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QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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QUY PHM PHN CP V NG TU BIN V THP
PHN 6 HN
Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Steel Ships
Part 6 Welding
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Quy nh chung
1.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cng vic hn, v.v..., sau y gi l hn, c p dng trong hn kt cu thn tu, trang
thit b, h thng my tu, v.v..., nu khng c quy nh no cc phn khc, phi tha
mn nhng yu cu Phn ny.
2 Cc yu cu ca phn ny c p dng cho vic hn khi nh my tun th cht ch cc
yu cu quy nh di y:
(1) Bng cch thc hin vic kim sot qu trnh ton b cng vic hn m bo cht
lng hn thng qua cc thit b thch hp v h thng kim tra cht lng.
(2) Nh my phi iu tra tm nguyn nhn chnh, bo co kt qu iu tra cho ng
kim v thc hin bin php khc phc nu c s sai lch do vic kim sot xy ra
v/hoc cht lng ca sn phm khng t b pht hin.
3 Hn khng quy nh trong phn ny c th c p dng nu c ng kim xt duyt
ring v thit k v cng ngh.
1.2 Th trc khi hn
1.2.1 Tin hnh th
1 Quy trnh hn, chng nhn th hn v cc vt liu hn quy nh trong phn ny phi c
th vi s c mt ca ng kim v phi c ng kim ph duyt trc khi hn.
2 Cc th nghim v hn khng quy nh trong phn ny phi c thc hin theo cc yu
cu k thut hoc tiu chun th c ng kim duyt.
3 Cc th nghim c th c min, nu cc chng nhn ph hp ca cc quy trnh hn,
th hn, cc vt liu hn, v.v..., c ng kim chp nhn.
1.3 Hn
1.3.1 Thc hin kim sot hn
Nh my phi tun th cc yu cu quy nh trong Chng 2 ca Phn ny i vi vic
kim sot hn kt cu thn tu, v.v...
1.3.2 Xc nhn iu kin hn
1 kim sot c hiu qu cng vic hn do nh my thc hin, ng kim s xc nhn
cc iu kin trong khi hn vo thi gian thch hp do ng kim quy nh, nu cn thit.
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Trong trng hp ny nh ch to phi to mi iu kin cho ng kim v ng kim
i ti cc khu vc thch hp ca nh my.
2 Nu xt thy cn thit trong mc -1 trn, ng kim c th yu cu nh my thc hin cc
bin php khc phc i vi vic kim sot hn.
1.4 Kim tra hn v cht lng hn
1.4.1 Thc hin kim tra
1 Kim tra hn phi c thc hin vi s c mt ca ng kim trong khi hn v sau khi
hn c quy nh trong 2.1.4 Chng 2 Phn 1B ca Quy chun ny.
2 S c mt ca ng kim c th t i, nu h thng cht lng v h thng kim tra hn
ca nh my c ng kim xem l thch ng.
14.2 Cht lng v sa cha
1 Cht lng hn phi c tun th cc yu cu sau:
(1) Kim tra trong khi hn:
Cc hng mc kim tra trong khi hn, m c ng kim ch nh thng qua vic xc
nhn cc iu kin hn quy nh trong 1.3.2 phi c thc hin theo ng trnh t.
(2) Kim tra trc quan:
Kim tra trc quan i vi cc ng hn phi c thc hin. ng hn phi
khng c khuyt tt nt, tha kim loi mi hn hoc li qu v cc khuyt tt c hi
trn b mt nh chy chn, chm ph, bin dng v lch mp qu dung sai cho php.
Kch thc ca mi hn gc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong 1.2.3
Chng 1 Phn 2A Kt cu thn tu v trang thit b ca quy chun k thut quc
gia ny.
(3) Kim tra khng ph hy:
Kim tra khng ph hy ng hn do ng kim quy nh ring phi c thc hin.
ng hn phi khng c khuyt tt nt, v cc khuyt tt c hi bn trong nh
khng ngu v khng thu, v.v...
2 Cc khuyt tt hn c pht hin trong kim tra quy nh mc -1 trn phi c sa
cha hoc c gi nguyn theo s ch dn ca ng kim.
1.4.3 Tiu chun cht lng
Trong trng hp ng kim pht hin thy cht lng ca hn gim ng k so vi tiu
chun, ng kim c th yu cu nh ch to nng cao cht lng hn da trn kt qu
kim tra.
1.5 nh ngha v gii thch
Trong phn ny ca Quy phm, chp nhn nhng nh ngha v gii thch di y.
(1) Vt liu hn - Vt liu m bo tin hnh qu trnh hn c c mi ni hn c
cht lng. Trong hn in, vt liu hn l que hay cc hn, dy (kim loi) hn, thuc
hn, kh bo v. Trong hn kh th vt liu hn gm xy k thut v cc loi kh chy.
(2) Kim loi c bn (cn gi l vt liu c bn hay vt liu chnh) - Kim loi ca cc chi
tit c hn.
(3) Kim loi p - Kim loi do que hn hay dy hn nng chy chuyn vo mi hn v
thc t khng cha kim loi c bn.
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(4) Kim loi mi hn - Kim loi do kim loi c bn v vt liu hn hoc ch do kim loi c
bn nng chy trong khi hn to thnh.
(5) Vng nh hng nhit - Vng kim loi c bn tip gip vi mi hn (hoc mi hn
p) c s bin i v t chc kim loi v tnh cht ca n do tc dng ca nhit
khi hn.
(6) Tnh hn - c tnh ca kim loi c th nhn c mi hn c cht lng khi p dng
cng ngh hn thch hp.
(7) ngu - S nng chy ca kim loi p hoc s nng chy ca kim loi cc mp
c hn.
(8) Cha ngu (hoc khng ngu) - Mt loi khuyt tt ca mi hn do cha c s nng
chy (lin kt) gia kim loi mi hn vi kim loi c bn, gia kim loi c bn vi kim
loi c bn, hoc gia cc lp ca kim loi mi hn vi nhau khi hn nhiu lp.
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CHNG 2 HN
2.1 Quy nh chung
2.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cc yu cu ca Chng ny c p dng ch yu cho hn kt cu thn tu, v.v..., do
vy nh my phi tun th cc yu cu sau:
(1) Trc tin cc loi vt liu phi c chng ch thch hp, ph hp vi bn v ch to
kt cu thn tu c ng kim duyt.
(2) m bo phng php gia cng v chnh xc ph hp vi cht lng Yu cu.
(3) Th hn phi c chng ch ph hp v phi c kim tra tay ngh, duy tr k nng
v o to.
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu quy nh -1 trn, nh my phi kim sot cng vic hn ngoi hin
trng ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong Chng ny.
3 Cc Yu cu quy nh trong Chng ny phi c p dng cho cng vic hn cc kim
loi c bn l thp cn dng lm kt cu thn tu, thp cn lm vic nhit thp v
thp cn c bn cao ti v ram dng cho cc kt cu. Vic hn cc vt liu khc
phi c ng kim xt duyt ring trong tng trng hp c th.
2.2 K hoch cng vic
2.2.1 S hn
Nh ch to phi trnh cho ng kim s hn i vi mi tu duyt trc khi thc
hin cng vic hn, bao gm cc hng mc di y, v d bn v mt ct gia tu (ch ra
cp vt liu, chiu dy vt liu, kch thc vt liu, v.v...) c th c s dng nh l mt
s hn.
(1) Cc phn kt cu chnh i vi thn tu trong khong 0,6L gia tu, c d nh
hn ti hin trng.
(2) Cc quy trnh hn p dng cho hn (1) trn v v tr hn ca quy trnh hn , bao
gm c s quy trnh v ngy duyt ca quy trnh.
(3) Cc hng mc khc, nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
2.2.2 Quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan
1 Quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan phi c ng kim duyt ph hp cc
yu cu quy nh Chng 4 ca Phn ny.
2 t nht cc iu kin hn sau phi c a ra trong Bng cc thng s k thut ca quy
trnh hn (WPS):
(1) Quy trnh hn.
(2) Loi vt liu c bn (cp thp v chiu dy ln nht ca vt liu).
(3) Vt liu hn (cp vt liu hn, kh bo v, loi vt liu tm lt, v.v...).
(4) Kiu mi hn (mi hn gip mp hoc mi hn gc).
(5) T th hn.
(6) Chi tit v vt mp theo chiu dy vt liu c bn (bao gm tiu chun dung sai i
vi iu kin chun b cnh mi hn, gc vt mp, khe h chn, v lch mp), s
que hn v s b tr, kch thc chn mi hn hoc chiu cao mi hn gc, s lp
hn hoc trnh t i que v cc thng s hn (loi dng in, cng dng in,
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in p, tc hn, nhit lng ging ln mi hn).
(7) Nhit gia nhit v nhit gia cc lp hn.
(8) X l nhit mi hn.
(9) Cc iu kin khc cn thit cho quy trnh hn.
2.3 Chun b trc khi hn
2.3.1 Kim tra vt liu
Thc hin cng vic hn, nh my phi tun th cc yu cu sau:
(1) Thit lp bin php m c th nhn bit r cc loi thp v cc loi vt liu hn
trnh tnh trng s dng nhm.
(2) Loi b cc khuyt tt c hi trn b mt thp v trn cc b mt qua qu trnh ct kh.
(3) X l nhit nh gia nhit theo vt, v.v..., i vi thp phi ph hp vi tiu chun
c ng kim chp nhn tr khi c s ph duyt ring.
(4) Vt liu hn phi c bo qun v kim sot mt cch ph hp v phi c sy
mt cch thch ng, nu cn thit.
(5) Nh ch to phi ch dn mt cch y cho th hn v cch s dng cc loi vt
liu hn.
2.3.2 Chun b mp hn
1 Rnh hn phi c gia cng ng cch thc v ng dng, v cc vt nt hoc cc
khuyt tt trn rnh hn phi c loi b. m t, du m v g, v.v..., phi c lm
sch khi rnh hn v cc vng cnh rnh hn. Vic sn phn hn khng gy tc hi i
vi cht lng mi hn.
2 Phi c bit ch i vi vic chun b cnh mi hn ca cc ng hn ct nhau, cc
rnh hn thc hin ti hin trng, v.v...
2.3.3 Quy trnh lp ghp
1 Hnh dng, quy cch v khe h chn ca rnh hn phi ph hp vi tiu chun quy nh
trong Bng cc thng s k thut ca quy trnh hn (WPS) mc 2.2.2 tng ng vi quy
trnh hn c p dng. Khe h gia cc tm kim loi c bn trong mi hn ch T v mi
hn chng mp khng c vt qu mc cho php.
2 Hai u ca cc mi hn quan trng phi c gn thm tm vu hoc c tm kim loi di
hn mt cch ph hp, v s c ct b sau khi hn.
3 Cc m g s dng cho hn phi c lp sao cho khng to cng qu mc. Sau khi hn,
ni chung cc m g phi c tho b, v bt k khuyt tt no trn b mt ca kim Loi
c bn xut hin do thc hin vic tho b m g phi c sa cha thch ng bng
phng php hn, mi, v.v...
4 Mi ghp phi khng c khe h, lch mp v bin dng qu ln, v.v... Nu vic g lp
thc hin khng ng th phi thc hin li cho ph hp.
5 Khng c dng lc tc dng qu mnh chnh cc phn g lp khng t, nu to s
bin dng ln.

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2.4 Qu trnh hn
2.4.1 La chn vt liu hn
Vic s dng cc vt liu hn cho thp cn dng lm thn tu, thp cn lm vic nhit
thp, thp cn tm c bn cao ti v ram dng cho cc kt cu phi c la
chn ph hp vi nhng yu cu sau:
(1) S la chn cc vt liu hn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra trong Bng 6/2.1.
(2) Vi yu cu quy nh (1) trn, cc mi hn ca cc cp thp khc nhau c th c
s dng nh sau:
(a) Vt liu hn cho cp thp thp hn c th s dng cho mi hn ca cc cp thp
khc nhau cng bn.
(b) Khi hn cc loi thp c bn khc nhau, c th dng vt liu hn cho thp c
bn thp hn, vi iu kin phi p dng cc bin php thch ng ngn nga
nt.
(c) Que hn hydro thp phi c s dng hn thp c bn cao vi nhau
hoc hn thp c bn cao vi thp thng. Trong trng hp nu vt liu
c bn l thp c bn cao c nhit luyn bi qu trnh kim sot c
nhit (TMCP), que hn khng c hydro c th phi c s dng, nu c
ng kim chp nhn.
2.4.2 Xc nh iu kin mi trng khi hn
1 Hn c thc hin di iu kin c bo v phng m t, gi v tuyt.
2 Hn c thc hin di iu kin mi trng c xem nh l khng c bt k nh
hng no ti vic hn.
2.4.3 Gia nhit, v.v...
1 Vic gia nhit trc khi hn, vic hn cc ng hn ngn, v.v..., phi c thc hin ph
hp vi tiu chun c ng kim chp nhn, tr khi c s ph duyt c bit.
2 Trnh mi h quang trn b mt thp c bn cao v thp thng tr cp thp A, B v
D. Nu vic mi h quang gy ra do li ca th hn, th ton b kim loi ca vic mi h
quang phi c loi b bng phng php mi hoc phi c hn sa cha vi ng
hn ngn c chiu di tng ng.
3 Vic hn nh phi c thc hin di s gia nhit, la chn vt liu hn, chiu di mi
hn nh, v.v... mt cch c bit.
4 Trong trng hp hn di iu kin lc cng qu ln hoc tm thp qu dy, thp c
hoc thp rn, th cc ch c bit phi c yu cu nh gia nhit vt liu, s dng
que hn hydro thp, v.v... c hn vt liu thp c v thp rn, ni chung thnh
phn cacbon khng c vt qa 0,23% v phi c hu t W nh quy nh trong Phn
7A ca Quy chun ny.
2.4.4 Trnh t hn
1 Th t hn v hng hn phi c xem xt ngn nga cc khuyt tt c hi nh nt
mi hn v bin dng qu ln.
2 V nguyn tc, mi hn c th gy ra co ln hn phi c hn trc mi hn gy ra co
nh hn.

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Bng 6/2.1 p dng vt liu hn (i vi thp cn tm)
Loi v cp thp c
hn
Vt liu hn c s dng
A 1, 2, 3, 51, 52, 53, 54, 52Y40, 53Y40, 54Y40, L1, L2, L3
B, D 2, 3, 52, 53, 54, 52Y40, 53Y40, 54Y40, L1, L2, L3
E 3, 53, 54, 53Y40, 54Y40, L1, L2, L3
A32, A36 51, 52, 53, 54, 52Y40, 53Y40, 54Y40, L2
(2)
, L3, 2Y42, 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42
D32, D36 52, 53, 54, 52Y40, 53Y40, 54Y40, L2
(2)
, L3, 2Y42, 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42
E32, E36 53, 54, 52Y40, 53Y40, 54Y40, L2
(2)
, L3, 2Y42, 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42
F32, F36 54, 54Y40, L2
(2)
, L3, 4Y42, 5Y42
A40, D40 52Y40, 53Y40, 54Y40, 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42, 2Y46, 3Y46, 4Y46, 5Y46
E40 53Y40, 54Y40, 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42, 3Y46, 4Y46, 5Y46
Thp cn
dng cho
thn tu
E40 54Y40, 4Y42, 5Y42, 4Y46, 5Y46
L24A L1, L2, L3, 54, 54Y40
L24B, L27, L33 L2, L3, 5Y42
(3)
L37 L3, 5Y42
Thp cn
lm vic
nhit
thp
L9N53, L9N60 L91, L92
A43 2Y42, 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42, 2Y46, 3Y46, 4Y46, 5Y46, 2Y50, 3Y50, 4Y50, 5Y50
D43 3Y42, 4Y42, 5Y42, 3Y46, 4Y46, 5Y46, 3Y50, 4Y50, 5Y50
E43 4Y42, 5Y42, 4Y46, 5Y46, 4Y50, 5Y50
F43 5Y42, 5Y46, 5Y50
A47 2Y46, 3Y46, 4Y46, 5Y46, 2Y50, 3Y50, 4Y50, 5Y50
D47 3Y46, 4Y46, 5Y46, 3Y50, 4Y50, 5Y50
E47 4Y46, 5Y46, 4Y50, 5Y50
F47 5Y46, 5Y50
A51 2Y50, 3Y50, 4Y50, 5Y50, 2Y55, 3Y55, 4Y55, 5Y55
D51 3Y50, 4Y50, 5Y50, 3Y55, 4Y55, 5Y55
E51 4Y50, 5Y50, 4Y55, 5Y55
F51 5Y50, 5Y55
A56 2Y55, 3Y55, 4Y55, 5Y55, 2Y62, 3Y62, 4Y62, 5Y62
D56 3Y55, 4Y55, 5Y55, 3Y62, 4Y62, 5Y62
E56 4Y55, 5Y55, 4Y62, 5Y62
F56 5Y55, 5Y62
A63 2Y62, 3Y62, 4Y62, 5Y62, 2Y69, 3Y69, 4Y69, 5Y69
d63 3Y62, 4Y62, 5Y62, 3Y69, 4Y69, 5Y69
E63 4Y62, 5Y62, 4Y69, 5Y69
F63 5Y62, 5Y69
A70 2Y69, 3Y69, 4Y69, 5Y69
D70 3Y69, 4Y69, 5Y69
E70 4Y69, 5Y69
Thp c
bn
cao c
ti v ram
dng cho
cng trnh
bin
F70 5Y69

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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Ch thch:
(1) K hiu cc vt liu hn lit k trong bng trn c a ra trong Bng 6/6.1, Bng
6/6.12, Bng 6/6.21, Bng 6/6.29 v Bng 6/6.58, v c cc k hiu cui nh nhau, v d:
3 ch cc loi vt liu hn MW3, AW3, SW3 v EW3, k hiu L3 ch cc loi vt liu
hn MWL3, AWL3 v SWL3, k hiu 3Y42 ch cc loi vt liu hn MW3 Y42, AW3 Y42
v SW3 Y42.
(2) Vt liu hn L2 ch c p dng cho cp thp A32, D32, E32 hoc F32.
(3) Vt liu hn 5Y 42 ch c p dng cho thp cp L33.

2.4.5 Tin hnh hn
1 Hn phi c thc hin ph hp vi Bng cc thng s k thut ca quy trnh hn
(WPS) quy nh trong 2.2.2. Phi c bit ch ti cc v tr u, cui v v tr giao
nhau ca ng hn.
2 Hn phi c thc hin bi nhng th hn c chng ch ph hp vi ng dng ca cng
vic hn.
3 Ngoi tr nhng trng hp hn mt pha hoc cc qu trnh hn khc c ng
Kim duyt, trc khi hn mt sau ca mi hn gip mp phi tin hnh di mt sau
Loi b cc khuyt tt chn mi hn.
4 Ti v tr giao nhau ca cc mi hn gip mp, trc khi hn phi vt mp mi hn.
5 Phn cui ca mi hn gc ti v tr chu ng sut tp trung ln phi c hn y mt
cch lin tc. Hn p cc vt lm c th c chp nhn i vi cc v tr kt thc khc
ca ng hn m khng chu ng sut tp trung ln.
2.5 Kim tra hn v cht lng hn
2.5.1 Kim tra v cht lng
Kim tra hn v cht lng hn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh trong mc 1.4.
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CHNG 3 MU TH V QUY TRNH TH C TNH
3.1 Quy nh chung
3.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cc mu th v quy trnh th c tnh dng cho cc dng th Phn ny phi tha mn
cc yu cu trong Chng ny, tr khi c nhng yu cu c bit cc Chng sau.
2 Nu p dng cc mu th v cc quy trnh th c tnh khc vi nhng quy nh trong
Chng ny th phi c ng kim chp nhn.
3 Vic chn cc mu th phi theo cc yu cu tng ng ca Chng ny.
3.2 Mu th
3.2.1 Chn mu th
1 Tr khi c quy nh khc hoc c s tha thun trc vi ng kim, khng c tch
mu th ra khi vt th khi ng kim cha ng du vo vt th.
2 Nu mu th c ct ra t vt th bng ngn la hoc bng my ct phi li lng
d thch hp cho ln gia cng c sau cng.
3 Vic ch to cc mu th phi c tin hnh theo phng php sao cho mu th khng
b bin dng nhiu do nung nng hoc lm ngui.
4 Mu th c khuyt tt do gia cng hoc khuyt tt khng lin quan n bn cht ca vt
liu phi c loi b v thay bng mu th khc.

3.2.2 Mu th ko
1 Mu th ko phi c hnh dng v kch thc nh c cho Bng 6/3.1 v c hai u
ca mu th c th c gia cng sao cho c hnh dng thch hp vi b kp ca my
th.
2 Mt trn v mt di ca mi hn cn phi c mi, da hoc gia cng trn my n b
mt ca tm kim loi c bn.
3 Cc phn gia cng ca mi hn v cc mu pha sau phi c gia cng phng n
kim loi c bn.

3.2.3 Mu th un
1 Mu th un phi c hnh dng v kch thc nh quy nh Bng 6/3.2, ty theo loi vt th.
2 Nu chiu dy ca vt th ln hn chiu dy ca mu th un quy nh Bng 6/3.2, th
mu th un mt hoc un chn mi hn c th c gia cng trn my pha c p
n bng chiu dy theo quy nh.
3 Cc phn dn cc v cc mu pha sau phi c gia cng n kim loi c bn.

3.2.4 Mu th va p
1 Mt b mu th va p phi gm ba mu th.
2 Mu th va p phi l mu th U4 quy nh 2.2. Chng 2 Phn 7A ca Quy chun
ny, hnh dng v kch thc ca mu c cho Hnh 7A/2.1, Bng 7A/2.5 v
7A/2.6, Chng 2 Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny .

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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Bng 6/3.1 Hnh dng v kch thc ca mu th ko
(n v: mm)
Loi
mu th
Quy cch mu th
Kch thc
mu th
(1)

Mc ch

U1A

d =10
L
o
=50
L
c
=60
R > 5
Hoc l
L
o
=5d
L
c
=6d
R > 10
Th ko kim loi p (th
ko dc)

1B
d =6,0
L
o
=24
L
c
=32
R > 6
Th kim loi p c chiu
dy 12 mm (Vt liu hn
dng cho thp khng g)

1C
d =12,5
L
o
=50
L
c
=60
R > 15
Th ko kim loi p vi
chiu dy t 19 mm tr ln
nhng khng ln hn 25
mm (Vt liu hn dng cho
thp khng g)

U2A

a =t
(2)

W =30
L
c
=B +12
R > 50

U2B

a =t
W =25
L
c
=B +2t
hoc 3t, ly tr s
ln hn
R > 25

Th ko mi hn gip mp
dng cho mu th thp tm

2C

a =t
(2)

W =20
L
c
=B +12
R > 50
Vt th dng th mi hn
gip mp khi hn ng c
chiu dy nh hn 9 mm

2D
a =t
W =20
L
c
=B +12
R > 50
Vt th cho mi hn gip
mp khi hn ng c chiu
dy khng nh hn 9 mm
Ch thch:
(1) Cc k hiu c ngha nh sau:
d : ng knh; a: Chiu dy mu th; W: Chiu rng mu th; L
o
: Chiu di o
L
c
: Chiu di phn lng tr; R: Bn knh ln; t: Chiu dy vt th; B: Chiu rng ng hn
(2) Nu chiu dy mu th qa ln vt qu kh nng ca my th, vt th c th c ct ra th.
3.2.5 Cng nhn mu th
Hnh dng v kch thc mu th phi c xem xt cn thn v kim tra bng thit b
thch hp trc khi th.

M
u

t
h
o

k
i
m

l
o
p

M
u

t
h
o

m
i

h
n

g
i
p

L
c

L
o

R
d

L
c

B
6 6
a
R
w

B
6 6
R
L
c

a
w

6

6

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
19
Bng 6/3.2 Quy cch v kch thc mu th un
(n v: mm)
Loi
Dng
cho
Quy cch mu th Kch thc
mu th
(1)

Dng cho

UB-1

a =t, W =30
L > 200, R =1 2

Vt th mi hn gip
mp cho tm

UB-2

a =10, W =t
(2)

L > 200, R =1 2

Vt th mi hn gip
mp cho tm c chiu
dy ln hn 12 mm

B-3

a =10, W =t
(2)

L =200, R s 1,5

Vt th mi hn gip
mp cho ng c chiu
dy ln hn 20 mm

B-4

a =t, W =19
L =200, R s 1,5
i vi ng c D t
34,0 n 60,5; W phi l
19. i vi ng c D
khng ln hn 34,0,
chiu rng ca mu th
c ly bng 1/4 chu
vi ca ng.
Vt th mi hn gip
mp cho ng c chiu
dy nh hn 10 mm

B-5

a =10, W =40
L =200, R s 1,5
i vi ng c D khng
ln hn 114,3; W phi
l 19
Vt th mi hn gip
mp cho tm c chiu
dy khng nh hn 10
mm nhng khng ln
hn 20 mm

UB-6
a =t, W =30
L > 200, R s 1,5
Nu chiu dy ca vt
th ln hn 25 mm, th
chiu dy ca mu th
c th gim xung n
25 mm v ch mt pha
c gia cng bng my
(mt chu nn)

Th mi hn gip mp

B-7

a =10, W =40
L > 250, R s 1,5

Th mi hn gip mp
(vt liu hn dng cho
thp c 9% Ni)
M
u

t
h
n

m
t

v
n

c
h
n

M
u

t
h
n

c
n
h

T
h

t
h
n
h

p
h
m

c
h
t

M
u

t
h
n

m
t

v
n

c
h
n

M
u

t
h
n

m
t

v
n

c
h
n

T
h

c
h
n
g

n
h
n

v

k
i
m

t
r
a

H
n
g

n
m

v
t

l
i
u

h
n

L
R
W

a

L

R
a

W

t
R
a

L
Un mt
Un chn
a
L
w

a
t
L

R
w

t
a

a

R
w

L
R
a

B

w

L
R
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
20
Bng 6/3.2 Quy cch v kch thc mu th un (tip theo)
(n v: mm)
Loi
Dng
cho
Quy cch mu th
Kch thc
mu th(1)
Dng cho

UB-8

a =10, W =t
L > 200, R =1 2
Th mi hn gip mp (vt
liu hn dng cho hn in
x v hn in di kh v
hn theo k thut hn hai
lp s dng qa trnh hn
MIG cho hp kim nhm)

B -10

a =3,2, W =40
L ~ 150, R s a/6
Vt th dng th mi
hn gip mp cho tm c
chiu dy bng 3,2 mm

B -11

a =9, W =40
L ~ 250, R s 1,5
Vt th dng th mi
hn gip mp cho tm c
chiu dy bng 9 mm

B-12

a =9, W =t
L ~ 250, R s 1,5

Vt th dng th mi
hn gip mp cho tm c
chiu dy khng nh hn
25 mm

B-13

a =t, W =15
L ~ 250, R s 1,5

Vt th dng th mi
hn gip mp cho ng c
chiu dy khng nh hn 4
mm nhng khng ln hn
5,3 mm

B-14

a =9, W =40
L ~ 250, R s 1,5

Vt th dng th mi
hn gip mp cho ng c
chiu dy khng nh hn 9
mm nhng khng ln hn
15 mm

B-15

a =9, W =t
L ~ 250, R s 1,5

Vt th dng th mi
hn gip mp cho ng c
chiu dy khng nh hn
20 mm
Ch thch:
(1) S dng cc k hiu sau y:
a : Chiu dy; W: Chiu rng mu th; R: Bn knh gc ln; D: ng knh ngoi ca ng;
t: Chiu dy ca vt th; B: Chiu rng mi hn; L: Chiu di vt th.
(2) Nu chiu dy mu th un ln hn 40 mm, mu th c th c ct ra th.
R

L

L
R
a

w

L
a

a
R
w

L
L

a

Un mt R
t
a
t
L
a

R Un chn
w

a
t

a

L
w

R
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
21

Hnh 6/3.2 g th un c rnh dn hng
(n v: mm) (Dng cho mu th un
c chiu dy 3,2 mm)

Un mt Un chn Un cnh
8
0

1
0
0

Theo yu cu

Theo yu cu
50
14
38
52
7R
12R
Khong
100
6
50
Theo yu cu

M bi trn
Theo yu cu
Khong 12
Khong 190
Khong 240
38
30R

19R
Khong 136
98
Un mt Un chn Un cnh
Hnh 6/3.1 g th un c rnh dn hng (n v: mm)
(Dng cho mu th un c chiu dy 9 mm)
K
h
o
n
g

3
0

K
h
o
n
g

1
3
5

1
1
5

1
7
0

K
h
o
n
g

1
2

K
h
o
n
g

1
9

1
9

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
22

3.3 Quy trnh th c tnh
3.3.1 Th ko v th va p
Th ko v th va p phi c tin hnh ph hp vi nhng quy trnh c quy nh
2.3 Chng 2 Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny .
3.3.2 Th un
1 Tr khi c quy nh khc, th un c th c thc hin trn gi c rnh dn hng
hoc c trc ln.
2 B g th un trn gi c rnh dn hng phi nh Hnh 6/3.1 v 6/3.2.
3 B g tin hnh th un trn trc ln phi nh Hnh 6/3.3.

t : Chiu dy mu th
R : Bn knh thanh tc dng
R' : Bn knh gi (Khng quy nh)
S : Khong cch gia hai gi {2(R +R' +t +2)}
Hnh 6/3.3 g th un trn gi c trc ln (n v: mm)

Theo yu cu
Ti thiu
50

Thanh tc dng
Mu th
Gi Gi
R
R'
R'
S
Ti thiu
50
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
23

CHNG 4 QUY TRNH HN V CC THNG S K THUT LIN QUAN

4.1 Quy nh chung
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nu khng c quy nh chng no khc, nhng yu cu trong Chng ny c p
dng ch yu duyt quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan cho cc kt cu
thn tu, v.v...
2 Nhng yu cu trong chng ny c p dng vi quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut
lin quan duyt thp c v thp rn c tnh hn dng cho kt cu thn tu. Tuy nhin,
th va p c th c chp nhn theo s ng ca ng kim.
3 Quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan c ng kim duyt c p dng
cho tt c cc ni trong phn xng v ngoi hin trng ca nh my ng tu vi cng
trang thit b v h thng kim sot.
4 Cc quy trnh hn khc vi nhng yu cu quy nh trong Chng ny phi ph hp vi
cc yu cu quy nh trong 1.1.1-3.

4.1.2 Duyt quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan
1 Quy trnh hn ca nh my phi c ng kim duyt trc khi hn trong cc trng
hp t (1) n (3) quy nh di y:
(1) Khi quy trnh hn c lp ln u thc hin vic hn quy nh trong Chng 2.
(2) Khi cc hng mc ca quy trnh hn (WPS) c duyt b thay i.
(3) Khi ng kim thy cn thit.
2 Cc thng s k thut tng ng vi mi quy trnh hn nu ra mc -1 trn phi c tp
hp li thnh Bng cc thng s k thut ca quy trnh hn v phi c ng kim
duyt. Cc thng s k thut bao gm cc yu cu quy nh trong 2.2.2-2.
4.1.3 Tin hnh th
1 duyt quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan, cc cuc th quy nh trong 4.2
hoc 4.3 phi c tin hnh trn c s cc iu kin hn m t trong cc quy trnh
hn vi kt qu tha mn nh vt mp mi hn, cc thng s hn, v.v...
2 ng kim c th min gim mt phn hoc ton b cc yu cu quy nh -1 trn i vi
vic th duyt quy trnh hn, vi iu kin ng kim duyt quy trnh hn.
3 Nu ng kim thy cn thit, vic th hoc cc iu kin th khc vi quy nh trong
Chng ny c th c yu cu kim tra cht lng quy trnh hn.
4 S thay i vt liu tm lt i vi hn mt pha phi c ng kim chp thun.
5 Th kim tra cht lng quy trnh hn i vi thp tm c ph lp khng g, cc yu
cu quy nh trong 4.2 v 4.3 phi c tha mn. Tuy nhin, nu cht lng quy trnh
hn khc vi vt liu c bn l thp tm c ph lp khng g c ng kim duyt
di cng mt iu kin hn, th vic th dai va p c th c min cho quy trnh
hn ang c xem xt.
6 Quy trnh hn khc vi quy trnh c s dng (hn kt hp) c th c tin hnh th
quy trnh hn ring bit cho mi mi hn
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
24

4.1.4 Phm vi duyt
1 Phm vi duyt ca quy trnh hn v cc thng s k thut lin quan ca vt liu thp cn
lm kt cu thn tu lm vic nhit thp v thp cn c bn cao ti v ram
dng cho cc kt cu c th theo cc yu cu t (1) n (5) di y, vi iu kin cc
iu kin hn khc phi nh nhau. Tuy nhin phm vi duyt khc t cc yu cu nu ra
chng ny c th c ng kim chp nhn.
(1) Kiu mi hn:
Cc quy trnh hn cho mi hn gip mp c duyt c th s dng cho mi hn
gc c cng t th hn vi mi hn gip mp.
(2) Chiu dy kim loi c bn ca mi hn gip mp
i vi mi hn gip mp, phm vi chiu dy ca kim loi c bn phi ph hp vi
quy nh trong Bng 6/4.1.
(3) Kch thc chn mi hn gc
Phm vi xt duyt i vi kch thc chn mi hn gc phi ph hp vi quy nh
trong Bng 6/4.2.
(4) Cp ca kim loi c bn
(a) Trong nhm vt liu c cng mc bn, cc quy trnh hn tha mn cc yu
cu i vi vic hn cc kim loi c bn c dai va p cao hn s c coi
l tha mn cc yu cu i vi vic hn ca kim loi c bn c dai va p
thp hn (vt liu c nhit th dai va p theo quy nh cao hn).
(b) Trong nhm vt liu c cng mc dai va p, cc quy trnh hn tha mn cc
yu cu i vi vic hn kim loi c cp bn cao hn c p dng cho vic
hn cc kim loi c bn c bn thp hn (vt liu c gii hn chy quy nh
thp hn). i vi qu trnh hn c nhit lng ging ln mi hn ln quy nh
trong Ch thch (1) Bng 6/4.1, tuy nhin, iu ny phi c ng kim cho l
ph hp.
(5) Loi vt liu hn
Cc vt liu hn a ra t (a) n (c) di y ch phi tha mn yu cu v cp
vt liu (bao gm c cc hu t), vi iu kin chng phi do cng mt nh sn
xut lm ra:
(a) Que hn c thuc bc cho hn h quang tay vi loi que hn l: MW1, MW2,
MW3, MW52, MW53 v MW52 Y40.
(b) Vt liu hn cho hn bn t ng l: SW1, SW2, SW51, SW52 v SW52 Y40.
(c) Loi vt liu cho hn t ng l AW1, AW2, AW52 v AW52 Y40 (nu ch dng
trong k thut hn nhiu lp v trong mi hn gc nh nu ra Bng 6/4.1.)
2 Nu ng kim thy cn thit i vi quy trnh hn, c th bt buc phi hn ch vic nhit
luyn i vi kim loi c bn, v hm lng carbon tng ng hoc cm nhn nt
ngui v cc v tr p dng quy trnh hn.
3 Phm vi duyt cc vt liu khc vi cc loi thp cn dng lm kt cu thn tu phi c
ng kim duyt ring.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
25
4.2 Th mi hn gip mp
4.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu 4.2 c p dng cho cc mi hn gip mp cc vt liu nu Bng
6/4.4 hoc vt liu tng ng c hn bng phng php hn h quang tay, hn bn
t ng hoc hn t ng.
4.2.2 Cc dng th
Th mi hn gip mp v s lng mu phi theo cc yu cu nu Bng 6/4.4
Bng 6/4.1 Phm vi duyt kiu mi hn
Kiu mi hn vi kiu mi hn Phm vi duyt
C tm lt A A, C, D Mt mt
Khng c tm lt B A, B, C, D
C tm lt C C
Hn gip mp
Hai mt
Khng c tm lt D C, D
Hn gc E E
Bng 6/4.2 Phm vi chiu dy c duyt
(1)

Phm vi chiu dy c duyt (mm)
Hn t ng
Chiu
dy vt
th
t(mm)
(2),
(3)

K thut
hn nhiu lp
K thut hn mt lp
hoc hn hai lp
Qu trnh hn vi
nhit lng ging
ln mi hn ln
(5)

Hn gc
t s 100 0.5t 2t
(6) (7)
(Khng ln hn
100)
0.7t 1.1t
(6) (7)
(Khng ln hn 100)
0.7t t
0.5t 2t
(6) (7)
(Khng ln hn 100)
Ch thch:
(1) Quy trnh hn khc vi quy trnh c s dng (hn kt hp) c p dng theo Bng
6/4.2. Trong trng hp chiu dy hoc chiu cao ca mi phng php hn l t;
(2) Hn gip mp ca cc tm c chiu dy khc nhau khng c ln hn kch thc quy nh;
(3) Phm vi duyt mi hn gc s c p dng cho chiu dy bn thnh v bn cnh ca
mu th;
(4) Nu mi hn ch T c p dng hn gu ton b, cc yu cu p dng nh cc yu
cu i vi mi hn gip mp;
(5) Hn c nhit lng ging ln mi hn ln l hn c nhit lng t 50 KJ/cm tr ln;
(6) i vi t th hn thng ng t trn xung di cho mu th c chiu dy l t phi lun
lun ly cao hn gii hn phm vi p dng;
(7) Chiu dy mu th khng c ln hn 12 mm, gi tr ti thiu khng p dng.
Bng 6/4.3 Gii hn chp nhn kch thc chn ca mi hn gc
Phm vi duyt kch thc chn mi hn (mm)
K thut hn mt lp K thut hn nhiu lp
0.75f 1.5f
(1) (2)
0.75f 2f
(1) (2)

Ch thch:
(1) Kch thc chn ca mu th;
(2) Nu t th hn thng ng t trn xung di c p dng, phm vi chiu dy
c duyt l f.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
26
Bng 6/4.4 Cc dng th v s mu th i vi mi hn gip mp
Dng th v s lng mu th
(1)
Loi v cp vt liu vt th
K
i
m

t
r
a

b
n
g

m
t

T
h
o

T
h
n

Th va p
(2)

K
i
m

t
r
a

c
u

t
r
c

v

K
i
m

t
r
a

k
h
n
g

p
h
y
(
3
)

A, B, D, E 3~8<a,b,c,d,e>
(7)
Thp cn dng
cho thn tu
A32, D32, E32, A36, D36, E36,
A40, D40, E40, F40
5<A,B,C,D,E>
(8)
L24A, L24B, L27, L33, L37,
L2N30, L3N32, L5N43

2

4
(5)

Thp cn lm
vic nhit
thp
L9N53, L9N60 4
(4)
2
(6)
ng thp lm
vic nhit
thp
LPA, LPB, LPC, LP2, LP3, LP9
4

5 <A, B,C,D,E>

Thp cn bn
cao ti v ram
dng cho kt cu
A43, D43, E43, F43, A47, D47,
E47, F47, A51, D51, E51, F51,
A56, D56, E56, F56, A63, D63,
E63, F63, A70, D70, E70, F70

3~8<a,b,c,d,e>
(7)

Thp cn
khng g
SUS304, SUS304L, SUS304N1,
SUS304N2, SUS304LN,
SUS309S, SUS310S, SUS316,
SUS316L SUS316N, SUS316LN,
SUS317, SUS317L, SUS317LN,
SUS321, SUS347

4
(5)

ng thp
khng g
304TP, 304LTP, 309STP,
310STP, 316TP, 316LTP, 317TP,
317LTP, 321TP, 347TP

(9)

Loi 5000 5754P, 5383P
5086P, 5086S
(12)
5083P, 5083S
(12)

Hp kim nhm
(11)
Loi 6000 6055AS
(13)

6061P, 6061S
(13)

6082S
(13)
T
o
n

b
n
g

h
n

2

4

-

1

T
o
n

b
n
g

h
n

Ch thch:
(1) Nu thy cn thit ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th ko, kim tra cu trc vi m, th
cng v cc th nghim khc i vi kim loi mi hn.
(2) Ch trong du <> ch v tr vt khc ch V nu Hnh 6/4.2 n Hnh 6/4.4.
(3) Kim tra khuyt tt bn trong bng chp nh phng x, siu m v kim tra b mt bng t
tnh hoc thm thu cht lng.
(4) Phi ly 2 mu th theo hng dc v 2 mu th theo hng ngang theo Hnh 6/4.1(D).
(5) Phi ly 2 mu th theo hng dc theo Hnh 6/4.1 (A) v (E).
(6) Chiu di mu th phi ly theo Hnh 6/4.1 (D).
(7) Mu th phi ly theo Hnh 6/4.2 v Hnh 6/4.3.
(8) V tr vt khc ch V ca mu th ly theo Hnh 6/4.4
(9) Khi nhn thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th va p cho thp c s
dng cho mc ch c bit.
(10) Vic th phi c tin hnh i vi vt liu cp A36, D36, E36, F36, A40, D40 v F40.
(11) Phi bao gm iu kin ram cho cc hp kim nhm (Xem Bng 7A/8.3)
(12) Nhm tm c cng cp v iu kin ram c th c s dng.
(13) Cc hp kim nhm khc ca loi 6000 c bn ko ln hn hoc bng 260 N/mm
2
c th
c s dng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
27
Bng 6/4.5 Nhng yu cu i vi th ko cho mi hn gip mp
Th ko
Loi thp

Cp vt liu vt th Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
0,2% Gii hn chy
quy c (N/mm
2
)
>590
(1)
>315 Thp cn lm vic
nhit thp
L9N53, L9N60
>630
(2)
-
Thp ng lm vic
nhit thp
LP9 >630 -
5086P-H112
(4)
5086P-H116
>240 -
5083P-H116
5083P-H321
>275 -

Hp kim nhm
(3)
6061P-T6
6005AS-T5
(5)
, 6005A S-T6
(5)

6061S-T6
(5)

6082S-T5
(5)
, 6082S-T6
(5)

>170

-
Ch thch:
(1) i vi cc mu th ko theo hng dc;
(2) i vi cc mu th ko theo hng ngang;
(3) Cp ca hp kim nhm a ra iu kin ram;
(4) i vi vt th c chiu dy khng ln hn 12,5 mm;
(5) Xem ch thch (12) Bng 6/4.4.
Hnh 6/4.1(a) Vt th th cht lng quy trnh hn

Ch thch:
(1) Trong hnh (A), chiu rng W v chiu di L ca vt th nh sau:
i vi hn h quang tay v hn bn t ng: W > 300 mm, L > 350 mm.
i vi hn t ng: W > 400 mm, L > 1000 mm.
(2) Un mt v un chn c th c chp nhn bng un bn cnh i vi t > 12 mm
(A) Vt th dng cho tm (khng bao gm cc vt liu a ra ((D), (E) v (F)
Ko
Mt (hoc cnh)
W
t

Ct b
V m
Va p
D tr

5
0

L

Ko
Ct b

5
0

Un
W/2
Chn (hoc cnh) Un
Mt (hoc cnh) Un
Chn (hoc cnh) Un
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
28

Hnh 6/4.1(b) Vt th th cht lng quy trnh hn

(B) Vt th dng cho ng c chiu
dy n 20 mm

(C) Vt th dng cho ng c chiu
dy trn 20 mm
Ch thch:
(1) Trong Hnh (G), chiu rng W v chiu di L vt
th nh sau:
- Hn h quang tay v hn bn t ng:
W > 300 mm, L > 350 mm.
- Hn t ng: W > 400 mm, L > 1000 mm.
(2) i vi hp kim nhm c chiu dy ln hn hoc
bng 12 mm cc mu th un chn v un mt
c th thay th bng 4 mu th un cnh.
(3) ng kim c th yu cu th un dc i vi
mi hn gip mp hn hai hp kim khc nhau.
(E) Vt th dng cho thp tm khng g

Ct b

>

5
0

>

5
0

>300
>

3
5
0

t
V

> 50

(D) Vt th dng cho vt liu
L9N53 hoc L9N60

> 50
Un mt Ko (dc)
V
a

p

Ko (dc) Un chn
B
o

K

3
0
0

Ko
V m
Ct b
Un Mt (hoc cnh)
Chn (hoc cnh)
Ko
Mt (hoc cnh)
Chn (hoc cnh)
Un
Un
Un
(F) Vt th dng cho hp kim nhm

>

5
0

>

5
0

W
L

W/2
Ct b
Ko
V m
Ko
Ct b

Mt (hoc cnh)
Chn (hoc cnh)
Mt (hoc cnh)
Chn (hoc cnh)
Un
Un
Un
Un
t
D tr
Un chn
Ko
Un mt
Un mt
Ko
V m
Va p
Un chn
t
Un canh
Ko
Un cnh
Va p
Un cnh
D tr
V m
Ko
Un cnh
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
29

V tr vt khc
(a) ng tm ca mi hn WM
(b) ng nng chy FL
(c) HAZ, cch ng nng chy 2 mm
Ch thch:
i vi ng hn mt pha chiu dy ln hn 20 mm th v tr ca rnh kha a
s phi b sung ti pha chn.

