Some acids whose structures and names are commonly used in organic chemistry

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S.No. Structure Common name IUPAC name
1. HCOOH Formic acid Methanoic acid
2. CH
3
COOH Acetic acid Ethanoic acid
3. CH
3
CH
2
COOH Propionic acid Propanoic acid
4. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
COOH n-Butyric acid Butanoic acid
5. (CH
3
)
2
CHCOOH Iso-Butyric acid 2-Methylpropanoic acid
6. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH Valeric acid Pentanoic acid
7. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
COOH n- Caproic acid Hexanoic acid
8. CH
3
(CH
2
)
14
COOH Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid
9. CH
3
(CH
2
)
15
COOH Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid
10. HOOC-COOH Oxalic acid Ethanedioic acid
11. HOOC-CH
2
-COOH Malonic acid Propanedioic acid
12. HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
-COOH Succinic acid Butanedioic acid
13. HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
-COOH Glutaric acid Pentanedioic acid
14. HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH Adipic acid Hexanedioic acid
15. Cis HOOC-CH=CH-COOH Maleic acid Z-But-2-enedioic acid
16. Trans HOOC-CH=CH-COOH Fumaric acid E- But-2-enedioic acid
17. HOOC-CH
2
CH(OH)-COOH Malic acid 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
18. HOOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)-COOH Tartaric acid 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
19. CH
3
CH(OH)COOH Lactic acid 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
20. CH
3
COCOOH Pyruvic acid 2-Oxopropanoic acid
21. HO-CH
2
-COOH Glycollic acid 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
22. CH
2
=CH-COOH Acrylic acid Propenoic acid
23. CH!CH-COOH Propiolic acid Propynoic acid
24. CH
3
CH=CH-COOH Crotonic acid But-2-enoic acid
25. CH
3
(CH
2
)
7
CH=CH(CH
2
)
7
-COOH Oleic acid Octadec-9-enoic acid
26. Ph-COOH Benzoic acid Benzenecarboxlic acid
27. Ph-OH Carbolic acid Phenol
28. Ph-CH=CH-COOH Cinnamic acid 3-Phenylprop-2-enoic acid
29. (Ph)
2
C(OH)-COOH Benzlic acid 2-Hydroxy-2,2-diphenylethanoic acid
30. Ph-CH(OH)-COOH Mandelic acid 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid
31. Ph-CH
2
CH
2
-COOH Hydrocinnamic acid 3-Phenylpropanoic acid
32.
COOH
CH
3

o-Toluic acid 2-Methylbenzenecarboxlic acid
33.
COOH
OCOCH
3

Acetylsalicylic
acid(Aspirin)
2-Ethanoyloxybenzenecarboxylic acid
Some acids whose structures and names are commonly used in organic chemistry

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34.
COOH
OH

Salicylic acid 2-Hydroxybenzenecarboylic acid
35.
CH
2
COOH
CH
2
COOH
O H COOH

Citric acid 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricacboxylic acid
36.
OH
NO
2
NO
2
O
2
N

Picric acid 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
37.
COOH
OCH
3

Anisic acid 4-Methoxybenzenecarboxylic acid
38.
COOH
COOH

Phthalic acid Benzene-1,2-dicarboxlic acid
39.
COOH
COOH

Isophthalic acid Benzene-1,3- dicarboxlic acid
40.
COOH
COOH

Terephthalic acid Benzene-1,4- dicarboxlic acid