My Vocabulary Frontier Name: Riku Tanaka Date:

persecution


Sentence:

They left their homelands to escape poverty,
land shortages and crowding, political
troubles, and religious persecution.
Definitions:

to treat someone cruelly or unfairly over a
period of time


Syllables/Pronunciation:

persecution
p`skjn



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

scrape by


Sentence:

When they arrived, they discovered that they
had to work long and hard hours to just to
scrape by.
Definitions:

to have just enough money to live



Syllables/Pronunciation:

scrape by
skrp b



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

put down roots


Sentence:

Most stayed to start a new life and put down
roots in their new land.
Definitions:

to start to feel that a place is your home and
to have relationships with the people there



Syllables/Pronunciation:





Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

My Vocabulary Frontier Name: Riku Tanaka Date:






upheaval


Sentence:

In addition, political upheaval and economic
hardship in Mexico drove many Mexicans out
of their country at the start of Mexican
Revolution in 1911.
Definitions:

very big change that often causes problems



Syllables/Pronunciation:

upheaval
`phv()l



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

clamp down on


Sentence:

The US Congress decided it was necessary to
clamp down on immigration by 1921.
Definitions:

to take firm action to stop a particular type of
crime


Syllables/Pronunciation:

klmp




Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

vacillate


Sentence:

After World War , Congress vacillated over
immigration policy.
Definitions:

to continue to change your opinions,
decisions, and ideas



Syllables/Pronunciation:

Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)
My Vocabulary Frontier Name: Riku Tanaka Date:


vacillate
vslt





Putting Down Roots, Then and Now



do away with


Sentence:

Responding to criticism, by 1965 Congress
instituted sweeping changes, such as doing
away with the country quotas.
Definitions:

to get rid of something or stop using it



Syllables/Pronunciation:






Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

amnesty


Sentence:

More than half were undocumented workers
permitted to stay because of a special
amnesty program.
Definitions:

a period of time when you can admit to doing
something illegal without being punished


Syllables/Pronunciation:

amnesty
mnsti



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Putting Down Roots, Then and Now

perseverance


Sentence:

The history of Philadelphia as an immigrant
port is a rich and complex story of peaks and
valleys, false starts, and perseverance against
Definitions:

determination to keep trying to achieve
something in spite of difficulties

My Vocabulary Frontier Name: Riku Tanaka Date:


natural disadvantages.

Syllables/Pronunciation:

preseverance
p`sv()rns




Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Early Immigrant History


indenture


Sentence:

In both groups, the majority were so poor that
they had come as indentured servants.
Definitions:

to arrange a formal contract



Syllables/Pronunciation:

indenture
ndnt



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Early Immigrant History

contagious


Sentence:

In order to prevent them from bringing in
contagious diseases such as yellow fever, by
1798 a quarantine hospital had been built a
few miles below Philadelphia.
Definitions:

spread from one person or organism to
another



Syllables/Pronunciation:

contagious
knteds



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Early Immigrant History

disperse


Sentence: Definitions:
My Vocabulary Frontier Name: Riku Tanaka Date:



After the First World War the groups began to
disperse geographically.

to go away in different directions



Syllables/Pronunciation:

disperse
dsps




Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Immigration in the last century


fraternal


Sentence:

In addition, the new immigrant groups
preserved their unity through family ties,
fraternal groups, and religious congregations.
Definitions:

showing a special friendliness to other people



Syllables/Pronunciation:

fraternal
frtnl



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Immigration in the last century

trough


Sentence:

Unlike any previous trough, the decline in
twentieth-century immigration to
Philadelphia has not been reversed.
Definitions:

a short period of low activity, low prices etc



Syllables/Pronunciation:

trough
trf



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Immigration in the last century

commensurate
My Vocabulary Frontier Name: Riku Tanaka Date:



Sentence:

However, it needs a commensurate
innovation in price reduction to make it
affordable at all.
Definitions:

matching something in size, quality, or length
of time


Syllables/Pronunciation:

commensurate
kmns()rt



Context: (eg, name of article, lecture, etc;
topic of paragraph, etc)

Home robots on sale in Japan
(Innovation & Technology Course)