Hnh 6/4.2 V tr cc rnh ct ca mu th va p i vi thp cn lm kt
cu thn tu v thp cn c bn cao ti v ram (khi nhit
lng ging ln mi hn khng ln hn 50 kJ /cm, n v tnh: mm)

(c) i vi hn mt pha (t > 50 mm)

a
(a) i vi hn mt pha (t 50 mm)

(b) i vi hn hai pha (t 50 mm)
1 2 mm
a b c
1 2 mm
Mt th hai
Mt th nht
a b c
1 2 mm a b c
b
1 2 mm
(d) i vi hn hai pha (t > 50 mm)
a

a
b c
b
Mt th hai
Mt th nht
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
30

V tr vt khc
(b) ng nng chy FL
(d) HAZ, cch ng nng chy 5 mm
(e) HAZ, cch ng nng chy 10 mm

Hnh 6/4.3 V tr cc rnh ct ca mu th va p i vi thp cn lm kt
cu thn tu v thp cn c bn cao ti v ram (khi nhit
lng ging ln mi hn ln hn 50 kJ /cm,n v tnh: mm)
(a) i vi hn mt pha (t 20 mm)

1 2 mm
a b c d e
1 2 mm
(b) i vi hn hai pha (t 50 mm)
Mt th hai
Mt th nht
a b c d e
1 2 mm
(c) i vi hn mt pha (t > 20 mm)
a

a
b c
b
d e
1 2 mm
(d) i vi hn hai pha (t > 50 mm)
a

a
b c
b
Mt th hai
Mt th nht
d e
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
31

4.2.3 Vt th
1 Vt th phi c chun b t vt liu ging nh vt liu thc t hoc vt liu tng
ng.
2 Kch thc v dng ca vt th phi nh quy nh (A), (B), (C), (E), (F) ca Hnh 6/4.1.
3 Vt th phi c hn ng t th hn trong thc t.
4 Vt th i vi cc ng c ng knh ln hn 300 mm ngoi thc t, c th lm nh vt
th cho vt liu dng tm.
5 i vi mi hn gip mp ca thp cn tm lm vic nhit thp v thp cn c bn
cao ti v ram dng cho cc kt cu, th vt th c th c gia cng sao cho hng
cn song song vi hng hn.
6 Ni chung, chiu dy ca vt th dng th cht lng quy trnh hn phi c chiu dy
tng ng vi chiu dy ca vt liu dy hn c hn thc t.
7 Mi hn nh ca vt th phi cng quy trnh nh cng vic thc t.
4.2.4 Kim tra khi kt thc hn mu th
B mt mi hn phi u, ng dng v phi khng c khuyt tt c hi nh nt, chy
chn, chng mp, v.v...
4.2.5 Th ko
1 Th ko phi c tin hnh cho cc mu th U2A, U2B, 2C v 2D quy nh Bng
6/3.1. Tuy nhin, nu mu th khc c s dng phi c trnh duyt cho ng kim.
bn ko gii hn phi khng c nh hn bn ko gii hn yu cu nh nht ca
vt liu c bn, tr cc trng hp c nu Bng 6/4.5.
2 S lng mu th ko ly t mi vt th phi c ly nh Bng 6/4.4.
3 Cc yu cu v mu th mi hn ca thp c gi tr bn khc nhau th phi p dng
mi hn ca thp c gi tr bn thp.
V tr vt khc
(b) ng nng chy FL
(d) HAZ, cch ng nng chy 5 mm
(e) HAZ, cch ng nng chy 10 mm

Hnh 6/4.4 V tr cc rnh ct ca mu th va p i vi thp cn v thp
ng lm vic nhit thp (khi nhit lng ging ln mi hn ln
hn 50 kJ /cm, n v tnh: mm)

a) K thut hn mt hay nhiu lp

1 - 2
BCDE A
1 - 2
b) K thut hn hai lp
Mt th hai
B C D E
A
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
32
4.2.6 Th un
1 Th un c thc hin vi cc dng: un mt, un chn hoc un cnh cc mu th
UB-1, UB-2, B-3, B-4 hoc B-5 quy nh Bng 6/3.2, v cc mu th phi c un trn
b g quy nh Bng 6/4.6. Phi khng c vt nt hoc khuyt tt khc c chiu di ln
hn 3 mm theo bt k hng no mt ca mu th sau khi un.
2 S lng mu th un ly t tng vt th phi nh quy nh Bng 6/4.4.
4.2.7 Th va p
1 Mu th va p phi l mu th dng U4 quy nh Bng 7-A/2.5 v c ly t nhng v
tr cho Hnh 6/4.2 n Hnh 6/4.4
Khi khng th ly c mu th va p U4 do iu kin v vt liu th phi p dng nhng
quy nh 2.2.4-4 v 2.3.2-2, Chng 2 Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
2 S cc mu th c ly t mi vt th v v tr ca vt khc ch V ca mu th phi theo
quy nh Bng 6/4.4 v Hnh 6/4.2 n Hnh 6/4.4. Hng dc ca vt khc ch V ca
mu th phi ly theo hng chiu dy ca vt th.
Bng 6/.4.6 Nhng yu cu i vi th un mi hn gip mp
Loi thp Cp ca vt liu Bn knh ca chy
p (mm)
(1)

Gc un
(
o
)
Thp ng lm vic
nhit thp
LP9
(10/3)t
A43, D43, E43, F43
A47, D47, E47, F47
A51, D51, E51, F51

(5/2)t Thp c bn cao
ti v ram dng cho kt
cu cng trnh bin
A56, D56, E56, F56
A63, D63, E63, F63
A70, D70, E70, F70

3t
5754P
5086P, 5086S
(3)

5083P, 5083S, 5383P
(3)

3t

Hp kim nhm
(2)

6005AS
(4)

6061P, 6061S
(4)

6082S
(4)

(7/2)t
Cc vt liu khc 2t

180
Ch thch:
(1) t: chiu dy mu th;
(2) Xem ch thch (11) Bng 6/4.4;
(3) Xem ch thch (12) Bng 6/4.4;
(4) Xem ch thch (13) Bng 6/4.4.
3 Nhit th v nng lng hp th ti thiu trung bnh ca 3 mu th c quy nh
trong Bng 6/4.7 n Bng 6/4.9 v s phn trm b gy ca mu th phi c ghi li
trong kt qu th.
4 i vi cc mi ni c hn kt hp gia hn t ng v hn th cng, hoc hn t
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
33
ng v hn bn t ng, nhng mu th phi c ly t phn c hn t ng. C
th yu cu phi ly b mu th khc t phn c hn th cng hoc bn t ng nu
ng kim xt thy cn thit.
5 i vi mi hn gip mp gia thp cp cao hn hn vi thp cp thp hn th vic th va
p phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu th va p ca mi hn gip mp cho thp cp
thp hn.
6 Khi th va p cc mi hn ca thp c bn khc nhau, phi p dng cc yu cu i
vi thp c bn thp hn.
4.2.8 Kim tra cu trc v m
1 Tit din ngang ca mu th ly t cc mi hn phi c khc axt v kim tra chng
t rng khng c vt nt, khng thu, khng ngu v cc khuyt tt c hi khc.
2 Kim tra v m s bao gm khong 10 mm khng nh hng n vt liu c bn
Bng 6/4.7 Nhng yu cu i vi th va p cho mi hn gip mp
(cho thp cn dng lm kt cu thn tu, nu chiu dy khng ln hn 50 mm)
(1)

Gi tr ti thiu ca nng lng hp th trung bnh (J )
(2)

Mi hn bng tay hoc bn t ng
Cp thp Nhit th (
o
C)
Hn bng,
hn ngang
Hn ng t di ln,
Hn ng t trn xung
Mi hn
t ng
A 20
B, D 0
E - 20
A32, A36 20 34 34
D32, D36 0 47
E32, E36 - 20
F32, F36 - 40
A40 20
D40 0 39 39
E40 - 20
F40 - 40
Ch thch:
(1) i vi chiu dy ln h ni 50 mm, cc yu cu th va p phi theo quy nh 4.1.3-3
v c s ng ca ng kim;
(2) Mt b mu th coi nh b hng nu tr s ca nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln
nh hn tr s trung bnh ti thiu ca nng lng hp th c quy nh hoc gi tr
ca nng lng hp th ca bt k mu th no nh hn 70% nng lng hp th trung
bnh ti thiu yu cu;
(3) Nng lng hp th trung bnh trn ng nng chy v trong vng nh hng nhit ti
thiu l 27J .
4.2.9 Th cng
1 cng Vick Ke phi c o v tr nu trong Hnh 6/4.5. Loi ca mu th cho cng
Vick Ke phi theo cc yu cu a ra trong Bng 6/4.10.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
34
2 S lng mu th cho th cng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra trong Bng 6/4.4.
4.2.10 Th khng ph hu
1 Kim tra khuyt tt bn trong bng chp nh phng x, siu m v kim tra b mt bng t
tnh hoc thm thu cht lng phi c tin hnh trn ton b chiu di ng hn. Kt
qu th khng ph hu chng t rng khng c vt nt v cc khuyt tt c hi khc.
2 Trong trng hp x l nhit sau hn phi c yu cu hoc th, kim tra th khng ph
hu phi c tin hnh sau khi x l nhit.
3 Thp cn c bn cao ti v ram dng cho kt cu s phi c ti thiu 48 gi tr
khi x l nhit c tin hnh.
Bng 6/4.8 Nhng yu cu i vi th va p mi hn gip mp
(cho thp cn lm vic nhit thp)
A
(1)
B, C, D, E
(1)

Tr s trung bnh ti thiu
ca nng lng hp th
(3)
(J )
Cp thp Nhit th (
o
C)
Gi tr trung bnh
ti thiu ca nng
lng hp th
(3)
(J )
L
(2)
T
(2)

L24A - 40
L24B - 50
L27 - 60
L33 - 60
L37 - 60
L2N30 - 70 41 27
L3N32 - 95
L5N43 - 110 27
L9N53 -196
L9N60 -196
LPA -40
LPB - 50 27
LPC - 60
LP2 - 70
LP3 - 95
34

LP9 - 196 41
Ch thch:
(1) V tr cc vt khc cho Hnh 6/4.4.
(2) L (hoc T) biu th chiu ca mi hn l vung gc (hoc song song) vi hng cn ca
vt liu th.
(3) B mu th c coi nh b hng, nu tr s ca nng lng hp th trung bnh ca hai
mu th tr ln c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ti thiu ca nng lng hp th theo
quy nh hoc l tr s nng lng hp th trung bnh ca mt mu th bt k trong s cc
mu th nh hn 70% tr s trung bnh ti thiu ca nng lng hp th theo quy nh.
(4) Khi p dng nhng yu cu Phn 8D ca Quy chun ny, th nhit th dai va p
phi c ly nh sau:
(a) Nhit th dai va p cho thp L24A n L5N43 phi c ly thp hn nhit
cho trong Bng 7A/3.17 3.4.5-2, Chng 3 Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
(b) Nhit th dai va p cho thp LPA n LPC phi ly gi tr no nh hn trong 2
gi tr: nhit thp hn nhit theo thit k l 5
o
C hoc -20
o
C.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
35
Bng 6/4.9 Nhng yu cu i vi th va p mi hn gip mp
(cho thp c bn cao ti v ram dng cho cng trnh bin)
Tr s trung bnh ti thiu ca nng lng hp th
(1)
(J )
b, c, d, e
(2)

Cp thp

Nhit th
o
C
a
(2)
L
(3)
T
(3)
A43 0
D43 - 20 42 28
E43 - 40
F43 - 60 47
A47 0
D47 - 20 31
E47 - 40 46
F47 - 60
A51 0
D51 - 20 50 50 33
E51 - 40
F51 - 60
A56 0
D56 - 20 55 55 37
E56 - 40
F56 - 60
A63 0
D63 - 20 62 62 41
E63 - 40
F63 - 60
A70 0
D70 - 20 69 69 46
E70 - 40
F70 - 60
Ch thch:
(1) B mu th c coi nh b hng, nu tr s ca nng lng hp th trung bnh ca hai
mu th tr ln c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh ti thiu ca nng lng hp th theo
quy nh hoc l tr s nng lng hp th trung bnh ca mt mu th bt k trong s cc
mu th nh hn 70% tr s trung bnh ti thiu ca nng lng hp th theo quy nh;
(2) V tr ca rnh kha ch ra trong Hnh 6/4.2 v Hnh 6/4.3;
(3) L (hoc T) biu th chiu ca mi hn l vung gc (hoc song song) vi hng cn ca
vt liu th.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
36
4.2.11 Th li
1 Khi kim tra bng mt hoc bng phng php kim tra khng ph hy cho kt qu khng
p ng yu cu, th phi tin hnh th li vi cc mu th mi c hn di cng iu
kin hn, v tt c cc mu th li ny u phi t yu cu.
2 Khi th ko hoc th un cho kt qu khng t yu cu, phi tin hnh th li vi s
lng mu th gp i s mu th khng t, s mu th mi phi c ct t vt liu
dng cho ln th u tin hoc t vt liu th c hn di cng iu kin hn, th li
phi cho kt qu tt c cc mu th u t yu cu.

Bng 6/4.10 Nhng yu cu i vi th cng
Loi mu th Vick Ke cng
(HV10)
Thp cn lm kt cu thn tu
(1)
Khng ln hn 350
Thp cn c bn cao ti v ram
lm kt cu thn tu
Khng ln hn 420
Ch thch:
(1) Phi tin hnh th i vi thp A36, D36, E36, F36, A40, D40, E40 v F40.
3 Khi th va p cho kt qu khng tha mn yu cu v trong nhng trng hp khc vi
cc trng hp nh a ra (1) v (2) di y, vic th li c th phi c thc
hin trn b mu th mi c ct t cng vt liu th vi cc mu th cho kt qu
khng t yu cu. Trong trng hp ny, cc mu th c xem l t yu cu nu tha
Hnh 6/4.5 Th cng (n v tnh: mm)

ng o
(a) i vi hn mt pha

ng o

ng o
(a) i vi hn hai pha
Ch thch:
(1) i vi mi ng kha rng ca phi c ti thiu 3 ng kha rng ca ring l trn
ton b ng hn, vng nh hng nhit (hai pha) v kim loi c bn (hai pha).
(2) Khong o bng 1 mm trn c s lin kt.
(3) Khong ti trng l 10 kg cng Vick Ke.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
37
mn cc iu kin Trung bnh cng gi tr nng lng hp th ca ton b su mu th,
bao gm c cc mu th khng t, ln hn gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh theo
yu cu. S mu th, trong s cc mu th ni trn c gi tr nng lng hp th nh hn
gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo yu cu v s lng mu th c nng
lng hp th nh hn 70% gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh nh nht theo yu cu
phi t hn hai.
(1) Khi kt qu th cho thy khng mu th no t gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh
nh nht theo yu cu.
(2) Khi kt qu th cho thy hai mu th khng t 70% gi tr nng lng hp th trung
bnh nh nht theo yu cu.
4 Nu c mt gi tr cng trn gi tr cho php th phi tin hnh th b sung.
5 Nu cc mu th khng tha mn quy nh mt trong cc mc t -1 n -4 trn, th phi
th li cc mu th mi, cc mu th mi phi c hn vi cc iu kin hn thay i so
vi cc mu th c. Cc mu th mi u phi t tt c cc yu cu th theo quy nh.
4.3 Th mi hn gc
4.3.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu 4.3 c p dng cho mi hn gc cc vt liu quy nh Bng 6/4.4,
hoc vt liu tng ng c hn th cng, bn t ng hoc t ng.
4.3.2 Cc dng th kim tra
Mi hn gc phi c th kim tra cui cng sau khi hn, th cu trc v m, th
cng, th dn v kim tra khng ph hy. Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu
cu thm cc dng th khc.
4.3.3 Vt th v hn
1 Vt th phi c lm bng chnh vt liu thc t s dng hoc vt liu tng ng.
2 Kch thc v quy cch ca vt th c cho Hnh 6/4.6.
3 Vt th phi c hn ng theo t th tin hnh ngoi thc t.
4 Vt th ch c php hn mt pha, tr trng hp ng kim thy cn thit.
5 i vi hn h quang tay v hn bn t ng, v tr kt thc v ni que phi dng v bt
u li ti vng gia ca vt th theo hng dc ng hn.
6 Mi hn nh ca vt th phi cng quy trnh nh cng vic thc t.
4.3.4 Kim tra cui cng sau khi hn
B mt mi hn phi u, ng dng v phi khng c khuyt tt c hi nh nt, chy
chn, chng mp, v.v...
4.3.5 Kim tra cu trc v m
1 Trn cc mu th c khc a-xit kim tra cu trc v m ti tit din ngang ca mi
hn gc, mi hn phi khng c s khc nhau qu mc gia chiu di cnh trn v cnh
di, khng c vt nt v cc khuyt tt c hi khc.
2 Kim tra v m s bao gm khong 10 mm khng nh hng n vt liu c bn.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
38
4.3.6 Th cng
1 cng Vick Ke phi c o v tr nu trong Hnh 6/4.7. Loi ca mu th cho cng
Vick Ke phi theo cc yu cu a ra trong Bng 6/4.10.
2 S lng mu th cho th cng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra trong Bng 6/4.4.

Ch thch:
(1) Chiu di ca mu th L phi ln hn 350 mm i vi mi hn h quang tay v hn bn
t ng (bao gm c hn trng lc) v ln hn 1000 mm i vi hn t ng.
Hnh 6/4.6 Vt th cho mi hn gc (n v: mm)

Lc tc dng
L
Khc a xt kim tra
Cu trc v m
Ming th dn
t
2

> 150
Ct b
Ct b
50 50

>
1
5
0

Ch thch:
(1) i vi mi ng kha rng ca phi c ti thiu 3 ng kha rng ca ring l trn
ton b ng hn, vng nh hng nhit (hai pha) v kim loi c bn (hai pha);
(2) Khong o bng 1 mm trn c s lin kt;
(3) Khong ti trng l 10 kg cng Vick Ke.
Hnh 6/4.7 Th cng (n v tnh: mm)

ng o
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
39
4.3.7 Th dn
Cc vt th cn li sau khi ly i mu th th kim tra cu trc v m phi c lm
gy bng lc p nh Hnh 6/4.6 m khng c vt nt, l kh, khng thu v cc khuyt
tt c hi khc trn b mt gy. Tuy nhin, nu tng chiu di c l kh (bao gm c phn
khng thu) ngoi tr hai u mt ca mu th khng ln hn 10% chiu di ton b ca
mi hn th mu th c th c coi l t yu cu.
4.3.8 Kim tra khng ph hy
1 Kim tra b mt bng t tnh hoc thm thu cht lng phi c tin hnh trn ton b
chiu di ng hn. Kt qu th khng ph hu chng t rng khng c vt nt v
cc khuyt tt c hi khc.
2 Trong trng hp x l nhit sau hn phi c yu cu hoc th, kim tra th khng ph
hu phi c tin hnh sau khi x l nhit.
3 Thp cn c bn cao ti v ram dng cho kt cu s phi c ti thiu 48 gi tr
khi x l nhit c tin hnh.
4.3.9 Th li
1 Khi kim tra bng mt hoc bng phng php kim tra khng ph hy cho kt qu khng
p ng yu cu, th phi tin hnh th li vi cc mu th mi c hn di cng iu
kin hn, v tt c cc mu th li ny u phi t yu cu th theo quy nh.
2 Nu th cng khng p ng yu cu, vic th li phi tho mn cc yu cu trong
4.2.11-4.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
40

CHNG 5 TH HN V KIM TRA TAY NGH TH HN
5.1 Quy nh chung
5.1.1 Th hn
1 Mi th hn mun c tin hnh cng vic hn theo quy nh Phn ny phi qua c
k kim tra tay ngh bt buc theo quy trnh v vt liu hn thch hp v c ng kim
cp chng ch th hn. Mi th vn hnh my hn t ng phi l th hn c nhiu
kinh nghim i vi loi hn ny.
2 Chng ny a ra nhng yu cu i vi vic kim tra trnh tay ngh cho th hn th
cng, hn bn t ng v hn bng in cc Vnfram trong mi trng kh tr bo v
(TIG - Tungsten Inert Gas).
Thut ng "Hn bn t ng" ngha l cng vic hn c thc hin bng cch ngi th
hn dng tay iu khin m hn, ch c dy hn c np t ng.
3 Chng ny a ra nhng yu cu i vi kim tra trnh th hn thp thng, thp
khng g v hp kim nhm.
4 Nhng yu cu i vi kim tra trnh cho th hn hn nhng vt liu c bit v
nhng loi hn cha c quy nh Chng ny s do ng kim xem xt v quyt
nh trong tng trng hp c th.
5.1.2 Chng ch cng nhn trnh th hn
Chng ch s c cp cho cc th hn qua c k kim tra trnh tay ngh do
ng kim t chc. Chng ch ny phi xut trnh khi ng kim yu cu.
5.1.3 Thi hn hiu lc
Chng ch trnh th hn c gi tr l hai nm k t ngy c cp.
5.1.4 Duy tr chng ch th hn
Nhng th hn c ng kim cp chng ch, mun duy tr cng nhn trnh ca
mnh, phi c kim tra cp mi chng ch trc khi ht hn chng ch c. Nu qua
c k kim tra trnh ny, ngi th hn s c ng kim cp chng ch mi c
thi hn l hai nm. Trong trng hp ny, vic kim tra cp mi chng ch phi tha mn
cc yu cu ca ng kim.
5.1.5 Kim tra li
1 Khi bt k mu th no khng t c yu cu v kch thc theo yu cu do cht lng
gia cng km th phi lm vt th khc th.
2 i vi th hn khng t yu cu mt phn no ca k kim tra th vic kim tra li
phn khng t c th c tin hnh trn hai mu th ging ht nh vy c tch ra t
vt th c hn trong vng mt thng tnh t ngy kim tra khng t.
3 i vi th hn khng t yu cu ton b cc phn kim tra hoc khng t yu cu
khi kim tra li nh quy nh -2 trn th khng c d t kim tra tip trong vng mt
thng tnh t ngy kim tra khng t.
5.1.6 Hn v quy trnh hn
1 Vt th c th c hn bng in xoay chiu hoc mt chiu.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
41
2 Khng c x dch ln xung hoc qua li vt th trong qu trnh hn. Khi hn mi hn
t th ng phi hn t di ln.
3 Hn ch c thc hin mt mt. Nu khng c quy nh no khc khng c hn
mt sau.
4 Ni chung, vt th dng cho vt liu dng tm phi c c nh hoc kp cht gc
cong vnh do hn khng ln hn 5 .
5 Khng c g ba hoc x l nhit trc, trong v sau khi hn vt th.
5.2 Trnh th hn
5.2.1 Loi, bc v cp trnh th hn
1 Loi trnh th hn c phn chia nh Bng 6/5.1 tng ng vi quy trnh hn thc
t s dng.
Bng 6/5.1 Cc loi ca trnh th hn
K hiu Quy trnh hn thc t s dng
A Hn hai mt bao gm c di v hn mt sau
N Hn mt mt khng c tm lt
2 Bc th hn c phn chia nh Bng 6/5.2 theo chiu dy vt liu thc t c hn.
Bng 6/5.2 Bc th hn v chiu dy tn c th hn
Bc Chiu dy (mm) ca vt liu thc t c th hn
1 T 5 tr xung
2 T 19 tr xung
3 Khng gii hn
3 Cp th hn theo t th hn i vi mi bc c phn chia nh Bng 6/5.3.
Bng 6/5.3 Cp th hn theo t th hn i vi mi bc th
Cp
Tm ng Tay ngh

Bc
Hn
bng
(Cp F)
Hn
ng
(Cp V)
Hn
ngang
(Cp H)
Hn
trn
(Cp O)
Hn mi t
th
(Cp Z)
Hn ng
c nh
(Cp P)
Bc 1 1F 1V 1H 1O 1Z 1P
Bc 2 2F 2V 2H 2O 2Z 2P
Bc 3 3F 3V 3H 3O 3Z 3P
4 Th hn cp Z nu -3 trn y c coi l c trnh ca tt c cc cp F,V, H v O
trong cng mt bc.
5 Mt th hn mun c cng nhn trnh cp V, H, O v P ng vi mi bc v mi loi
phi t trnh cp F ng vi mi loi v mi bc.
6 Ngi th hn bt k cp no, bc no ca loi N u c coi l th hn cng cp v
bc ca loi A.
7 Th hn bc 3 c th c coi l th hn bc 2, bc 1, v th hn bc 2 tng t cng
c coi l th hn bc 1 cng cp v loi.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
42
5.3 Quy trnh kim tra
5.3.1 Cc dng kim tra v quy trnh kim tra
1 Quy trnh hn, vt th, t th hn v quy trnh kim tra i vi mi t kim tra trnh th
hn c quy nh cc Bng 6/5.4, 6/5.5 v 6/5.6.
Bng 6/5.4 Quy trnh hn kim tra trnh th hn
Loi Quy trnh hn Tm lt vt th
A C
N
Hn h quang
Khng c
Bng 6/5.5 Chiu dy vt th, t th hn v quy trnh kim tra
i vi kim tra trnh th hn (vt liu tm)
Cp
Bc
Chiu dy
vt th
(mm)
Cp F Cp V Cp H Cp O Cp Z
Quy trnh
th
Bc 1 3,2
Hn
bng
Hn
ng
Hn
ngang
Hn
trn
Hn mi
t th
Th un
mt v th
un chn
Bc 2 9
Hn
bng
Hn
ng
Hn
ngang
Hn
trn
Hn mi
t th
Th un
mt v th
un chn
Bc 3 > 25
Hn
bng
Hn
ng
Hn
ngang
Hn
trn
Hn mi
t th
Th un
cnh
Bng 6/5.6 Vt th v quy trnh th i vi cp P (ng c nh)
Th Vt th ca vt liu ng c nh
Bc Thp thng v thp khng g Hp kim nhm

Bc 1
Chiu dy: 4,0 ~5,3 mm
ng knh ngoi: 100 ~120 mm
Chiu dy: 4,0 ~5,3 mm
Th un chn (th un
mt v un chn i vi
hp kim nhm)
Bc 2 Chiu dy: 9 ~11 mm
Chiu dy: 12 ~15 mm
Th un mt v un
chn
Bc 3 Chiu dy: > 20 mm
Chiu dy: 20 mm
Th un cnh
2 T th hn i vi mi hn gip mp v ng tng ng theo quy nh Hnh 6/5.1 v Hnh 6/5.2.
5.3.2 Vt liu lm vt th v vt liu hn
1 Vt liu lm vt th v vt liu hn dng cho thp thng phi ph hp vi mt trong
nhng yu cu sau y hoc phi c cht lng tng ng c ng kim chp
nhn:
(1) Vt th dng cho tm
Thp cn tm dng cho thn tu (A n E)
Thp cn tm dng cho ni hi (P42 hoc P46)
(2) Vt th dng cho ng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
43
ng thp t cp 1 n cp 3 dng cho ng ng p lc (STPG38 n STPT49 cho Bng
7A/4.10 Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny). Cc ng ch to t thp tm nh quy nh ti (1).
(3) Vt liu hn dng th phi l vt liu hn dng cho thp thng c ng kim
chp nhn.
2 Vt liu lm vt th v vt liu hn dng cho thp khng g phi ph hp vi mt trong
nhng yu cu sau hoc phi c cht lng tng ng c ng kim chp nhn.
(1) Vt th dng cho vt liu tm
Thp tm cn khng g quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.

(2) Vt th dng cho ng
Hnh 6/5.1 Cc t th hn vt liu tm

(a) Hn bng
Phng ngang
(d) Hn trn
(c) Hn ngang
(b) Hn ng
Phng ngang
Phng ngang
Phng ng
Phng ngang
Phng ng
Phng ngang
Phng ngang
Hnh 6/5.2 T th hn ng

(a) ng c nh nm ngang
Phng nm ngang
(b) ng c nh thng ng
Phng thng ng
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
44
ng thp khng g quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny;
ng lm bng thp khng g dng tm cn quy nh (1).
(3) Vt liu hn dng th phi l vt liu hn dng cho thp khng g c ng kim
chp nhn.
3 Vt liu th v vt liu hn dng cho hp kim nhm phi ph hp vi mt trong nhng yu
cu sau y hoc vt liu c cht lng tng c ng kim chp nhn.
(1) Vt th cho vt liu tm
5083P-O theo quy nh Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny;
(2) Vt th cho vt liu ng
Nhng ng c lm bng vt liu cn quy nh (1).
(3) Vt liu hn dng th phi l vt liu hn dng cho hp kim nhm c ng kim
chp nhn.
5.3.3 Vt th dng cho mi loi v mi bc th hn
1 Kch thc v dng ca vt th dng cho vt liu tm ca Bc 1 phi theo quy nh
Hnh 6/5.3.
Hnh 6/5.4.
Hnh 6/5.5.
4 Kch thc v dng ca vt th dng cho vt liu ng ca Bc 1 phi theo quy nh Hnh
6/5.6. Vt th phi c c nh thch hp nh quy nh Hnh 6/5.2(a), v tin hnh hn
vng gia A, B v C nh Hnh 6/5.6 (a), trong A v C phi nm ngay trn v ngay
di trc nm ngang.
Sau , vt th phi c c nh thng ng nh Hnh 6/5.2 (b) v phi tin hnh hn
vng gia A, D v C nh Hnh 6/5.6 (a).
5 Kch thc v dng ca vt th dng cho vt liu ng ca Bc 2 nh quy nh Hnh
6/5.7. Vt th phi c c nh thch hp nh Hnh 6/5.2(a), v phi tin hnh hn
vng gia AB v AD nh Hnh 6/5.7, trong A phi nm ngay di trc honh. Sau
vt th phi c t c nh thng ng nh Hnh 6/5.2 (b), v phi tin hnh hn
vng gia B, C v D nh Hnh 6/5.7 (a).
C th bt u hn t B hoc t D.
6 Kch thc v dng ca vt th cho vt liu ng ca Bc 3 phi ly nh Hnh 6/5.8. Quy
trnh hn cng nh i vi vt th quy nh -5 trn y.
5.3.4 Mu th
Mu th phi c ch to theo quy cch v c kch thc cho Bng 6/3.2.
1 Mu th un mt v un chn tch t vt th dng tm dng cho mi Cp hn ca Bc 1
v 2 phi l loi B-10 v B-11, cn mu th un cnh tch ra t vt th dng tm dng cho
mi Cp ca Bc 3 phi l loi B-12.
2 Mu th un mt v un chn tch ra t vt th hnh ng dng cho mi Cp ca Bc 1 v
2 phi tng ng l loi B-13 v B-14, cn mu th un cnh tch ra t vt th hnh ng
dng cho mi Cp ca Bc 3 phi l loi B-15.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
45
Bng 6/5.7 iu kin th p dng cho th un trn gi trc ln
Vt th Bn knh chy p
ng ca bc 1 1,5 t

Thp thng
Vt liu tm ca bc 1
Vt liu tm ca bc 2
Vt liu tm ca bc 3
Vt liu ng ca bc 2
Vt liu ng ca bc 3

2,0 t

Thp khng g
Vt liu tm ca bc 1
Vt liu tm ca bc 2
Vt liu tm ca bc 3

Hp kim nhm
Vt liu ng ca bc 1
Vt liu ng ca bc 2
Vt liu ng ca bc 3

t - Chiu dy mu th.
(a) Kch thc ca vt th (n v: mm)

(b) Mi hn i vi vt th bng thp thng
v thp khng g (n v: mm)

(c) Mi ni i vi vt th bng hp kim
nhm (n v: mm)

<45
0

Mt chn <1 <2
3,2 (thng thng)
Mi hn loi N
<45
0

Ty
Mt chn >1,6
3,2 (thng thng)
Mi hn loi N
<45
0

Mt chn >1
Tm lt
3,2 (thng thng)
Mi hn loi A
<3
Khong 25
<2
Hnh 6/5.3 Kch thc v dng ca vt th cho vt liu tm ca Bc 1

W
1
: Khong 150 mm i vi hn th cng
v hn TIG.
Khong 200 mm i vi hn bn t
ng.
W
2
: Khng ln hn 30 mm i vi hn th
cng v hn TIG.
Khong 40 mm i vi hn bn
t ng.

Mu th un mt
B i
Khong 150
B i
B i
Mu th un chn
W
2

W
1

4
0

4
0

Khong 250
3
,
2

T
h
n
g

t
h
n
g

3
1
3
t
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
46

(b) Mi hn i vi vt th bng thp thng v thp khng g (n v: mm)

(c) Mi hn i vi vt th bng hp kim nhm

Hnh 6/5.4 Kch thc v dng ca vt th cho vt liu tm ca Bc 2
<35
0

Tm lt
Mt chn <1,5
>4
<4
Khong 25
9 (thng thng)
Mi hn loi A Mi hn loi N
<35
0

Mt chn >1,5
s 5
9 (thng thng)
<55
0

<6
Mt chn <3
9 (thng thng)
Mi hn loi N
Mt chn <3
<55
0

Tm lt
9
Mi hn loi A
<8
Khong 25
<6
9 (thng thng)
<45
0

<4
<5
Mt chn <3
C th ln trn
Mi hn loi N
W
1
: Khong 150 mm i vi hn th cng v hn TIG.
Khong 200 mm i vi hn bn t ng.
W
2
: Khng ln hn 30 mm i vi hn th cng v hn TIG.

