1.

Generic name: Metformin and Sitagliptin

Brand name: Janumet
Classification: Anti diabetic
Dosage: 50mg 1 tab OD
Action: Decreases hepatic glucose production. Decreases intestinal glucose absorption.
Increases sensitivit to insulin.
Indications: Management of tpe ! diabetes mellitus" ma be used #ith diet$ insulin$ or
sulfonlurea hpoglcemia.
Contraindications: hpersensitivit$ metabolic acidosis$ dehdration$ sepsis$ renal
dsfunction$ hepatic
impairment.
Side effects: diarrhea$ nausea$ unpleasant metallic taste.
Nursing considerations:
Assess for patient%s histor of diabetes
Monitor for patient%s blood glucose before and after giving medications
Assess for hpersensitivit to Metformin
Assess for patient%s renal function
Monitor for signs and smptoms of hpoglcemic reactions &e.g. cold and
clamm s'in(
Discontinue if renal impairment occurs
Instruct patient to do proper foot care
instruct patient for unpleasant metallic taste of the drug
!. Generic Name: )osartan
Brand Name: *o+aar
Classification: antihpertensive
Dosage: 50,500 mg 1 tab -ID
Action: bloc's vasoconstrictor and aldosterone producing effects of angiotensin II at
receptor sites$ including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands
Indications. /pertension$ DM tpe !$ */0$ and patients #ho can not tolerate A*1
inhibitors
Contraindications: hpotension$ pregnanc and lactation
Side 1ffects. fatigue$ #ea'ness$ drug induced hepatitis$ bradcardia$ hpotension
Nursing Considerations:
Monitor for blood pressure$ 1*2$ pulse fre3uentl during dose ad4ustments
Monitor for inta'e and output ratios and dail #eight.
Assess for signs and smptoms of */0
Assess for signs and smptoms of /potension
Instruct patient to have a lo# fat lo# sodium diet regimen
Assess for signs of angioedema
Monitor -56 and serum creatinine levels
Monitor for signs of hper'alemia
7. Generic name: *)opidogrel
Brand name: 6orplat
Classification: Anti platelet
Action: Inhibits platelet aggregation b bloc'ing AD8 receptors on platelets$ preventing
clumping of platelets.
Indications: treatment of patients at ris' for ischemic events and peripheral arter
disease$ acute coronar sndrome$ as a loading dose #ith aspirin to prevent adverse
cardiac events in coronar stent implantation
Contraindications: hpersensitivit$ active pathological bleeding$ lactation$ use
cautiousl #ith bleeding disorders$ recent surger$ hepatic impairment$ pregnanc
Side effects: /eadache$ di++iness$ #ea'ness$ hpertension$ edema$ nausea$ 2I distress$
constipation$ diarrhea. Increased bleeding ris'
Nursing considerations:
Assess for hpersensitivit to clopidogrel
Assess for bleeding disorders
8rovide small fre3uent meals if 2I upset occurs
8rovide comfort measures and arrange for analgesics if headache occurs
2ive client a#areness to the side effects of the drug
8rovide a safet environment
9. Generic name: :osuvastatin calcium
Brand name: *restor
Classification: Anti;hperlipidemic
/M2;*oA reductase inhibitor
Dosage: !0 mg 1 tab OD
Action: A fungal metabolite that inhibits the en+me &/2M;*oA( that catal+es the first
step in the cholesterol snthesis path#a$ resulting in a decrease
In serum cholesterol$ serum )D)s &associated #ith increased ris' of coronar arter
disease( and either an increase or no change in serum /D)s &associated #ith decreased(
Indications: an ad4unct to diet in the treatment of elevated total cholesterol$ mi<ed
dslipidemia$ atherosclerosis$
Contraindications: hpersensitivit$ impaired hepatic function$ alcoholism$ renal
impairment$ advanced age$ hpothroidism
Side effects: 6ausea$ dspepsia$ diarrhea$ constipation$ vomiting$ rhinitis$ sinusitis$
cough$ dspnea$ pneumonia
Nursing considerations:
Arrange for proper consultation about need for diet and e<ercise changes
Administer drug at bed time
Monitor patient closel for signs of muscle in4ur$ especiall higher doses
8rovide comfort measures to deal #ith headache$ muscle cramps$ or
nausea
Offer support and encouragement to deal #ith disease$ diet$ drug therap$
and follo#;up care.
5. Generic Name: =itamin - comple<
Classification: =itamins
;Includes =itamin -1$ -!$ -> and -1!
