FIRST AID for the Basic Sciences: General Principles
Official Updates, Corrections, and Clarifications
Updated November 2009 Despite our best efforts, errors do occur during the revision. If you see a verifiable error not on this list, please report it to our blog at www.firstaidteam.com. If you are the first to report the error, you will receive a $10 gift certificate. The Basic Sciences Team Chapter age ! Correction"Clarification Anatomy and istology p.!! The last sentence under "#eutrophils$ should read, "The neutrophils contain several en%ymes, most notably N#$% o&idase, which produces &' (
radicals and directs the o)idative burst, and the '(elopero&idase s(stem )'O*, which uses hydrogen pero)ide and chloride to generate hypochlorous acid *&+l,, a potent bactericidal o)idant.$ Anatomy and istology p. !- In the second paragraph of the ".ayers of the Abdominal /all,$ reference should be made to 0igure !(1, not 0igure !(-. Anatomy and istology p. '2 In 0igure '('-, the ligament that is currently labeled "medial umbilical ligament$ should be labeled "median umbilical ligament.$ Anatomy and istology p. 1! In the 0igure !('3, the reference to "The electron micrograph *lower right,$ and its description should be deleted as there is no electron micrograph in the figure. Behavioral Science p. 42 In the third sentence of the second paragraph, "*remember, sensitivity rules people in,$ should be deleted. Biochemistry p. 56 7nder the last 8ey 0act, "Substitution$ should be replaced with "Transition$ and the 8ey 0act should read, "Transition9 :utations that substitute a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine, or a purine with another purine.$ Biochemistry p. 55 In 0igure 1(', in the last to the right adenosine molecule, the double bond to the #' group should be replaced with a single bond. Biochemistry p. 5- The second bullet below ";urine Salvage ;athway$ should read "+ataly%ed by hypo)anthine(guanine phosphoribosyltransferase *<;=T,, which is inhibited by I:; and <:;.$ Biochemistry p. -3 In the first row of Table 1(-, "r=#A$ should read "r=#A *'-S, !-S, and 4.-S,.$ Biochemistry p. -3 In Table 1(-, the third row under "=#A Type :ade$ should read "t=#A, r=#A 4S.$ Biochemistry p. 3! The 0lash 0orward should read "Buy AT 12, +>.. AT 42. +ertain antibiotics target the bacterial ribosome and disrupt translation. Aminoglycosides and Tetracycline inhibit the 12s subunit. +hloramphenicol, >rythromycin, +.indamycin, and .incomycin inhibit the 42s ribosome subunit.$ Biochemistry p. 3' In the last sentence under ";rotein synthesis,$ ";rotein synthesis three steps?$ should read, ";rotein synthesis occurs in three steps?.$ Biochemistry p. 36 In 0igure 1(!3, the ":at$ that appears four times ne)t to ";eptide$ should read ":et.$ Biochemistry p. 36 In ;art > of 0igure 1(!3, ";re$ should read ";ro.$ Biochemistry p. 35 In the second +linical +orrelation, "chromosomes 3 and !'$ should read "chromosomes 3 and ''.$ Biochemistry p. !21 The first sentence under "+ell +ycle +hec@points$ should read "/hen entering cell division or mitosis, the cell cycle enters?.$ Biochemistry p. !2A In the third paragraph, "+dh!$ should be replaced with "+D8!.$ ! Biochemistry p. !!' In the first eBuation below the "8inetics$ heading, the top arrow should point left to right and the bottom arrow should point right to left. Biochemistry p. !!1 In Table 1(!1, in the first row of the "Indicates$ column, "igh @!$ should be replaced with "igh @!$. In the second row of the "Indicates column$ ".ow @!$ should be replaced with ".ow @!.$ Biochemistry p. !!A The last sentence of the clinical correlation should read, "Inhibition of methanol binding?by promoting the conversion of ethanol to nonto)ic acetaldehyde.$ Biochemistry p. !'! In 0igure 1(11, the "<D;$ that appears on the bottom left(hand side of ;art + should be replaced with a "<T;.$ Biochemistry p. !'' In 0igure 1(1A, under =eceptor interacting with <B protein class, "C1$ should be replaced with "C!.$ Biochemistry p. !'- The margin element should read "8ey 0act$ and not "+linical +orrelation.$ Biochemistry p. !'3 In the first sentence, a period should be inserted between "fibers$ and ">lastin.$ Biochemistry p. !1' In the second to last sentence of the last paragraph, the sentence should read "<6;D deficiency is e)acerbated by consumption of fava beans?.$ Biochemistry p. !1A In 0igure 1(A', "<lucose(6 ;hosphate Dehydrogenase$ should be moved so that it appears ne)t to the arrow between "<lucose(6p$ and "6( ;hosphogluconolactone.$ Biochemistry p. !15 In 0igure 1(A4, The <lucose(6 ;hosphate Dehydrogenase should be moved from the first step to the second step. Biochemistry p. !A! The fourth bullet point under the "=egulation$ heading should read "<lucose(6(phosphate converts glucose(6(phosphate D glucose.$ Biochemistry p. !A' In the mnemonic, delete the repeated "0umarate.$ Biochemistry p. !AA In 0igure 1(4', in the carbo)ylic acid group, the bond between + and & should be a double bond. In the amino acids section an "$ should be added to the & connected to the + with a single bond *bottom right "&$ in each figure,. The figure should also be resi%edE the right edge is currently cut off. Biochemistry p. !44 In 0igure 1(64, ne)t to "Secondary .ysosome,$ replace "Tag$ with "Tgb.