9

(
t
h
n
g

t
h
n
g
)

Khong 250
Mu th un mt
B i
Mu th un chn
W
1

B i
B i
4
0

4
0

W
2

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
47

(b) Mi hn dng cho vt th bng thp thng v thp khng g (n v: mm)
<35
0

<4
>25
<10
Tm lt
<Khong 40
Mi hn loi A
Mt chn <3
<35
0

<6
Mi hn loi N
Mt chn <3
>25
W
1
: Khong 150 mm i vi hn th cng v hn
TIG.
Khong 250
Mu th Un chn
B i
Mu th Un cnh
B i

K
h
o
n
g

6
0

9

9

W
1

<10
Khong 25
Mi hn loi A
Tm lt
Mt chn <5
>20
C th ln
trn
Mt chn <5
<55
0

<4
<9
Mi hn loi N
<55
0

<6
Mt chn <5
>20
>20
Hnh 6/5.5 Kch thc v dng ca vt th cho vt liu tm ca th Bc 3
(c) Mi hn dng cho vt th bng hp kim nhm (n v: mm)

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
48
(a) Kch thc ca vt th (n v : mm)
(b) Mi hn dng cho thp thng v thp khng g (n v: mm)
<3
<40
0

Mi hn cho loi N
Mt chn >1,6
4,0 ~ 5,3
(c) Mi hn dng cho hp kim nhm (n v: mm)
Mi hn loi A
Mt chn <2
C th ln gc
Tm lt
<3
<45
0

<4
<4
Khong 25
4,0 ~ 5,3 (thng thng)
C
A
D
45
0
45
0

B
Mu th un chn
Mu th un chn
(Mu th un mt i vi hp kim nhm)
Khong 125 Khong 125
C
n
h

t
h
e
o

p
h
n
g

n
g
a
n
g

C
n
h

t
h
e
o

p
h
n
g

n
g
a
n
g

Hnh 6/5.6 Kch thc v dng ca vt th hnh ng ca th Bc 1
Mi hn loi N
Mt chn <2
C th ln gc

<3
<45
0

<4
4,0 ~ 5,3 (thng thng)
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
49

(b) Quy cch mi hn dng cho thp thng v thp khng g (n v: mm)
Mi hn loi N

<4
Mt chn <5
C th ln gc
<7
<45
0

12 ~ 15 (thng thng)
(c) Quy cch mi hn dng cho Hp kim nhm (n v : mm)
Mi hn loi A
Mt chn <3
<35
0

<4
<4
Tm lt
Khong 25
9 ~ 11
Mi hn loi N
<4
Mt chn <3
<35
0

9 ~ 11
Mi hn loi A
12 ~ 15
Mt chn <5
C th ln gc

Tm lt
<7
<45
0

<7
<4
Khong 25
Khong 125 Khong 125
C nh theo
Phng ng

Mu th un mt
Mu th un chn
Mu th un chn
Mu th un mt
A
D B
Mu th
un mt
Mu th
Un chn
120
0

C
30
0

30
0

120
0

120
0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
50

Mi hn loi A

Mt chn <5
<35
0

>20
<7
<7
<7
Tm lt

khong 25
(b) Quy cch mi hn dng cho thp thng v thp khng g (n v: mm)
(c) Quy cch mi hn dng cho Hp kim nhm (n v: mm)

Mi hn loi N

<35
0

Mt chn <5
<7
C th ln trn
<7
>20
Mi hn loi A

Mi hn loi N

Mt chn <3
<35
0

<6
>20
Mt chn <3
<35
0

<10
<4
Tm lt
khong 40
>20
Khong 125 Khong 125
C nh theo
Phng ng

Mu th
un cnh
Mu th
un cnh
Mu th un cnh
A
D
30
0

B
120
0

120
0

120
0

30
0

C
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
51
5.3.5 Quy trnh th cho mi mu th
1 Th phi l th un nh hng hoc th un trn gi trc ln. Mu th phi c un
qu 180 . Trng hp l hp kim nhm th phi th un trn gi trc ln. Tuy nhin, c
th thay th bng phng php th un nh hng thch hp nu c ng kim chp
nhn.
2 Trong trng hp th un nh hng, mu th c tch ra t vt th dng tm ca
Bc 1 phi c th trn gi th un cho Hnh 6/3.2, cn mu th tch ra t vt th
dng tm hoc t vt th dng ng ca Bc 2 v 3 phi c th bng gi th un
trnh by Hnh 6/3.1.
Tuy nhin, mu th tch ra t vt th dng ng ca Bc 1 phi c th trn gi trc ln
bng gi th un nh c cho Hnh 6/3.2 theo iu kin th quy nh Bng 6/5.7.
3 Trong trng hp th un trn gi trc ln, vic th un phi tin hnh bng gi th
un nh Hnh 6/3.3 theo cc iu kin nu trong Bng 6/5.7.
5.3.6 Tiu chun nghim thu
Mu th phi khng xut hin vt nt hoc khuyt tt khc c chiu di ln hn 3 mm
bt k hng no mt ngoi do un.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
52
CHNG 6 VT LIU HN
6.1 Quy nh chung
6.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Nhng yu cu ca Chng ny p dng cho cc vt liu hn tng ng vi cc vt liu
khc nhau c dng trong kt cu thn tu, my mc, cc thit b lp t trn tu,v.v...
6.1.2 Loi vt liu hn
Loi vt liu hn c quy nh t 6.2 n 6.9 ty thuc vo cc quy trnh th i vi
loi vt liu c bn, bn v tnh do ca cc vt liu c bn.
6.1.3 Cng nhn vt liu hn
1 Cc vt liu hn phi c ng kim cng nhn ti mi nh my sn xut v cho tng
loi vt liu hn.
2 c ng kim cng nhn, vic th cng nhn vi tng loi vt liu hn khc
nhau phi c tin hnh theo quy nh t 6.2 n 6.9 v cc yu cu trong cuc th
phi t kt qu tha mn.
3 Vic th cng nhn i vi cc vt liu hn khng nm trong cc quy trnh th c
quy nh Chng ny phi c tin hnh theo cc quy trnh th c ng kim chp
nhn.
4 Trng hp cc vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn c sn xut ti cc nh
my khc vi cc nh my c vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn th ni dung th
cng nhn vt liu hn c th c gim vi iu kin phi c ng kim chp
nhn.
5 Trng hp vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn c sn xut theo ng cc tiu
chun k thut c tha thun vi cc nh ch to c vt liu hn c cng nhn th
ni dung th cng nhn vt liu hn c th gim vi iu kin phi c ng kim
chp nhn.
6 Vic th cng nhn vt liu hn quy nh t 6.2 n 6.6 v 6.9 c th c tin hnh
i vi cc vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn v loi vt liu hn theo bn v
tnh do c th c thay i cho ph hp vi kt qu th. Tuy nhin, theo thng l, thi
gian thay i phi ng vo thi gian kim tra hng nm.
7 Nu xt thy cn thit ng kim c th yu cu cc dng th khc so vi quy nh trong
Chng ny.
8 Trng hp vt liu hn dng cho c hn gip mp v hn gc th cc t th hn c
chp nhn th mi hn gip mp cng l cc t th hn tng ng th mi hn gc.
6.1.4 Quy trnh sn xut, v.v...
1 Cc vt liu hn phi c ch to ti cc nh my c thit b sn xut, quy trnh sn xut
v h thng kim tra cht lng c ng kim cng nhn.
2 Nh my phi c trch nhim sn xut cc vt liu hn vi cht lng khng i.
6.1.5 Kim tra hng nm
1 Cc vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn theo 6.1.3 phi c kim tra hng nm
quy nh t 6.2 n 6.9 v kt qu kim tra phi qu tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
53
Ngoi ra, vic kim tra hng nm cc vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn theo
nhng quy trnh th khc vi quy nh Chng ny phi c tin hnh theo cc quy
trnh th c ng kim chp nhn.
2 Thng thng, vic kim tra hng nm phi c tin hnh trong khong thi gian khng
qu 12 thng.
6.1.6 Th v kim tra
1 Vic th v kim tra cng nhn vt liu hn v kim tra hng nm phi c tin hnh
di s gim st ca ng kim.
2 Cc iu kin hn i vi vt liu th (dng in, in p, tc hn, v.v...) phi c
nh ch to vt liu hn quy nh. Ngoi ra, khi c c dng in xoay chiu v mt chiu
th phi dng dng in xoay chiu.
6.1.7 Th li
1 Khi th ko v th un khng t yu cu th phi chn cc mu th khc vi s lng
gp hai ln cc mu th b hng th li. Cc mu th ln sau phi c ly ra t cc
vt th ln trc hoc t vt th c hn trong cng iu kin hn, v nu tt c cc
mu th u t kt qu tha mn th coi nh cuc th t yu cu.
2 Khi cc kt qu th va p khng t yu cu v trng hp khc vi trng hp a ra
(1) v (2) di y th vic th li phi c tin hnh trn mt b cc mu th ly ra t
cng mt vt th ly cc mu th ln trc. Trong trng hp , cc mu th c
coi l t yu cu nu nh gi tr trung bnh ca nng lng hp th ca tng cng 6 mu
th, k c gi tr ca cc mu th b hng, phi ln hn tr s nh nht theo quy nh ca
gi tr nng lng hp th, ngoi ra, trong s cc mu th nu trn, s mu th c nng
lng hp th nh hn tr s nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo quy nh nh
hn 2 v s cc mu th ch t 70% gi tr ca nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu
nh hn 1.
(1) Khi tt c cc mu th khng t gi tr ca nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu.
(2) Khi c 2 mu th khng t c 70% gi tr trung bnh ti thiu theo quy nh ca
nng lng hp th.
3 Khi cc mu th khng t c cc yu cu a ra -1 v -2 trn th phi ly mu
th mi t cc vt th c hn trong iu kin hn khc v cc mu th mi ny phi
t c tt c cc yu cu quy nh ca cuc th.
6.1.8 ng gi v ghi nhn hiu
1 Cc vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn phi c ng gi cn thn m bo
c cht lng trong khi vn chuyn v ct gi.
2 Tt c cc hp v gi ng vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn phi c ghi
nhn hiu mt cch r rng v bao gm y cc s liu theo yu cu ca ng kim.
6.2 Que hn hn h quang bng tay i vi thp thng, thp c bn cao v
thp lm vic nhit thp
6.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Que hn dng cho hn h quang bng tay i vi hn thp thng, thp c bn cao v
thp lm vic nhit thp c a ra mc (1) v (2) di y (t sau y trong
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
54
mc 6.2 c gi l que hn) phi c ng kim tin hnh th cng nhn que hn
v kim tra hng nm theo cc yu cu nu trong mc 6.2 ny.
(1) Que hn dng cho hn bng tay
(a) Dng cho mi hn gip mp (bao gm c hn mt mt);
(b) Dng cho mi hn gc;
(c) Dng cho c mi hn gip mp v mi hn gc.
(2) Que hn dng trong hn trng lc hoc cc phng php hn thng ng tng t
(a) Dng cho mi hn gc;
(b) Dng cho mi hn gip mp v mi hn gc.
6.2.2 Loi v k hiu que hn
1 Que hn c phn thnh cc loi nh c a ra Bng 6/ 6.1.
2 Khi vic hn c thc hin mt pha v que hn t c kt qu th th hu t U s
c thm vo cui ca k hiu ch loi que hn.
3 Que hn c hm lng Hydro thp c kim tra hm lng Hydro t yu cu nh
c quy nh mc 6.2.11 th cc hu t c a ra Bng 6/6.9 s c in b
sung vo cui k hiu loi que hn (in vo sau hu t U trong trng hp nu mc -2
trn) (V d: MW53U H 10).
6.2.3 Th cng nhn vt liu hn
c ng kim cng nhn, vic th c quy nh trong cc mc t 6.2.4-1 n 6.2.4-4
phi c tin hnh i vi mi loi que hn.
6.2.4 Nhng iu khon chung cho vic th
1 Dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc ca vt th, ng knh que hn dng
hn vt th, t th hn, loi v s lng mu th ly t mi vt th que hn a ra mc
6.2.1 (1)(a) v (c) phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.2. Tuy nhin khi xt thy cn thit, ngoi cc
dng th a ra Bng 6/6.2 ng kim s yu cu th nt nng mt cch thch ng
ngoi cc dng th quy nh Bng ny.
2 Dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc ca vt th, ng knh que hn dng
hn vt th v t th hn cng nh loi v s lng mu th c ly ra t mi vt th
que hn c a ra mc 6.2.1(1)(b) phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.3.
3 Vic th i vi que hn c a ra mc 6.2.1(2) phi c tin hnh theo cc yu
cu mc (1) v (2) di y:
(1) i vi que hn c nu mc 6.2.1 (2) (a), vic th theo ni dung ca Bng
6/6.3 quy nh ti mc -2 trn phi c thc hin.
(2) i vi que hn c a ra mc 6.2.1(2)(b), vic th theo mc (1) trn v th
mi hn gip mp theo Bng 6/6.2 quy nh mc -1 trn phi c thc hin.
4 Khi c hai loi que hn nu mc 6.2.1(1) v (2) c yu cu th th ni dung th
cng nhn que hn quy nh cho mi loi que hn phi c thc hin y . Tuy nhin
vic th kim loi p c th c min cho loi que hn nu mc 6.2.1(2).
5 Loi thp dng ch to vt th que hn phi ly theo Bng 6/6.4, ph thuc vo loi
que hn c th.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
55
Bng 6/6.1 Loi v k hiu que hn
Dng cho thp
thng
Dng cho thp
c bn cao
Dng cho thp lm vic
nhit thp
MW1
MW2
MW3
MW52, MW52Y40
MW53, MW53Y40
MW54, MW54Y40
MWL1, MWL91
MWL2, MWL92
MWL3
Bng 6/6.2 Cc dng th i vi que hn

Vt th
Dng
th

T th hn

ng knh que hn
(mm)
S
vt
th
Kch
thc
vt th
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng mu th
ly ra t vt th

4 1
(1)
Hnh
Mu th ko:1 Th kim
loi p

Hn bng

ng knh max 1
(1)
6/ 6.1 20 Mu th va p: 3

Hn bng
Lp th nht: 4
Cc lp tip theo: 5
Hai lp cui: max
1

Th mi
hn
gip
mp
Lp th nht: 4
Lp th hai: 5 hoc 6
Cc lp tip theo: max
1
(2)

Hnh
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th un mt mi hn: 1
Mu th un chn mi hn: 1
Hn ngang
(4)
Lp th nht: 4 hoc 5
Cc lp sau: 5
1 6/6.2 15-20 Mu th va p: 3
Hn ng
i ln
Lp th nht: 3,2
Cc lp sau 4 hoc 5
1
Hn ng
i xung
(3)

1
Hn trn Lp th nht: 3,2
Cc lp tip theo: 4
hoc 5
1
Th mi
hn
gc
(5)

Hn theo
chiu ngang
Cnh th nht: max
Cnh th hai: min
1 Hnh
6/6.3
20 Mu th kim tra cu trc
v m
(7)
: 3
Mu th cng
(7)
: 3
Mu th t: 2
Th
Hydro
(6)

Hn bng 4 4
(8)
12 Mu th Hydro: 1
Ch thch:
(1) Khi ng knh que hn c sn xut ch c mt loi th ch cn mt vt th;
(2) Khi vic th ch tin hnh vi t th hn bng th s vt th ny c tng thm;
(3) ng knh que hn dng th do nh ch to quy nh;
(4) i vi que hn c th hn gip mp t th hn bng v hn ng i ln t yu
cu th vic th t th hn ngang c th c min nu c ng kim ng ;
(5) Dng th ny ch b sung cho que hn dng cho c mi hn gip mp v mi hn gc c
p dng ch thch (4) trn;
(6) Ch p dng cho que hn c hm lng Hydro thp;
(7) Cc mu th dng cho th kim tra cu trc v m v th cng c coi l nh nhau;
(8) Kch thc cc vt th c quy nh mc 6.2.5-3.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
56
Bng 6/6.3 Cc dng th i vi que hn
Vt th Dng
th
T th
hn
ng knh
que hn (mm)
S
lng
vt th
Kch thc
vt th
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng
mu th ly
ra t vt th
4 1 Th kim
loi p
Hn bng

ng knh
ln nht

1
Hnh 6/6.1 20 Mu th ko: 1
Mu th va p: 3
Hn bng 1
Hn theo
chiu
ngang

1
Hn ng
i ln
1
Hn ng
i xung
1
Th mi
hn gc
Hn trn

Cnh u tin:
ng knh
ln nht
Cnh th hai:
ng knh
nh nht
1
Hnh 6/6.3 20
Mu th kim tra cu
trc v m
(1)
: 3
Mu th cng
(1)
: 3
Mu th t: 2
Th
(2)
Hydro
Hn bng 4 4
(3)
12 Mu th Hydro: 1
Ch thch:
(1) Cc mu th dng th cu trc v m v th cng c coi l nh nhau;
(2) Ch tin hnh i vi que hn c hm lng Hydro thp;
(3) Kch thc ca vt th c quy nh mc 6.2.5-3.
6.2.5 Th t hn vt th
1 Vt th kim loi p (Hnh 6/6.1)
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn bng phng php hn mt lp hoc nhiu lp theo iu
kin thc t bnh thng v hng mi lp hn phi c thay i v xut pht t
mp tm kim loi lm vt th, chiu dy kim loi hn ca mi lp hn khng c nh
hn 2,0 mm nhng khng ln hn 4,0 mm.
(2) Sau khi hn xong mi lp, vt th phi trong khng kh yn tnh cho n khi n
ngui n nhit di 250
o
C nhng khng thp hn 100
o
C, nhit vt th c
o ti tm b mt ca ng hn.
2 Vt th mi hn gip mp (Hnh 6/6.2)
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn mi t th hn do nh ch to que hn khuyn ngh (hn
bng, hn ngang, hn ng theo chiu i ln, hn ng theo chiu i xung v hn trn).
(2) Sau khi hn xong mi lp, vt th phi c trong khng kh yn tnh cho n khi
nhit ca n xung di 250
o
C nhng khng di 100
o
C, nhit c o ti
tm b mt ng hn.
(3) Trong mi trng hp, tr khi hn mt mt, cc lp hn bt mt sau phi c hn
bng que hn c ng knh 4 mm v hn t th tng ng vi t th hn mt
trc sau khi di chn ng hn n tn kim loi sch (loi b ht tp cht,
khuyt tt v.v... chn mi hn). i vi que hn ch dng cho hn bng, cc vt th
c th c lt ngc li hn lp bt mt sau.
(4) i vi vt th mi hn mt mt, tt c vic hn u phi c thc hin ch mt
mt v phi m bo khng c khuyt tt mt sau ca mi hn. Hn na khe h
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
57
chn mi hn gia hai tm thp c hn phi c gi tr ln nht trong phm vi nh
ch to que hn quy nh.
3 Vt th hm lng Hydro
Vt th v quy trnh hn vt th th hm lng Hydro s c ng kim trc tip quy
nh cho tng trng hp c th.
Bng 6/6.4 Cp thp dng lm vt th
Loi que hn Cp thp dng lm vt th
(1)(2)

MW1 A
MW2 A, B hoc E
MW3 A, B, D hoc E
MW51 A32 hoc A36
MW52 A32, A36, D32 hoc D36
MW53 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32 hoc E36
MW54 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32, E36,F32 hoc F36
MW52Y40 A40 hoc D40
MW53Y40 A40, D40 hoc E40
MW54Y40 A40, D40, E40 hoc F40
MWL1 A47, D47, E47 hoc F47
MWL2 E hoc L24A
MWL3 E, L24A, L24B, L27 hoc L33
MWL91 L9N53 hoc L9N60
MWL92 L9N53 hoc L9N60
Ch thch:
(1) Thp thng hoc thp c bn cao c th dng lm vt th th kim loi mi hn
mc d nhng yu cu ca Bng 6/6.4. Trong trng hp , khi hn vt th que hn
loi MWL91 v MWL92 phi tin hnh hn p tng lp mng mt cch thch hp.
(2) bn ko ca thp c bn cao loi A32, D32, E32 v F32 dng lm vt th mi
hn gip mp phi ln hn 490 N/mm
2
.

4 Vt th mi hn gc (Hnh 6/6.3)
(1) Vt th phi c hn mi t th hn c nh ch to que hn khuyn ngh
(hn bng, hn ngang, hn ng theo chiu i ln, hn ng theo chiu i xung
v hn trn).
(2) ng hn gc u tin phi c hn bng que hn c ng knh ln nht cn
ng hn gc mt i din phi c hn bng que hn c ng knh nh nht
trong cc c ng knh que hn c sn xut.
(3) Trng hp mi hn gc c hn bng phng php trng lc hoc phng php
hn tip xc tng t th khi hn phi dng loi que hn c chiu di ln nht.
(4) Thng thng kch thc mi hn gc do c ng knh que hn v dng in hn
quyt nh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
58
5 Khng c dng bt k mt bin php nhit luyn no i vt th sau khi hn.
6 Cc vt th c th c kim tra bng phng php chp phim mi hn trc khi ct ly
mu th.

Hnh 6/6.1 Vt th kim loi p (n v: mm)
6.2.6 Th ko kim loi p
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U1A c a ra Bng 6/3.1 v phi c ct ra t mi
vt th. Khi ct ly mu th ch m bo c rng ng tm dc ca mu th
phi trng vi ng tm ca mi hn v i qua im gia chiu dy tm kim loi vt th.
2 Mu th ko c th c t ni c nhit khng qu 250
o
C trong thi gian khng
qu 16 gi kh Hydro trc khi tin hnh th.
3 bn ko, gii hn chy v dn di tng i ca mi mu th phi tha mn yu
cu Bng 6/6.5 tng ng vi tng loi que hn c th. Trng hp bn ko ca
mu th t gi tr ln hn gi tr Bng 6/6.5 th ng kim s xem xt mt cch c bit
cng nhn que hn c th da trn cc c tnh c hc khc nhn c t cc kt
qu th v thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi mi hn.
6.2.7 Th va p kim loi p
1 Mu th va p kim loi p phi l loi U4 c a ra Bng 7A/2.5 ca Chng 2
Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny v gm mt b 3 mu c ct ra t mi vt th kim loi p.
Mu th phi c ct sao cho tm dc ca n vung gc vi ng hn v n nm
gia chiu dy tm kim loi vt th nh ch ra Hnh 6/6.4.
Mu th dai va p
c vt khc hnh ch V
Mu th
ko
ng tm
Mi hn
10 10
>16
30 >100 >100
55

1
0

1
0

2
0

1
0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
59
2 Vt khc ch V phi c khc mt mu th ti tm ca mi hn v vung gc vi b
mt tm.

Hnh 6/6.2 Vt th mi hn gip mp (n v: mm)

(a) Cc que hn tr que hn (b)

(b) Que hn loi MW91 hoc MWL92

Mu th va p c vt
Khc hnh ch V
30 30
<3
1
5
~
2
0

>200
Mu th ko
Mu th va p c vt
Khc hnh ch V
Mu th un
chn mi hn
theo chiu dc
ng hn
Mu th un mt mi
hn theo chiu dc
ng hn

2
0
0

5
0

2
0
0

55
Mu th un
chn mi hn

Mu th un
mt mi hn
Mu th ko
5
0

3
0

3
0

>100 >100
<3
30
30
1
5
~
2
0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
60

Hnh 6/6.3 Vt th mi hn gc (n v: mm)
(Chiu di vt th L phi hn ht chiu di ton b ca que hn c th)
Bng 6/6.5 Yu cu th ko kim loi p
Loi que
hn
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy (nh nht)
(N/mm
2
)
dn di tng i (nh nht)
(%)
MW1
MW2
MW3

400 ~560

305
MW51
MW52
MW53
MW54

490 ~660

375
MW52Y40
MW53Y40
MW54Y40

510 ~690

400
MWL1 400 ~560 305
MWL2 440 ~610 345

22
MWL3 490 ~660 375 21
MWL91 >590 375
(1)
25
MWL92 >660 410
(1)

Ch thch:
(1) 0,2% gii hn chy quy c.

3 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
c a ra Bng 6/6.6 tng ng vi tng loi que hn.
4 Khi nng lng hp th ca t hai mu th tr ln nm trong mt b mu th c gi tr
thp hn nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu yu cu hoc nng lng hp th ca
bt k mt mu th no thp hn 70% gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo
yu cu th cuc th khng t yu cu.

Khong 1/2L Khong 1/2L
Khong 50 Khong 50
Khong 150
20 25 25 25
L
Mu th
t
Mu th kim tra cu
trc v m v th
cng
Mu th
t
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
61

Hnh 6/6.4 V tr ca mu th va p
(n v: mm, t: chiu dy tm kim loi c th)
6.2.8 Th ko mi hn gip mp
1 Mu th ko mi hn gip mp phi l loi U2A hoc U2B c a ra Bng 6/3.1 v
phi c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 bn ko ca mu th ko phi tha mn cc yu cu a ra Bng 6/6.7.
6.2.9 Th un mi hn gip mp
1 Cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi UB-6 c a ra Bng 6/3.2 v
phi c ct ra t mi vt th. Tuy nhin i vi loi que hn c k hiu MWL91 v
MWL92, cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi B-7 c a ra Bng
6/3.2 v cc mu th phi c ct dc theo ng hn t mi vt th.
Bng 6/6.6 Nhng yu cu v th va p i vi kim loi p
Loi que hn Nhit th (
o
C) Nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu (J)
MW1 20
MW2 0
MW3 -20
MW52 0
MW53 -20 47
MW54 -40
MW52Y40 0
MW53Y40 -20
MW54Y40 -40
MWL1 -40
MWL2 -60 34
MWL3 -60
MWL91 -196 27
MWL92 -196
2 Cc mu th phi c kh nng chu c th un mt gc 120
o
vi chy p c bn knh
bng 1,5 ln chiu dy mu th m khng c vt nt di qu 3,0 mm b mt ngoi cng
nh cc khuyt tt khc. i vi que hn c k hiu MWL91 v MWL92, bn knh chy p
phi bng 2,0 ln chiu dy mu th v gc un l 180
o
.

55
t
/
2

t
/
2

1
5
~
2
0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
62
Bng 6/6.7 Nhng yu cu th ko i vi mi hn gip mp
Loi que hn Gii hn bn ko (ti thiu) (N/mm
2
)
MW1, MW2, MW3 400
MW52, MW53, MW54 490
MW52Y40, MW53Y40, MW54Y40 510
MWL1 400
MWL2 440
MWL3 490
MWL91 630
MWL92 670
6.2.10 Th dai va p mi hn gip mp
1 Cc mu th va p mi hn gip mp phi l loi U4 c a ra Bng 7A/2. Chng
2 Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny gm mt b ba mu c ct ra t mi vt th. Mu th
phi c ct sao cho trc dc ca n vung gc vi chiu di ng hn v tm ca n
phi trng vi tm chiu dy ca tm kim loi lm vt th.
c a ra Bng 6/6.8 tng ng vi tng loi que hn.
3 Cc yu cu c a ra mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 cng phi c p dng cho mc
6.2.10 ny.
Bng 6/6.8 Cc yu cu th dai va p i vi mi hn gip mp
Nng lng hp th trung bnh (ti thiu) (J ) Loi que hn Nhit th
Hn bng, hn ngang,
hn trn
Hn ng i ln,
hn ng i xung
MW1 20
MW2 0
MW3 -20 34
MW52 0
MW53 -20
MW54 -40 47
MW52Y40 0
MW53Y40 -20 41
MW54Y40 -40
MWL1 -40
MWL2 -60
MWL3 -60 27 27
MWL91 -196
MWL92 -196
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
63
6.2.11 Kim tra hm lng Hydro
1 Vic kim tra hm lng Hydro phi c tin hnh bng phng php glyxrin, phng
php thy ngn, phng php ghi sc kh, hoc cc phng php khc c ng kim
chp nhn.
2 Gi tr trung bnh ca hm lng Hydro phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra Bng 6/6.9
theo tng phng php kim tra quy nh -1 trn hoc cc loi hu t c b sung
cui k hiu que hn.
Bng 6/6.9 Nhng yu cu v hm lng Hydro
Yu cu v lng Hydro (cm
3
/g)
K hiu
Phng php glyxrin Phng php
thy ngn
(1)

Phng php
ghi sc kh
(1)

H15 <0,10 <0,15 <0,15
H10 <0,05 <0,10 <0,10
Ch thch:
(1) ng kim c th chn nhng gi tr trung bnh ca lng Hydro thp hn 0,1 gi tr ln
nht lm gi tr quy nh theo lut.
6.2.12 Th kim tra cu trc v m mi hn gc
1 Cc mu th kim tra cu trc v m mi hn gc c chiu rng 25 mm phi c ct ra
t vt th ti 3 v tr nh ch ra Hnh 6/6.3.
2 Vic kim tra cu trc v m c tin hnh trn mt ct ngang ca mi hn v phi khng c
cc khuyt tt nh: mi hn khng ngu, hn khng thu hoc cc khuyt tt c hi khc.

6.2.13 Th cng mi hn gc
cng ca kim loi mi hn, vng b nh hng nhit v kim loi c bn phi c o
ti cc v tr nh c ch ra Hnh 6/6.5 i vi tng mu th kim tra cu trc v m
nh quy nh mc 6.2.12. cng ca cc vng kim loi ni trn phi tha mn vi cc
yu cu ca ng kim
cng vng b nh
hng nhit
20
cng kim loi
mi hn

cng kim loi
c bn

cng kim loi c bn
2
0

Hnh 6/6.5 Th cng (n v: mm)

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
64
6.2.14 Th t mi hn gc
1 Mt trong s cc vt th cn li sau khi ct ly cc mu th kim tra cu trc v m
phi c ct b mi hn gc th nht cho mi hn gc cn li d b t khi th, sau
dng lc tc ng lm cho mi hn cn li b t nh c ch ra Hnh 6/6.6. Sau khi
mi hn gc cn li b t, tin hnh kim tra b mt mi hn b t. Tip theo ly mt vt
th cn li khc tin hnh ct b mi hn gc th hai v th t tng t nh tin
hnh.
2 Trn b mt ca tit din mi hn b t khng c c du hiu ca mi hn khng thu
hoc c khuyt tt nguy hi khc.
1 Trong cc ln kim tra hng nm vic th c quy nh mc -2 v -3 di y phi
c tin hnh i vi mi loi que hn c ng kim cng nhn v vic th
phi tha mn yu cu.
2 Cc dng th, t th hn, ng knh que hn, v.v..., trong cc ln kim tra hng nm i
vi que hn dng cho hn bng tay phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu ra Bng 6/6.10.
3 Cc dng th, t th hn, ng knh que hn v.v... trong cc ln kim tra hng nm i
vi que hn dng cho hn trng lc hoc phng php hn khc nhng dng thit b hn
tng t phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu ra Bng 6/6.11.

Hnh 6/6.6 Th t
Bng 6/6.10 Dng th trong ln kim tra hng nm
Vt th Dng th
T th
hn
ng knh que
hn (mm)
S
lng
Kch thc Chiu dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng
mu th ct ra t
mt vt th
4
(1)
1 Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng
Ln hn 4,
ti a 8
1
Hnh 6/6.1 20 Mu th ko: 1
Mu th va p: 3
Ch thch:
(1) Khi xt thy cn thit ng kim c th yu cu th mi hn gip mp t th hn bng,
hn ng (hn ng theo chiu i ln v i xung) c a ra Bng 6/6.2 6.2.4-1
thay cho th kim loi mi hn i vi que hn c ng knh 4,0 mi-li-mt. Trong trng
hp cc mu th va p mi hn (mt b ba mu th) phi c chn th.
4 Quy trnh hn v cc yu cu i vi vt th th theo quy nh mc -2 v -3 trn
phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh mc 6.2.5 n 6.2.10.

Lc tc dng
Mi hn gc th nht
Phi c ct b
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
65
6.2.16 Thay i loi que hn
1 Khi cn thay i loi que hn c ng kim cng nhn c lin quan n bn hoc
tnh do ca que hn th cc cuc th quy nh mc -2 hoc -3 di y phi c tin
hnh theo cc yu cu nu mc 6.1.3-6 v que hn c th phi t c cc kt
qu tha mn yu cu.
Vt th Dng th
T th
hn
ng knh
que hn (mm)
S
lng
Kch thc Chiu dy (mm)
Loi v s
lng mu th ct
ra t mt vt th
Th kim
loi p
Hn

bng
>4 1 Hnh 6/6.1 20 Mu th ko: 1
Mu th va p: 3
2 i vi trng hp thay i loi que hn ch lin quan n bn th vic kim tra hng
nm quy nh mc 6.2.15 v vic th mi hn gip mp nu mc 6.2.4-1 phi c
thc hin.
3 i vi trng hp thay i loi que hn ch lin quan n tnh do th vic kim tra hng
nm quy nh mc 6.2.15 v th va p mi hn gip mp quy nh mc 6.2.4-1 phi
c thc hin.
6.3 Vt liu hn dng cho hn t ng thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp lm
vic nhit thp
6.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cc vt liu hn dng cho hn t ng thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp lm vic
nhit thp c a ra t mc (1) n (3) di y (trong trng hp dy hn li
n, t sau y trong mc 6.3 c gi l vt liu hn t ng), phi c th cng
nhn v kim tra hng nm theo cc yu cu mc 6.3.
(1) Vt liu hn t ng h quang di lp thuc;
(2) Vt liu hn c kh bo v (vt liu hn t ng l dy kim loi thun nht v vt liu
c cht gy chy c kh bo v);
(3) Vt liu hn t ng khng cn kh bo v (vt liu hn t ng l dy kim loi c
cht gy chy khng cn kh bo v).
2 Vic th cng nhn v kim tra hng nm i vi vt liu hn t ng l dy hn li
kp phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh 6.1.3-3 v 6.1.5-2.
6.3.2 Loi v k hiu ca vt liu hn t ng
1 Cc vt liu hn t ng c phn cp thnh cc loi nh a ra Bng 6/6.12.
2 Cc vt liu hn c th t yu cu i vi tng phng php hn c a ra
Bng 6/6.15 s c in ni tip vo cui k hiu loi vt liu hn bng cc hu t c
a ra Bng 6/6.13.
3 Trong mc -2 trn, hu t G s c in b sung vo cui k hiu loi vt liu hn i
vi vt liu hn cn c kh bo v, cn hu t N s c in b sung cho vt liu hn t
ng khng c kh bo v. Loi kh c dng phi l loi a ra Bng 6/6.14 cng s
c in b sung vo sau hu t G (V d: AW53TMG(M1)).

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
66
6.3.3 Th cng nhn vt liu hn t ng
1 c cng nhn, cc vt liu hn t ng phi c th theo quy nh mc 6.3.4-1
i vi tng loi vt liu hn.
2 i vi vt liu hn t ng c kh bo v, vic th theo yu cu nu mc -1 trn phi
c tin hnh i vi tng loi kh bo v c a ra Bng 6/6.14. Trong trng hp
nh ch to vt liu hn khuyn ngh dng cc loi kh bo v thuc nhm M1, M2, M3
hoc C nu trong Bng 6/6.14 th vic th cng nhn vt liu hn s c tin hnh theo
mt trong hai cch sau y:
Bng 6/6.12 Loi v k hiu vt liu hn t ng
Dng cho thp thng Dng cho thp c bn cao Dng cho thp lm vic nhit
thp
AW1
AW2
AW3
AW51, AW52Y40
AW52, AW53Y40
AW53, AW54Y40
AW54
AWL1, AWL91
AWL2, AWL92
AWL3

Bng 6/6.13 K hiu k thut hn
K thut hn K hiu
K thut hn nhiu lp M
K thut hn hai lp T
K thut hn hai lp v nhiu lp TM
Ch thch:
(1) K thut hn nhiu lp l qu trnh hn phi a que hn nng chy i qua mi
hn nhiu ln.
(2) K thut hn hai lp l qu trnh hn phi a que hn nng chy i qua mi hn
mt ln c hai mt.
(1) Khi vic th cng nhn vt liu hn c tin hnh theo mc -1 trn vi mt loi kh
bo v ca mt nhm no th vic th i vi cc loi kh khc trong cng nhm
c php min.
(2) Trng hp vt liu hn t ng c th dng kt hp vi mt kh bo v bt k ca cc
nhm M1, M2 v M3 th vic th cng nhn theo mc -1 trn c php ch gii hn
mt loi bt k ca cc nhm M1, M2 hoc M3 nu c ng kim chp nhn.
6.3.4 Nhng iu khon chung cho vic th cng nhn
1 Cc dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc ca vt th, loi v s lng ca cc mu
th c ct ra t mi vt th i vi vt liu hn t ng c quy nh Bng 6/6.15.
2 Loi thp c dng lm vt th phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.16.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
67
Bng 6/6.14 Loi kh bo v
Thnh phn kh (V, %)
Nhm Loi CO
2
O
2
H
2
A
r

M1-1 1 ~5 1 ~5 Cn li
M1-2 1 ~5 Cn li
M1 M1-3 1 ~3 Cn li
M1-4 1 ~5 1 ~3 Cn li
M2-1 6 ~25 Cn li
M2 M2-2 4 ~10 Cn li
M2-3 6 ~25 1 ~8 Cn li
M3-1 26 ~50 Cn li
M3 M3-2 11 ~15 Cn li
M3-3 6 ~50 9 ~15 Cn li
I I-1 100
C-1 100
C C-2 Cn li 1 ~30
E E-1 Khng k thnh phn trn
6.3.5 Th t hn vt th
1 Cc vt th kim loi mi hn c hn bng phng php hn nhiu lp (Hnh 6/6.7)
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn t th hn bng vi k thut hn nhiu lp trong iu
kin thc t bnh thng. im xut pht hn mi lp phi c thay i t mi mp
tm kim loi lm vt th v chiu dy ca mi lp hn khng c nh hn ng
knh dy hn hoc 4 mm ly gi tr no ln hn i vi cc vt liu hn dng cho hn
h quang t ng di thuc. i vi vt liu hn dng trong hn t ng c kh bo
v v khng c kh bo v, chiu dy mi lp hn khng c nh hn 3 mm.
n ngui xung di 250
o
o
C, nhit c o ti tm
b mt ng hn.
2 Vt th mi hn gip mp vi k thut hn nhiu lp (Hnh 6/6.8)
(1) Mt trn ca vt th phi c hn theo phng php hn nhiu lp t th hn
bng theo quy trnh hn yu cu mc -1 trn. Tuy nhin i vi vt liu hn t
ng c v khng c kh bo v, t th hn vt th phi theo quy nh ca nh ch
to vt liu hn.
(2) Sau khi hn xong mt trn, tin hnh hn bt mt di ng hn ca vt th. Khi
mt sau phi c di sch cc tp cht v khuyt tt cho n tn kim loi mi hn
trc khi hn mt sau.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
68
Bng 6/6.15 Cc dng th i vi vt liu hn t ng

Dng th
(8)

Loi vt liu hn
Vt th K
thut
hn
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy
(3)

(mm)

Loi v s mu th c
ct ra t vt th

Hn
nhiu
lp

Th kim
loi p
AW1, AWL1
AW2, AWL2
AW3, AWL3
AW51, AWL91
AW52, AWL92

1

Hnh
6/6.7

20

Mu th ko: 2
Mu th va p: 3

Th mi hn
gip mp
AW53,
AW54,
AW52Y40
AW53Y40
AW54Y40

1
(4)

Hnh
6/6.8

20 ~25
Mu th ko: 2
(4)

(4) (6)

(4) ( 6)

Mu th va p: 3
AW1

1 12 ~15
Mu th ko: 2
AW51 1 20 ~25 Mu th ko dc mi hn: 1
(5)

1

20 ~25

Hn h
quang
di
lp
thuc
AW2, AW52Y40
AW3, AW53Y40
AW52, AW54Y40
AW53
AW54

1

30 ~ 35
Mu th un mt mi hn : 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
12 ~15
(1)
Hn
hai
lp
AW1, AW2
AW3
AW51, AW52

1
Hnh
6/6.9
20
(2)

Mu th ko: 2
Mu th ko dc mi hn: 1
(5)

20 ~25
(1)

Th
mi
hn
gip
mp
Hn h
quang
c v
khng
c kh
bo v
AW53, AW54
AW52Y40
AW53Y40
AW54Y40

1

30 ~35
(2)

Mu th va p: 3

3 Vt th mi hn gip mp vi k thut hn hai lp (Hnh 6/6.9)
(1) ng knh ln nht ca dy hn v vic chun b mp hn phi ph hp vi Hnh
6/6.10 nhng c th cho php sai khc no nu c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) Vt th phi c hn theo iu kin thc t t th hn ng i xung bng k
thut hn hai lp. Mi lp hn phi c bt u ln lt t mi mp tm kim loi
lm vt th.
(3) Sau khi hn xong lp th nht, vt th phi c trong khng kh yn tnh cho
n khi n ngui n 100
o
C hoc thp hn, nhit o c tm b mt ng
hn.
4 Sau khi hn xong khng c php tin hnh bt c mt bin php nhit luyn no i vi
vt th.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
69
5 Vt th sau khi hn xong c th tin hnh kim tra bng phng php chp phim mi hn
trc khi ct ly mu th.
Bng 6/6.15 Cc dng th i vi vt liu hn t ng (tip theo)

Dng th
(8)

Loi vt liu hn
Vt th K
thut
hn
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy
(3)

(mm)

Loi v s mu th c
ct ra t vt th

AWL1
AWL2

1

12 ~15

Mu th ko: 2
(5)

Hn
hai
lp

Th mi
hn gip
mp
AWL3
AWL91
AWL92

1

Hnh
6/6.9
20 ~25 Mu th un mt mi hn: 1
Mu th va p: 3

Th kim
loi p
AW1, AWL1
AW2, AWL2
AW3, AWL3
AW51, AWL91
AW52, AWL92

(7)