Dosage: 1 tab OD 8O 8* brea'fast
Indication: =ascular pathologies #ith thrombotic ris'$ transient ischemic attac's and
cerebrovascular disease$ peripheral vascular insufficienc$ diabetic retinopath$ MI$
retinal vasal thrombosis.
Action: -1. ?hiamin. :e3uired for the metabolism of carbohdrates and for normal nerve function
-!. :iboflavin.
:e3uired for the metabolism of carbohdrates and amino acids and for health mucous membranes$ such as those lining the mouth
->. 8rido<ine. :e3uired for the metabolism of amino acids and fatt acids$ for nerve function$ for formation of red blood cells and for health s'in
-1!. *obalamin. :e3uired for maturation of red blood cells$ for nerve function$ and D6A snthesis
Indication: Indicated to the follo#ing diseases$ manifesting #ith a vitamin - deficienc. neuritis" alcohol$ to<ic$ and post infectious polneuritis" diabetic polio neuropath" neuralgia"
sciatica central spastic conditions" masthenia" paresthesia" atherosclerosis" @ernic'eAs encephalopath" vegetative neurosis" dermatitis" neurodermatitis" psoriasis" lupus
erthematodes" furunculosis" stomatitis"
Contraindication. =itamin - comple< should not be used in hpersensitivit to an of the vitamins$ containing in the preparation$ as #ell as in patients #ith !nd and 7rd degree arterial
hpertension
Side effects: Although the preparation is ver #ell tolerated$ in rare cases in predisposed patients itching$ urticaria$ and Buinc'eAs edema ma appear.
Nursing considerations:
Ma'e sure patient gets the right dose
?he vitamin should be ta'en once a da
>. Generic name: *ilosta+ol
Brand name: 8letal
Classification: Antiplatelet
Dosage: 50mg,tab 1 tab -ID 8*
Action: :eversibl inhibits platelet aggregation induced b a variet of stimuli including AD8$ thrombin$ collagen$ shear stress$ epinephrine$ arachidonic acid b inhibiting cAM8
phosphodiesterase III" produces vascular dilation in vascular beds #ith a specificit for femoral beds" seems to have no effect on renal arteries.
Indication: :eduction of smptoms of intermittent claudication allo#ing increased #al'ing distance.
Contraindication: *ontraindicated #ith allerg to cilosta+ol$ heart failure of an severit &decreased survival rates have occurred($ active bleeding$ hemostatic disorders.
Side effects: di++iness$ headache$ heart failure$ tachcardia$ palpitations$ diarrhea$ cough$ dspepsia$ peripheral edema$ infection$ bac' pain
Nursing considerations:
Assess for heart failure
Administer drug on an empt stomach$ at least 70 min before or ! hr after brea'fast and dinner
1ncourage patient to avoid use of grape fruit 4uice
1stablish #al'ing distance to monitor drug effectiveness
1stablish safet precautions to avoid in4ur and bleeding
1ncourage patient to continue therap$ results ma not be seen for !;9 #'s
2ive patient a#areness to the side effects of the drug
C. Generic name. Sulode<ide
Brand name: =essel due 0
Classification: Anticoagulant$ antithrombotics and fibrinoltics
Dosage: 1 tab -ID 8*
Action: Inhibits coagulation b attac'ing several sites of the coagulation sstem. Its effect is dependent on the presence of antithrombin III$ an alpha !; globulin #hose
activit is augmented b heparin. ?he heparin; antithrombin comple< inactive factors IDa$ Da$ DIa$ and DIIa$ and prevents thrombin formation. 0urthermore$ the comple< reverses the
effect of alread formed thrombin. In high concentrations$ heparin also inhibits thrombocte aggregation.
Contraindication: /persensitivit to sulode<ide$ heparin and heparin li'e products.
Diathesis and hemorrhagic diseases.
Side effects: nausea$ vomiting$ epigastralgia. 8ain$ burn$ hematoma at the site of
in4ection
Nursing considerations:
Assess patients for signs of bleeding and hemorrhage &bleeding
gums"nosebleed" unusual bruising" blac'$ tarr stools" hematuria" fall in
hematocrit or blood pressure" guaiac; positive stools(. 6otif phsician if
these occur.
Monitor patient for hpersensitivit reactions &chills$ fever$ urticaria(.