$ Biochemistry p. !46 In the last bulleted list, "See 0igure 1(63$ should read "See 0igure 1(6-.$ Biochemistry p. !6' In the first paragraph, "see 0igure 1(54$ should read "see 0igure 1(5A.$ Biochemistry p. !61 In the first paragraph under ":aple Syrup 7rine Disease$ the last sentence should read, "This leads to an increase in alpha(@eto acids in the blood, especially leucine.$ Biochemistry p. !6- The 8ey 0act regarding methotre)ate should appear at the top of page !63. Biochemistry p. !6- In 0igure 1(56, an arrow should be placed indicating the conversion of d7:; to dT:;. Biochemistry p. !52 In the last paragraph, the sentence that reads "F(+arotene...is found in green vegetables$ should be replaced with "F(+arotene...is present in high Buantities in fruits and vegetables.$ Biochemistry p. !5' In the second paragraph, the sentence that reads "=ic@ets results from not receiving enough calcium and phosphate going to the sites where bone minerali%ation is ta@ing place$ should be deleted. Biochemistry p. !5' Third bullet under "Gitamin D( +holecalciferol$ for "H(lin@ed ric@ets,$ "!,'4(&D$ should be replaced by "!,'4 *&,' D1.$ Biochemistry p. !51 In 0igure 1(53, "'4(& *&, Gitamin D$ between liver and @idney should read, "'4(& Gitamin D.$ Biochemistry p. !5A In the third sentence under "Gitamin 8 ;hylloBuinone,$ the second repetition of "in the$ should be deleted. Biochemistry p. !55 In 0igure 1(-4, the te)t "increased by lasting$ should read "increased by fasting.$ Biochemistry p. !55 The legend for 0igure 1(-4 should read ";athways in red indicate targets that are stimulated by insulin and increased by feeding. ;athways in blue indicate targets that are inhibited by insulin and are increased by fasting and in diabetes.$ ' Biochemistry p. '2! In Table 1('3, in the second bullet point under the description for "unterIs syndrome,$ ".i@e unterJs, but milder...$ should read ".i@e urlerJs, but milder?.$ Biochemistry p. '!! In Table 1(1', under "emoglobin >)pressed$ for "ydrops fetalis,$ "b*KA,$ should be replaced with "b*FA,.$ Biochemistry p. ''3 In 0igure 1(!'A, the figure description, "=obertsonian translocation resulting in DownJs syndrome$ should read, "Balanced =obertsonian translocation.$ >mbryology p. '15 In 0igure A(1, the "'L$ should be moved to the right following the arrow, and it should read, "'L Spermatocyte,$ thus describing the transition from !L Spermatocyte to 'L Spermatocyte. >mbryology p. '46 In 0igure A('A, "Tongue development$ in the third panel on the right should read, "Taste via GII$ instead of "Taste via GIII.$ :icrobiology p. '66 The first sentence of the last bullet point on the page should read "Anaerobic respiration9 AT; is also formed through substrate level phosphorylationE however, other high energy molecules such as S&A ' and #&1
are used as the terminal electron acceptors rather than &'.$
:icrobiology p. '5! In 0igure 4(A, under F(hemolytic microorganisms, the pin@ bo)es should read, "Streptococcus pyogenes$ and "Streptococcus agalactiae$ respectively. :icrobiology p. '-! In the second bullet under "+haracteristics$ for "Streptococcus pyogenes,$ the sentence should read, ".i@e all streptococci, it is catalase(negative and sensitive to the antibiotic bacitracin.$ :icrobiology p. '-A Below the heading "GI=IDA#S ST=>;T&+&++I,$ the fourth bullet that reads "S. bovis, which is associated with malignancies of the <I tract$ should be deleted. :icrobiology p. 12! In the second sentence of the first paragraph, "gram(negative c%occi$ should read "gram(negative cocci.$ :icrobiology p. 1!2 The last sentence in the first paragraph under "+haracteristics$ of "Shigella species$ should read, "?when cultured, does not ferment lactose and is not able to produce 'S.$ :icrobiology p. 1!! Second sentence under "+haracteristics$ should read, "Salmonella spp. is a motile, gram negative rod that does not produce 'S gas and does not ferment lactose.$ :icrobiology p. 1'5 In Table 4('2, the second row of the ";athogen$ column should read "Borrelia burgdorferi *.yme,.$ :icrobiology p. 111 In 0igure 4(12, ";neumocystis carinni$ should be replaced with ";neumocystis Miroveci.$ :icrobiology p. 111 In 0igure 4(12, in the diagram for "Histoplasma capsulatum,$ the image of a cat should be replaced with one of a bat, and the te)t "BirdsNcats$ should read, "BirdsNbats.$ :icrobiology p. 16' 7nder "D#A viruses, O19 Icosahedral capsid,$ the bulleted sentence should read, ";o)viruses, which have a comple) capsid.$ :icrobiology p. 163 In the last sentence under "Slow Infections,$ the reference to "+reut%feldt( Pa@ob disease and @uru$ should be replaced with9 "...P+ virus, B8 virus and others.$ p. 13! In the third sentence under "+linical Symptoms$ for "epatitis +$, "? *>IA, detects the antibodies to AG....$ should read, "? *>IA, detects the antibodies to +G?.$ :icrobiology p. A25 In the last sentence under "Treatment$ for "=otavirus$, "intusseption in children$ should read, "Intussusception in children.$ 1