Hn
hai
lp v
nhiu
lp

Th mi
hn gip
mp
AW53
AW54
AW52Y40
AW53Y40
AW54Y40

Ch thch:
(1) Chiu dy vt th khi chiu dy tm kim loi ln nht c p dng trong thc t khng
ln hn 25 mm.
(2) Chiu dy ca vt th trong trng hp chiu dy ln nht ca tm kim loi c p dng
ln hn 25 mm.
(3) Trng hp chiu dy b hn ch do phng php hn, th chiu dy ca vt th c th
c thay i theo s ng ca ng kim. Trong trng hp chiu dy th ln nht
c ly lm chiu dy ln nht c p dng trong thc t.
(4) S lng vt th mi hn gip mp vi k thut hn nhiu lp c kh bo v v khng c
kh bo v phi l mt cho mi t th hn. Tuy nhin khi c t hai t th hn tr ln th s
mu th ko v s mu th un c ct ra t cc vt th i vi mi t th hn c th
bng 1/2 s lng quy nh.
(5) Cc mu th phi c ct ra t vt th c chiu dy ln hn trong s hai vt th.
(6) S lng mu th un mt v un chn mi hn c ct ra t cc vt th mi hn gip
mp vi loi vt liu hn c k hiu AWL91 v AWL92 phi l mt mu cho mi vt th.
(7) Vic th i vi vt liu hn dng cho c hai phng php hn nhiu lp v hai lp phi
c tin hnh cho tng phng php hn tng ng theo tng loi vt liu hn, ng
thi s lng, kch thc v chiu dy ca vt th cng phi ph hp vi tng loi vt liu
hn. S lng cc mu th c ct ra t mi vt th cng phi ph hp vi tng
phng php hn. Tuy nhin s lng mu th ko trong th kim loi mi hn gip mp
c hn theo k thut hn nhiu lp phi l mt mu.
(8) Vic th Hydro c th c p dng nu nh ch to yu cu.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
70
6.3.6 Th ko kim loi p theo k thut hn nhiu lp
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U1A c a ra Bng 6/3.1 v mi vt th phi ly ra hai
mu th. Khi ct ly mu th phi ch m bo c rng ng tm dc ca mu
th phi trng vi ng tm ca mi hn v gia chiu dy ca tm kim loi vt th.
2 Gii hn bn ko, gii hn chy v dn di tng i ca kim loi p nhn c
trong khi th phi tha mn cc yu cu c quy nh Bng 6/6.17 cho tng loi vt
liu hn tng ng. Tuy nhin cc loi vt liu hn c bn ko nhn c khi th ln
hn gii hn trn c yu cu Bng 6/6.17 c th coi l th t yu cu sau khi xem
xt c th cc tnh cht c hc khc ca kim loi mi hn cng nh thnh phn ha hc
ca n.
3 Cc yu cu nu mc 6.2.6-2 trn cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.3.6 ny.
Bng 6/6.16 Cp thp lm vt th
Loi vt liu hn Cp thp dng lm vt th (1) (2)
AW1 A
AW2 A, B hoc D
AW3 A, KB, D hoc E
AW51 A32, A36
AW52 A32, A36, D32 hoc D36
AW53 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32 hoc E36
AW54 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32, E36, F32 hoc F36
AW52Y40 A40 hoc D40
AW53Y40 A40, D40, hoc E40
AW54Y40 A40, D40, E40 hoc F40
AWL1 E hoc L24A
AWL2 E, L24A, L24B, L27 hoc L33
AWL3 L27, L33 hoc L37
AWL91 L9N53 hoc L9N60
Ch thch:
(1) Mc d nhng yu cu ca Bng ny, thp thng hoc thp c bn cao u c th
dng lm vt th kim loi mi hn. Trong trng hp , vt th i vi vt liu hn c k
hiu AWL91 v AWL92 phi tin hnh hn p tng lp mng mt cch thch hp.
(2) bn ko ca thp c bn cao loi: A32, D32, E32 v F32 dng lm vt th mi hn
gip mp phi ln hn 490 N/mm
2
.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
71

Hnh 6/6.7 Vt th kim loi p vi k thut hn nhiu lp (n v: mm)

(a) i vi loi vt liu khc vi (b) (b) i vi loi AWL91 hoc AWL92
Hnh 6/6.8 Vt th mi hn gip mp vi k thut hn nhiu lp (n v: mm)
ng tm mi hn
Mu th ko
Mu th un mt
Mu th un chn

Mu th va
p c vt
khc dng
ch V

60
>150 >150
Mu th un
mt mi hn
theo chiu dc

>
200
<
3
60
Mu th un chn
Mu th un mt
Mu th ko
5
0

3
0

3
0

5
0

3
0

3
0

2
0
~
2
5

>
4

ng tm mi hn
>
2
0
0

Mu th ko
5
0

Mu th va p
c vt khc dng
ch V
Mu th ko
5
0

Mu th un
mt mi hn
theo chiu dc
>
2
0
0

2
0
~
2
5

20
Mu th ko
Mu th ko
Mu th va p
c vt khc
ch V
ng tm mi hn
1
6

200
10 10
12
1
0
o

1
0
o

5
0

2
0
0

20
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
72

Hnh 6/6.9 Vt th mi hn gip mp vi k thut hn hai lp
(n v: mm, t: chiu dy tm kim loi)

> 150 > 150
Mu th ko
Mu th un
mt
Mu th un
chn

Mu th va p
c vt khc dng
ch V
Mu th ko
dc ng
hn
Mu th
ko theo
chiu
dc
Mu th
un mt
mi hn
theo
chiu dc
ng tm mi hn
(a) i vi kim loi vt liu khc vi (b)

(b) i vi loi AWL91 hoc AWL92
> 200
5
0

3
0

5
0

3
0

Mu th ko
t

>

2
0
0

>

2
0
0

Mu th
ko
5
0

Mu th
ko
Mu th
un mt
mi hn
theo
chiu dc
5
0

t

Mu th va p
c vt khc dng
ch V
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
73
(a) Vt liu hn h quang di thuc

Chiu dy vt th Chun b mp hn ng knh ln nht
ca dy hn

12 ~15

5

20 ~25

6

30 ~35

7
Ch thch:
Khe h chn mp hn khng c ln hn 1,0 mm.
(b) Vt liu hn c kh bo v v khng c kh bo v

Chiu dy vt th Chun b mp hn ng knh ln nht
ca dy hn

12~15

20~25

ng knh ln nht
ca dy hn phi c
nh ch to vt liu hn
cho trc

Ch thch:
i vi vt th dng thp tm c chiu dy ln hn 25 mm, vic chun b mp hn
phi c nh ch to vt liu hn quy nh c th.
Hnh 6/6.10 Vic chun b mp hn cho cc vt th mi hn gip mp vi k thut
hn hai lp (n v: mm, t: chiu dy tm kim loi)
t

8~12
60
t

6~14
70
70
t

60
t

6

60
60

t

8

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
74
6.3.7 Th va p kim loi p c hn bng k thut hn nhiu lp
1 Cc mu th va p phi l loi U4 a ra Bng 7A/2.5 Chng 2 Phn 7A ca Quy
chun ny v l mt b ba mu c ct ra t mi vt th, chiu dc ca mu th phi
vung gc vi ng hn v tm ca mu th phi trng vi v tr 1/2 chiu dy ca tm
kim loi vt th a ra Hnh 6/6.4 ca mc 6.2.7.
2 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi tha mn cc yu cu ca
Bng 6/6.18 theo tng loi vt liu hn tng ng.
3 Cc yu cu nu mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 trn cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.3.7
ny.
Bng 6/6.17 Nhng yu cu th ko i vi kim loi p
Loi
vt liu hn
Gii hn
bn ko (N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy nh nht
(N/mm
2
)
dn di tng i
nh nht (%)
AW1
AW2
AW3

400~560

305

AW51
AW52
AW53
AW54

490~660

375

22
AW52Y40
AW53Y40
AW54Y40

510~690

400

AWL1 400~560 305
AWL2 440~610 345
AWL3 490~660 375 21
AWL91 > 590 375
(1)

AWL92 > 660 410
(1)
25
Ch thch:
(1) 0,2 % gii hn chy quy c.
6.3.8 Th ko mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn nhiu lp
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U2A hoc U2B a ra Bng 6/3.1 v hai mu th phi
c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 bn ko nhn c trong qu trnh th phi tha mn yu cu ca Bng 6/6.19 theo
tng loi vt liu hn t ng tng ng.
6.3.9 Th un mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn nhiu lp
1 Cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn nhiu
lp phi l loi UB-6 a ra Bng 6/3.2 v hai mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt
th. i vi vt liu hn t ng c k hiu AWL91 hoc AWL92, mu th un mt v un
chn mi hn phi l loi B-7 a ra Bng 6/3.2 v cc mu th phi c ct dc
theo ng hn t mi vt th.
2 Cc mu th un phi c un pha mt mi hn v un pha chn mi hn bng mt
chy p c bn knh bng 1,5 ln chiu dy tm kim loi lm vt th v vi gc un ln
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
75
hn 120
o
, trn b mt ngoi ti ch b un ca mu th khng c xut hin cc vt nt
di qu 3,0 mm hoc bt k mt khuyt tt no khc. i vi vt liu hn t ng c k
hiu AWL92, bn knh trong ca phn mu th b un phi bng 2,0 ln chiu dy tm kim
loi vt th v gc un tng ng phi l 180
o

.
Bng 6/6.18 Nhng yu cu th va p i vi kim loi p
Loi vt liu hn Nhit th (
o
C) Nng lng hp th trung bnh (nh nht)
(J )
AW1 20
AW2 0
AW3 -20
AW51 20 34
AW52 0
AW53 -20
AW54 -40
AW52Y40 0
A53Y40 -20 41
AW54Y40 -40
AWL1 -40
AWL2 -60
AWL3 -60 27
AWL91 -196
AWL92 -196
6.3.10 Th va p mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn nhiu lp
chun ny v gm mt b ba mu c ct ra t mi vt th, chiu dc ca mu th phi
vung gc vi ng hn v ng tm ca mu th phi trng vi v tr 1/2 chiu dy
ca vt th nh ch ra Hnh 6/6.4 ca mc 6.2.7.
2 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu
ca Bng 6/6.18 theo tng loi vt liu hn t ng tng ng.
3 Nhng yu cu mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.3.10 ny.
6.3.11 Th ko mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn hai lp
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U2A hoc U2B a ra Bng 6/3.1 v hai mu th phi
c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 bn ko nhn c khi th phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Bng 6/6.19 theo tng
loi vt liu hn tng ng.
3 Trng hp vt liu hn t ng ch dng cho k thut hn hai lp th mt mu th ko
theo chiu dc ng hn loi U1A a ra Bng 6/3.1 phi c ct ra v gia cng
bng my t vt th c chiu dy ln hn sao cho ng dc tm ca mu th phi trng
vi tm ca mi hn v cch b mt tm kim loi vt th pha hn lp th hai l 7,0 mm.
4 Mu th quy nh mc -3 trn c th c ni c nhit khng qu 250
o
C
trong thi gian khng qu 16 gi kh Hydro trc khi th.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
76
5 Nhng yu cu i vi th ko nu mc -3 v -4 c quy nh Bng 6/6.17 theo tng
loi vt liu hn tng ng. Trng hp gii hn trn ca bn ko vt qu gi tr tiu
chun th ng kim s c nhng xem xt c bit cng nhn vt liu hn da trn
nhng tnh cht c hc khc nhn c t kt qu th v cc thnh phn ha hc ca kim
loi mi hn.
Bng 6/6.19 Nhng yu cu th ko i vi mi hn gip mp
Loi vt liu hn Gii hn bn ko nh nht (N/mm
2
)
AW1, AW2, AW3 400
AW51, AW52, AW53, AW54 490
AW52Y40, AW53Y40, AW54Y40 510
AWL1 400
AWL2 440
AWL3 490
AWL91 630
AWL92 670
6.3.12 Th un mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn hai lp
1 Cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi UB-6 a ra Bng 6/3.2 v
cc mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt th. i vi vt liu hn t ng c k hiu
AWL91hoc AWL92, cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi B-7 v cc
mu th phi c ct dc theo ng hn t mi vt th.
2 Cc yu cu a ra mc 6.3.9-2 cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.3.12 ny.

Hnh 6/6.11 V tr ca mu th va p mi hn gip mp c hn
bng k thut hn hai lp
6.3.13 Th dai va p mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn hai lp
1 Cc mu th dai va p phi l loi U4 c a ra Bng 7A/2.5 v gm mt b
ba mu c ct ra t mi vt th sao cho chiu dc ca mu th phi vung gc vi
ng hn v ng tm ca mu th phi trng vi v tr nm cch b mt tm kim loi
vt th pha hn lp th hai khong 7 mm nh ch ra Hnh 6/6.11.
2 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi tha mn cc yu cu ca
Bng 6/6.18 theo tng loi vt liu hn t ng tng ng.
3 Nhng yu cu mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.3.13 ny.
Vic kim tra hm lng Hydro phi tun theo cc cc yu cu quy nh trong 6.2.11.
ng tm mi hn Lp th hai
7

t

1
0

2

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
77
1 Trong cc ln kim tra hng nm, vic th theo quy nh mc -2 di y phi c tin
hnh vi tng loi vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn, v cc vt liu hn phi
tha mn cc yu cu tng ng.
2 Cc dng th, s lng vt th, s lng mu th v.v..., trong mi ln kim tra hng nm
phi ph hp vi cc yu cu c a ra Bng 6/6.20.
3 Quy trnh hn v cc yu cu i vi cc vt th c quy nh mc -2 trn phi tha
mn cc quy nh cc mc t 6.3.5 n 6.3.13.
Bng 6/6.20 Cc dng th khi kim tra hng nm
Vt th Loi vt
liu hn
K thut
hn
Dng th
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy (mm)
Loi v s mu th
c ct ra t vt th

AW1
Hn
nhiu
lp
Th kim loi p 1 Hnh
6/6.7
20 Mu th ko: 2
Mu th dai va p: 3
AW2
AW3
AW51
AW52
AW53

Hn h
quang di
thuc

1

20
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th ko dc ng hn: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3

Hn
hai
lp

Th mi
hn gip
mp
Hn c kh
bo v v
khng c
kh bo v

1

Hnh
6/6.9

20 ~25
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th ko dc ng hn: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
Th kim loi p 1 Hnh
6/6.7
20 Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
Hn h
quang di
thuc

1

20
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
AW54
AW52Y40
AW53Y40
AW54Y40
AWL1
AWL2
AWL3
AWL91
AWL92

Hn
nhiu
lp v
hn hai
lp

Th mi
hn gip
mp(1)
Hn h
quang c
kh bo v
v khng c
kh bo v

1

Hnh
6/6.9

20 ~ 25
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
Ch thch:
(1) Vic th mi hn gip mp vi k thut hn nhiu lp v hai lp phi c tin hnh theo
phng php hn hai lp.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
78
6.3.16 Thay i loi vt liu hn t ng
1 Trng hp cn phi thay i loi vt liu hn t ng lin quan n bn v tnh do
ca vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn th vic th theo quy nh mc -2, -3
hoc -4 di y phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu c a ra mc 6.1.3-6 v
vt liu hn phi t c kt qu th tha mn.
2 Vic thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n bn v tnh do ca vt liu hn dng cho
hn t ng nhiu lp phi theo yu cu ca mc (1) v (2) di y.
(1) i vi vic thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n bn, vic th mi hn gip mp
c quy nh trong ln kim tra hng nm nu ra mc 6.3.15 v cc yu cu ca
mc 6.3.4-1 phi c thc hin.
(2) i vi vic thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n tnh do, vic th va p mi hn
gip mp c quy nh trong ln kim tra hng nm c nu ra mc 6.3.15 v
c quy nh cc yu cu ca mc 6.3.4-1 phi c thc hin.
3 Vic thay i loi vt liu hn c lin quan n bn v tnh do ca vt liu hn t ng
dng cho hn hai lp phi theo cc yu cu ca mc (1) v (2) di y.
(1) i vi vic thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n bn, tt c vic th quy nh
mc 6.3.4-1 phi c thc hin.
(2) i vi vic thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n tnh do. Vic th va p mi hn
gip mp quy nh trong ln kim tra hng nm ca mc 6.3.15 v Bng 6/6.15 ca
mc 6.3.4-1 i vi vt th c chiu dy ln nht phi c thc hin.
4 Vic thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n bn hoc tnh do ca vt liu hn dng
cho c hn nhiu lp v hai lp phi theo quy nh mc -2 hoc -3 trn.
6.4 Vt liu hn dng cho hn bn t ng thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp
lm vic nhit thp
6.4.1 Phm vi p dng
Dy hn dng cho hn bn t ng thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp lm vic
nhit thp (t y v sau gi l vt liu hn bn t ng) phi c th cng nhn
v kim tra hng nm theo cc yu cu mc 6.4.
6.4.2 Loi v k hiu vt liu hn bn t ng
1 Vt liu hn bn t ng c phn thnh cc loi nh c a ra Bng 6/6.21.
2 Hu t G s c in b sung vo k hiu vt liu hn bn t ng s dng khi hn c
kh bo v v hu t N s c in b sung vo k hiu loi vt liu hn bn t ng s
dng khi hn khng c kh bo v. Loi kh bo v c dng khi hn phi l loi c
quy nh Bng 6/6.14 ca mc 6.3.2-3 v hu t ch nhm kh c a ra Bng
6/6.14 cng s c b sung vo sau hu t G (v d: SW53G(M1)).
Bng 6/6.21 K hiu v loi vt liu hn bn t ng
Dng cho thp thng Dng cho thp c bn cao Dng cho thp lm vic nhit
thp
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW51, SW52Y40
SW52, SW53Y40
SW53, SW54Y40
SW54
SWL1, SWL91
SWL2, SWL92
SWL3

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
79
6.4.3 Th cng nhn vt liu hn bn t ng
1 cng nhn vt liu hn bn t ng, vic th theo quy nh 6.4.4-1 phi c thc
hin vi tng vt liu hn bn t ng.
2 i vi vt liu hn bn t ng dng trong hn c kh bo v, vic th theo quy nh
mc -1 ni trn phi c tin hnh i vi tng loi kh bo v c a ra Bng
6/6.14. Mc d vy khi nh ch to vt liu hn bn t ng khuyn ngh dng kh bo v
thuc nhm M1, M2, M3 hoc C Bng 6/6.14 th vic th cng nhn vt liu hn phi
c tin hnh theo mt trong hai quy trnh sau:
(1) Khi vic th cng nhn mc -1 ni trn c tin hnh vi mt loi kh ca mt
nhm no th vic th vi kh khc ca nhm c min.
(2) Trng hp vt liu hn c quy nh c th dng cho loi bt k ca cc nhm
M1, M2 hoc M3 th vic th cng nhn vt liu hn theo quy nh mc -1 ni trn
c php ch gii hn mt loi kh bt k ca nhm M1, M2 hoc M3 theo s chp
thun ca ng kim.
6.4.4 Nhng iu khon chung i vi vic th
1 Cc dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc vt th, ng knh dy hn, loi v s
lng cc mu th c ct ra t mi vt th v cc t th hn i vi vt liu hn bn t
ng dng cho mi hn gip mp hoc dng cho c mi hn gip mp v mi hn gc
phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.22.
2 Nhng yu cu mc 6.2.4-2 cng phi c p dng cho vt liu hn bn t ng dng
cho mi hn gc.
3 Thp tm dng lm vt th phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.23 tng ng vi tng loi vt
liu hn bn t ng.
6.4.5 Trnh t hn vt th
1 Vt th kim loi mi hn (Hnh 6/6.1)
(1) Vt th phi c hn t th hn bng theo quy trnh hn do nh ch to vt liu
hn khuyn ngh v chiu dy mi lp kim loi mi hn phi nm trong phm vi t 2
mm n 6 mm.
n ngui n di 250
o
o
C, nhit c o ti tm b
mt ng hn.
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn mi t th hn theo khuyn ngh ca nh ch to
(hn bng, hn ngang, hn ng theo chiu i ln, hn ng theo chiu i xung
v hn trn).
n ngui n di 250
o
o
C, nhit c o ti tm b
mt ng hn.
3 Vt th mi hn gc (Hnh 6/6.3)
Cc vt th mi hn gc phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu mc 6.2.5-4.
4 Sau khi hn xong, cc vt th khng c qua bt k mt phng php x l nhit no.
5 Cc vt th c hn xong phi c kim tra bng phng php chp phim mi hn
trc khi tin hnh ct ly mu th.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
80
Bng 6/6.22 Cc dng th i vi vt liu hn bn t ng
Vt th
Dng
th
(6)

T th
hn
ng knh
dy hn
(mm)
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s mu th c
ct ra t mt vt th
Hn bng ng knh
ln nht
1
(1)
20

Mu th ko: 1 Th
kim loi
p ng knh
nh nht
1
(1)

Hnh
6/6.1 Mu th va p: 3
Hn bng 1
(2)

Hn
ngang
(3)

Lp th nht:
ng knh
nh nht
1 Mu th ko: 1
Hn ng
i ln
Cc lp cn li:
ng knh ln
nht
1

Hnh
6/6.2
15 ~20 Mu th un chn mi hn: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
Th
mi hn
gip
mp
Hn ng
i xung
1

Hn trn 1

Th mi
hn gc

Hn
ngang
(4)

Cnh th nht:
ng knh ln
nht
Cnh th hai:
ng knh nh
nht

1

Hnh
6/6.3

20
Mu th kim tra cu trc
v m: 3
(5)

Mu th cng: 3
(5)

Mu th t: 2
Ch thch:
(1) Trng hp ng knh li dy hn c sn xut l mt loi th s lng vt th phi
l mt.
(2) Trng hp vic th ch c tin hnh vi vt th c hn t th hn bng th mt
mu th khc c hn bng dy hn c ng knh khc phi c b sung thm.
(3) i vi vt liu hn bn t ng c th mi hn gip mp t yu cu vi t th
hn bng v hn ng i ln th vic th mi hn gip mp t th hn ngang c th
c min nu c ng kim chp thun.
(4) Vic th ny phi c b sung i vi vt liu hn dng cho c mi hn gip mp v mi
hn gc khi cc vt liu hn c p dng ch thch (3) trn.
(5) Cc mu th kim tra th cu trc v m c khc axt v th cng phi nh
nhau.
(6) Vic th hydr c th c tin hnh theo yu cu ca nh ch to vt liu hn.
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U1A a ra Bng 6/3.1 v mt mu th phi c ct
ra t mi vt th. Khi ct ly mu th phi ch m bo c rng ng tm dc
ca mu th phi trng vi tm ca mi hn v gia chiu dy ca tm thp lm vt th.
2 bn ko, ng sut chy v dn di tng i ca mi mu th phi tha mn cc
yu cu ca Bng 6/6.24 tng ng vi tng loi vt liu hn bn t ng. Trng hp
bn ko vt qu gii hn trn theo quy nh th ng kim s xem xt mt cch c
bit cng nhn vt liu hn da trn cc tnh cht c hc khc nhn c khi th v
cc thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi mi hn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
81
3 Cc yu cu ca mc 6.2.6-2 trn cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.4.6 ny.
6.4.7 Th dai va p kim loi p
1 Cc mu th kim loi mi hn phi l loi U4 c a ra Bng 7A/2.5 Chng 2
Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny v gm mt b ba mu c ct ra t mi vt th kim loi
mi hn. Mu th phi c ct sao cho trc dc ca n vung gc vi ng hn v tm
ca mu th phi trng vi gia chiu dy tm thp vt th.
c a ra Bng 6/6.25 tng ng vi tng loi vt liu hn.
3 Nhng yu cu mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 trn cng phi c p dng cho mc 6.4.7
ny.
Loi vt liu hn Cp thp dng lm vt th
(1) (2)

SW1 A
SW2 A, B hoc D
SW3 A, B, D hoc E
SW51 A32 hoc A36
SW52 A32, A36, D32 hoc D36
SW53 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32 hoc E36
SW54 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32, E36, F32 hoc F36
SW52Y40 A40 hoc D40
SW53Y40 A40, D40 hoc E40
SW54Y40 A40, D40, E40 hoc F40
SWL1 E hoc L24A
SWL2 E, L24A, L24B, L27 hoc L33
SWL3 L27, L33 hoc L37
SWL91 L9N53 hoc L9N60
SWL92 L9N53 hoc L9N60
Ch thch:
(1) Mc d cc yu cu Bng ny, thp thng hoc thp c bn cao c th c dng
lm vt th kim loi mi hn. Trong trng hp , khi hn vt th bng dy hn loi
SWL91 v SWL92 phi tin hnh hn p tng lp mng mt cch thch hp.
(2) bn ko ca thp c bn cao c k hiu A32, D32, E32 v F32 c dng lm vt
th mi hn gip mp phi bng hoc ln hn 490 N/mm
2
.
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U2A hoc U2B a ra Bng 6/3.2 v gm mt mu
c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 bn ko ca mi mu th phi tha mn nhng yu cu c a ra Bng 6/6.26.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
82
1 Cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi UB-6 a ra Bng 6/3.2 v
mt mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt th. Tuy nhin i vi loi vt liu hn c k hiu
SWL91 v SWL92, cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi B-7 v mt mu
phi c ct dc theo ng hn t mi vt th.
2 Cc mu phi c kh nng chu un mt gc 120
o
bao quanh mt chy p c bn knh
bng 1,5 ln chiu dy ca nu th m khng c vt nt di qu 3 mm hoc cc khuyt tt
khc trn b mt pha ngoi ca mu th. i vi vt liu hn c k hiu SWL91 v
SWL92, bn knh ca chy p v gc un tng ng phi l hai ln chiu dy ca mu
th v 180
o
.
6.4.10 Th dai va p mi hn gip mp
chun ny v gm mt b ba mu c ct ra t mi vt th. Vt th phi c ct sao
cho trc dc ca n vung gc vi ng hn v tm ca n trng vi gia chiu dy tm
kim loi lm vt th.
2 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi tha mn cc yu cu c
a ra Bng 6/6.27 tng ng vi tng loi vt liu hn v t th hn.
3 Nhng yu cu mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 a ra trn cng phi c p dng cho
mc 6.4.10 ny.
Loi vt liu hn Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy
nh nht (N/mm
2
)
dn di tng i
(nh nht) (%)
SW1
SW2
SW3

400 ~560

305
SW51
SW52
SW53
SW54

490 ~660

375
SW52Y40
SW53Y40
SW54Y40

510 ~690

400
SWL1 400 ~560 305
SWL2 440 ~610 345

22

SWL3 490 ~660 375 21
SWL91 > 590 375
(1)

SWL92 > 660 410
(1)

25
Ch thch: (1) 0,2% gii hn chy quy c.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
83
Vic th kim tra hm lng hydro phi c tun theo cc yu cu quy nh trong 6.2.11.
6.4.12 Kim tra cu trc v m mi hn gc
Vic kim tra cu trc v m phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu nu mc 6.2.12.
Vic th cng mi hn gc phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu mc 6.2.13.
6.4.14 Th t mi hn gc
Vic th t mi hn gc phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu mc 6.2.14.
1 Trong cc ln kim tra hng nm, vic th quy nh mc -2 di y phi c thc
hin i vi tng loi vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn v nhng vic th
phi t c kt qu tha mn.
2 Cc dng th, t th hn, ng knh dy hn, s lng vt th, v.v..., trong cc ln kim
tra hng nm phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.28.
3 Quy trnh hn v cc yu cu i vi vt th theo quy nh mc -2 trn phi ph hp
vi cc yu cu nu cc mc t 6.4.5 n 6.4.10.
Bng 6/6.25 Nhng yu cu th dai va p kim loi p
Loi vt liu hn Nhit th
o
(C) Nng lng hp th trung bnh nh nht (J)
SW1 20
SW2 0
SW3 -20
SW51 20
SW52 0
SW53 -20
SW54 -40
SW52Y40 0
SW53Y40 -20
SW54Y40 -40
47
SWL1 -40
SWL2 -60
SWL3 -60
34
SWL91 -196
WL92 -196
27

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
84
Bng 6/6.26 Nhng yu cu th ko mi hn gip mp
Loi vt liu hn bn ko nh nht (N/mm
2
)
SW1, SW2, W3 400
SW51, SW52, SW53, SW54 490
SW52Y40, SW53Y40, SW54Y40 510
SWL1 400
SWL2 440
SWL3 490
SWL91 630
SWL92 670
Bng 6/6.27 Nhng yu cu th dai va p mi hn gip mp
Nng lng hp th trung bnh (min) (J )
Loi vt liu hn Nhit th
o
C Hn bng, hn ngang,
hn trn
Hn ng i ln, hn
ng i xung
SW1 20
SW2 0
SW3 -20
SW51 20 34
SW52 0
SW53 -20
SW54 -40 47
SW52Y40 0
SW53Y40 -20 41
SW54Y40 -40
SWL1 -40
SWL2 -60
SWL3 -60 27 27
SWL91 -196
SWL92 -196
6.4.16 Thay i loi vt liu hn
1 Trng hp phi thay i loi vt liu hn lin quan n bn hoc tnh do ca vt
liu hn c ng kim cng nhn th vic th quy nh mc -2 hoc -3 phi
c tin hnh theo cc yu cu nu mc 6.1.3-6 v vt liu hn phi t c
kt qu tha mn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
85
2 Khi cn phi thay i vt liu hn ch lin quan n bn th ni dung kim tra hng
nm quy nh mc 6.4.15 v vic th mi hn gip mp quy nh mc 6.4.4-1 phi
c tin hnh.
3 Khi cn phi thay i vt liu hn ch lin quan n tnh do ca n th ni dung kim tra
hng nm quy nh mc 6.4.15 v th va p mi hn gip mp quy nh mc 6.4.4-1
phi c thc hin.
6.5 Vt liu hn dng cho hn in x v hn in di kh bo v
6.5.1 Phm vi p dng
Cc vt liu hn in di kh bo v v in x dng hn thp thng v thp c
bn cao (t y v sau trong 6.5 c gi l Vt liu hn) phi c th cng nhn v
kim tra hng nm theo cc yu cu 6.5 ny.
6.5.2 Loi v k hiu vt liu hn
Vt liu hn in x v hn in di kh bo v c phn thnh cc loi nh nu ra
Bng 6/6.29.
Vt th
Dng th T th
hn
ng knh
que hn (mm)
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng mu th
ct ra t mt vt th
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng
(1) 1 Hnh 6/6.1 20 Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
Ch thch:
(1) ng knh ca dy hn phi nm trong phm vi do nh ch to quy nh.
Bng 6/6.29 Loi v k hiu vt liu hn
Dng cho thp thng Dng cho thp c bn cao
EW1
EW2
EW3
EW51, EW52Y40
EW52, EW53Y40
EW53, EW54Y40
EW54
Bng 6/6.30 Dng th i vi hn in kh v in x
Vt th Dng th
S lng Kch thc Chiu dy
(1)

(mm)
Loi v s lng mu
th ct ra t mt vt th

Th mi hn
gip mp

1

Hnh
6/6.12

20 ~25
Mu th ko: 2
Mu th un cnh mi hn: 2
1 35 ~40 Mu th dai va p: 6
Mu th kim tra cu trc v m : 2

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
86
Ch thch:
(1) Trng hp chiu dy c th s dng b gii hn do quy trnh hn th chiu dy lm vt
th c th c thay i theo s chp nhn ca ng kim. Trong trng hp , chiu
dy ln nht c th theo chiu dy b hn ch l chiu dy ln nht c p dng.

Hnh 6/6.12 Vt th mi hn gip mp (n v: mm, t: chiu dy tm kim loi)

6.5.3 Th cng nhn
cng nhn vt liu hn, vic th quy nh mc 6.5.4-1 phi c thc hin i vi
mi loi vt liu hn
6.5.4 Nhng iu khon chung i vi vt th
1 Cc dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc ca cc vt th, loi v s lng cc
mu th c ct ra t mi vt th i vi cc loi vt liu hn phi ph hp vi Bng
6/6.30.
2 Loi thp dng lm vt th phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.31.
> 250 > 250
Mu th ko dc mi hn
Mu th ko dc mi hn
Mu th ko
Mu th un mt cnh mi hn
Mu th dai va p c vt khc dng
ch V (Kim loi mi hn, cnh ng nng
chy ca mi hn 2 mm)
Mu th dai va p c vt khc dng
ch V (tm mi hn)
Mu th ko
Mu th un mt cnh mi hn
Mu th kim
tra cu trc v m
(tit din nm
ngang)
Mu th kim
tra cu trc v m
(tit din thng
ng)
t

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
87
(1) Vic chun b mp hn vt th phi theo cc khuyn ngh do nh ch to vt liu hn
a ra.
(2) Cc vt th phi c hn t th hn ng i ln i vi mi lp hn v theo iu
kin thc t do nh ch to khuyn ngh.
2 Sau khi hn xong vt th, khng c tin hnh bt k mt bin php nhit luyn no i
vi cc vt th .
3 Cc vt th c hn xong c th c kim tra bng phng php chp nh phng x
mi hn trc khi ct ly mu th.
6.5.6 Th ko
1 Hai mu th ko loi U2A hoc U2B v hai mu th ko dc mi hn loi U1A nh a
ra Bng 6/3.1 phi c ly ra t mi vt th.
2 Cc mu th ko dc mi hn c th c nhit luyn nhit khng qu 250
o
C v
trong thi gian khng qu 16 gi kh hydr trc khi tin hnh th ko.
3 bn ko ca mi mu th loi U2A hoc U2B phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu nu
Bng 6/6.32 theo tng loi vt liu hn. bn ko, ng sut chy v dn di tng
i ca mi mu th ko dc mi hn loi U1A phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu nu
Bng 6/6.33 theo tng loi vt liu hn. Trng hp bn ko vt qu gii hn trn
Bng 6/6.33 th ng kim s c s xem xt c bit cng nhn vt liu hn da trn
cc tnh cht c hc khc nhn c trong khi th v thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi mi
hn.
6.5.7 Th un
1 Hai mu un mt cnh mi hn loi UB-8 nu Bng 6/3.2 phi c ct ra t mi
vt th.
2 Cc mu th phi c kh nng chu c un mt gc 180
o
bao quanh mt chi tit un c
bn knh bng hai ln chiu dy mu th m khng b t. Cc mu th c coi l t
yu cu nu nh trong qu trnh th khng pht hin thy vt nt hoc khuyt tt khc c
chiu di ln hn 3 mm trn b mt ngoi ca mu th.
6.5.8 Th dai va p
chun ny vi s lng 6 mu c ct ra t mi vt th. Mu th phi c ct sao cho
ng tm dc ca n vung gc vi ng hn v mt trn ca mu th cch b mt
tm kim loi vt th l 2 mm nh c ch ra Hnh 6/6.13.
2 V tr ca vt khc tng ng phi theo Hnh 6/6.13(a) v 6/6.13(b) v chiu dc ca vt
khc phi vung gc vi b mt ca tm kim loi vt th.
3 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu
a ra Bng 6/6.34 theo tng loi vt liu hn tng ng.
4 Cc yu cu nu 6.2.7-4 cng phi c p dng cho 6.5.8 ny.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
88
Loi vt liu hn Cp thp dng lm vt th
EW1 A
EW2 A, B hoc D
EW3 A, B, D hoc E
EW51 A32 hoc A36
EW52 A32, A36, D32 hoc D36
EW53 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32 hoc E36
EW54 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32, E36, F32 hoc F36
EW52Y40 A40 hoc D40
EW53Y40 A40, D40 hoc E40
EW54Y40 A40, D40, E40 hoc F40
Ch thch:
(1) bn ko ca thp c bn cao c k hiu A32, D32, E32 v F32 dng lm vt th
phi ln hn 490 N/mm
2
.
Bng 6/6.32 Nhng yu cu th ko
Loi vt liu hn bn ko nh nht (N/mm
2
)
EW1, EW2, EW3 400
EW51, EW52, EW53, EW54 490
EW52Y40, EW53Y40, EW54Y40 510
Bng 6/6.33 Nhng yu cu th ko dc mi hn
Loi vt liu hn Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy nh nht
(N/mm
2
)
dn di tng i
nh nht (%)
EW1
EW2
EW3

400 ~560

305

EW51
EW52
EW53
EW54

490 ~660

375

22
EW52Y40
EW53Y40
EW54Y40

510 ~690

400

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
89
6.5.9 Th kim tra cu trc v m
1 Hai mu th kim tra cu trc v m phi c ct ra t mi vt th, b mt c th
ca mu th c quy nh nh sau: mt mu th phi c b mt c th vung gc vi
b mt ca vt th, cn mu th th hai phi c b mt song song vi b mt ca vt th.
2 Mi hn ca mu th phi c nh bng v cho khc axit v khi quan st phi biu hin
c rng mi hn ngu, thu hon ton v c cu trc kim loi tt.
1 Trong nhng ln kim tra hng nm, vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn phi
c tin hnh th nh quy nh mc -2 di y.
2 Cc dng th trong cc ln kim tra hng nm phi ph hp vi ni dung Bng 6/6.35.
3 Quy trnh hn v cc yu cu i vi vt th quy nh mc -2 ni trn phi ph hp vi
cc yu cu a ra cc mc t 6.5.5 n 6.5.8.

