process Unit
CCH Demodulator
ASIC
DCH Demodulator
Decode
DSP DSP
ASIC ASIC
DSP DSP
DSP DSP
ASIC ASIC
ASIC ASIC
Uplink Process Unit
Encode and Modulator
ASIC
DSP DSP ASIC ASIC
Downlink Process Unit
Iub
RF



Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page4, Total8

3. NodeB Base Band processing
The following picture shows the Base band processing function blocks.
The following functions are included:
The mapping and de-mapping of physical channels and
transport channels;
Multiplexing and de-multiplexing;
Channel coding and decoding;
Spreading and de-spreading;
Modulation and demodulation;
Physical layer procedures and Physical layer measurements.
RACH FP
RACH
Decoder
RACH Demodulator
Preamble
Detection RAKE Searcher
DCH FP
DCH
Decoder
DCH Demodulator
DMUX
RAKE Searcher
Cell
Combiner

UL
DL
As can bee seen from the previous figure, the Uplink requires more
processing resources therefore consuming more CE per type of
bearer service.
For the Uplink service processing, demodulation unit is implemented in
the ASIC unit, and decode unit is implement in the DSP, while for the
downlink service processing, spreading and encode unit are
implement in ASIC.

Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page5, Total8

The Uplink process is more difficult and therefore need more units for
the processing. So the Uplink CE consumption has two separate
resources, demodulation CE consumption (for RL) and decodes CE
consumption (for RLS). Demodulator ASIC implement UL chip rate
processing. Decode DSP implement UL symbol rate processing. ASIC
resource ensures the CE map 1:2:4:8. The resource bottleneck is
Decode DSP, usually we define CE Consumption as that for the
decode CE Consumption. So the CE map is 1:2:4:8.
In the following table, we show the baseband resources (CE)
mapped to the corresponding Spread Factor (SF), Chip rate process
(demodulation), and symbol rate process (decoding). Column CE
map shows the number of CEs consumed per service in the UL and
DL directions.
UL DL
SF
Chip
rate
process
symbol
rate
process
CE
map SF
Chip
rate
process
symbol
rate
process
CE
map
AMR12.2k SF64 1 1 1 SF128 1 1 1
CS64k SF16 2 3 3 SF32 2 2 2
PS64 SF16 2 3 3 SF32 2 2 2
PS128 SF8 4 5 5 SF16 4 4 4
PS384 SF4 8 10 10 SF8 8 8 8


Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page6, Total8

4. Measure CE efficiency
The exact channel elements consumption for each type of bearer
can be tested and monitored through O&M monitor.
The bandwidth can be found in the following attachment
Bandwidth and DL throughput.txt.
Bandwidth and DL
throughput

Some of the information abstracted from the above attachment is
listed below. It is clear that the bandwidth is allocated 128kbps.
Time TrchId DLThroughput Bandwidth
2007-10-18 18:00:02(08) 5 134400 128000
2007-10-18 18:00:02(58) 5 134400 128000
2007-10-18 18:00:03(08) 5 134400 128000
2007-10-18 18:00:03(58) 5 134400 128000
2007-10-18 18:00:04(09) 5 134400 128000
The following two figures show the test result for the channel elements
consumption both in uplink and downlink for the bearer of 128kbps.
The figure below presents the consumed uplink channel elements for
a 128kbps bearer.

Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page7, Total8


It is clear that the channel elements are 5 in uplink for the bearer of
128kbps. It should be noted that in the above figure the used UL RLS
CE number means the Base Band resource required considering the
resource consumption in ASIC chipset and the DSP.
The figure below presents the consumed downlink channel elements
for a 128kbps bearer.
Used Uplink Channel
Elements for the bearer of

Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency


2007-10-18 HUAWEI Confidential Page8, Total8


It is clear that the channel elements are 4 in downlink for the bearer of
128kbps.
Base on the above measurement it is obvious that, for 128kbps bearer,
5 channel elements are consumed in uplink and 4 channel elements
in downlink.
For all the other bearers, the similar measurements can be
implemented and it can be monitored through the Local
Maintenance Terminal.

Used Downlink Channel
Elements for the bearer of