:eport signs to phsician
Subcutaneous. observe in4ection sites for hematomas$ ecchmosis$ or
inflammation
Monitor platelet count ever !;7 das throughout therap. Ma cause mild
thromboctopenia$ #hich appears on the 9
th
da and resolves despite
continued heparin therap.
E. Generic name: Insulin lispro and Insulin lispro protamine
Brand name: /umalog mi<
Classification: Antidiabetic hormone
Dosage: !5 1! FuA SB ac brea'fast
Action: Insulin is a hormone secreted b beta cells of the pancreas that$ b receptor;
mediated effects$ promotes the storage of the bodAs fuels$ facilitating the transport of
metabolites ions &potassium( through cell membranes and stimulating the snthesis of
glcogen from glucose of fats from lipids$ and proteins from amino acids.
Indication: Diabetes mellitus tpe1 and Diabetes mellitus tpe ! that cannot be
controlled b diet or oral drugs$ sever 'etoacidosis$ hper'aletomia
*ontraindication. *ontraindicated #ith allerg to por' products$ histor of smo'ing or
lung disease
Side effects: /persensitivit$ hpoglcemia$ decline in pulmonar
Nursing considerations:
Assess if allergic to por' products
Do not give insulin in4ection concentrated I=" severe anaphlactic
reactions can occur
Store insulin in a cool place a#a from direct sunlight. :efrigeration is
preferred. Do not free+e insulin.
Monitor urine or serum glucose levels fre3uentl to determine
effectiveness of drug and dosage. 8atients can learn to ad4ust insulin
dosage on sliding scale based on test results.
Monitor insulin needs during times of trauma or severe stress" dosage
ad4ustment ma be needed
?ell client to avoid alcohol" serious reactions can occur
?ell client to report if fever$ sore throat$ vomiting$ hpoglcemic reactions
and rash occur.
G. Generic name: Aspirin
Brand name:
Classification: Analgesic$ Anti;inflammator$ Antiplatelet$ Antipretic$ Antirheumatic$
6SAID$ Saliclate
Dosage:
Action: Analgesic and antirheumatic effects attributable to aspirinAs abilit to inhibit the
snthesis of prostaglandins$ important mediators of inflammation. Antipretic effects are
not full understood$ but aspirin probabl acts in the thermoregulator center of the
hpothalamus to bloc' effects of endogenous progen b inhibiting snthesis of
prostaglandin intermediar. Inhibition of platelet aggregation is attributable to the
inhibition of platelet snthesis of thrombo<ane A!$ a potent vasoconstrictor and inducer
of platelet aggregation. ?his effect occurs at lo# doses and lasts for the life of the
platelet &E das(. /igher doses inhibit the snthesis of prostacclin$ a potent vasodilator
and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
Indication: mild to moderate pain$ fever$ inflammator conditions; rheumatic fever$
rheumatoid arthritis$ osteoarthritis$ prophla<is against cataract formation #ith long;
term use
Contraindication: *ontraindicated #ith allerg to saliclates os 6SAIDs" allerg to
tartra+ine" hemophilia$ bleeding ulcers$ hemorrhagic states$ blood coagulation defects$
hpoprothrombinemia$ vitamin H deficienc. 5se cautiousl #ith impaired renal function"
chic'enpo<$ influen+a" children #ith fever accompanied b dehdration" surger
scheduled #ithin 1 #'" pregnanc" lactation.
Side effects. Acute aspirin to<icit$ aspirin intolerance$ nausea$ dspepsia$ heartburn$
epigastric discomfort$ anore<ia$ occult blood loss$ hemostatic defects$ di++iness$
vomiting$ diarrhea$ mental confusion
Nursing considerations:
Assess for hpersensitivit to saliclates or 6SAIDs and to tartra+ine"
hemophilia$ bleeding ulcers$ hemorrhagic states$ blood coagulation
defects$ hpoprothrombinemia$ vitamin H deficienc" impaired hepatic
function" impaired renal function" chic'enpo<$ influen+a" children #ith
fever accompanied b dehdration" surger scheduled #ithin 1 #'
2ive drug #ith food after meals if 2I upset occurs
2ive drug #ith a full glass of #ater to reduce ris' of tablet or capsule
lodging in the esophagus
Do not crush$ and ensure that patient does not che# S: preparations
Do not use aspirin that has a strong vinegar li'e odor
2ive patient a#areness of the side effects of the drug
?ell client to report possible occurrence of the follo#ing.
;ringing of the ears
;di++iness
;confusion
;abdominal pain
;rapid or difficult breathing
;nausea and vomiting
;blood stools