Khi cn thay i loi vt liu hn c lin quan n bn hoc tnh do ca vt liu hn
c cng nhn th vic th quy nh mc 6.5.4-1 phi c tin hnh theo nhng
yu cu mc 6.1.3-6 v cc vt liu hn phi t kt qu tha mn.
6.6 Vt liu hn t ng mt pha dng cho thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp
lm vic nhit thp
6.6.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Vt liu hn t ng mt mt dng cho thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp lm vic
nhit thp a ra cc mc t (1) dn (3) di y (t y v sau trong mc 6.6
c gi l vt liu hn t ng mt mt) phi c tin hnh th cng nhn v kim tra
hng nm theo cc yu cu mc 6.6.
(1) Vt liu hn t ng mt mt h quang di thuc.
Hnh 6/6.13 V tr mu th dai va p

(b) Vt khc thuc kim loi mi
hn, 2 mm t mp nng chy
ca mi hn
(a) Vt khc ti tm mi hn
ng tm mi hn
Vt khc
2
2

t

ng tm mi hn
Vt khc
2

t

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
90
(2) Vt liu hn t ng mt mt dy kim loi c kh bo v (vt liu hn t ng mt mt
dy kim loi thun nht v vt liu hn t ng mt mt dy kim loi c cht gy chy).
Bng 6/6.34 Nhng yu cu th dai va p
Loi vt liu hn Nhit th (
o
C) Nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu (J)
EW1 20
EW2 0
EW3 -20 34
EW51 20
EW52 0
EW53 -20
EW54 -40
EW52Y40 0
EW53Y40 -20 41
EW54Y40 -40
Vt th Dng th
(mm)
Loi v s lng mu th
ct ra t mt vt th

Th mi
hn gip
mp

1

Hnh 6/6.12

20 ~25
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th un cnh mi hn: 2
Mu th dai va p: 6
(1)

Mu th kim tra cu trc v m: 1
(2)

Ch thch:
(1) Khi c ng kim chp thun ba mu th dai va p c th c ct ra theo tm
mi hn;
(2) B mt c th phi vung gc vi b mt vt th;
(3) Vt liu hn t ng mt mt khng c kh bo v (Vt liu hn t ng mt mt dy kim
loi c cht gy chy khng c kh bo v).
2 Vic th cng nhn v kim tra hng nm i vi vt liu hn t ng mt mt dng cho
thp thng, thp c bn cao v thp lm vic nhit thp v cc vt liu hn bn
t ng mt mt phi c ng kim xem xt v quyt nh c th.
3 Vt liu tm mt sau c s dng trong hn t ng mt mt kt hp vi cc vt liu
hn mt mt nu mc -1 v -2 trn phi c ng kim xem xt v quyt nh c th.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
91
Bng 6/6.36 Cc hu t
K thut hn K hiu
K thut hn mt lp
(1)
SP
K thut hn nhiu lp
(2)
MP
Hn mt lp v nhiu lp SMP
Ch thch:
(1) K thut hn mt lp tc l qu trnh hn c thc hin bng cch a dy hn nng
chy qua mi hn mt ln, khng k n s lng dy hn l bao nhiu.
(2) K thut hn nhiu lp tc l phng php hn c thc hin bng cch a dy hn
nng chy qua mi hn nhiu ln, khng k n s lng dy hn nng chy.
Bng 6/6.37 Nhng dng th i vi vt liu hn t ng mt mt
Vt th Loi vt
liu hn
Quy
trnh
hn
Dng
th
(5)
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu dy
(1)

(mm)
Loi v s mu th c
ct ra t mi vt th
AW1
AW2
AW3

1

12 ~15
Mu th ko: 2
AW51
AW52
AW53

Hn
mt
lp

1
20 - 25 Mu th un chn mi hn: 1
Mu th dai va p: 6
(4)

AW54
AW52Y40

1
12 ~15
(2)
Mu th ko: 2
AW53Y40 Hnh 20 ~25
(3)
AW54Y40 6/6.14 20 ~25
(2)
AWL1
AWL2

Hn
nhiu
lp
Th
mi
hn
gip
mp
1 30 ~35
(3)
Mu th dai va p: 6
(4)

AWL3
AWL91
AWL92

1

12 ~15
(6)

Mu th ko: 2

Hn
nhiu
lp v
hn
mt
lp
1 20 ~25
(2)(7)
Mu th dai va p: 6
(4)

30 ~35
(3)(7)
Ch thch:
(1) Trng hp chiu dy b hn ch do quy trnh hn th chiu dy vt th c th c thay
i so vi gi tr trong bng ny theo s chp thun ca ng kim. Trong trng hp
chiu dy vt th ln nht theo s hn ch c th ly lm chiu dy p dng ln nht.
(2) Chiu dy vt th theo dy hn n.
(3) Chiu dy vt th theo dy hn kp.
(4) Trng hp chiu dy vt th nm trong phm vi 12 mm n 15 mm th s lng mu th
l mt b gm ba mu nh a ra Hnh 6/6.15(b).
(5) Vic th hydro c th c tin hnh theo yu cu ca nh ch to vt liu hn.
(6) Chiu dy vt th i vi k thut hn mt lp.
(7) Chiu dy vt th i vi k thut hn nhiu lp.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
92
1 Vt liu hn t ng mt mt c phn thnh cc loi nh a ra Bng 6/6.12.
2 Vt liu hn t ng mt mt c th t yu cu i vi tng quy trnh hn c
a ra Bng 6/6.37 phi c b sung cc hu t Bng 6/6.36 vo cui k hiu
loi vt liu .
3 Hu t G s c b sung vo k hiu loi vt liu hn t ng mt mt c kh bo v, v
hu t N s c b sung vo k hiu loi vt liu hn t ng mt mt khng cn kh bo
v nu mc -2 trn. Loi kh bo v c s dng phi l loi c quy nh Bng
6/6.14 ca mc 6.3.2-3 v hu t ch loi kh bo v a ra Bng 6/6.14 s c in b
sung vo sau hu t G (v d: AW53SMPG(M1)).
1 cng nhn vt liu hn t ng mt mt, nhng vic th quy nh mc 6.6.4-1 phi
c thc hin i vi mi vt liu hn t ng mt mt v bn t ng mt mt.
2 i vi vt liu hn t ng mt mt, nhng vic th nu trong mc -1 trn phi c
thc hin i vi tng loi kh bo v Bng 6/6.14. Mc d vy khi nh ch to vt liu
hn khuyn ngh dng cc loi kh ca nhm M1, M2, M3 hoc C Bng 6/6.14 th vic
th cng nhn vt liu hn s c thc hin theo mt trong hai cch sau:
(1) Khi vic th c tin hnh theo mc -1 trn vi mt loi kh bo v ca nhm no
th vic th vi cc kh bo v khc ca cng nhm c php min.
(2) Trng hp vt liu hn c quy nh c th dng c vi c cc nhm kh bo v
M1, M2 hoc M3 th vic th theo -1 ni trn c php gii hn bt k loi kh no
ca nhm M1, M2 v M3 vi iu kin phi c ng kim ng .
6.6.4 Nhng iu khon chung i vi vic th
1 Cc dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc vt th, loi v s lng mu th c
ct ra t mi vt th i vi cc vt liu hn t ng mt mt c quy nh Bng
6/6.37.
2 Loi thp dng lm vt th phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.38.
6.6.5 Th t hn vt th
1 Vt th mi hn gip mp mt lp hoc nhiu lp (Hnh 6/6.14)
(1) Vic chun b mp hn v khe h chn mp hn ca vt th cng nh ng knh
dy hn, s lng dy hn, v.v... phi ph hp vi quy nh ca nh ch to vt
liu hn.
(2) Cc vt th phi c hn t th hn bng vi k thut hn mt lp hoc nhiu lp
theo quy trnh ca nh ch to vt liu hn quy nh. Tuy nhin i vi vt liu hn t
ng mt mt c kh bo v v khng c kh bo v th t th hn phi theo quy nh
ca nh ch to vt liu hn.
(3) Trng hp hn vt th theo k thut hn nhiu lp, sau khi hn xong mi lp, vt
th phi c t trong khng kh yn tnh cho n khi n ngui n nhit di
250
o
o
C, nhit c o tm b mt ca ng hn.
2 Sau khi hn xong vt th khng c tin hnh bt k mt phng php nhit luyn no
i vi vt th .
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
93
3 Cc vt th c hn xong phi c kim tra bng phng php chp phim mi hn
trc khi ct ly mu th.
6.6.6 Th mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn mt lp v nhiu lp
1 Hai mu th ko loi U2A hoc U2B c a ra Bng 6/3.1 v mt mu th ko dc
mi hn loi U1A phi c ct ra t mi vt th. Khi ct ly mu th phi ch m
bo c rng ng tm dc ca mu th phi trng vi tm mi hn v gia chiu dy
tm kim loi vt th.
2 Mu th ko dc mi hn c th c ni c nhit khng qu 250
o
C trong thi
gian khng qu 16 gi kh hydr trc khi tin hnh th ko.
3 bn ko ca mu th U2A hoc U2B phi tha mn cc yu cu nu Bng 6/6.19
ca 6.3.8 tng ng vi tng loi vt liu hn t ng mt mt. bn ko, ng sut
chy v dn di tng i ca mu th ko dc mi hn loi U1A phi tha mn cc
yu cu nu Bng 6/6.17 ca 6.3.8 tng ng vi tng loi vt liu hn t ng mt
mt. Trng hp bn ko vt qu gii hn trn theo quy nh th ng kim s xem
xt mt cch c bit cng nhn vt liu hn da vo cc tnh cht c hc khc nhn
c trong khi th v cc thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi ca mi hn.
6.6.7 Th un mi hn gip mp c hn theo k thut hn nhiu lp v mt lp
Vic th un mi hn gip mp phi c tin hnh theo nhng yu cu c a ra
mc 6.3.12.
6.6.8 Th i dai va p mi hn gip mp c hn theo k thut hn nhiu lp v
mt lp
1 Hai b mu th dai va p loi U4 a ra Bng 7A/2.5 Chng 2 Phn 7A ca
Quy chun ny phi c ct ra t mi vt th. Chiu dc ca mu th phi vung gc
vi ng hn v v tr mi mu th c ct ra t mi vt th phi ph hp vi v tr
c ch ra Hnh 6/6.15(a) v 6/6.15(b).
2 Nhit th v nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi tha mn cc yu cu a ra
Bng 6/6.18 tng ng vi tng loi vt liu hn t ng mt pha.
3 Nhng yu cu c a ra mc 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 trn cng phi c p dng
cho mc 6.6.8 ny.
6.6.9 Th kim tra cu trc v m mi hn gip mp c hn bng k thut hn
mt lp v nhiu lp
1 Cc mu th cu v m phi c ct ra t vt th nh c ch ra Hnh 6/6.14. B mt
c th ca mu th phi vung gc vi b mt tm kim loi vt th.
2 C hai thnh phn: Phn kim loi mi hn v phn tip gip gia kim loi mi hn v kim
loi c bn khi quan st phi th hin c rng chng nng chy hon ton, mi hn
ngu v c cu trc kim tng tt.
6.6.10 Kim tra hm lng hydro
Vic th kim tra hm lng hydro phi c tun theo cc yu cu quy nh trong
6.2.11.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
94
Lai vt liu hn Cp thp dng lm vt th
(1)

AW1 A
AW2 A, B hoc D
AW3 A, B, D hoc E
AW51 A32 hoc A36
AW52 A32, A36, D32 hoc D36
AW53 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32 hoc E36
AW54 A32, A36, D32, D36, E32, E36, F32 hoc F36
AW52Y40 A40 hoc D40
AW53Y40 A40, D40 hoc E40
AW54Y40 A40, D40, E40 hoc F40
AWL1 E hoc L24A
AWL2 E, L24A, L24B, L27, L33
AWL3 L27, L33 hoc L37
Ch thch:
(1) bn ko ca thp c bn cao loi A32, D32, E32 v F32 dng lm vt th phi
ln hn hoc bng 490 N/mm
2
.
Bng 6/6.39 Nhng dng th trong mi ln kim tra hng nm
Loi vt K thut Dng Vt th Loi v s mu th c
liu hn hn th S
lng
Kch thc chiu dy
(mm)
ct ra t mi vt th
AW1
AW2
AW3
AW51
AW52
AW53
AW54

Hn
mt
lp

1

20
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
(1)

AW52Y40
AW53Y40
AW54Y40
AWL1

Hn
nhiu
lp
Th
mi
hn
gip
mp
(2)

1

Hnh
6/6.14

20 ~25
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
(1)

AWL2
AWL3
AWL91
AWL92
Hn
mt lp
v hn
nhiu
lp

1

20 ~25
Mu th ko: 1
Mu th dai va p: 3
(1)

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
95
Ch thch:
(1) V tr ca vt khc v vic ct chn mu th dai va p phi ph hp vi Hnh 6/6.15.
(2) Vic th mi hn gip mp i vi k thut hn nhiu lp v mt lp phi c tin hnh
vi k thut hn mt lp.
Hnh 6/6.14 Vt th mi hn gip mp c hn
nhiu lp v mt lp
(n v: mm, t: chiu dy tm kim loi
vt th)

Mu th ko dc
mi hn
Mu th v m
(tit din thng ng)
Mu th ko
Mu th ko
Mu th un mt mi hn
Mu th un chn mi hn
Mu th dai
va p c vt
khc ch V

ng tm mi hn
(b) i vi vt liu AWL91 v AWL92
Mu th ko
Mu th ko
Mu th dai
va p c vt
khc ch V

ng tm mi hn
Mu th un mt
mi hn theo chiu
dc

Mu th un chn
mi hn theo chiu
dc

Mu th ko dc
mi hn
Mu th kim tra
cu trc v m
(tit din thng ng)
3
0

5
0

5
0

3
0

(a) i vi vt liu hn khc vi (b)
> 150 > 150
t
/
2

t
/
2
t

>
2
0
0

5
0

>
2
0
0

5
0

> 200
t
/
2

t
/
2

t

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
96

(a) (b)

1 Trong mi ln kim tra hng nm vic th quy nh mc -2 v -3 di y phi c
thc hin cho tng loi vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn v nhng vt liu hn
phi tha mn cc yu cu tng ng.
2 Nhng dng th trong mi ln kim tra hng nm phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu c
a ra Bng 6/6.39.
3 Quy trnh hn v cc yu cu i vi vt th c dng th theo cc quy nh mc -2
trn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu cc mc t 6.6.5 n 6.6.8.
Trng hp cn phi thay i loi vt liu hn c lin quan n bn v tnh do ca vt
liu hn t ng mt mt c ng kim cng nhn th tt c cc dng th quy nh
mc 6.6.4-1 phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu a ra mc 6.1.3-6 v vt liu hn t
ng mt mt phi t kt qu th tha mn.
6.7 Vt liu hn thp khng g
6.7.1 Phm vi p dng
Vt liu hn thp khng g (t sau y 6.7 c gi l vt liu hn) phi c tin
hnh th cng nhn v kim tra hng nm theo nhng yu cu ca 6.7.
1 Cc vt liu hn thp khng g c phn thnh cc loi nh a ra Bng 6/6.40.
2 Nhng vt liu hn h quang di thuc c th t yu cu i vi tng quy trnh
a ra Bng 6/6.42 s c in b sung cc hu t a ra Bng 6/6.41 vo cui k
hiu vt liu hn.
3 i vi vt liu hn bn t ng l dy kim loi c cht gy chy nu trong mc -1 trn,
hu t G s c b sung vo k hiu loi vt liu hn nu nh chng cn phi c kh bo
v khi hn v hu t N s c in b sung vo k hiu loi vt liu hn nu nh chng
khng cn c kh bo v khi hn. Loi kh bo v s dng khi hn phi l loi quy nh
Bng 6/6.14 ca 6.3.2-3 v hu t ch loi kh bo v c a ra Bng 6/6.14 s c
b sung vo sau hu t G (v d: W308G(C)).
Hnh 6/6.15 V tr mu th dai va p mi hn gip mp c hn
bng k thut hn nhiu lp v mt lp
(n v: mm, t: chiu dy tm kim loi vt th)

Vt kha
ng tm mi hn

Vt kha
ng tm mi hn

1
0

2

t

t

2

1
0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
97
Bng 6/6.40 Loi v k hiu vt liu hn thp khng g
Hn h quang
bng tay
Hn TIG
(1)

v MIG
(2)

Dy hn c cht gy
chy hn bn t ng
Hn h quang
di thuc
D308 Y308 W308 U308
D308L Y308L W308L U308L
D309 Y309 W309 U309
D309L Y309L W309L U309L
D309Mo Y309Mo W309Mo U309Mo
D309MoL W309MoL
D310 Y310 W310 U310
Y310S
D310Mo
D316 Y316 W316 U316
D316L Y316L W316L U316L
D317 Y317 W317 U317
D317L Y317L W317L U317L
Y321
D347 Y347 W347 U347
Ch thch:
(1) TIG: Hn h quang bng in cc Vonfram trong mi trng kh tr bo v.
(2) MIG: Hn trong kh tr bo v.
Bng 6/6.41 Cc hu t
K thut hn K hiu
K thut hn nhiu lp M
K thut hn hai lp T
K thut hn hai lp v hn nhiu lp TM
1 cng nhn vt liu hn, cc dng th quy nh mc 6.7.4-1 phi c tin hnh i
vi tng loi vt liu hn.
2 i vi vt liu hn bn t ng l dy kim loi c cht gy chy cn c kh bo v khi
hn, vic th theo mc -1 trn phi c thc hin i vi tng loi kh bo v a ra
Bng 6/6.14. Mc d vy, khi nh ch to vt liu hn khuyn ngh dng cc loi kh bo
v thuc nhm M1, M2 hoc M3 ca Bng 6/6.14 th vic th cng nhn vt liu hn phi
c thc hin theo mt trong hai phng php di y.
(1) Khi vic th theo quy nh trong mc -1 trn c tin hnh vi mt loi kh bo v ca
mt nhm no th vic th i vi loi kh khc ca cng nhm c php min.
(2) Khi vt liu hn c quy nh c th c dng vi bt k loi kh bo v no ca
nhm M1, M2 hoc M3 Th vic th theo quy nh trong mc -1 trn c php
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
98
c gii hn vi loi kh bt k ca nhm M1, M2 hoc M3 vi iu kin phi c
ng kim ng .
Bng 6/6.42 Cc dng th i vi vt liu hn thp khng g
Vt th
Loi vt
liu hn
Dng th
T th hn
ng knh
(1)

que hn hoc
dy hn (mm)
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng mu
th ly ra t vt th
3,2 12 Th kim
loi p
Hn bng
4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.16
19
Mu th ko: 1
Hn bng 1
Hn ngang 1 Mu th ko: 1
Hn ng i ln 3,2 hoc 4,0 1 9 ~12 Mu th un mt mi hn: 1
Th mi
hn gip
mp
Hn ng i xung 1
Hnh
6/6.17
Que hn
dng cho
hn h
quang
bng tay
Hn trn 1
2,4 12 Th kim
loi p
Hn bng
3,2

1
Hnh
6/6.16
19
Mu th ko: 1
Hn bng 1
Vt liu
hn dng
cho hn
TIG
Mi hn
gip mp
Hn ng i ln 2,0 ~3,2 1
Hnh
6/6.17
9 ~12 Mu th un mt mi hn: 1
Hn ng i xung 1 Mu th un chn mi hn: 1
Hn trn 1
1,2 1 12 Mu th ko: 1

Th kim
loi p
Hn bng
1,6
Hnh
6/6.16
19
Hn bng 1
Hn ng i ln 1,2 ~2,0 1 9 ~12 Mu th un chn mi hn: 1
Vt liu
hn dng
cho hn
MIG
Th mi
hn gip
mp
Hn ng i xung 1
Hnh
6/6.17
Hn trn 1
1,2 ~2,4 12 Th kim
loi p
Hn bng 3,2 hoc ng
knh ln nht
1
Hnh
6/6.16
19 Mu th ko: 1
Hn bng 1
Dy hn
c cht
gy chy
dng cho
hn bn
t ng
Hn ng i ln 1,2 ~3,2 1
Hnh
6/6.17
9 ~ 12 Mu th un mt mi hn: 1

Th mi
hn gip
mp
Hn ng i xung 1 Mu th un chn mi hn: 1
Hn trn 1

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
99
Bng 6/6.42 Cc dng th i vi vt liu hn thp khng g (tip theo)
Vt th
Loi vt
liu hn
Dng th T th
hn
ng knh
(1)

que hn hoc
dy hn (mm)
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng mu
th ly ra t vt th
Th kim
loi p
Hn bng 1,2 ~4,0 1 Hnh
6/6.16
19 ~25 Mu th ko: 1

Hn
nhiu
lp
Mi hn
gip mp

Hn bng

1,2 ~4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.18(a)

19
Mu th ko: 1

Hn bng

1,2 ~2,4

1

12
Mu th ko: 1

Hn
hai
lp
Mi hn
gip mp

Hn bng

4,0

1

Hnh
6/6.18(b)

19
Mu th ko: 1
Th kim
loi p
Hn bng 1,2 ~4,0 1 Hnh
6/6.16
19 ~25 Mu th ko: 1
Th mi
hn gip
mp

Hn bng

1,2 ~ 4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.18(a)

19
Mu th ko: 1

Hn bng

1,2 ~2,4

1

12
Mu th ko: 1

Th mi
hn gip
mp

Hn bng

4,0

1

Hnh
6/6.18(b)

19
Mu th ko: 1
Ch thch:
(1) Khi c ng kim ng , ng knh ca que hn hoc dy hn c th c thay i.
6.7.4 Nhng iu khon chung cho vic th cng nhn
1 Dng th, s lng, chiu dy v kch thc ca cc vt th, ng knh dy hn c
s dng, loi v s lng cc mu th c ct ra t mi vt th cho mi t th hn i
vi cc vt liu hn phi ph hp vi Bng 6/6.42. Tuy nhin cc dng th b sung theo cc
loi thp nh th chng n mn, th va p, th cu trc v m, v.v..., tr cc dng th nh
nu Bng 6/6.42 c th c yu cu tin hnh khi ng kim xt thy cn thit.
2 Nhng loi thp c dng lm vt th phi l loi c quy nh Bng 6/6.43 tng ng
vi tng loi vt liu hn hoc cc loi thp khc c ng kim cho l tng ng.
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn t th hn bng theo quy trnh hn do nh ch to ngh.
K

t
h
u
t

h
n

h
a
i

l
p

v

t
h
u
t

h
n

n
h
i
u

l
p

V
t

l
i
u

d
n
g

c
h
o

h
n

h

q
u
a
n
g

d
i

n
c

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
100
n ngui n nhit di 100
o
nhng khng di 15
o
C, nhit c o ti tm b
mt mi hn.
2 Vt th mi hn gip mp (Hnh 6/6.17 v 6/6.18)
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn mi t th hn do nh ch to vt liu hn khuyn ngh
(hn bng, hn ngang, hn ng i ln, hn ng i xung v hn trn).
n ngui n nhit di 150
o
C nhng khng di 15
o
C, nhit c o ti tm
b mt mi hn.
3 Sau khi hn xong vt th khng c tin hnh bt c mt bin php nhit luyn no i
vi cc vt th .
4 Sau khi hn xong cc vt th phi c tin hnh kim tra bng phng php chp nh
phng x mi hn trc khi ct ly mu th.
Bng 6/6.43 Nhng loi thp dng lm vt th
Loi vt liu hn Loi thp dng lm vt th
D308, Y308, W308, U308 SUS304
D308L, Y308L, W308L, U308L SUS304L
D309, Y309, W309, U309
D309L, Y309L, W309L, U309L SUS309S
D309Mo, Y309Mo, W309Mo, U309Mo
D309MoL, W309MoL
D310, Y310, W310, U310
Y310S SUS310S
D310Mo
D316, Y316, W316, U316 SUS316
D316L, Y316L, W316L, U316L SUS316L
D317, Y317, W317, U317 SUS317
D317L, Y317L, W317L, U317L SUS317, SUS317L
Y312 SUS321
D347, Y347, W347, U347 SUS321, SUS347
Ch thch:
(1) Mc d nhng yu cu bng ny, thp thng hoc thp c bn cao c th c
dng lm vt th kim loi p. Trong trng hp , khi hn vt th phi tin hnh hn
p tng lp mng mt cch thch hp.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
101

Hnh 6/6.17 Vt th mi hn gip mp i vi que hn dng trong hn h quang bng
tay, vt liu hn dng trong hn MIG v TIG v dy hn c cht tr dung
dng trong hn bn t ng (n v: mm)

Loi vt
liu hn
Que hn dng cho hn
h quang bng tay
Vt liu hn dng
cho hn TIG
Vt liu hn dng
cho hn MIG
Dy hn c cht gy chy
dng cho hn bn t ng
Khe h W
(mm)
ng knh (ln nht)
ca que hn
s 5 s 5 s 6

Khong 250
Loi b
Loi b
Mu th un chn
mi hn
Mu th un mt
mi hn
Mu th ko

K
h
o
n
g

2
5
0

5
0

3
0

3
0

6

25
w
60
9
~
1
2

>
3

Hnh 6/6.16 Vt th kim loi p (n v : mm)

30~45
H

Khong 125 Khong 125
w
25
w
25
t : Chiu dy tm kim loi
w : Khe h chn mp hn
t w H
12 6 > 90
19~25 12 > 150

>
6

>
6

t

t
/
2

t
/
2

6

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
102
Bng 6/6.44 Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p i vi tng loi que hn
Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p (%) Loi vt
liu hn
C
(ln
nht)
S
i
(ln
nht)
M
n
(ln
nht)
P
(ln
nht)
S
(ln
nht)
N
i
C
r
M
o

Cc thnh
phn khc
D308 0,08 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 18,0~21,0
D308L 0,04 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 9,0~12,0 18,0~21,0
D309 0,15 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0
D309L 0,04 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~16,0 22,0~25,0
D309Mo 0,12 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
D309MoL 0,04 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
D310 0,02 0,75 2,50 0,03 0,03 20,0~22,0 22,0~28,0
D310Mo 0,12 0,75 2,50 0,03 0,03 20,0~22,0 22,0~28,0 2,0~3,0
D316 0,08 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 11,0~14,0 17,0~20,0 2,0~2,75
D316L 0,04 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 11,0~16,0 17,0~20,0 2,0~2,75
D317 0,08 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 18,0~21,0 3,0~4,0
D317L 0,04 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~16,0 18,0~21,0 3,0~4,0
D347 0,08 0,90 2,50 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 18,0~21,0 N
b
8C(%)~1.0
Bng 6/6.45 Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p i vi que hn
hn TIG v dy hn hn MIG
Loi vt
liu hn
Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p (%)
C
(ln nht)
S
i

(ln nht)
M
n

P
(ln nht)
S
(ln nht)
N
i
C
r
M
o

Cc thnh
phn khc
Y308 0,08 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 9,0~11,0 19,5~22,0
Y308L 0,03 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 9,0~11,0 19,5~22,0
Y309 0,12 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 12,0~14,0 23,0~25,0
Y309L 0,03 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 12,0~14,0 23,0~25,0
Y309Mo 0,12 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 12,0~14,0 23,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
Y310 0,15 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 20,0~22,5 25,0~28,0
Y310S 0,08 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 20,0~22,5 25,0~28,0
Y316 0,08 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 11,0~14,0 18,0~20,0 2,0~3,0
Y316L 0,03 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 11,0~14,0 18,0~20,0 2,0~3,0
Y317 0,08 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 13,0~15,0 18,5~20,5 3,0~4,0
Y317L 0,03 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 13,0~15,0 18,5~20,5 3,0~4,0
Y321 0,08 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 9,0~10,5 18,5~20,5
T
i

9C(%)~1,0
Y347 0,08 0,65 1,0~2,5 0,03 0,03 9,0~11,0 19,0~21,5
N
b
10C(%)~1, 0

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
103

Hnh 6/6.18 Vt th mi hn gip mp i vi hn h quang di thuc (n v: mm)
6.7.6 Thnh phn ha hc
1 Que hn dng trong hn h quang bng tay v cc vt liu hn dy kim loi c cht gy
chy dng cho hn bn t ng v vt liu hn dng cho hn h quang di thuc phi c
gi tr cc thnh phn ha hc ca kim loi p ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra cc
Bng 6/6.44, 6/6.46 v 6/6.47.
2 Cc vt liu hn dng cho hn TIG v hn MIG phi c thnh phn ha hc khi phn tch
m nu vt liu hn ph hp vi nhng yu cu a ra Bng 6/6.45.
(a) Hn nhiu lp
Khong 250
Ct b
Ct b
Mu th un chn
mi hn
Mu th un mt
mi hn
Mu th ko
K
h
o
n
g

1
5
0
5
0

3
0

3
0

Mu th ko dc
mi hn
5
0

3
0

3
0

Ct b
Mu th ko
Mu th un mt
mi hn
Mu th un chn
mi hn
(b) Hn hai lp
60
(a) Chun b mp hn
hn nhiu lp
(b) Chun b mp hn
hn hai lp
Chiu dy =12 mm
90
(c) Chun b mp hn
hn hai lp
Chiu dy =19 mm
90

4

1
9

3

6

3

1
2

6

7

6

1
9

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
104
Bng 6/6.46 Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p i vi hn bn t ng
(a) C kh bo v
Loi vt
liu hn
C
(ln
nht)
S
i

(ln
nht)
M
n

P
(ln
nht)
S
(ln
nht)
N
i
C
r
M
o

Cc thnh
phn khc
W308 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 18,0~21,0
W308L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 9,0~12,0 18,0~21,0
W309 0,10 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0
W309L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0
W309Mo 0,12 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
W309MoL 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
W310 0,20 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 20,0~22,0 25,0~28,0
W316 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 11,0~14,0 17,0~20,0 2,0~3,0
W316L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 11,0~14,0 17,0~20,0 2,0~3,0
W317 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 18,0~21,0 3,0~4,0
W317L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~16,0 18,0~21,0 3,0~4,0
W347 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 18,0~21,0 N
b
8C(%)~1,0
(b) Khng c kh bo v
Loi vt
liu hn
C
(ln
nht)
S
i
(ln
nht)
M
n

P
(ln
nht)
S
(ln
nht)
N
i
C
r
M
o

Cc thnh
phn khc
W308 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 19,5~22,0
W308L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 9,0~12,0 19,5~22,0
W309 0,10 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 23,0~25,5
W309L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 23,0~25,5
W309Mo 0,12 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
W309MoL 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
W310 0,20 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 20,0~22,0 25,0~28,0
W316 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 11,0~14,0 18,0~20,5 2,0~3,0
W316L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 11,0~14,0 18,0~20,5 2,0~3,0
W317 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 13,0~15,0 18,5~21,0 3,0~4,0
W317L 0,04 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 13,0~15,0 18,5~21,0 3,0~4,0
W347 0,08 1,0 0,5~2,5 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 19,0~21,5
N
b

8C(%)~1,0
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
105
1 Mu th ko phi l loi 1B hoc 1C a ra Bng 6/3.1 v mt mu th phi c
ct ra t mi vt th. Khi c ng kim ng , mt mu th ko loi U1A c th c
ct ra t vt th sao cho trc dc ca mu th trng vi tm ca mi hn v gia chiu
dy ca tm kim loi vt th (Hnh 6/6.16).
2 Cc mu th ko c th c nung nng n di nhit 250
o
C trong thi gian khng
qu 16 gi kh Hydro trc khi tin hnh th ko.
3 bn ko, ng sut chy v dn di tng i ca cc mu th phi ph hp vi cc
yu cu ca Bng 6/6.48 theo tng loi vt liu hn tng ng.
Bng 6/6.47 Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p i vi hn h quang di thuc
Thnh phn ha hc kim loi p (%) Loi vt
liu hn
C
(ln nht)
S
i

(ln nht)
M
n

(ln nht)
P
(ln nht)
S
(ln nht)
N
i
C
r
M
o

Cc thnh
phn khc
U308 0,08 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 18,0~21,0
U308L 0,04 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 9,0~12,0 18,0~21,0
U309 0,15 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0
U309L 0,04 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0
U309Mo 0,12 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 22,0~25,0 2,0~3,0
U310 0,20 0,75 2,50 0,03 0,03 20,0~22,0 25,0~28,0
U316 0,08 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 11,0~14,0 17,0~20,0 2,0~2,75
U316L 0,04 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 11,0~16,0 17,0~20,0 2,0~2,75
U317 0,08 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~14,0 18,0~21,0 3,0~4,0
U317L 0,04 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 12,0~16,0 18,0~21,0 3,0~4,0
U3347 0,08 1,0 2,50 0,04 0,03 9,0~11,0 18,0~21,0 N
b
8C(%)~1,0
1 Mu th ko phi l loi U2A hoc U2B c a ra Bng 6/3.1 v mt mu th phi
c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 bn ko ca mi mu th phi tha mn vi nhng yu cu a ra Bng 6/6.49.
3 Vt liu hn h quang di thuc ch dng cho k thut hn hai lp phi c ct chn
cc mu th ko loi U1A a ra Bng 6/3.1 sao cho ng tm dc ca mu th phi
trng vi ng tm ca mi hn v tm chiu dy vt th.
4 Cc mu th ko dc mi hn quy nh trong -3 trn c th c nung nng n nhit
di 250
o
C trong thi gian khng qu 16 gi kh hydro trc khi tin hnh th.
5 Nhng yu cu i vi th ko quy nh trong -2 v -3 trn c a ra Bng 6/6.48.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
106
1 Cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn gip mp phi l loi UB-6 c a ra
Bng 6/3.1 v cc mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt th (Hnh 6/6.17 v 6/18).
Que hn
hn h
quang bng
tay
Vt liu cho
hn TIG v
MIG
Dy hn c
cht gy chy
hn bn t
ng
Vt liu hn
h quang
di thuc
Gii hn
bn ko nh
nht
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy
quy c
0,2%
(N/mm
2
)
dn di
tng i
nh nht (%)
D308 Y308 W308 U308 550 225 35
D308L Y308L W308L U308L 510 205 35
D309 Y309 W309 U309 550 225 30
D309L Y309L W309L U309L 510 205 30
D309Mo Y309Mo W309Mo U309Mo 550 225 30
D309MoL W309MoL 510 205
30
(1)

D310 Y310 W310 U310 550 225 30
Y310S 550 225 30
D310Mo 550 225 30
D316 Y316 W316 U316 550 225 30
D316L Y316L W316L U316L 510 205 35
D317 Y317 W317 U317 550 225 30
D317L Y317L W317L U317L 510 205 30
Y321 550 225 30
D347 Y347 W347 U347 550 225 30
Ch thch:
(1) dn di tng i ca vt liu hn W309MoL khng c nh hn 20%.

2 Cc mu th phi c kh nng chu c un mt gc 120
o
quanh mt chi tit un c bn
knh bng 1,5 ln chiu dy mu th m khng xut hin cc vt nt di qu 3 mm hoc
c cc khuyt tt khc trn b mt ngoi ca mu th.
1 Trong nhng ln kim tra hng nm, cc dng th quy nh -2 v -3 di y phi c
thc hin i vi tng loi vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn v cc vt liu hn
phi t c cc kt qu th tha mn yu cu.
2 Cc dng th, ng knh cc vt liu hn, t th hn, cc yu cu i vi vt th, v.v...,
trong nhng ln kim tra hng nm phi ph hp vi cc quy nh Bng 6/6.50.
3 Qu trnh hn vt th v cc yu cu khc i vi vt th c quy nh cc mc t
6.7.5 n 6.7.9.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
107
Bng 6/6.49 Nhng yu cu th ko mi hn gip mp
Que hn
hn h quang
bng tay
Vt liu cho
hn TIG
v MIG
Dy hn c cht
gy chy hn bn
t ng
Vt liu hn h
quang di thuc
Gii hn bn
ko nh nht
(N/mm
2
)
D308 Y308 W308 U308 520
D308L Y308L W308L U308L 480
D309 Y309 W309 U309 520
D309L Y309L W309L U309L 520
D309Mo Y309Mo W309Mo U309Mo 520
D309MoL W309MoL 520
D310 Y310 W310 U310 520
Y310S 520
D310Mo 520
D316 Y316 W316 U316 520
D316L Y316L W316L U316L 480
D317 Y317 W317 U317
520
(1)

D317L Y317L W317L U317L
520
(1)

Y321 520
D347 Y347 W347 U347 520
Ch thch:
(1) Trong trng hp vt th c lm bng loi thp c k hiu SUS317L, th bn ko
ca mu th mi hn gip mp phi ln hn hoc bng 480 N/mm
2
.
6.8 Vt liu hn hp kim nhm
6.8.1 Phm vi p dng
Vt liu hn dng hn hp kim nhm quy nh (1) v (2) di y (t sau y trong
mc 6.8 ny gi l Vt liu hn phi c th cng nhn v kim tra hng nm theo
nhng yu cu ca mc ny.
(1) Kt hp dy hn vi kh khi hn h quang bng in cc Vonfram trong mi trng
kh tr bo v (TIG) hoc khi hn h quang plasma.
(2) Dy hn v s kt hp ca dy hn v kh hn i vi hn h quang kim loi trong
mi trng kh tr (MIG), hn h quang bng in cc Vonfram trong mi trng kh
tr bo v hoc hn h quang plasma.
6.8.2 Loi v k hiu ca cc loi vt liu hn
1 Loi v k hiu ca cc vt liu hn c phn loi nh Bng 6/6.51.
2 Vt liu hn s dng kh bo th v hu t G phi c in b sung vo cui k hiu loi
vt liu hn. Loi kh c dng phi l loi a ra Bng 6/6.52 v cng phi in hu
t G vo cui k hiu (V d: Al5RBG(I-3)).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
108
1 cng nhn cc vt liu hn, cc vic th theo quy nh 6.8.4-1 phi c tin hnh
cho tng loi vt liu hn.
2 i vi vt liu hn s dng kh bo v, cc vic th quy nh -1 trn phi c tin
hnh i vi mi loi kh bo v c a ra Bng 6/6.52. Tuy nhin, trong trng
hp nh ch to vt liu hn khuyn ngh dng cc loi kh bo v thuc nhm I nu
trong Bng 6/6.52 v cc cuc th quy nh -1 c tin hnh i vi mi loi kh
bo v, th vic th i vi loi kh khc trong cng mt nhm s c min, nu
c ng kim chp nhn.
Bng 6/6.50 Cc dng th trong ln kim tra hng nm
Vt th
Loi vt liu hn Dng th T th
hn
ng knh
que hn hoc
dy hn (mm)
S
lng
Kch
thc
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s lng mu th
ly ra t mt vt th
Que hn dng
cho hn h
quang bng tay
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng

3,2~4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.16

12~19

Mu th ko: 1
Vt liu dng cho
hn TIG
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng

2,4~3,2

1
Hnh
6/6.16

12~19

Mu th ko: 1
Vt liu dng cho
hn MIG
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng

1,2~1,6

1
Hnh
6/6.16

12~19

Mu th ko: 1
Dy hn c cht
gy chy dng
cho hn bn t
ng
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng

1,2~3,2

1
Hnh
6/6.16

12~19

Mu th ko: 1
Hn
nhiu
lp
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng

1,2~4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.16

19~25

Mu th ko: 1

Hn hai
lp
Th mi
hn gip
mp

Hn
bng

2,4~4,0

1

Hnh
6/6.18 (b)

12~19
Mu th ko: 1
Th kim
loi p
Hn
bng

1,2~4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.16

19~25

Mu th ko: 1

Vt liu
dng
cho hn
h
quang
di
lp
thuc

Hn hai
lp v
nhiu
lp
Th mi
hn gip
mp
Hn
bng

2,4~4,0

1
Hnh
6/6.18 (b)

12~19
Mu th ko: 1
6.8.4 Nhng quy nh chung i vi vic th
1 Cc dng th, chiu dy, kch thc vt th, ng knh vt liu hn dng hn vt th,
t th hn v quy trnh hn vt th, s lng v loi cc mu th c ct ra t mi vt
th i vi cc vt liu hn phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 6/6.53.
2 Nhng hp kim nhm c dng lm vt th phi ph hp vi cc quy nh Bng
6/6.54.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
109
Bng 6/6.51 Cp v k hiu vt liu hn
Loi vt liu hn Cp v k hiu
Que hn Al5RA, Al5RB, Al5RC, Al6RD
Dy hn Al5WA, Al5WB, Al5WC, Al6WD
Bng 6/6.52 Loi kh bo v
Thnh phn kh (%)
Nhm Loi
He Ar

I
I-1
I-2
I-3
I-4
I-5
-
100
1 ~ 33
34 ~ 66
67 ~ 95
100
-
Cn li
Cn li
Cn li
E E-1 Khng k thnh phn trn
Bng 6/6.53 Cc dng th i vi vt liu hn hp kim nhm
Vt th
Dng th
T th hn S lng Kch thc
Chiu
dy
(mm)
Loi v s mu th
c ct ra t mt
vt th
Th kim loi mi
hn (th thnh
phn ha hc)
Hn bng 1 Hnh 6/6.19 - -
Hn bng 1 Mu th ko: 2
Hn ngang
(1)
1 Mu th un mt: 2
Hn ng
i ln
1 Mu th un chn: 2
Hn trn 1

Hnh 6/6.20

10 ~ 12
Mu th cu trc t vi: 1
Mu th ko: 2
Mu th un mt: 2
Mu th un chn: 2

Th mi hn
gip mp
Hn bng

1

Hnh 6/6.21

20 ~ 25
Ch thch:
(1) Vt liu hn tha mn cc yu cu i vi t th hn bng v hn ng i ln c th c
min cc vic th t th hn ngang, nu c ng kim chp thun.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
110
6.8.5 Th t hn cc vt th
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn t th hn bng ph hp vi quy trnh hn do nh ch
to ch nh.
(2) Quy cch ca cc vt th tng ng vi cc loi vt liu hn v quy trnh hn phi
sao cho c th ly mt lng kim loi mi hn phn tch thnh phn ha
hc.
2 Vt th mi hn gip mp (Hnh 6/6.20 v Hnh 6/6.21)
(1) Cc vt th phi c hn mi t th hn do nh ch to vt liu hn quy nh (hn
bng, hn ngang, hn ng i ln, hn ng i xung v hn trn). Vt th nh quy
nh Hnh 6/6.21 phi c hn t th hn bng.
(2) Sau khi hn xong mi lp, vt th phi c ngui t nhin trong khng kh n
khi nhit o c ti tm b mt mi hn bng nhit mi trng. Tuy nhin, vt
th cho cho vt liu hn loi Al6RD v Al6WD phi c ha gi t nhin sau khi hn
trong khong thi gian khng t hn 72 gi trc khi tin hnh th.
3 Sau khi hn xong vt th khng c tin hnh bt c mt bin php x l nhit no i
vi cc vt th .
4 Sau khi hn xong cc vt th phi c tin hnh kim tra bng phng php chp nh
bc x mi hn trc khi ct ly mu th.
Bng 6/6.54 Cp hp kim nhm dng lm vt th
Cp vt liu hn Cp hp kim nhm lm vt th
(1)

Al5RA, Al5A 5754P-O
Al5RB, Al5WB 5086P-O
Al5RC, Al5WC

Loi 5000
5083P-O
Al6RD, Al6WD Loi 6000 6082S
(2)
Ch thch:
(1) K hiu ca hp kim nhm bao gm c cc k hiu ca iu kin ram.
(2) Hp kim nhm tm khc ca loi 6000 c bn ko 260 N/mm
2
c th c s dng.

6.8.6 Thnh phn ha hc ca cc vt liu hn
Thnh phn ha hc ca cc vt liu hn phi c xc nh thng qua vic phn tch kim
loi mi hn quy nh Hnh 6/6.19 v kt qu phn tch phi ph hp vi cc gi tr gii
hn do nh ch to quy nh.
1 Cc mu th ko phi l loi U2A hoc U2B quy nh trong Bng 6/3.1 v hai mu th
phi c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 bn ko tng ng vi cp ca cc vt liu hn phi tha mn yu cu Bng 6/6.55.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
111
Bng 6/6.55 Nhng yu cu i vi th ko
Cp vt liu hn Gii hn bn ko (N/mm
2
)
Al5RA, Al5W, > 190
Al5RB, Al5WB > 240
Al5RC, Al5WC > 275
Al6RD, Al6WD > 170

1 Cc mu th un mt v un chn mi hn phi l loi UB-6 quy nh Bng 6/3.2 v hai
mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt th.
2 Cc mu th phi c kh nng chu c un mt v un chn 180
o
quanh mt chy p c
bn knh ly theo Bng 6/6.56 m khng c vt nt di qu 3 mm hoc cc khuyt tt khc
trn b mt ca mu th.
Bng 6/6.56 ng knh chy p th un
Cp vt liu hn ng knh chy p mm
(1)

Al5RA, Al5W, 3t
Al5RB, Al5WB
Al5RC, Al5WC 6t
Al6RD, Al6WD
Ch thch:
T : Chiu dy ca mu th (mm)

> 30
15
Hn
nh
Hnh 6/6.19 Vt th kim loi p (n v: mm)
V tr ly mu
th
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
112

Ch thch:
(1) c php hn bt mt sau i vi mi hn lin kt ch V mt pha.
(2) Trong trng hp lin kt vt mp ch V hai pha phi hn vi cng mt t th.
Hnh 6/6.20 Vt th mi hn gip mp c chiu dy t 10-12 (n v: mm)

1
0

~

1
2

70
> 350
Hn mt mt
1
0

~

1
2

70
0
70
0
Hn hai mt
3
5

3
0

3
0

3
5

3
0

3
0

Mu th cu trc t vi
> 350
Ct b
Mu th un chn
mi hn

Mu th un mt
mi hn
Mu th ko

>

3
5
0

Mu th un chn
mi hn

Mu th un mt
mi hn
Mu th ko
Ct b
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
113

Ch thch:
(1) c php hn bt mt sau
Hnh 6/6.21 Vt th mi hn gip mp c chiu dy t 20 - 25 (n v: mm)
6.8.9 Th cu trc t vi mi hn gip mp
1 Mu th cu trc t vi mi hn gip mp c ct theo quy nh trong Hnh 6/3.20 v Hnh
6/6.21 v mt mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt th. B mt mu th phi c
nguyn t vt mu th.
2 Mu th cu trc t vi phi c kim tra sao cho khng c cc khuyt tt c hi nh
khng ngu, nt, l rng hoc ngm tp cht.
1 Trong nhng ln kim tra hng nm, mi loi vt liu hn c ng kim cng nhn
phi c th theo -2 di y v kt qu th phi tha mn.
70
0
2
0

-

2
5

> 350
70
3
5

3
0

3
0

3
5

3
0

3
0

Mu th cu trc t vi
> 350
Ct b
Ct b
Mu th un chn
mi hn
Mu th un mt
mi hn
Mu th ko
Mu th ko

>

3
5
0

Mu th un chn
mi hn
Mu th un mt
mi hn

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
114
2 Cc dng th trong nhng ln kim tra hng nm phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu c
a ra Bng 6/6.57.
3 Quy trnh hn vt th v cc yu cu i vi vt th quy nh -2 trn phi ph hp vi
nhng quy nh t 6.8.5 n 6.8.9.
Bng 6/6.57 Kim tra hng nm vt liu hn hp kim nhm
Vt th Dng th
T th
hn
(mm)
Loi v s mu th
c ct ra t mi
vt th
Th kim loi p
(phn tch thnh
phn ha hc)
Hn bng 1 Hnh 6/6.19 - -
Mu th ko: 2
Mu th un mt: 2
Mu th un chn: 2

Th mi hn gip mp

Hn bng

1

Hnh 6/6.20

10 ~ 12
6.9 Vt liu hn cho thp c bn cao c ti v ram dng cho kt cu cng
trnh bin
6.9.1 Phm vi p dng
Th cng nhn v kim tra hng nm p dng cho vt liu hn thp c bn cao
c ti v ram dng cho kt cu (sau y gi tt l vt liu hn) nh nu (1) n (3)
di y phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh trong 6.9.
(1) Que hn dng cho hn h quang tay nh nu 6.2.1(1) v (2).
(2) Vt liu hn dng cho hn t ng nh nu 6.3.1-1(1) n (3). Tuy nhin trong
trng hp ny, v nguyn tc ch s dng cho k thut hn nhiu lp.
(3) Vt liu dng cho hn bn t ng.
6.9.2 Cp v k hiu ca vt liu hn
1 Cp v k hiu ca vt liu hn c phn thnh cc loi nh c a ra Bng 6/6.58
2 Vt liu hn c th t cc yu cu quy nh 6.9.3 s c b sung cc hu t
vo k hiu cp theo cch thc nh nu 6.2.2-2, 6.3.2-2, 6.3.2-3 hoc 6.4.2-2, ty thuc
vo cp ca vt liu hn.
3 Que hn hydro thp t yu cu sau khi th hydro quy nh 6.9.1 s c b sung cc
hu t vo k hiu cp nh nu ra Bng 6/6.63 (sau cc hu t nu mc -2 trn). (v
d: MW3Y46H5)
6.9.3 Th cng nhn
c cng nhn, cc th nghim nh nu 6.2.3, 6.3.3 hoc 6.4.3 phi c thc
hin cho mi loi vt liu hn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
115
Bng 6/6.58 Loi v cp ca vt liu hn
Vt liu hn cho thp c bn cao c ti v ram dng cho kt cu
Que hn cho hn h quang tay Vt liu hn cho hn bn t
ng
Vt liu hn cho hn t
ng
MW2Y42
MW2Y46
MW2Y50
MW2Y55
MW2Y62
MW2Y69
SW2Y42
SW2Y46
SW2Y50
SW2Y55
SW2Y62
SW2Y69
AW2Y42
AW2Y46
AW2Y50
AW2Y55
AW2Y62
AW2Y69
MW3Y42
MW3Y46
MW3Y50
MW3Y55
MW3Y62
MW3Y69
SW3Y42
SW3Y46
SW3Y50
SW3Y55
SW3Y62
SW3Y69
AW3Y42
AW3Y46
AW3Y50
AW3Y55
AW3Y62
AW3Y69
MW4Y42
MW4Y46
MW4Y50
MW4Y55
MW4Y62
MW4Y69
SW4Y42
SW4Y46
SW4Y50
SW4Y55
SW4Y62
SW4Y69
AW4Y42
AW4Y46
AW4Y50
AW4Y55
AW4Y62
AW4Y69
MW5Y42
MW5Y46
MW5Y50
MW5Y55
MW5Y62
MW5Y69
SW5Y42
SW5Y46
SW5Y50
SW5Y55
SW5Y62
SW5Y69
AW5Y42
AW5Y46
AW5Y50
AW5Y55
AW5Y62
AW5Y69
6.9.4 Yu cu chung i vi vic th
1 Cc loi th, s lng, chiu dy v kch c ca vt th, ng knh que hn hoc dy
hn s dng cho hn v t th hn, cng vi kiu v s lng mu th ly ra t mi vt
th i vi cc loi vt liu hn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.4, 6.3.4 hoc
6.4.4. Tuy nhin, mc (4) phn Ch thch ca Bng 6/6.2 v mc (3) phn Ch thch ca
Bng 6/6.22 khng cn phi tha mn. Cc yu cu i vi k thut hn nhiu lp phi
c p dng cho vt liu hn dng cho hn t ng.
2 Cp ca thp dng lm vt th phi l nh c cho Bng 6/6.59 tng ng vi cp
ca vt liu hn, hoc l loi tng ng c ng kim chp nhn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
116
Cp vt liu hn Cp thp dng lm vt th
(1)

MW2Y42~ 69
SW2Y42 ~ 69
AW2Y42 ~ 69
A43 ~ A70
MW3Y42~ 69
SW3Y42 ~ 69
AW3Y42~ - 69
A43 ~A70 hoc D43 ~ D70
MW4Y42 ~ 69
SW4Y42 ~ 69
AW4Y42 ~ 69
A43 ~A70, D43 ~D70 hoc E43 ~E70
MW5Y42~ 69
SW5Y42~ 69
AW5Y42~ 69
A43 ~A70, D43 ~D70, E43 ~E70 hoc F43 ~ F70
Ch thch:
(1) Ngoi cc yu cu trong bng ny, thp thng hoc thp c bn cao c th c s
dng lm vt th cho kim loi mi hn. Trong trng hp ny phi tin hnh hn p tng lp
mng mt cch thch ng.
6.9.5 Th t hn vt th
Th t hn vt th phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.5, 6.3.5 hoc 6.4.4, ty theo
cp vt liu hn.
1 Loi, s lng v phng php chn mu th ko kim loi p mi vt th phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.6-1, 6.3.6-1 hoc 6.4.6-1, ty thuc vo cp vt liu hn.
2 Gii hn bn ko, gii hn chy (hoc gii hn chy quy c) v gin di ca mi mu
th phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu Bng 6/6.60, ty thuc vo cp vt liu hn.
3 Cc quy nh trong mc 6.2.6-2 c th c p dng cho cc mu th ko.
6.9.7 Th va p kim loi p
1 Loi, s lng v phng php chn mu th va p kim loi p mi vt th phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.7-1, 6.3.7-1 hoc 6.4.7-1, ty thuc vo cp vt liu hn.
2 Nhit th v gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh nh nht phi ph hp vi Bng
6/6.60, ty thuc vo cp vt liu hn.
3 Cc yu cu nu 6.2.7-2 v -4 phi c p dng cho vic th ny.
1 Loi, s lng mu th ko ly t mi vt th phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.8-1,
6.3.8-1, hoc 6.4.8-1, ph thuc vo cp vt liu hn.
2 Gii hn bn ko ca mi mu th phi ph hp vi yu cu nu Bng 6/6.61, ty thuc
vo cp vt liu hn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
117
Bng 6/6.60 Yu cu i vi th kim loi p
Th ko Th va p
Cp vt liu hn
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
(1)
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
dn
di
tng
i (%)
Nhit
th
(
o
C)
Gi tr nng
lng hp th
trung bnh nh
nht (J)
MW2Y42, SW2Y42, AW2Y42 0
MW3Y42, SW3Y42, AW3Y42 -20
MW4Y42, SW4Y42, AW4Y42 -40
MW5Y42, SW5Y42, AW5Y42

530 ~ 680

> 420

> 20
-60
MW2Y46, SW2Y46, AW2Y46 0
MW3Y46, SW3Y46, AW3Y46 -20
MW4Y46, SW4Y46, AW4Y46 -40

570 ~ 720

> 460

> 18
-60

47
MW2Y50, SW2Y50, AW2Y50 0
MW3Y50, SW3Y50, AW3Y50 -20
MW4Y50, SW4Y50, AW4Y50 -40

610 ~ 770

> 500

> 17
-60

50
MW2Y55, SW2Y55, AW2Y55 0
MW3Y55, SW3Y55, AW3Y55 -20
MW4Y55, SW4Y55, AW4Y55 -40

670 ~ 830

> 550
-60

55
MW2Y62, SW2Y62, AW2Y62 0
MW3Y62, SW3Y62, AW3Y62 -20
MW4Y62, SW4Y62, AW4Y62 -40

720 ~ 890

> 620

> 16
-60

62
MW2Y69, SW2Y69, AW2Y69 0
MW3Y69, SW3Y69, AW3Y69 -20
MW4Y69, SW4Y69, AW4Y69 -40

770 ~ 940

> 690

> 15
-60

69
Ch thch:
(1) Gii hn bn ko nu trong bng c th c thay i, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
1 Loi, s lng mu th un mt v un chn ly t mi vt th phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu nu 6.2.9-1, 6.3.9-1 hoc 6.4.9-1, ph thuc vo cp vt liu hn.
2 Nhng mu th un phi c th un mt v un chn s dng chy p c bn knh nu
Bng 6/6.62. Sau khi un mu th n gc 1200 trn b mt ngoi ca mu phi khng
c vt rn nt di qu 3 mm hoc cc khuyt tt khc.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
118
Bng 6/6.61 Yu cu bn ko i vi mi hn gip mp
Cp vt liu hn Gii hn bn ko (N/mm)
> 530
> 570
> 610
> 670
> 720
> 770

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
119
Bng 6/6.62 Bn knh u chy p i vi th un mi hn gip mp
Cp vt liu hn Bn knh chy p
MW2Y42 - 50, SW2Y42 - 50, AW2Y42 -50
MW3Y42 - 50, SW3Y42 - 50, AW3Y42 -50
MW4Y42 - 50, SW4Y42 - 50, AW4Y42 -50
MW5Y42 - 50, SW5Y42 - 50, AW5Y42 -50
2,0 t
MW2Y55 - 69, SW2Y55 - 69, AW2Y55 -69
MW3Y55 - 69, SW3Y55 - 69, AW3Y55 -69
MW4Y55 - 69, SW4Y55 - 69, AW4Y55 -69
MW5Y55 - 69, SW5Y55 - 69, AW5Y55 -69
2,5 t
Ch thch:
t : Chiu dy mu th.
6.9.10 Th va p mi hn gip mp
1 Loi, s lng v phng php chn mu th ko kim loi mi hn mi vt th phi
ph hp vi cc yu cu nu 6.2.10-1, 6.3.10-1 hoc 6.4.10-1, ty thuc vo loi vt
liu hn.
2 Nhit th v gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh nh nht phi ph hp vi Bng
6/6.60, ty thuc vo loi vt liu hn.
3 Cc yu cu nu 6.2.7-2 v 6.2.7-4 phi c p dng cho vic th ny.
6.9.11 Kim tra hm lng hydro
1 Kim tra hm lng hydro phi c thc hin i vi cc loi vt liu hn, tr dy
hn dng cho hn h quang di lp kh bo v, bng phng php glyxrin, phng
php thy ngn, phng php sc kh hoc cc phng php khc, nu c ng
kim chp thun.
2 Th tch trung bnh ca hydro phi ph hp vi yu cu nu Bng 6/6.63, ty thuc vo
phng php kim tra nu -1 trn hoc loi hu t c b sung vo k hiu cp vt
liu.
6.9.12 Th kim tra cu trc t vi mi hn gc
Th kim tra cu trc t vi mi hn gc phi ph hp vi yu cu nu 6.2.12.
Th cng mi hn gc phi ph hp vi yu cu nu 6.2.13.
6.9.14 Th b gy mi hn gc
Th b gy mi hn gc phi ph hp vi yu cu nu 6.2.14.
Kim tra hng nm phi tun theo cc yu cu nu 6.2.15, 6.3.15 hoc 6.4.15, ty thuc
cp vt liu hn. Tuy nhin, kim tra hng nm i vi vt liu hn dng cho hn t ng
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phi ph hp vi cc yu cu i vi k thut hn nhiu lp.
6.9.16 Thay i cp vt liu hn
Vic thay i cp vt liu hn lin quan n bn hoc do ca cc vt liu hn
c ng kim cng nhn phi tha mn cc yu cu nu 6.2.16, 6.3.16 hoc 6.4.16,
ty thuc vo cp ca vt liu hn.
Bng 6/6.63 Yu cu i vi hm lng hydro
Yu cu i vi hm lng hydro (cm
3
/g)
Cp vt liu hn Hu t
Phng php
glyxrin
Phng php
thy ngn
Phng php
sc kh
MW2Y42 - 50
MW3Y42 - 50
MW4Y42 - 50
MW5Y42 - 50
SW2Y42 - 50
SW3Y42 - 50
SW4Y42 - 50
SW5Y42 - 50
AW2Y42 - 50
AW3Y42 - 50
AW4Y42 - 50
AW5Y42 - 50
H10 s 0,05 s 0,10 s 0,10
MW2Y55 - 69
MW3Y55 - 69
MW4Y55 - 69
MW5Y55 - 69
SW2Y55 - 69
SW3Y55 - 69
SW4Y55 - 69
SW5Y55 - 69
AW2Y55 - 69
AW3Y55 - 69
AW4Y55 - 69
AW5Y55 - 69
H15 - s 0,05 s 0,05


121

QUY PHAM PHN CP V NG TU BIN V THP
PHN 7A VT LIU
Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea -going Steel Ships

Part 7A Materials
CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Quy nh chung
1.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ca Phn ny c p dng cho vt liu dng ch to cc kt cu
hoc cc chi tit quy nh trong cc phn kt cu thn tu, trang thit b v h thng my
tu.
2 Vt liu c c tnh khc so vi cc quy nh ca Phn ny c th c php s dng,
nu cc s liu thit k chi tit, quy trnh ch to v ng dng ca cc vt liu c
ng kim chp thun. Trong trng hp ny, cc s liu chi tit v quy trnh ch to,
thnh phn ha hc, tnh cht c hc, v.v..., ca vt liu phi c trnh cho ng kim
duyt.
1.2 Quy trnh ch to v ph duyt vt liu
1.2.1 Quy trnh ch to
1 Nu ng kim khng c quy nh no khc, vt liu quy nh trong Phn ny phi c
ch to ti cc nh my c ng kim chp nhn v c quy trnh ch to vt liu
c ng kim ph duyt. Vt liu thp quy nh trong Phn ny phi c luyn trong
l thi xy, l in hoc theo nhng quy trnh c bit c ng kim duyt.
2 Nhng vt liu s ch nh vt liu dng thi, tm hoc phi cung cp cho cc nh my
sn xut khc phi tun theo quy nh -1 trn mt cch thch hp.
3 Cc vt liu khc vi cc quy nh trong phn ny phi ph hp vi cc yu cu nh quy
nh -1 trn, nu ng kim xt thy cn thit.
1.2 2 Duyt quy trnh ch to
1 Vic ph duyt quy trnh ch to quy nh trong 1.2.1 phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca
ng kim.
2 Cc chng trnh cn lp trnh phi c ng kim xem xt, nu vt liu c cn c
kim sot (CR) v cn c kim sot c nhit (TM) c hoc khng thc hin vic tng tc
lm ngui (AcC).
1.3 Kim sot qu trnh ch to vt liu
1.3.1 Thc hin vic kim sot qu trnh ch to
1 Nh ch to phi c trch nhim m bo rng quy trnh ch to l c hiu lc v vic
kim sot qu trnh sn xut c tun th mt cch nghim ngt. Nh ch to phi tuyt
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i tun th cc yu cu sau:
(1) Nu vic kim sot sai xy ra v hoc tn ti cc sn phm khng t cht lng,
nh ch to phi xc nh nguyn nhn v thit lp phng php trnh s ti din.
ng thi phi hon thnh bo co tm tt vic ny cho ng kim. Trong trng
hp ny, mi phn khng t phi c th v kim tra theo yu cu ca ng kim.
(2) Nu cn c kim sot (CR) v cn c kim sot c nhit (TM) c hoc khng thc
hin vic tng tc lm ngui (AcC), nh ch to phi kim sot thch ng cc
chng trnh cn c lp trnh ph hp vi iu kin ph duyt v phi xem xt
hiu lc ca vic kim sot thng qua vic iu tra cc bo co ca qu trnh cn
thc t.
2 Nh ch to phi a ra cc tiu chun nh gi ph hp nhn bit cc vt liu dng
thi, tm, vt c, vt rn v cc chi tit hon thin, v.v..., m cc vt liu c th phi
c xc nh trong cc qu trnh c th nh nng chy, cn, rn, nhit luyn, v.v..., ti tt
c cc cng on trong qu trnh ch to.
1.3.2 Thm tra vic kim sot
1 Nu ng kim xt thy cn thit hoc quy nh trong 1.3.1-1(1) c bo co, vic thm
tra phi c thc hin chng t rng quy trnh ph duyt c tun th mt cch
cht ch v vic kim sot qu trnh ch to l c hiu qu. Trong trng hp ny nh ch
to phi cung cp cho ng kim tt c cc phng tin cn thit v to mi iu kin
ng kim c th n c tt c cc ni sn xut ca nh my.
2 Nu ng kim pht hin thy c s sai lch ca vic kim sot trong qu trnh thm tra
nh quy nh -1 trn, ng kim c th yu cu nh ch to cung cp mt bn bo co
iu tra v nguyn nhn chnh ca s sai lch v yu cu gia tng tn s thc hin vic
th v kim tra.
1.4 Th v kim tra
1.4.1 Tin hnh th v kim tra
1 Nu khng c quy nh no khc, vt liu quy nh trong phn ny phi c th v kim
tra di s chng kin ca ng kim ti cc nh my trc khi chuyn hng i. Vic
th v kim tra phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh t Chng 3 n Chng 8
Phn ny.
2 Nh ch to phi trnh cc ti liu sau cho ng kim trc khi th v kim tra vt liu:
(1) Cc tnh nng k thut ca vt liu (bao gm c cc yu cu c bit, v.v...)
(2) Chng ch vt liu, m trong chng ch a ra tn ca Nh ch to cung cp vt liu
s ch, m nu, c v cc qu trnh ch to khc, s m c v thnh phn ha hc
(phn tch mi gu c) (ch trong trng hp khi cc vt liu s ch dng thi, tm
hoc phi khng c ch to ti Nh my m n c cn, ko hoc rn).
3 Thnh phn ha hc phi c phn tch ti phng th nghim c trang thit b v c cn
b chuyn mn thch hp. My s dng cho vic th c tnh ca vt liu phi c chng ch
cn hiu lc, do ng kim hoc cc t chc khc c ng kim cng nhn cp hoc
ph hp vi cc tiu chun khc nu tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
4 ng kim c th min vic th v kim tra i vi cc vt liu c Giy chng nhn ph hp.
5 ng kim c th khng tham gia nhng cng on nht nh kim tra v th vt liu
nu xt thy cht lng vt liu v h thng kim tra cht lng ca Nh ch to tha
mn yu cu ca ng kim.
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1.4.2 Tiu chun th v kim tra
1 Cc vt liu phi ph hp vi cc yu cu t Chng 3 ti Chng 8 Phn ny.
2 Thnh phn ha hc ca vt liu c phn tch trn cc mu ly t mi m luyn. ng
kim c th yu cu kim tra li kt qu phn tch, nu cn thit.
3 Cc vt liu khc vi quy nh ca phn ny phi c th v kim tra theo yu cu k
thut hoc tiu chun c ng kim duyt.
4 Ty theo iu kin lm vic d kin ca vt liu, ng kim c th yu cu th cc iu
kin khc nhau hoc cc kiu th khc nhau.
1.4.3 Cht lng v sa cha khuyt tt
1 Tt c vt liu phi khng c cc khuyt tt c hi. Khng c sa cha khuyt tt tr
khi mc v phng php sa cha (k c quy trnh hn v quy trnh x l nhit)
c ng kim duyt.
2 Trong qu trnh s dng, bt k vt liu no c trng thi k thut khng tha mn v nu
ng kim thy cn thit th phi c loi b, cho d vt liu c ng kim cp
Giy chng nhn th v kim tra.
1.4.4 Th b sung trc khi loi b
1 Trong bt k cuc th tnh cht c hc no, tr th dai va p, nu mt phn kt qu
th khng t yu cu, nhng nhng phn khc u tha mn, th hai mu th b sung c
th c ct ra t cng vt liu ly mu th th li. Trong trng hp th li nh
vy, tt c cc mu th phi tha mn yu cu Quy chun.
2 Nu kt qu th dai va p khng t yu cu, th phi tin hnh th b sung theo quy
nh ca tng chng.
3 Nu vt liu c nhit luyn khng t yu cu th cho php th li sau khi nhit
luyn li. Nu ton b cc cuc th li u khng tha mn yu cu th vt liu c
coi l khng tha mn.
4 Khi th ko, nu gin di ca mt mu bt k nh hn quy nh v c xut hin bt k
vt nt no nm ngoi phm vi 1/4 chiu di o, tnh t trung im chiu di , th mu
th c coi l khng t, v cho php tin hnh th b sung bng mt mu khc ly t
cng vt liu ct ly mu th.
1.5 ng du mc thp v giy chng nhn th
1.5.1 ng du mc thp
1 Tt c cc vt liu tha mn yu cu u phi c ng du "VR", k c nhng du v
cp ca vt liu, nu ng kim thy ph hp v Nh ch to phi ng mc km cc c
trng sau y vo t nht mt v tr ca vt liu.
(1) Tn hoc mc ca Nh my ch to;
(2) S hoc k hiu ca sn phm;
(3) Tn, s hiu ca n t hng hoc k hiu ca ngi mua (nu ngi mua yu cu).
2 Nu khng th ng c du chm vo vt liu th c th ng nhn, ng du nim
phong hoc bng phng php thch hp khc.
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3 Nu vt liu c kch thc qu nh khng th ng du chm, ng nhn hoc ng
du nim phong nh quy nh -1 v -2 trn th c th c ng gp vo mt ming
nhn hiu.
1.5.2 Giy chng nhn th vt liu
1 Nu cc vt liu thp cn t c yu cu v th v kim tra theo quy nh i vi mi
loi vt liu th Nh ch to phi trnh Giy chng nhn th vt liu cho ng kim k. Tuy
nhin c th s dng phng php khc thay cho ch k ca ng kim nu ng kim
thy ph hp.
2 Giy chng nhn th vt liu quy nh -1 trn, ngoi kch thc, khi lng, v.v... ca
thp, cn phi ghi t nht cc mc t (1) n (9) sau y:
(1) S hiu n t hng v tn tu dng vt liu , nu c;
(2) S hiu hoc nhn hiu;
(3) Nhn hiu Nh my ch to;
(4) K hiu cp ca vt liu;
(5) Thnh phn ha hc (phn tch gu mc v thnh phn cc nguyn t c quy nh
theo yu cu v b sung khi cn thit).
(6) Hm lng cc bon tng ng (C
eq
) hoc cm nhn nt ngui (cold cracking
susceptibility) (P
cm
) c xc nh theo cng thc sau (ch p dng cho nhng trng
hp quy nh trong Phn ny):
Mn Cr Mo V Ni Cu
C C (%)
eq
6 5 15
+ + +
= + + +

Si Mn Cu Ni Cr Mo V
P C 5B (%)
cm
30 20 20 60 20 15 10
= + + + + + + + +
(7) Kt qu th tnh cht c hc;
(8) Phng php nhit luyn (th d: thng ha hoc cn c kim sot, tr cn ngui);
(9) Phi ghi r quy trnh kh xy (ch i vi thp si).
3 Nh ch to phi ghi vo Giy chng nhn vt liu kt qu ca qu trnh sn xut
chng t rng vt liu thp c ch to theo ng quy trnh c duyt, kt
qu ny phi c cn b kim sot hoc cn b kim tra cht lng sn phm ca
nh my ch to k xc nhn. Tuy nhin c th s dng phng php khc thay cho
ch k ca cn b kim sot hoc cn b kim tra cht lng sn phm, nu ng
kim thy ph hp.
(Th d: Chng ti chng nhn rng vt liu c ch to theo ng quy trnh duyt
v tin hnh th tha mn cc yu cu ca ng kim Vit Nam).
4 Nhng quy nh t -1 n -3 trn phi c p dng cho cc loi vt liu a ra trong
Phn ny, tr vt liu thp cn.
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CHNG 2 MU TH V QUY TRNH TH TNH CHT C HC

2.1 Quy nh chung
2.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Mu th v quy trnh th tnh cht c hc ca vt liu phi ph hp vi quy nh
Chng ny, tr khi c quy nh khc trong cc chng tip theo.
2 Nu s dng mu th v quy trnh th tnh cht c hc khc so vi yu cu ca Phn ny
th phi c ng kim chp nhn.
3 Mu th phi c ct ra t vt mu v c chn ph hp vi tng quy nh trong cc
chng tip theo
2.2 Mu th
2.2.1 Chun b mu th
1 Nu khng c quy nh khc hoc cha c ng kim chp nhn, vt mu ly mu
th khng c ct ra khi vt liu khi cha c ng kim ng du.
2 Nu vt mu c ct ra t vt liu bng m ct hi hoc bng my ct th phi li
lng d thch hp v lng d ny s c ct b khi gia cng ln cui.
3 Vic gia cng mu th phi c tin hnh sao cho mu th khng b nh hng nhiu
ca sc cng co dn do lnh hoc nng.
4 Nu bt k mu th no gia cng b hng hoc b khuyt tt c lin quan n tnh cht c
bn ca vt liu, th n b loi b v c thay bng mu th khc.
2.2.2 Mu th ko
1 Mu th ko phi c quy cch v kch thc nh quy nh Bng 7A/2.1. Hai u ca
mu th c th c gia cng sao cho c hnh dng ph hp vi u ngm ca my th.
2 Ngoi nhng mu a ra Bng 7A/2.1, Nh ch to c th dng nhng mu th
c ng kim duyt. Trong trng hp ny, gin di o ti ln th ko c iu
chnh theo cng thc sau:
b
A
n aE
L
| |
=
|
|
\ .

Trong :
n : gin di yu cu ca mu th;
E : gin di yu cu ca mu th t l vi mu th quy nh Bng 7A/2.1;
A : Din tch mt ct thc ca mu th;
L : Chiu di o thc ca mu th;
a v b : Hng s ph thuc vo loi vt liu c quy nh Bng 7A/2.2.
3 Sai s cho php (s khc nhau gia gi tr ln nht v nh nht) ti nhng phn song
song ca mu th gia cng phi theo quy nh Bng 7A/2.3.
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2.2.3 Mu th un
Ty theo loi vt liu, mu th un phi c quy cch v kch thc nh quy nh Bng
7A/2.4.
2.2.4 Mu th dai va p
1 Mt b mu th dai va p phi gm ba mu.
2 Mu th dai va p phi c quy cch v kch thc nh Hnh 7A/2.1 v Bng 7A/2.5.
Rnh kha phi c ct trn mt phng vung gc vi mt cn ca mu th.
Bng 7A/2.1 Quy cch v kch thc mu th ko
(n v: mm)
Loi Quy cch mu th Kch thc Vt liu th

U14A

L =70, d =14, P =80, R > 10
(i vi sn phm gang c
graphit cc hoc ta cu, R>20).
Ni chung ngi ta hay dng
mu trn. Tuy nhin cng c th
dng mu c kch thc sau
y:
L =5d, P ~ L +0,5d, R > 10
(i vi sn phm gang c
graphit cc hoc ta cu, R>20)
Thp cn (Chng 3)
ng thp (Chng 4)
Thp c v cc sn phm
gang c graphit cc hoc
ta cu
(Chng 5)
Thp rn (Chng 6)
Hp kim ng (Chng 7)
Hp kim nhm (Chng 8)
L =5,65 A , a =t, W
>
12
P ~ L +2W, R
>
25

ng thp (Chng 4)
ng ng (Chng 7) U14B

L =5,65 A , a =t, W =25
P ~ L +2 A , R > 25
U1 L =200, a =t, W =25
P ~ 220, R > 25
Thp cn c chiu dy t 3
mm tr ln (Chng 3)
Hp kim nhm (Chng 8)
U13B

L =50, a =t, W =12,5
P ~ 75, R > 25
Thp cn c chiu dy t
3,0mm nh hn (Chng
3)

U14C

L =5,65 A , P ~ L +0,5D
Trong P l khong cch gia
hai u ngm kp

ng thp (Chng 4)
ng ng (Chng 7)

U8
d =20, R =25
Mu th phi c ct ra t vt
mu, c ng knh 30 mm
c c ring
Vt c gang xm
(Chng 5)
Ch thch:
(1) Cc k hiu sau y c s dng:
d : ng knh
a : Chiu dy
P : Chiu di phn hnh tr
A : Din tch mt ct ngang
R : Bn knh gc ln
D : ng knh ngoi ca ng
W : Chiu rng
L : Chiu di o (nn t 20mm tr ln)
t : Chiu dy vt liu

R
d
L
P
A
L
A
D
P
R
d
A
R
L
P
a
W

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(2) Mu th c gi l mu th t l khi L = 5d hoc 5,65 A . Chiu di o c th lm trn n
5mm gn nht vi iu kin s khc nhau gia chiu di ny vi L phi nh hn 10% ca L.
(3) Tr hp kim nhm c chiu dy 12,5 mm.

Bng 7A/2.2 Gi tr ca a v b
Hng s
Vt liu
a b
Vt liu loi I 2,0 0,40
Vt liu loi II 2,6 0,55
Ch thch:
(1) Vt liu loi I: Thp cc bon v thp hp kim thp c gii hn bn ko khng qu
600N/mm
2
trng thi cn nng, , thng ha hoc thng ha v ram.
(2) Vt liu loi II: Thp cc bon v thp hp kim thp trng thi ti v ram.
(3) Gi tr a v b cho cc loi vt liu khng thuc loi I v II phi do ng kim quy nh.
Bng 7A/2.3 Sai s cho php
Sai s cho php (mm) ng knh mu th, nu gia cng
c mt ct trn, hoc chiu dy v
chiu rng, nu gia cng c mt
ct hnh ch nht (mm)
Trng hp mt ct trn Trng hp mt ct ch nht
Ln hn 3 n 6
Ln hn 6 n 16
Trn 16
s 0,03
s 0,04
s 0,05
s 0,06
s 0,08
s 0,10
3 V tr ca rnh kha khng c nm pha trong phm vi 25 mm k t mp ct bng my
ct hoc mp ct bng m ct hi.
4 Nu mu th dai va p loi U4 c quy cch quy nh -2 trn khng th lm c do
dy vt liu th chiu rng (W) ca mu th c th c gim xung theo quy nh
(1) hoc (2) di y, ty theo chiu dy ca vt liu.
(1) Xem Bng 7A/2.6 cho vt liu thp cn.
(2) Xem Bng 7A/2.7 cho vt liu ng thp.
R

R
W
D
S W
L
Tm ca rnh kha
T
Hnh 7A/2.1 Mu th dai va p
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Bng 7A/2.4 Quy cch v kch thc mu th un
(n v: mm)
Loi Quy cch mu th Kch thc mu th (1) Vt liu th

U1A
a =t
W =30
r =1 2

(2)

U1B

a =20
W =25
r =1 2

ng thp ni hi (Chng 4)

U2

a =d
Nu ng knh hoc
chiu dy vt liu ln
hn 35 mm, mu c th
c gia cng c mt
ct trn ng knh
khng qu 35 mm

(2)

Ch thch:
Cc k hiu sau y c s dng:
(1) a : Chiu dy, ng knh hoc chiu rng ca mu th;
r : Bn knh mp ln ca mu th;
W : Chiu rng ca mu th;
d : ng knh hoc chiu rng ca thanh th;
D : ng knh ca trc;
t : Chiu dy ca vt liu.
(2) Vt liu ng kim cho l cn thit.
2.2.5 Xc nhn mu th
Trc khi tin hnh th, phi kim tra v xem xt k quy cch v kch thc ca cc mu
th bng cc dng c thch hp.
2.3 Quy trnh th tnh cht c hc
2.3.1 Th ko
1 Trong qu trnh ko, gi tr gii hn chy phi c o ti tr s cc i u tin.
2 Nu khng xc nh r c gii hn chy, th gii hn chy quy c (proof stress) l gi
tr tng ng ti 0,2% dn di c nh.
3 Nu o theo gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy c khi th ko th vic th phi
c tin hnh vi cng ng sut n hi, 2 ~ 20N/mm
2
/s i vi vt liu c m
un n hi dc 150.000N/mm
2
v, 6 ~ 60N/mm
2
/s i vi vt liu c m un n hi
dc >150.000N/mm
2
.
11a hoc
9a +D
a
D
W
a
r (Mt ko)
a
a
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Bng 7A/2.5 Kch thc ca mu th dai va p
Loi mu th
Kch thc mu th U4
Mu th c rnh kha hnh
ch V su 2 mm
Chiu di (mm) L 55 0,6
Chiu rng (mm) W 10 0,11
Chiu dy (mm) T 10 0,06
Gc ca rnh kha () u 45 2
Chiu su rnh kha (mm) D 8 0,06
Bn knh y ca rnh kha (mm) R 0,25 0,025
Khong cch t rnh kha n u mu th
(mm)
S 27,5 0,42
Gc gia mt phng i xng ca rnh kha v
ng tm dc ca mu th ()
90 2
Vt liu th Tt c cc loi vt liu
Bng 7A/2.6 Chiu rng mu th c c nh hn quy nh (i vi thp cn tm)
Chiu dy tm t (mm) Chiu rng mu th dai va p W (mm)
t < 6
(1)

6 s t < 8,5 5 0,06
8,5 s t < 11 7,5 0,11
Ch thch:
(1) C th khng cn th dai va p.
Bng 7A/2.7 Chiu rng mu th c c nh hn quy nh (i vi ng thp)
Chiu dy thnh ng (1) c (mm) Chiu rng mu th dai va p W (mm)
c < 5
( 2 )

5 s c < 7,5 5 0,06
7,5 s c < 10 7,5 0,11

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Ch thch:
(1) Chiu dy thnh ng c c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
d d b
c at 1
2

=
a v b : Hng s xc nh theo loi ng thp v ti v tr ly mu th. Xem Bng 7A/2.8.
t : Chiu dy danh ngha ca ng thp (mm).
d : ng knh ngoi ca ng thp (mm).
(2) C th khng cn th dai va p
Bng 7A/2.8 Gi tr ca a v b
Hng s
Loi v v tr chn
a b
ng thp lin, lm vic trng thi nng 0,875 100
ng thp lin, lm vic trng thi lnh 0,9 100
ng thp hn in tr Phn kim loi gc 0,9 100
Phn hn 0,9 3025
4 i vi vt liu c tnh n hi, tc ca my th ko khng c vt qu tc
tng ng vi sc cng khi ti trng t gi tr ln nht bng 0,8%/s. i vi vt liu gin
nh gang, cng ng sut n hi khng c vt qu 10 N/mm
2
/s.
2.3.2 Th dai va p
1 Th dai va p ca vt liu phi c tin hnh trn my th dai va p Charpy c
cng sut khng nh hn 150J v tc va p t 4,5 n 6 m/s vi nhit mu th
c kim sot trong khong 2
o
C ca nhit quy nh.
2 Nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu ca mu th c kch thc nh hn quy nh phi
l tr s (ly bng 1,0 nu phn thp phn t 0,50 tr ln v b qua nu nh hn 0,50) tnh
bng tch s ca gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu ca mu th dai va p
U4 nhn vi h s Bng 7A/2.9, ty thuc vo chiu rng ca mu th.
Bng 7A/2.9 H s nhn vi nng lng hp th i vi mu th U4
Chiu rng ca mu th dai va p W (mm) H s
7,5 5/6
5 2/3

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CHNG 3 THP CN

3.1 Thp cn dng ng thn tu
3.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh Chng ny c p dng cho cc loi thp cn dng ng
thn tu (sau y trong 3.1 gi l thp) c chiu dy khng qu 50 mm.
2 Thp c chiu dy ln hn 50mm n 100mm u phi ph hp vi cc yu cu 3.10.
i vi thp c chiu dy ln hn 100mm phi tun theo cc yu cu b sung ca
ng kim.
3 Thp c nhng c tnh khc so vi quy nh 3.1 phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh
1.1.1-2.
3.1.2 Phn loi thp
Thp c phn thnh 16 cp nh a ra Bng 7A/3.1.
3.1.3 Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca thp
1 Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca mi loi thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh
Bng 7A/3.1. Nu qu trnh kim sot c nhit (vic nhit luyn da vo qu trnh cn c
kim sot c ng kim chp nhn, (sau y k hiu l "TMCP") c coi nh l khu
nhit luyn, th thnh phn ha hc ca thp c th c thay i, vi iu kin c
ng kim chp thun.
2 Trong trng hp c bit, ng kim c th yu cu trnh duyt cm nhn nt ngui
ca thp.
3.1.4 Nhit luyn
Vic nhit luyn mi cp thp phi tha mn vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.3.
3.1.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.4.
3.1.6 Chn vt mu
1 i vi vt mu dng ct mu th ko phi c ly trong mt l thp c khi lng
khng c ln hn 50 tn (nu s lng cc sn phm thp c chiu dy hoc ng
knh nh hn 10 mm, khi chng cng m c v cng quy trnh ch to), tr trng hp
c ng kim chp nhn c bit. Vt mu ny s c chn t sn phm thp c
chiu dy hoc ng knh ln nht trong mi l thp.
2 Nu khng c quy nh no khc hoc c ng kim chp thun, vt mu dng ct
mu th dai va p phi l b vt mu c chiu dy ln nht c chn mi l thp,
xem Bng 7A/3.6, ty theo cht kh xy, loi sn phm v phng php nhit luyn.
3 Vt mu phi c nhit luyn cng vi l thp c ly vt mu theo cng mt phng
php v khng c ct ra khi vt liu cho n lc nhit luyn xong.

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Bng 7A/3.1 Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc
Cp Kh Thnh phn ha hc (%)(1)
L
o
i

t
h
p

thp xy C Si M
n
P S C
u
C
r
N
i
M
o
Al
(8)
N
b
V T
i
N
Hm
lng
cc
bon
tng
ng
(%)
A
(4) (5)
s 0,21
s 0,50
(4)
> 2,5C

B
Bt k
phng
php
no tr
si
(4)
s 0,21

s 0,35
(4) (6)
> 0,80

s 0,035

s 0,035

D
Lng
(2)

hoc
lng v
x l ht
mn
(3)

(4)
s 0,21

s 0,35
(4)
> 0,60

(3) (11)
> 0,015

T
h
p

t
h
n
g

E
Lng
v x
l ht
mn
(3)

(4)
s 0,18

s 0,35
(4)
> 0,70

(11)
> 0,015

A32 -
(13)

D32
E32
(7)

A36 0,90
(9) (10) (9)(10)

D36 s 0,18 s 0,50 s 0,035 s 0,035 s 0,40 s 0,08
(9)
0,02 0,05
(10)

E36
Lng v
x
1,60 s 0,35 s 0,20 > 0,015 s 0,20
A40
l ht
mn
0,05 0,10
D40

E40
F32

F36
s 0,16 s 0,025 s 0,025 s0,80
(12)
s 0,009

T
h
p

c
n

c
a
o

F40
Ch thch:
(1) Nu b sung nguyn t khc trong qu trnh luyn thp th phi ghi r hm lng ny trong
giy chng nhn th vt liu.
(2) i vi thp c chiu dy n 25 mm, thp lng c th c chp nhn.
(3) i vi thp c chiu dy ln hn 25 mm, x l nhm c th c dng nh l quy trnh kh
ht xy v lm mn ht.
(4) Gi tr ca C +
MN
6
khng c vt qu 0,40%.
(5) i vi thp hnh, thnh phn cc bon c th tng n 0,23%.
(6) Khi tin hnh th dai va p hoc khi th thp cha khng t hn 0,1% Si, th thnh phn
ti thiu ca mangan c th gim xung n 0,60%.
(7) i vi thp c chiu dy ti 12,5 mm, thnh phn mangan ti thiu c th gim n 0,70%.
(8) Thnh phn nhm phi l thnh phn nhm axit ha tan, nhng c th c xc nh bng
tng lng nhm. Trong trng hp ny, tng lng nhm khng c nh hn 0,020%.
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(9) Thp phi c cha nhm, niobium, vanadium hoc nhng nguyn t lm mn ht khc, di
hnh thc n nguyn t hoc kt hp. Nu l n nguyn t, th thp phi c cha thnh
phn nguyn t lm mn ht mc ti thiu theo quy nh. Nu kt hp nhiu nguyn t th
khng cn xc nh thnh phn ti thiu mi loi nguyn t ny.
(10) Tng thnh phn titanium, vanadium v niobium khng c nhiu hn 0,12%.
(11) ng kim c th chp nhn nguyn t lm mn ht khng phi l nhm.
(12) Nu c Al, thnh phn ln nht ca N c th tng ln n 0,012%.
(13) Hm lng cc bon tng ng phi c ghi trong Giy chng nhn th vt liu. Nu
bt k cp no ca thp c bn cao thc hin iu kin cn c kim sot c nhit
(TMCP), hm lng cc bon tng ng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Bng 7A/3.2.
(14) i vi thp tun theo yu cu nu 3.11, thnh phn lu hunh S ln nht l 0.008%
gi tr c xc nh bi vic phn tch gu c.
Bng 7A/3.2 Hm lng cc bon tng ng i vi thp
c sn xut bng TMCP
Cp thp Lng cc bon tng ng (%)
(1)

A32, D32, E32, F32 s 0,36
A36, D36, E36, F36 s 0,38
A40, D40, E40, F40 s 0,40
Ch thch:
(1) Nh ch to thp v ngi ng tu c th tha thun vi nhau quy nh hm lng
cc bon cht ch hn trong tng trng hp c th.
4 Nu khng c quy nh no khc, vt mu phi c ly cc v tr trn tm thp (xem
Hnh 7A/3.1) theo yu cu t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Thp tm v thp thanh dt c chiu rng ln hn 600 mm:
Ly v tr khong 1/4 chiu rng, tnh t u mp ca tm hoc thanh dt
(2) Thp hnh v thp thanh dt c chiu rng bng v nh hn 600 mm:
Ly ti v tr khong 1/3 chiu rng (1/6 i vi thp ch H), tnh t u mp. Nu l
thp hnh ch U, thp gc, thp ch H, th vt mu c th c ly ti v tr khong 1/4
chiu cao bn thnh (1/6 i vi thp m), tnh t ng tm ca bn thnh.
(3) Thp thanh:
Vt mu phi c ct sao cho trc ca mi mu th c th nm gn v tr (a) v (b)
quy nh di y.
(a) Nu mt ct khng trn, th ti v tr khong 1/6 khong cch ln nht k t mp
ngoi.
(b) Nu mt ct trn, th ti v tr khong 1/3 bn knh k t mp ngoi.
Tuy nhin, nu kch thc mt ct ngang khng cho mt mu th tiu chun, th
khng phi p dng quy nh ny. Khi mu th ko c ct ra theo chiu di thch
hp ca mt sn phm c ng knh ln nht ca mt l.

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Bng 7A/3.3 Nhit luyn
(1)

Cp thp Kh xy dy t (mm) Nhit luyn(3)
A Bt k phng php no tr si t s 50
B

Bt k phng php no tr si t s 50 AR
(4)

Lng t s 25
t s 35 AR
(4)

D

Lng v x l ht mn
35 < t s 50 TMCP, N, CR
(5)

E Lng v x l ht mn t s 50 TCMP, N
(6)

Lng v x l ht mn t s 12,5 AR
(4)

A32 (c x l Nb v/hoc V)
(2)
12,5 < t s 50 TMCP, N, CR
(5)

A36 t s 20 AR
(4)

20 < t s 35 TMCP, N, CR
(7)

Lng v x l ht mn
(khng x l Nb v/hoc V)
(2)

35 < t s 50 TMCP, N, CR
(5)

Lng v x l ht mn t s 12,5 AR
(4)

D32 (c x l Nb v/hoc V)
(2)
12,5 < t s 50 TMCP, N, CR
(5)

D36 t s 20 AR
(4)

20 < t s 25 TMCP, N, CR
(7)

Lng v x l ht mn
(2)

25 < t s 50 TMCP, N, CR
(5)

E32
E36
Lng v x l ht mn t s 50 TMCP, N
(6)

A40 t s 12,5 AR
(4)

Lng v x l ht mn
12,5 < t s 50 TMCP, N, CR
D40 Lng v x l ht mn t s 50
E40 Lng v x l ht mn t s 50 TMCP, N, QT
F32
F36 Lng v x l ht mn t s 50 TMCP, N, QT
F40
Ch thch:
(1) iu kin nhit luyn ny v quy cch ca l ly mu th dai va p c tng kt
Bng 7A/3.6.
(2) Nb v/hoc V c ngha l b sung Nb v/hoc V n nguyn t hoc kt hp, khng cn lu
n hm lng quy nh nh nht lm mn ht (tham kho Bng 7A/3.1 ch thch (9)).
(3) Nhng k hiu sau y c dng ch trng thi nhit luyn (nhng k hiu ny c s
dng trong sut c Chng ny):
AR : Cn nng c lm ngui bng kh (As rolled).
CR : Cn c kim sot (Controlled Rolling)
N : Thng ha (Normalizing)
TMCP : Quy trnh kim sot c-nhit (Thermo - Mechanical Controlled Processing)
QT : Ti v ram (Quenching and Tempering)
(4) Cc trng thi nhit luyn CR, N hoc TMCP c th c chp nhn.
(5) Thp, tr thp tm (k c thp thanh dt c chiu rng 600 mm) c th c coi l cn
ngui, nu ng kim chp thun (sau y trong 3.1 gi l ARS).
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(6) Thp, tr thp tm (k c thp dt c chiu rng 600 mm) c th c x l theo ARS hoc
cn c kim sot nhit, nu ng kim chp thun, (sau y, trong 3.1 gi l CRS).
(7) Nhit luyn theo ARS c th c chp nhn.
Bng 7A/3.4 Tnh cht c hc
Th ko Th dai va p
(1)

gin di
(5)
L =5,65 A
Nhit th Nng lng hp th
trung bnh
(J )
(3)

Cp thp
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn
ko
(N/mm
2
)
(%) (
o
C) L T
A
B 0
(4)

D -20 > 27 > 20
E

> 235

400 490
(2)

> 22
-40
A32 0
(2)

D32 -20 > 31 > 22
E32 -40
F32

> 315

440 590

> 22
-60
A36 0
(2)

D36 -20 > 34 > 24
E36 -40
F36

> 355

490 620

> 21
-60
A40 0
D40 -20 > 41 > 27
E40 -40
F40

> 390

510 650

> 20
-60
Ch thch:
(1) L (hoc T) th hin rng ng tm dc ca mu th c t song song (hoc vung
gc) vi hng cn ln cui cng.
(2) Tham kho ch thch (1) Bng 7A/3.6.
(3) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong mt b mu th nh hn nng
lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu, hoc nu nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh
hn 70% gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu, th vic th c coi l khng
t.
(4) Ni chung, khng cn phi th dai va p i vi thp c chiu dy t 25 mm tr xung.
(5) gin di ti thiu ca mu th U1 phi tha mn nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.5.
3.1.7 Chn mu th
1 Trong mi trng hp, mu th phi c nhit luyn ring l so vi l sn phm.
2 Mu th ko phi c ly theo quy nh t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Mt mu th ko phi c ly ra t mt vt mu.
(2) ng tm dc ca mu th phi c ct vung gc vi hng cn ln cui cng.
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Tuy nhin, i vi thp hnh, thp thanh trn v thp dt c chiu rng khng ln hn
600 mm, hoc nu c ng kim chp thun, th ng tm dc ca mu th c
ly song song vi hng cn ln cui cng.
(3) Ni chung, s dng mu th dng dt ly ton b chiu dy ca sn phm. C th s
dng mu th trn khi chiu dy sn phm ln hn 40 mm (tr thp thanh trn) hoc
thp trn. Nu mu th ko c dng trn c ly t bt k loi sn phm thp no,
tr thp trn, th chng phi c ly ti v tr khong 1/4 chiu dy, tnh t mt ngoi.
Bng 7A/3.5 gin di ti thiu i vi mu th U1 (%)
Chiu dy t
(mm)
Cp thp
3sts5 5<ts10 10<ts15 15<ts20 20<ts25 25<ts30 30<ts40 40<ts50
A, B, D, E
A32, D32, E32, F32
14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A36, D36, E36, F36 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
A40, D40, E40, F40 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3 Mu th dai va p phi c ly theo quy nh t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Mi b mu th phi c ly t mt vt mu th.
(2) ng tm dc ca cc mu th phi c ct song song vi hng cn ln cui
cng (hng dc). Tuy nhin, nu ng kim thy cn thit, ng tm dc ca mu
th c th c ly vung gc vi hng cn ln cui cng (hng ngang).
(3) Khi chiu dy ca sn phm khng ln hn 40 mm, mu th phi c ct vi mp lui
vo 2 mm tnh t b mt cn. Khi chiu dy ca sn phm ln hn 40 mm th mu th
phi c ly ti v tr m ng tm ca n tng ng vi khong 1/4 chiu dy (1/6
ng knh nu l thp thanh trn) k t mt ngoi.
3.1.8 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc sn phm
1 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc sn phm l trch nhim ca Nh ch to thp.
2 Sai s m i vi chiu dy danh ngha ca thp tm phi tha mn quy nh Bng
7A/3.7.
3 Tt c nhng quy nh c lin quan n sai s m i vi chiu dy sn phm u phi
tha mn yu cu ca ng kim, tr sai s m i vi chiu dy danh ngha.
1 Thp phi khng b phn lp, phn on v khng ln tp cht. Thp thnh phm phi khng
c khuyt tt c bn trong ln trn b mt lm nh hng n cng dng ca thp.
2 Khuyt tt b mt c th c khc phc bng cch mi cc b, vi iu kin l chiu dy
ti bt c ch no ca sn phm thp cng khng c nh hn 93% chiu dy danh
ngha, trong mi trng hp, khng c mi su qu 3 mm. Nu khng c quy nh no
khc, vic mi khuyt tt phi c tin hnh di s chng kin ca ng kim vin.
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Bng 7A/3.6 Quy cch ca l thp ly mu th dai va p
Nhit luyn v quy cch l thp
(4) (6)
Chiu dy tm (mm)
0 12,5 20 25 30 35 40
50
Cp
thp

Kh xy
Dng
sn
phm
(3)

A Bt k phng php no tr si Tt c AR (-)
B Bt k phng php no tr si Tt c AR (50)
(5)

Lng Tt c AR (50)

Tm
TMCP (50),
N (50),
CR (50)
TMCP (50),
N (50), CR (50)

D Lng v x l ht mn

Loi khc
AR (50)
ARS (25)
Tm TMCP (P), N (P)
E Lng v x l ht mn
Loi khc TMCP (25), N (25), CRS (15)
Tm AR (50) TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50)
Lng v x l ht mn
(c x l Nb v/hoc V)
(2)

Loi khc TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50), ARS (25)
ARS (25)
Tm
TMCP (50), N (50), CRS (50)
A32
A36
(1)

Lng v x l ht mn
(2)

Loi khc
AR (50)
TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50), ARS (25)
Tm TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50)
Lng v x l ht mn
(c x l Nb v/hoc V)
(2)

Loi khc
AR (50)
TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50), ARS (25)
ARS (25)
Tm
TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50)
D32
D36
Lng v x l ht mn
(2)

Loi khc
AR (50)
TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50), ARS (25)
Tm TMCP (P), N (P), E32
E 36
Lng v x l ht mn
Loi khc TMCP (25), N (25),CRS (15), ARS (15)
A40 Lng v x l ht mn Tt c AR (50) TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50)
D40 Lng v x l ht mn Tt c TMCP (50), N (50), CR (50)
Tm TMCP (P), N (P), QT (P)
E40 Lng v x l ht mn
Loi khc TMCP (25), N (25), QT (25)
Tm TMCP (P), N (P), QT (P) F32
F36
F40

Lng v x l ht mn
Loi khc TMCP (25), N (25), QT (25)
Ch thch:
(1) i vi thp cp A32 v A36 c th cho php gim nh quy cch ca l vi iu kin phi
c ng kim xt duyt.
(2) Xem ch thch (2) trong Bng 7A/3.3.
(3) Thp tm gm c cc thanh dt c chiu rng bng v ln hn 600 mm.
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(4) Trong Bng ny, nhng "s" c t sau mi "k hiu" nhit luyn (Xem mc (3), (5) v (6)
ca Bng 7A/3.3) biu th khi lng ca mi l thp. V d (50), (25), (15) c ngha khi
lng l thp khng ln hn 50, 25 v 15 tn (thuc cng m, cng quy trnh) phi c coi
l mt l;
(P): c ngha l vt liu mt l thp c cn trc tip t mt m (thuc cng mt iu
kin x l nhit) phi c coi l mt l,
(PH): c ngha l vt liu mt l thp c cn trc tip t mt m v x l nhit ng thi
trong cng mt l luyn bao gm c l luyn lin tc phi c coi l mt l.
(-): c ngha l khng cn phi th dai va p.
(5) Xem (4) trong Bng 7A/3.4.
(6) Thp qua nhit luyn theo phng php TMCP, N, hoc CR thay cho phng php AR
(xem im ch thch (4) trong Bng 7A/3.3) phi c coi l tng ng vi thp trng
thi nhit luyn AR, c xt n n v c bn ca l thp.

Hnh 7A/3.1 Chn vt mu
Bng 7A/3.7 Xc nh kch thc
Sn phm
(1)
Sai s m (mm)
Thp tm Khng qu 0,3
(2)

Thp khc Do ng kim quy nh
Ch thch:
(1) Thp tm k c thanh dt c chiu rng khng nh hn 150 mm.
(2) Chiu dy phi c o ti v tr bt k cch mp t nht 10 mm.
Tuy nhin nhng ch lm b mt cc b do s cha hon ho (nh nh hng ca
phn ko dn) v vng b mi loi tr cc khuyt tt c th b qua.
(4) Thp m
1

3

1

6

1

2

(1) Tm v thanh dt
14
14
12
(2) Thp gc
14
12
1
3
2
3
(5) Dm ch H
14
14
1
6
1
3
12
(3) Ch U
14
14
12
1
3
2
3
(6) Thp thanh trn
1
3

1
2
2
3
2
1
14
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3 Cc khuyt tt trn b mt thp khng th x l bng phng php trn c th c c
hoc mi i v tin hnh hn p, nu c ng kim chp thun. Vic lm ny phi
c tin hnh di s chng kin ca ng kim v nu khng c quy nh no khc,
phi tha mn cc quy nh t (1) n (3) sau y:
(1) Sau khi ty khuyt tt v trc khi hn, chiu dy ca sn phm bt k ch no
cng khng c gim qu 20% chiu dy danh ngha.
(2) Vic hn phi c thc hin theo quy trnh hn c ng kim duyt. Th hn
v que hn dng hn p mt thp cng phi c ng kim cp Giy chng nhn.
ng hn p phi c mi nhn n chiu dy danh ngha.
(3) Sau khi mi xong, sn phm c th phi c thng ha hoc nhit luyn theo yu
cu ca ng kim.
1 Nu mu th ko sn phm c chn u tin khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh
th b sung tip hai mu th ko khc ly t sn phm . Nu c hai mu th b sung
ny u tha mn th sn phm c ly mu th v nhng sn phm khc trong cng l
thp c th c chp nhn.
2 Nu mt hoc c hai cuc th b sung ni trn khng t yu cu th sn phm c mu
th c ct ra s b loi b.
Tuy nhin, nhng sn phm cng l cn li c th c chp nhn, nu hai mu th c
ly t nhng sn phm cn li ca cng l theo cng phng php v tha mn cc yu
cu th.
3 Khi th dai va p khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th b sung bng mt b mu
th khc c ct ra t cng sn phm c mu th khng t, tr cc trng hp nu
(1) v (2) di y. Trong trng hp ny, tt c cc sn phm cng l c cc mu th
c ct ra, c th c chp nhn, vi iu kin: Nng lng hp th trung bnh ca 6
mu th, k c nhng mu b loi, khng c di mc nng lng hp th trung
bnh ti thiu theo quy nh, s lng mu th c nng lng thp hn mc trung bnh ti
thiu l nh hn hai, hoc s lng mu th c nng lng hp th nh hn 70% gi tr
yu cu l khng qu mt.
(1) Nng lng hp th ca tt c cc mu th di mc trung bnh ti thiu theo yu
cu.
(2) Nng lng hp th ca hai mu th nh hn 70% gi tr trung bnh ti thiu theo
yu cu.
4 Trong trng hp -3 (1) hoc -3 (2) hoc mu th c la chn u tin -3 b loi, c
th tin hnh th dai va p i vi cc mu th b sung c ct t hai sn phm
thp c chiu dy ln nht trong cng l. Trong trng hp ny, nu mi b mu th
tng ng t yu cu th cc sn phm c mu th c ct ra cng nh cc sn phm
khc cng l c th c chp nhn. Nu mt hoc c hai b mu th khng t th cc
sn phm cng l u b loi.
5 Khi cc mu th c dng th b sung nh ni trn, khng t yu cu th sn
phm c ly mu th phi b loi. Tuy nhin, ty theo la chn ca Nh ch to, nhng
sn phm cn li ca l c th c th ring, nu sn phm no t yu cu c th c
chp nhn.
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6 Ty theo yu cu ca Nh ch to, cc sn phm b loi, sau khi c nhit luyn hoc
nhit luyn li, c th c chuyn thnh cp thp khc thp hn v s c chp nhn,
nu tha mn cc yu cu th cho cp thp .
3.1.11 ng du
Thp tha mn nhng yu cu th phi c ng du nh quy nh 1.5.1.
3.2 Thp cn tm dng ch to ni hi
3.2.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ny c p dng cho thp tm dng ch to ni hi v bnh p lc
s dng nhit cao (sau y, trong 3.2 gi l "thp tm").
2 Thp tm c nhng c tnh khc so vi nhng quy nh 3.2, phi tha mn nhng quy
nh 1.1.1-2.
3.2.2 Cp thp
Thp tm dng ch to ni hi c phn thnh 5 cp theo Bng 7A/3.8.
Bng 7A/3.8 Cp ca thp tm
Cp thp Phm vi p dng
P42 Chiu dy khng qu 200 mm
PA46 Chiu dy khng qu 150 mm
PA49 Chiu dy khng qu 150 mm
Thnh phn ha hc ca thp tm phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/3.9.
3.2.4 Nhit luyn
1 Thp tm cp "P" c chiu dy bng 50 mm hoc nh hn, v thp tm cp "PA" c chiu
dy bng 38mm hoc nh hn phi c nhit luyn nh thp cn. Tuy nhin, chng c
th c nhit luyn theo yu cu trong trng hp c th.
2 Thp tm cp "P" c chiu dy ln hn 50 mm v thp cp "PA" c chiu dy ln hn
38 mm phi c thng ha t n mn thng thng ca ht hoc c nhit
luyn ng u ti mt nhit ti thi im un nng sao cho c th to ra tc dng
tng ng vi thng ha. V nguyn tc, Nh ch to phi tin hnh thng ha.
3 i vi thp tm c yu cu kh ng sut d sau khi hn hoc kh ng sut d theo
yu cu ca ngi mua mt hoc vi ln lin tc trong qu trnh gia cng, th ngay t u
phi ghi r yu cu ny trong n t hng. Nu trong n t hng khng ni r quy trnh
kh ng sut d, th phi nhit luyn cc mu th bng cch nung chng dn u t nhit
600
o
C n nhit 650
o
C v chng c gi nhit ny trong khong thi gian
theo t l c 25 mm chiu dy l mt gi. Sau c lm ngui xung n 300
o
C trong
l trc khi a thp ra khi l luyn v lm ngui t nhin trong mi trng kh quyn.
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Bng 7A/3.9 Thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp thp
Chiu dy
(mm) C

S
i
M
n
P S M
o

Dy n 25 mm

s 0,24
P42 Dy trn 25 mm n 50 mm

s 0,27 0,15 0,30

s 0,90

s 0,035

s 0,040
Dy trn 50 mm n 200 mm

s 0,30
Dy n 25 mm

s 0,28

s 0,31 0,15 0,30

s 0,90

s 0,035

s 0,040

s 0,33
Dy n 25 mm

s 0,31

s 0,33 0,15 0,30

s 0,90

s 0,035

s 0,040

s 0,35
Dy n 25 mm

s 0,18
PA46 Dy trn 25 mm n 50 mm

s 0,21 0,15 0,30

s 0,90

s 0,035

s 0,040 0,45 0,60

s 0,23

s 0,25
Dy n 25 mm

s 0,20
PA49 Dy trn 25 mm n 50 mm

s 0,23 0,15 0,30

s 0,90

s 0,035

s 0,040 0,45 0,60

s 0,25

s 0,27
Ch thch:
(1) i vi cp thp P46 c chiu dy bng v ln hn 25 mm thnh phn C c th l 0,3%
hoc t hn, thnh phn Mn c th tng n 1,00%.
(2) i vi cp thp P49, thnh phn cc bon c th l 0,3% hoc t hn, thnh phn Mn c
th tng n 1,15%.

3.2.5 Tnh cht c hc
Thp tm phi c tnh cht c hc nh quy nh Bng 7A/3.10.
3.2.6 Chn vt mu
1 i vi thp tm khng phi nhit luyn, vt mu phi c ct t mi tm thp khi cn
trc tip t mt phi tm hoc phi thi. i vi cc tm phi qua nhit luyn th vt
mu phi c ct ra t tm nhit luyn tng t khi cn trc tip t phi tm hoc
phi thi.
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2 Nu thp tm nh quy nh -1 trn c yu cu kh ng sut d nh quy nh 3.2.4-3,
th vt mu th cng phi c nhit luyn ph hp vi mc ch s dng .
3 Vt mu phi c ct ra ti v tr khong 1/4 ca chiu rng k t mp ngoi ca sn phm.
Cp thp Gii hn chy
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L 5,65 A) =
P42 > 225 410 550 > 24
P46 > 245 450 590 > 22
P49 > 265 480 620 > 20
PA46 > 255 450 590 > 23
PA49 > 275 480 620 > 21
Ch thch:
i vi thp tm c chiu dy ln hn 90 mm, gin di c th c gim xung so vi quy
nh trong Bng theo t l l 0,5% cho mi tng chiu dy 12,5 mm hoc cho phn tng
chiu dy qu 90 mm. Tuy nhin, gi tr gim ny khng c vt qu 3%.
3.2.7 Chn mu th
Mu th ko phi c ct theo quy nh t (1) n (3) di y.
(1) Mi mu th phi c ct t mt vt mu.
(2) ng tm dc ca mu th phi c ct vung gc vi hng cn ln cui cng.
(3) Nu mu th c dng trn th phi ct ti v tr khong 1/4 chiu dy k t b mt
ngoi.
3.2.8 Dung sai chiu dy
Dung sai m i vi chiu dy danh ngha ca thp tm cho php n 0,25 mm.
C th tin hnh th b sung cc mu th theo quy nh 1.4.4, nu th cc mu th ko
u tin c chn khng tha mn yu cu.
3.2.10 ng du cho thp tm c chp nhn
1 Thp tm tha mn nhng quy nh th phi c ng du, ghi r trng thi nhit
luyn cng nh cc yu cu khc 1.5.1.
2 Cc k hiu th hin yu cu nhit luyn -1 trn c ghi nh sau:
Nu thp tm c thng ha: N
Nu thp tm c nhit luyn kh ng sut d tng ng vi yu cu s dng:
SR

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3.3 Thp cn tm dng ch to bnh p lc
3.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu ny c p dng cho thp cn dng tm dng ch to bnh p lc lm
vic mi trng nhit kh quyn (sau y, trong 3.3 gi l thp tm).
2 Thp tm c nhng c tnh khc vi yu cu 3.3, phi ph hp vi quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3.3.2 Cp thp
Thp tm dng ch to bnh p lc c chia thnh 6 cp nh Bng 7A/3.11.
Bng 7A/3.11 Cp ca thp tm
Cp thp Phm vi p dng
PV24 Chiu dy khng qu 200 mm
1 Thnh phn ha hc ca thp tm phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu Bng 7A/ 3.12.
Ngoi cc nguyn t c cho trong Bng c th c b sung cc nguyn t ha hc
khc, nu thy cn thit.
2 Cho d c yu cu -1 trn, khi vic nhit luyn c thc hin ph hp vi qu trnh
cn c kim sot c nhit (TMCP) th thnh phn ha hc ca thp quy nh trong Bng
7A/3.12 c th c thay i nu c ng kim duyt.
3.3.4 Nhit luyn
1 Thp tm cp PV24, PV32 v PV36 phi c nhit luyn nh thp cn. Tuy nhin, chng
c th c cn c kim sot c nhit hoc nhit luyn thch hp khi c yu cu trong
trng hp c th, nu cn.
2 Thp tm cp PV42 phi c cn c kim sot c nhit. Nhng chng c th c
thng ha hoc ti v ram nu c ng kim duyt. Thp tm c cn c kim sot
c nhit c th c ch to c dy ti 100 mm.
3 Thp tm cp PV46 v PV50 phi c ti v ram. Ngoi ra chng cng c th c
thng ha hoc cn c kim sot c nhit nu c ng kim duyt.
4 Nu thp tm c thng ha, ti v ram, thng thng l trch nhim ca Nh
ch to.
5 Phi thc hin cc yu cu 3.2.4-3 cho thp tm c yu cu kh ng sut d sau khi
hn hoc kh ng sut d theo yu cu ca ngi mua trong qu trnh gia cng.
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3.3.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca thp tm phi ph hp vi quy nh trong Bng 7A/3.13.
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Hm lng cc bon
tng ng (%)
Cp
thp
C S
i
M
n
P S Dy n
50 mm
Dy trn 50
n 75 mm
Dy n 100 mm : s 0,18
PV24
Dy trn 100 mm : s 0,20
0,15 0,35 s 0,14

PV32 s 0,18 0,15 0,55 s 0,03 s 0,03
PV36 s 0,20 0,15 0,55
PV42 s 0,18 0,15 0,75
PV46 s 0,18 0,15 0,75 s 0,43 s 0,45
PV50 s 0,18 0,15 0,75

s 0,16
s 0,44 s 0,46
Th ko Th va p
Gii hn chy hoc gii hn
chy quy c (N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
dy t (mm)
Nhit

th
Nng lng
hp th
trung bnh
Nng lng
hp th ca
mi mu th
Cp
thp
t s 50 50 < t s 100 100 < t s 200 (N/mm
2
)
gin
di
(L 5,65 A) =
(%) (
o
C) (J ) (J )
PV24 > 235 > 215 > 195 400 510 > 23
PV32 > 315 > 295 > 275
(1)
490 610 > 22
PV36 > 355 > 335 > 315
(1)
520 640 > 20

0

> 47 > 27
PV42 > 410 > 390 > 370
(1)
550 670 > 18
PV46 > 450 > 430
(2)
570 700 > 17
PV50 > 490 > 470
(2)
610 740 > 16

-10

Ch thch:
(1) Yu cu ny phi c p dng i vi thp tm c chiu dy khng ln hn 150mm.
(2) Yu cu ny phi c p dng i vi thp tm c chiu dy khng ln hn 75mm.
3.3.6 Chn vt mu
1 i vi nhng thp tm khng phi nhit luyn, mt vt mu phi c ct ra t mi tm
khi cn trc tip t mt phi tm hoc phi thi. i vi thp tm phi qua nhit luyn, mt
vt mu phi c ct t cc tm c nhit luyn theo cng mt quy trnh, nh l khi
cn trc tip t phi tm hoc phi thi.
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2 Thp tm quy nh -1 trn phi c kh ng sut d theo yu cu 3.3.4-5. Vt mu
phi c nhit luyn ph hp vi mc ch s dng.
3 Vt mu phi c ct ra t v tr khong 1/4 chiu rng tm tnh t mp ngoi.
3.3.7 Chn mu th
1 Mu th ko phi c ct theo quy nh t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Mt mu th c ct ra t mt vt mu.
(2) Mu th phi c ct sao cho ng tm dc vung gc vi hng cn ln cui
cng.
(3) Nu mu th c dng trn c ct ra t bt k loi thp no, tr thp thanh trn, th
n phi c ct t v tr khong 1/4 chiu dy tnh t mt ngoi.
2 Mu th dai va p phi c ct theo quy nh t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Mi b mu th phi c ct ra t mt vt mu.
(2) Mu th phi c ct sao cho ng tm dc song song vi hng cn ln cui
cng (hng dc). Tuy nhin, nu ng kim thy cn thit, ng tm dc ca mu
th phi c ct vung gc vi hng cn ln cui cng (hng ngang).
(3) Mu th phi c ct ra ti v tr m ng tm ca mu th tng ng vi khong
1/4 chiu dy vt mu th k t mt ngoi.
3.3.8 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc
1 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc l trch nhim ca nh ch to
2 Dung sai m i vi chiu dy ca thp tm cho php n 0,25 mm.
1 Nu tin hnh th ko cc mu th c chn u tin khng t yu cu th c th tin
hnh th b sung theo cc quy nh 1.4.4.
2 Khi th dai va p, nng lng hp th trung bnh ca ba mu th t 85% tr ln so
vi quy nh v tng gi tr ca hai mu th tr ln t yu cu, mc d nng lng hp
th trung bnh ca tt c cc mu th khng t, c th ct ba mu th khc t khu vc
ln cn ni ct cc mu th ni trn th li.
Trong trng hp ny, nu gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh ca su mu th v
mi gi tr ca ba mu th ct ln sau th li u t yu cu th chng c th c
chp nhn.
3.3.10 ng du
1 Thp tm c th tha mn yu cu phi c ng du phn bit, ghi thm phn
nhit luyn vo cc yu cu nh quy nh 1.5.1.
2 Cc k hiu lin quan n vic nhit luyn -1 trn phi c quy nh nh sau:
- Nu thp c cn c kim sot: CR (Controlled - Rolled)
- Nu thp c cn c kim sot c nhit (TMCP): TMC
- Nu thp c thng ha: N (Normalized)
- Nu thp c ti v ram: Q (Quenched and Tempered)
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- Nu mu th c x l nhit kh sut d theo yu cu s dng: SR
(Stress Relieving)
3.3.11 Thp tm c tiu chun tng ng
1 Thp tm thng cp D v E, thp tm c bn cao dng ng thn tu quy nh 3.1
c coi l tng ng vi thp tm quy nh 3.3, nu mu th c ct ra nh quy
nh 3.3.6 v 3.3.7, v kt qu th tha mn yu cu ca 3.1. Trong trng hp ny,
du hiu "PV" phi c ng tip vo sau k hiu thp nh quy nh 3.1.
2 Mi yu cu v nhit luyn thp tm quy nh -1 trn phi ph hp vi yu cu ca
ng kim.
3.4 Thp cn s dng nhit thp
3.4.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ny c p dng cho thp cn c chiu dy 40 mm tr xung, dng ch
to cc kt cha hoc kt cu thn tu ti khu vc tip gip vi cc kt cha ca tu ch
kh ha lng v nhng chi tit khc, nh kt cu thn tu ca tu hng ng lnh thng
xuyn lm vic nhit thp (sau y, trong 3.4 gi l "thp ").
2 i vi thp c chiu dy ln hn 40 mm do ng kim quy nh ring.
3 Thp c c tnh khc so vi yu cu quy nh 3.4, phi tha mn yu cu quy nh
1.1.1-2.
4 Tr cc quy nh khc 3.4, nhng yu cu quy nh 3.1 phi c p dng.
3.4.2 Cp thp
Thp c phn thnh 10 Cp nh Bng 7A/3.14.
3.4.3 Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc
1 Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca mi cp thp phi tun theo quy nh Bng
7A/3.14. Khi cn thit, c th b sung nhng nguyn t khc, ngoi nhng nguyn t ha
hc Bng ny theo la chn ca Nh ch to.
2 Khng ph thuc vo yu cu quy nh -1 trn, nu vic nhit luyn c tin hnh theo
phng php TMCP, th thnh phn ha hc ca thp quy nh Bng 7A/3.14 c th
c thay i, vi iu kin c ng kim chp nhn.
3.4.4 Nhit luyn
Vic nhit luyn ca mi cp thp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/3.15.
3.4.5 Tnh cht c hc ca vt liu
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.15.
2 Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th b sung dai va p vi
rnh kha.
3.4.6 Chn vt mu
1 i vi thp tm, mt vt mu phi c ct t mi tm thp cn trc tip t phi tm
hoc phi thi v phi c nhit luyn ng thi. Khi p dung phng php x l nhit l
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cn c kim sot c nhit (TMCP) th mt vt mu phi c ct t mi tm thp cn trc
tip t phi tm hoc phi thi.
2 i vi vt mu c s dng cho loi thp khng phi l thp tm, th khi thp c trng
lng khng ln hn 10 tn (c cng kch thc mt ct ngang v t cng vt c c
ch to theo cng mt quy trnh) phi c nhit luyn nh l mt l thp v mt vt mu
phi c ly t mi l ny.
3 Cc yu cu quy nh 3.1.6-4 phi c p dng chn vt mu.
Bng 7A/3.14 Cp thp v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp thp Kh xy C S
i
M
n
P S N
i

Cc bon
tng
ng
L24A s 0,16
L24B
L27 0,10 0,50 0,70 1,60
s 0,030 s 0,025

s 0,41
L33

L37
Lng hon ton
X l ht mn
bng nhm

L2N30

s 0,70
2,10 2,50
L3N32

s 0,14
3,25 3,75
L5N43 s 0,12 s 0,30 s 1,5 s 0,025 s 0,025
4,75 6,00
L9N53 s 0,10

s 0,90
8,50 9,50
L9N60

3.4.7 Chn mu th
1 Mu th ko phi c ct theo quy nh 3.1.7.
2 Mu th dai va p phi c ct theo quy nh (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Phi tun theo nhng yu cu quy nh 3.1.7-3 t (1) n (3)
(2) i vi thp tm, ng tm dc ca mu th phi vung gc vi hng cn ln cui
cng (hng ngang). i vi nhng thp khc, ng tm dc ca mu th phi song
song vi hng cn ln cui cng (hng dc).
1 Nh ch to phi c trch nhim kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc ca thp.
2 Dung sai m i vi chiu dy danh ngha ca thp tm cho php n 0,25 mm.
3 i vi nhng loi thp khc thp tm ng kim s quy nh v dung sai m cho php.
1 Khi th ko mu th c chn u tin khng t yu cu, c th tin hnh th b sung
cc mu th nh quy nh 1.4.4.
2 i vi th dai va p, th b sung c th c tin hnh theo cc yu cu quy nh
3.1.10-3.
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3.4.10 ng du
Thp c th t yu cu phi c ng du km theo du hiu ph hp vi quy
nh 1.5.1. i vi thp p dng yu cu ca ch thch (6) Bng 7A/3.15, th nhit th
dai va p v ch "T" phi c ng vo sau k hiu (Th d : L33 - 50T).
Bng 7A/3.15 Nhit luyn v tnh cht c hc
Th ko Th dai va p
(4)(5)

Nng lng hp
th trung bnh (J )
Cp
thp
Nhit luyn
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(3)
(L 5,65 A) =
(%)
Nhit
th
(6)
(
o
C)
L T
L24A -40
L24B
> 235 400 510
-50
L27
Thng ha
hoc TMCP
> 265 420 540
L33 > 325 440 560
> 20
-60
L37
Ti v ram
hoc TMCP
> 360 490 610 > 19
L2N30 > 295 420 570 -70 > 41 > 27
L3N32 > 315 440 590
-95
L5N43
Thng ha
hoc thng
ha v ram
(1)
(2)

> 420 540 690
> 19
-110
-196
L9N53
Thng ha
kp v ram
(1) (2)

> 520

L9N60 Ti v ram
(1) (2)
> 590
690 830 > 18
-196
Ch thch:
(1) Nu ng kim thy cn thit th c th phi tin hnh bc nhit luyn trung gian (nhit
luyn trung gian l qu trnh lm ngui t mt pha kp gm stent v ferit tng dai
va p c tin hnh trc khi ram).
(2) C th tin hnh nhit luyn theo kiu TMCP, nu c ng kim chp thun.
(3) Gi tr quy nh cho mu th U1, tr mu th c c t l, phi ph hp vi yu cu trong
Bng 7A/3.16.
(4) Ch L (hoc T) c ngha l ng tm dc ca mu th c b tr song song (hoc
vung gc) vi hng cn ln cui cng.
(5) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln nh hn nng lng hp th trung bnh
ti thiu, hoc nu nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh hn 70% nng lng hp
th trung bnh ti thiu, th vic th c coi l khng t yu cu.
(6) Nhit th dai va p i vi thp nu trong Phn 8D c quy nh trong
Bng 7A/3.17.

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Bng 7A/3.16 gin di nh nht i vi mu U1 (%)
Chiu dy t (mm)
Cp thp
t s 5 5 <t s10 10<t s15 15 <t s 20 20 <t s 25 25 <t s 30 30 <t s 35 35 <t s 40
L2A, L24B, L27 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 19
L33 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
L37 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
L2N30, L3N32, L5N43 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 18
L9N53, L9N60 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Bng 7A/3.17 Nhit th dai va p i vi thp quy nh Phn 8D
Cp thp Chiu dy t (mm) Nhit th (
o
C)
(1)

L24A t 25 -20 hoc (T
D
-5)
(2)

L24B 25 <t 30 -20 hoc (T
D
-10)
(2)

L27 30 <t 35 -20 hoc (T
D
-15)
(2)

L33, L37 35 <t 40 (T
D
-20)
(2)

t 25 -70
25 <t 30 -70 hoc (T
D
-10)
(2)

30 <t 35 -70 hoc (T
D
-15)
(2)

L2N30

35 <t 40 -70 hoc (T
D
-20)
(2)

t 25 -95
25 <t 30 -95 hoc (T
D
-10)
(2)

30 <t 35 -95 hoc (T
D
-15)
(2)

L3N32

35 <t 40 -95 hoc (T
D
-20)
(2)

t 25 -110
25 <t 30 -110 hoc (T
D
-10)
(2)

30 <t 35 -110 hoc (T
D
-15)
(2)

L5N43
35 <t 40 -110 hoc (T
D
-20)
(2)

L9N53
L9N60
t 40 -196
Ch thch:
(1) T
D
l nhit thit k (
o
C).
(2) Nhit th phi thp hn so vi nhit quy nh trong Bng trn.
3.5 Thp cn khng g
3.5.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ny c p dng cho thp cn khng g dng ch to cc kt cha
lm vic nhit thp hoc trong iu kin chng n mn (sau y, trong 3.5 c gi
l thp).
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2 Nu ng kim thy ph hp, c th cho php dng thp cn trn ch to trc chn vt, v.v...
3 Nu thp c nhng c tnh khc so vi quy nh 3.5 th phi c p dng nhng quy
nh 1.1.1-2.
4 Nu khng c quy nh no khc a ra 3.5, th thp phi c p dng nhng quy nh
3.1.
3.5.2 Cp thp
Thp c phn thnh 17 cp nh Bng 7A/3.18.
Thnh phn ha hc ca thp phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/3.18.
3.5.4 Nhit luyn
Ni chung, thp phi c nhit luyn trng thi rn.
3.5.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.19. Tuy
nhin gii hn chy quy c ti thiu quy nh c th c thay i, nu c ng
kim chp nhn.
2 Ty theo phng php th, cng ca thp phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/3.19.
3 Khi ng kim yu cu, c th tin hnh th dai va p.
3.5.6 Nhng tnh cht khc
Ty theo cng dng ca thp, c th phi th kh nng chng n mn, nu ng kim
yu cu.
3.5.7 Chn vt mu
1 Mi vt mu phi c ct trc tip t mt tm thp c cn t phi tm hoc phi thi.
2 Khi chn vt mu phi tun theo nhng quy nh 3.1.6-4.
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Bng 7A/3.18 Cp ca thp khng g v thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp
thp

C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo N
Nguyn t
khc
SUS304 s 0,08 s 2,00 8,0 10,5
SUS304L s 0,030 9,0 13,0 18,0 20,0
SUS304N1 s 0,08 s 1,00 s 2,50 7,0 10,5 __ 0,10 0,25
SUS304N2 7,5 10,5 0,15 0,30 Nb s 0,15
SUS304LN s 0,030 8,5 11,5 17,0 19,0 0,12 0,22
SUS309S 12,0 15,0 22,0 24,0
SUS310S s 0,08 s 1,50 19,0 22,0 24,0 26,0 __
SUS316 s 2,00 s 0,045 s 0,030 10,0 14,0
SUS316L s 0,030 12,0 15,0 16,0 18,0 2,3 3,0
SUS316N s 0,08 10,0 14,0 0,10 0,22
SUS316LN s 0,030 10,5 14,5 16,5 18,5 0,12 0,22
SUS317 s 0,08 s 1,00
SUS317L s 0,030 11,0 15,0 18,0 20,0 3,0 4,0
SUS 317LN 0,10 0,22
SUS321 s 0,08 9,0 13,0 17,0 19,0 __ __ Ti > 5C
SUS329J 3L s 0,030 s 0,040 4,5 6,5 21,0 24,0 2,5 3,5 0,08 0,20 __

SUS347 s 0,08 s 0,045 9,0 13,0 17,0 19,0 __

__

Nb >10C
3.5.8 Chn mu th
1 Mu th ko phi c ct ph hp vi nhng quy nh 3.1.7-2.
2 Mu th cng c th l mt phn ca mu th ko.
1 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc ca thp l trch nhim ca Nh ch to.
2 Dung sai m i vi chiu dy danh ngha ca thp cho php n 0,25 mm.
3 i vi nhng loi thp khc thp tm ng kim s quy nh v dung sai m cho php.
3.5.10 ng du ln thp
1 Thp th t yu cu phi c ng du theo quy nh 1.5.1.
2 i vi thp tha mn yu cu 3.5.1-2, phi ng thm -SU vo sau cp ca thp trn.
(v d SUS 304-SU).
3 i vi thp p dng yu cu quy nh 3.5.5-1, th gi tr gii hn chy quy c quy nh
v ch "M" phi c ng thm vo sau cp thp. (v d: SUS 304-235M)
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Bng 7A/3.19 Tnh cht c hc ca thp khng g
Th ko Th cng
Cp thp
Gii hn chy
quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L =5,65
A)

H
B
H
RB
H
v

SUS304 > 205 > 520
SUS304L > 175 > 480
> 40 s 187
s 90

s 200

SUS304N1 > 275 > 550
> 35

s 217
s 95

s 220
SUS304N2 > 345 > 690 s 250
s 100

s 260
SUS304LN > 245 > 550 s 217
s 95

s 220
SUS309S
SUS310S > 205 > 520 > 40 s 187
s 90

s 200
SUS316
SUS316L > 175 > 480
SUS316N > 275 > 550
> 35
s 217

s 95

s 220
SUS316LN > 245
SUS317 > 205 > 520
s 187

s 90

s 200
SUS317L > 175 > 480 > 40
SUS 317LN > 245 > 550 s 217
s 95

s 220
SUS321
> 205 > 520

s 187
s 90

s 200
SUS329J 3L
> 450 > 620 > 18 s 302 s 32
(1)
s 320
SUS347 > 205 > 520 > 40 s 187 s 90 s 200
Ch thch:
(1) cng Rockwell ca cp thp SUS329J3L phi l gi tr thang o C (H
RC
).
3.6 Thp cn trn dng ch to xch
3.6.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh 3.6 c p dng cho thp cn trn dng ch to xch quy nh Phn
7B, (sau y, trong 3.6 gi l "thp dng ch to xch").
2 Thp lm xch c c tnh khc so vi quy nh 3.6, phi ph hp vi quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3 Ngoi nhng quy nh 3.6, thp trn dng ch to xch cn phi tha mn nhng quy
nh 3.1.
3.6.2 Cp thp
Thp thanh dng ch to xch c phn thnh 6 cp nh Bng 7A/3.20.
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Bng 7A/3.20 Cp thp ca cc thanh dng ch to xch
Cp Phm vi p dng
Dng ch to xch cp 1 SBC31 Xch khng ngng, xch cp 1
Dng ch to xch cp 2 SBC50 Xch cp 2
Dng ch to xch cp 3 SBC70 Xch cp 3
Dng ch to xch cp R3 SBCR3 Xch cp R3
Dng ch to xch cp R3S SBCR3S Xch cp R3S
Dng ch to xch cp R4 SBCR4 Xch cp R4
Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc i vi mi cp thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy
nh Bng 7A/3.21. Ngoi nhng nguyn t ha hc a ra Bng 7A/3.21 c th c
thm nhng nguyn t khc, khi c s ph duyt ca ng kim.
3.6.4 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca thp trn dng ch to xch phi ph hp vi quy nh Bng
7A/3.22.
3.6.5 Chn vt mu
1 Thp trn c khi lng mi l bng 50 tn v nh hn (cng m c v cng quy trnh
ch to) c coi l mt l v mt vt mu c ng knh ln nht phi c ct t mi l
thp y.
2 Vic nhit luyn vt mu phi c thc hin theo quy nh Bng 7A/3.23 cho mi cp
thp. Trong trng hp thp dng ch to xch c nhit luyn sau khi hn th mu th
cng phi c nhit luyn theo cng quy trnh nhit luyn .
Bng 7A/3.21 Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp Kh xy C Si Mn P S Al
(1)

SBC31 Lng s 0,20 0,15 0,35 > 0,40 s 0,040 s 0,040
SBC50 s 0,24 0,15 0,55 s 1,6 s 0,035 s 0,035 > 0,020
SBC70
Lng ht
mn

s 0,36 0,15 0,55 1,00 1,90 s 0,035 s 0,035 > 0,020
SBCR3
SBCR3S
SBCR4
Lng ht
mn
Thnh phn ha hc c th phi c ng kim chp thun
i vi cp BCR4, phi cha t nht 0,2% Molpen
Ch thch:
(1) Hm lng Al c c trng bi tng hm lng Al v c th c thay th tng phn
bng cc nguyn t ht mn khc.
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Th ko Th dai va p
(1) (2)

Cp thp
Gii hn chy hoc
gii hn chy quy
c
(3)

(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn
ko
(3)
(N/mm
2
)
gin
di
(L=5d)
(%)
co
tht
(%)
Nhit
th
(
0
C)
Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh
(J )
SBC31 370 490
(4)
> 25
SBC50 > 295 490 690

> 22 0 > 27
SBC70 > 410 > 690 > 17 > 40 0 > 60
SBCR3 > 410 > 690 > 17 > 50 - 20
(5)
> 40
(5)

SBCR3S > 490 > 770 > 15 > 50 -20
(5)
> 45
(5)

SBCR4 > 580 > 860 > 12 > 50 -20 > 50
Ch thch:
(1) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai hoc nhiu mu th trong b mu th nh hn tr s trung
bnh nh nht ca nng lng hp th theo quy nh hoc khi nng lng hp th ca mt
mu th nh hn 70% tr s ca nng lng hp th trung bnh nh nht quy nh, th cuc
th c coi l khng t.
(2) Vi cp SBC50 dng cho xch cp 2 s c nhit luyn ph hp vi quy nh 3.1.5 ca
Phn 7B, th khng yu cu phi th dai va p.
(3) T s gii hn chy chia cho gii hn bn ko ca cp thp SBCR3, SBCR 3S v SBCR4 phi
khng c ln hn 0,92.
(4) Gii hn bn ko nh nht ca thp cp SBC31 c th l 300 N/mm
2
nu c ng kim
chp nhn.
(5) Th dai va p ca cp thp SBCR3 v SBCR3S c th c tin hnh nhit 0
o
C,
nu c ng kim chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny, nng lng hp th trung bnh nh
nht phi khng nh hn 60J i vi cp thp SBCR3 v 65J i vi cp thp SBCR3S.
Bng 7A/3.23 Nhit luyn vt mu
Cp thp Nhit luyn
SBC31 Cn ngui hoc thng ha
(1)

SBC50 Cn ngui hoc thng ha
(1)

SBC70
SBCR3
SBCR3S
SBCR4

Thng ha, thng ha v ram, hoc ti v ram
Ch thch:
(1) Thp trn dng ch to xch khng c nhit luyn theo quy nh 3.1.5 Phn 7B, phi
c coi l thp cn thng.
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3.6.6 Chn mu th
1 Cc mu th phi c ly ra t vt mu ph hp vi Bng 7A/3.24 v iu kin chn vt
mu quy nh 3.6.5.
2 Vi cp thp SBCR3S v thp SBCR4, cng vi mu th c ly theo yu cu -1 trn,
v nguyn tc phi ly thm hai mu th ko c ng knh l 20 mm th dn
Hydro. Trong trng hp ny, mu th phi c ly ra t vng gia ca thanh vt liu
c nhit luyn nh (1) hoc (2) di y:
(1) Trng hp c lin tc, vt mu phi c ly u v cui ca m c.
(2) Trng hp c theo thi, vt mu phi c ly t hai thi khc nhau.
Bng 7A/3.24 S lng mu th
Cp thp S lng mu th ko S lng mu th dai va p
SBC31 1 mu
SBC50 1 mu 1 b (3 mu)
(1)

SBC70
SBCR3
SBCR3S
SBCR4
1 mu 1 b (3 mu)
Ch thch:
(1) Khng cn thit th dai va p trong trng hp p dng ch thch (2) ca Bng
7A/3.22.

3 Cc mu th c ct phi c ng tm dc song song vi hng cn ln cui cng.
4 Cc mu th ko v th dai va p phi c ct theo hng dc thanh thp ti v tr
1/6 ng knh tnh t mp ngoi hoc cng gn v tr ny cng tt (xem Hnh 7A/3.2)
5 ng tm dc ca rnh kha phi gn vi hng bn knh ca mi mu th.

Hnh 7A/3.2 Chn mu th
d
Mu th dai va p
Mu th ko
d
1
6
d
1
6
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3.6.7 Th dn Hydro
1 Th dn Hydro phi c thc hin theo quy trnh sau y:
(1) Mt mu th phi c th trong vng ti a l 3 gi sau khi gia cng c hoc c th
c lm lnh xung -60
o
C tc thi sau khi gia cng c v gi nhit ny trong
khong thi gian ti a l 5 ngy.
(2) Mt mu th khc phi c th sau khi nung nhit 250
o
C trong 4 gi.
(3) C gng sao cho tc bin dng (tc bin dng nh hn 0,0003 S
-1
) din ra tht
chm trong ton b qu trnh th, v phi o bn ko, dn di v co tht.
2 Kt qu th dn Hydro phi tha mn cng thc sau:
Z
(1)
/ Z
(2)
> 0,85
Trong :
Z
(1)
: co tht o c khi th theo quy nh -1(1).
Z
(2)
: co tht o c khi th theo quy nh -1(2).
3.6.8 Kim tra b mt, kim tra khng ph hy v xc nh kch thc
1 Phi tin hnh kim tra b mt tt c cc cp thp. Vic kim tra ny phi khng nh
c rng cc thanh vt liu khng c khuyt tt c hi.
2 Vi cp thp SBCR3, SBCR3S v SBCR4, tt c cc thanh vt liu phi c kim tra
bng siu m giai on thch hp trong qu trnh sn xut v phi khng nh c rng
chng khng c khuyt tt c hi.
3 Vi cp thp SBCR3, SBCR3S v SBCR4, mt trm phn trm cc thanh vt liu phi
c kim tra bng ht t tnh hoc phng php dng xoy v phi khng nh c
rng chng khng c khuyt tt c hi.
4 Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh -2 v -3, tn sut kim tra khng ph hy c th
gim i vi h thng kim tra cht lng ca Nh sn xut c ng kim cng
nhn. Tuy nhin, vic kim tra khng ph hy cc vt mu theo quy nh 3.6.5 phi
c thc hin trong mi trng hp.
5 Dung sai v ng knh v trn ca thanh vt liu phi nm trong phm vi dung sai quy
nh Bng 7A/3.25 tng ng vi cp thp.
1 Nu cc mu th ko hoc th dai va p c chn th u tin khng t yu
cu, th c th th b sung theo quy nh 3.1.10-1 hoc -3.
2 Nu vt mu c nhit luyn m th khng t yu cu, c th tin hnh th b sung
theo quy nh 1.4.4-3.
3 Nu cc mu th dn hydro c la chn u tin khng t yu cu 3.6.7-2, th cc
thanh thp c th c x l bng kh kh hydro sau khi c ng kim chp thun, v
vic kim tra b sung c th c tin hnh sau khi kh.
3.6.10 ng du
Thp dng ch to xch c th t yu cu phi c ng du ph hp vi quy
nh 1.5.1.
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Bng 7A/3.25 Dung sai kch thc
ng knh danh ngha
(mm)
(1)

Dung sai ng knh
(mm)
Dung sai trn
(d
max
- d
min
) (mm)
(2)

Nh hn 25 - 0 +1,0 s 0.60
25 35 - 0 +1,2 s 0.80
36 50 - 0 +1,6 s 1.10
51 80 - 0 +2,0 s 1,50
81 100 - 0 +2,6 s 1,95
101 120 - 0 +3,0 s 2,25
121 160 - 0 +4,0 s 3,00
Ch thch:
(1) Vi thanh thp c ng knh danh ngha ln hn 161 mm, dung sai kch thc phi
c ng kim cho l ph hp.
(2) d
max
v d
min
l ng knh ln nht v ng knh nh nht ca thanh thp.
3.7 Thp cn trn dng cho cc kt cu my
3.7.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ny c p dng cho thp cn trn c s dng cho kt cu my nh
trc hoc bulng (sau y, trong 3.7 gi l "thp trn").
2 Thp trn c c tnh khc vi quy nh 3.7, phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3.7.2 Cp thp
Thp trn c phn thnh hai cp nh trong Bng 7A/3.26
1 Kh xy cho thp trn phi bng phng php lng.
2 Thnh phn ha hc ca thp trn phi ph hp vi cc quy nh 6.1.4. Khi p dng,
thut ng thp rn c thay bng thut ng thp trn.
3.7.4 T s cn v nhit luyn
1 T s cn ca thp trn khng c nh hn 6 tr khi ng kim c quy nh ring.
2 Nhit luyn thp trn phi ph hp vi nhng Tiu chun c ng kim chp nhn.
3.7.5 Tnh cht c hc
Thp trn phi c tnh cht c hc ph hp vi nhng yu cu a ra 6.1.6-1, -2 v -3.
Khi p dng, thay thut ng thp rn bng thut ng thp trn.

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Bng 7A/3.26 Cp ca thp trn
Loi thp Cp thp
Thp trn cc bon cn
Cp ca thp trn c gn thm ch R vo cp thp SF
quy nh Bng 7A/6.3 (th d: SFR41)
Thp trn hp kim thp cn
Cp ca thp trn c gn thm ch R vo cp thp
SFA quy nh Bng 7A/6.3 (th d: SFAR60)
3.7.6 Chn vt mu
Thp trn c khi lng khng ln hn 5 tn (c cng ng knh t cng quy trnh th
trong cng m) phi c coi l mt l. Mt vt mu phi c ct ra t mi l.
3.7.7 Chn mu th
Mu th phi c chn theo (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) Mt mu th ko phi c ct t mt vt mu.
(2) Phi p dng cc yu cu quy nh t 3.6.6-3 n -5.
1 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc l trch nhim ca Nh sn xut thp trn.
2 i vi thp trn, vic xc nh kch thc l ty thuc vo quyt nh ca ng kim.
Kim tra khng ph hy thp trn phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra 6.1.10. Khi p
dng, thay thut ng thp rn bng thut ng thp trn.
3.7.10 Sa cha khuyt tt
Sa cha khuyt tt phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra 6.1.11. Khi p dng, thay
thut ng thp rn bng thut ng thp trn.
Nu nh th ko v th cng t cc mu th u tin c la chn khng t yu
cu, phi tin hnh th b sung theo cc yu cu a ra 1.4.4.
3.7.12 ng du
Thp trn tha mn cc yu cu th phi c ng du phn bit ph hp vi cc
yu cu 1.5.1. i vi thp trn p dng cc yu cu a ra 6.1.6-2, phi s dng
tr s tng ng bn ko quy nh cho cp thp . (Th d: bn ko quy nh l
460 N/mm
2
, phi ghi l SFR 47).
3.8 Thp cn tm bn cao ti v ram dng cho kt cu
3.8.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 3.8 c p dng cho thp cn bn cao ti v ram dng
cho cc kt cu c chiu dy khng qu 70 mm ch to cng trnh bin di ng, cc kt
cha ca tu kh ha lng v cc bnh chu p lc (sau y, trong 3.8 gi l "thp").
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159
2 Nhng yu cu khng c quy nh 3.8 phi p dng theo quy nh 3.1.
3 Nhng yu cu cho thp c chiu dy ln hn 70 mm do ng kim quy nh trong tng
trng hp c th.
4 Thp tm c c tnh khc vi nhng yu cu quy nh 3.8, phi ph hp vi nhng yu
cu quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3.8.2 Cp thp
Thp tm c chia thnh cc cp khc nhau a ra Bng 7A/3.27.
1 Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng
7A/3.27. Nhng nguyn t ha hc khc khng c trong Bng c th c b sung theo
s la chn ca Nh ch to nu c ng kim chp thun.
2 Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh -1 trn, nu thp c nhit luyn theo phng
php TMCP th cc yu cu v thnh phn ha hc c th thay i, nu c ng kim
chp thun c bit.
3.8.4 Nhit luyn
Mi cp thp phi c nhit luyn ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/3.28.
3.8.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.28. C th p
dng nhng quy nh khc vi nhng quy nh trong Bng, nu c ng kim chp
thun c bit.
2 Ngoi nhng quy nh -1 trn, nu ng kim thy cn thit c th yu cu tin hnh
cc vic th khc v dai va p v th tnh hn.
3.8.6 Chn vt mu
1 Mt vt mu phi c ct ra trc tip t mi phi thi, phi tm cn v c gia nhit
ng thi cng mt l nhit luyn lin tc. Khi dng phng php nhit luyn l cn
c kim sot c nhit (TMCP) th mt vt mu c ct ra t mi phi thi, phi tm
cn trc tip.
2 Phi tin hnh chn vt mu theo nhng quy nh 3.1.6-4.
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Bng 7A/3.27 Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
cm nhn nt
Chiu dy (mm)
Cp
thp
Kh
xy
C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Cr Mo V B N
t s 50 50<t s 70
A43
s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D43
s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030

E43

F43
s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025

s 0,25

s 0,27

A47
s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D47
s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030

E47

F47
s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025
s 0,02
s 0,26

s 0,28

A51
s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D51
s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030
Nu cn thit, nhng nguyn t ny c th
c b sung khi c s chp thun ca ng
kim

E51

F51 Lng s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025

s 0,26

s 0,28

A56 hon s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D56 ton s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030

E56 v

F56 x s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025

s 0,28

s 0,30

A63 l s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D63 ht s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030

s 1.00

E63 mn

F63
s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025

A63N
s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D63N
s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030 0,31,3 s 0.70

E63N

F63N
s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025 s 0.50 0,32,0 s 0.60 s 0.10 s 0.006 s 0,02

s 0,29

s 0,31

A70
s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D70
s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030 s 1.20

E70

F70
s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025

A70N
s 0.21 s 0,035 s 0,035

D70N
s 0.20 s 0.55

s 1.70

s 0,030 s 0,030 0,31,5 s 0,80

E70N

F70N
s 0.18 s 1.60

s 0,025 s 0,025 0,32,2

s 0,30

s 0,32

3.8.7 Chn mu th
1 Mu th ko phi c ct ph hp vi quy nh 3.1.7-2.
2 Mu th dai va p phi c ct ph hp vi quy nh 3.4.7-2.
Phi p dng nhng yu cu quy nh 3.1.8 kim tra b mt v vic xc nh kch
thc. Dung sai m ca chiu dy danh ngha ca thp tm phi ti a l - 0,25 mm.
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1 Nu th ko mu th c chn th u tin khng t yu cu, c th tin hnh th
b sung theo quy nh 3.1.10-1.
2 i vi mu th dai va p, th b sung phi c tin hnh theo quy nh 3.1.10-3.
3.8.10 ng du
Thp tm tha mn tt c nhng yu cu th, phi c ng du nhn bit theo quy
nh 1.5.1 v nhng du hiu b sung sau y:
(1) i vi thp p dng nhng yu cu trong 3.8.5-1, th phi ng vo pha sau cp
thp ch "-M", (th d: A63-M).
(2) i vi thp p dng nhng yu cu ch thch (5) ca Bng 7A/3.28, sau cp
thp phi ng ch "-PV ", (th d: A63-PV).
Th ko Th dai va p
(3)(4)(5)

Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh (J )
Cp thp
Nhit
luyn
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(L =5,65 A )
(%)
(2)

Nhit
th
(
0
C)
L T
A43 0
D43 -20
E43 -40
F43
> 420

530 680

> 18

-60
42 28
A47 0
D47 -20
E47 -40
F47
> 460

570 720

> 17

-60
46 31
A51 0
D51 -20
E51 -40
F51
> 500

610 770

> 16

-60
50 33
A56 0
D56
Ti v
ram
(1)
-20
E56 -40
F56
> 550

670 830

> 16

-60
55 37
A63, A63N 0
D63, D63N -20
E63, E63N -40
F63, F63N
> 620

720 890

> 15

-60
62 41
A70, A70N 0
D70, D70N -20
E70, E70N -40
F70, F70N
> 690

770 940

> 14

-60
69 46

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Ch thch:
(1) C th tin hnh nhit luyn theo phng php TMCP thay cho vic ti v ram nu c
ng kim chp thun.
(2) gin di i vi mu th U1 phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra Bng 7A/3.29.
(3) L (hoc T) c ngha l ng tm dc ca mi mu th song song (hoc vung gc) vi
hng cn ln cui cng.
(4) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln thuc mt b mu th thp hn nng lng
hp th trung bnh ti thiu hoc nu nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh hn 70% gi
tr yu cu, th vic th coi nh khng t yu cu.
(5) Nhit th dai va p cho thp quy nh trong Phn 8D c a ra Bng 7A/3.30.
3.9 Thp tm c lp ph khng g
3.9.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 3.9 c p dng cho loi thp tm c lp ph khng g vi
chiu dy khng qu 50 mm dng ch to cc kt cha trn tu ch x ha cht nguy
him, kt cu thn tu bao quanh kt cha v cc kt cha chng n mn (sau y, trong
3.9 gi l "thp tm").
2 Thp tm khng g c nhng yu cu khc vi quy nh trong 3.9 th phi p dng nhng
yu cu quy nh 3.1.
3 Nhng yu cu i vi thp c chiu dy ln hn 50 mm phi do ng kim quy nh
trong tng trng hp c th.
4 Thp tm c c tnh khc so vi quy nh 3.9 phi ph hp vi quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3.9.2 Phng php ch to
1 Ch to thp tm phi ph hp vi nhng phng php t (1) n (5) di y:
(1) Cn
(2) Cn c
(3) p n
(4) Cn n
(5) Cn ph
2 Vic p dng nhng quy trnh khc vi cc phng php quy nh -1 trn phi c
ng kim chp nhn.
3.9.3 Kim loi lm kt cu
1 Kim loi gc v kim loi ph phi l thp tm c cn dng trong ng tu nh quy nh
3.1, cn kim loi ph l thp cn khng g, ngoi tr cp thp SUS329J3L nh quy nh
3.5. Tuy nhin, chiu dy tiu chun ca lp kim loi ph phi khng c nh hn 1,5
mm.
2 K hiu ca tm thp l kt hp ca thp tm gc v kim loi ph.
3.9.4 Nhit luyn
Thp tm phi c nhit luyn ng vi quy trnh nhit luyn ca kim loi gc.

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3.9.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca thp tm phi ph hp vi quy nh Bng 7A/3.31.
Bng 7A/3.29 gin di nh nht i vi mu U1 (%)
Chiu dy t (mm)

Cp thp
t s 10 10 <t s15 15 <t s 20 20 <t s 25 25 <t s 40 40 <t s 50 50 <t s 70
A43, D43, E43, F43 11 13 14 15 16 17 18
A47, D47, E47, F47 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
A51, D51, E51, F51 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A56, D56, E56, F56 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A63, D63, E63, F63
A63N, D63N, E63N, F63N
9 11 12 12 13 14 15
A70, D70, E70, F70
A70N, D70N, E70N, F70N
9 10 11 11 12 13 14
Bng 7A/3.30 Nhit th dai va p i vi thp thuc Phn 8D
Th dai va p
Nhit th
Nng lng hp th trung bnh
(J )
Cp thp Chiu dy t (mm)
(
o
C)
L T
A43, D43 t s 20 0
A47, D47
20 <
t s 40
-20 41 27
A51, KD51
40 <
t s 50
- 30
A56, D56
A63, D63
A63N, D63N
A70, D70
A70N, D70N
50 <
t
Th va p do ng kim quy nh
3.9.6 Nhng tnh cht khc
Ty theo mc ch s dng ca thp tm v theo yu cu ca ng kim, c th phi tin
hnh th chng n mn.
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3.9.7 Chn vt mu
1 Mt vt mu phi c ct ra t mi tm thp c cng quy trnh sn xut, v c cn t
tm hoc thi phi dng lm thp kim loi gc.
2 Khi la chn vt mu th phi p dng nhng yu cu 3.1.6-4.
Th ko
(1)

Th gii hn
bn ct
(3)

Loi
kim loi
gc
Cp
kim loi
gc
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin
di (%)
Gii hn
bn ct
(N/mm
2
)
Th
dai
va p

Thp
thng
A, B
D, E
> 235
Thp c
bn
cao
A32, A36,
D32, D36,
E32, E36,
F32, F36
> o
y

(2)
> o
B

(2)

Ph hp
vi yu cu
i vi kim
loi gc
> 200
Ph hp
vi yu
cu i
vi kim
loi gc
Ch thch:
(1) Mu th ko l mu th U1
(2) o
B
, v o
y
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2 y2
y
1 2
t . t .
t t

+
=
+
1 y1
(N/mm
2
)
2 B2
B
1 2
t . t .
t t

+
=
+
1 B1
(N/mm
2
)
Trong :
t
1
: Chiu dy kim loi gc (mm);
t
2
: Chiu dy kim loi ph (mm);
o
B
: Gii hn bn ko ca thp tm (N/mm
2
);
o
B1
: Gii hn bn ko ti thiu ca kim loi gc (N/mm
2
);
o
B2
: Gii hn bn ko ti thiu ca kim loi ph (N/mm
2
);
o
y1
: Gii hn chy nh nht hoc gii hn chy quy c ca kim loi gc (N/mm
2
);
o
y2
: Gii hn chy nh nht hoc gii hn chy quy c ca kim loi ph (N/mm
2
);
o
y
: Gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy c ca thp tm (N/mm
2
).
(3) Th gii hn bn ct phi c p dng i vi trng hp chiu dy ca lp kim loi
ph khng nh hn 1,5mm. Cc yu cu i vi quy trnh th gii hn bn ct phi do
ng kim quy nh.
3.9.8 Chn mu th
1 Mu th ko phi c ct theo quy nh 3.1.7-2.
2 Mu th dai va p phi c ct theo quy nh 3.1.7-3. Trong trng hp ny,
chiu dy ca mu th phi bng chiu dy ca kim loi ct b lp ph.
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3 Mu th bn ct phi c ct theo quy nh t (1) n (2) di y:
(1) Mi mu th phi c ct ra t mt vt mu.
(2) Quy cch v kch thc ca mu th phi c xc nh theo quy nh Hnh 7A/3.3.

Hnh 7A/3.3 Quy cch v kch thc mu th bn ct (mm)

1 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc l trch nhim ca nh ch to.
2 Dung sai m chiu dy danh ngha ca thp tm c ph lp khng g phi do ng kim
quy nh.
1 Mi tm thp phi c kim tra bng siu m. Quy trnh th phi c ng kim
chp thun.
2 Bt k mt khuyt tt no trn b mt hoc khe nt ca vt liu c pht hin qua
kim tra siu m c th c sa cha bng phng php hn, nu c ng kim
chp thun.
3.9.11 ng du
1 Nu th t yu cu, vt liu phi c cp Giy chng nhn nh quy nh 1.5.2 v
phi ghi r trong Giy chng nhn cc chi tit v quy trnh ch to thp tm v dy ca
kim loi ph.
2 Ngoi nhng k hiu th hin cp ca thp ct v kim loi ph, thp tm sau khi
tha mn nhng yu cu th phi c ng thm cc k hiu v phng php
ch to.
(Th d: A + SUS316L - R)
Cn : " -R "
Cn c : " -ER "
p n : " -B "
Chiu dy ca kim loi ph : W=1,5t
2

ng ranh gii kim loi ph
90
o

90
o

63

Kim loi gc
Kim loi ph
19
W
90
o

90
o

90
o

90
o

90
o

Kim loi gc
t
1

t
2

25
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166
Cn n : " -BR "
Cn ph : " -WR "
3.10 Nhng quy nh b sung cho tm thp cn dng ng thn tu c chiu dy trn
50 mm n 100 mm
3.10.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh ny c p dng cho tm thp cn dng lm kt cu thn tu (k c cc
tm dt c chiu rng ln hn 600 mm) c chiu dy trn 50 mm n 100 mm (sau y, trong
3.10 gi l "thp tm").
2 Nhng yu cu khng c quy nh 3.10 phi p dng theo quy nh 3.1.
3.10.2 Cp thp
Thp tm c chia thnh cc cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/ 3.32
1 Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca mi cp thp phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh
Bng 7A/3.32. Nhng yu cu ny c th c thay i, nu ng kim chp thun.
2 Thnh phn cc bon tng ng ca thp c th phi trnh ng kim duyt khi c
yu cu.
3.10.4 Nhit luyn
Mi cp thp phi c nhit luyn theo quy nh Bng 7A/3.34.
3.10.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca thp tm phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/3.34.
3.10.6 Chn vt mu
Vt mu phi c ct theo quy nh (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) Trong trng hp c phi, vt mu phi c ct ra t v tr nh phi.
(2) Quy nh i vi th dai va p ca mt l thp c a ra Bng 7A/3.35.

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Bng 7A/3.32 Cp thp, kh xy v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Loi Thnh phn ha hc (%)
(1)

Cp
thp
Kh
xy
C Si Mn P S
(9)
Cu Cr Ni Mo Al
(3)
Nb V Ti N
Hm
lng
cc bon
tng
ng
(%)
A s0,50 >2,5C
Lng
(2)

B
- - - - - - - - - -
>0,60 s0,035 s0,035
(2)
D
s0,21
>0,015
E s0,18 >0,70
(6)

T
h
p

t
h
n
g

Lng
v x
l ht
mn
(2)

s0,35
(2)

A32
D32
E32
A36
D36
E36 s0,50 s0,035 s0,035 s0,35 s0,20 s0,40 s0,08 -
(8)
A40
0,90

1,60

>0,015
(4)

>0,02
(5)

D40
Lng
v
x l
ht
mn

0,02

0,05
(4) (5)

0,05

0,10
(4) (5)

E40
s0,18

F32
F36
T
h
p

c
n

c
a
o

D40
s0,16

s0,025 s0,025

s0,80

s0,009
(7)

Ch thch:
(1) Khi b sung thm bt k mt nguyn t no vo thnh phn thp luyn th phi ghi r hm
lng ny vo giy chng nhn th;
(2) Tr s (C + Mn/6) khng c vt qu 0,40%;
(3) Thnh phn Al phi c th hin bng axt nhm ha tan, nhng c th c xc nh bng
thnh phn nhm tng cng. Trong trng hp thnh phn nhm tng cng khng c t
hn 0,020%;
(4) Thp tm phi cha Al, Nb, V hoc nhng nguyn t lm mn ht khc, hoc di dng n
nguyn t hoc kt hp nhiu nguyn t. Nu l n nguyn t th thp tm phi cha
nguyn t lm mn ht mc ti thiu c quy nh. Nu kt hp nhiu nguyn t thnh
phn ti thiu mi nguyn t khng cn c xc nh;
(5) Tng thnh phn Nb, V v Ti khng c qu 0,12%;
(6) Nu ng kim chp thun, c th dng nguyn t lm mn ht khng phi l Al;
(7) Thnh phn N ti a c th tng n 0,012% nu c Al;
(8) Phi ghi hm lng cc bon trong Giy chng nhn th. Nu nh bt k cp thp c cng
cao c p dng iu kin TMCP th hm lng cc bon tng ng phi tha mn
cc yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/3.33;
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(9) Thp tho mn nhng yu cu 3.11 th hm lng lu hunh S ln nht l 0,008% xc
nh bng vic phn tch m c.
Bng 7A/3.33 Hm lng cc bon tng ng ca thp sn xut theo TMCP
Cp thp Hm lng cc bon tng ng (%)
(1)

A32, D32, E32, F32 s 0,38
A36, D36, E36, F36 s 0,40
A40, D40, E40, F40 s 0,42
Ch thch:
(1) Nh ch to thp v ngi ng tu c th tha thun vi nhau quy nh hm
lng cc bon cht ch hn trong tng trng hp c th.
Th ko Th dai va p
(4)

Nng lng hp th trung bnh (J )
(5)

Chiu dy, t (mm)
50 <t s 70 70 <t s 100
Cp
thp
Nhit
luyn(1)
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(L =5,65 A)
(%)
Nhit
th
(
o
C )

L T L T
A +20
(6)
34
(6)
24
(6)
41
(6)
27
(6)

B
TMCP,N
(2)

> 235 > 22 0
D TMCP,N
(3)

400 520
-20 34 41 41 27
E TMCP,N -40
A32 0
D32 > 315 440 590 > 22 -20 38 26 46 31
E32
TMCP,N
-40
F32 TMCP,N, QT -60
A36 0
D36 > 355 490 620 > 21 -20 41 27 50 34
E36
TMCP,N
-40
F36 TMCP,N, QT -60
A40 0
D40 > 390 510 650 > 20 -20 46 31 55 37
E40 -40
F40
TMCP,N, QT
-60
Ch thch:
(1) Xem ch thch (3) Bng 7A/3.3
(2) AR hoc CR (sau y, trong 3.10 gi l "ARS" hoc "CRS") c th c chp nhn,
nu c ng kim duyt.
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(3) C th chp nhn CRS.
(4) L (hoc T) c ngha l ng tm dc ca mu th c ly song song (hoc vung
gc) vi hng cn ln cui cng.
(5) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln thuc mt b mu th nh hn nng
lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu quy nh hoc nng lng hp th ca mt mu th
nh hn 70% gi tr yu cu th vic th c coi nh khng t.
(6) C th p dng nu nh nhit luyn l ARS hoc CRS. (xem ch thch (2))
Bng 7A/3.35 Quy cch ca l thp ly mu th dai va p
Cp thp Nhit luyn v quy cch ca l thp
A TMCP<->, N<->, CRS<50>, ARS<50>
B TMCP<50>, N<50>, CRS<25>, ARS<25>
D TMCP<50>, N<50>, CRS<25>
E TMCP, N
A32, A36
D32, D36
TMCP<50>,N<50>
E32, E36 TMCP, N
A40, D40 TMCP<50>,N<50>, QT<PH>
E40, F32, F36, F40 TMCP, N, QT<PH>
Ch thch:
Trong bng ny, nhng k hiu ghi sau k hiu phng php nhit luyn (xem ch thch
(1) v (2) trong Bng 7A/3.34) c ngha l khi lng mi l thp. V d <50> v <25>c
ngha l thp tm c khi lng khng ln hn 50 tn v 25 tn (cng quy trnh ch to
v cng m) c coi l mt l; c ngha l thp tm phi c coi l mt l khi
chng c cn trc tip t mt phi tm hoc phi thi; <PH>: c ngha l thp tm
phi c coi l mt l khi chng c cn trc tip t mt phi tm hoc phi thi,
nhit luyn ng thi cng mt l luyn bao gm c l luyn lin tc; v k hiu <->c
ngha l khng cn phi th dai va p.
3.11 Nhng quy nh b sung v tnh ng nht theo chiu dy ca thp
3.11.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh trong 3.11 c p dng cho thp c yu cu phi tng cng tnh ng
nht theo chiu dy, c lin quan ti thit k kt cu.
2 Nhng quy nh ny c p dng cho thp cn dng ng thn tu v thp cn c
bn cao c ti v ram dng tm hoc thanh dt c chiu dy t 15 mm tr ln.
3 Nhng quy nh ny cng c p dng cho cc loi thp khc vi vt liu quy nh -2
trn, nu ng kim thy ph hp.

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3.11.2 Tnh ng nht theo chiu dy
1 Tnh ng nht theo chiu dy ca thp phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/3.36 thng qua kt qu th ko ca cc mu th c ct theo chiu dy ng nht
ca sn phm thp.
Bng 7A/3.36 Tnh ng nht theo chiu dy
Th ko trn sut chiu dy
gim din tch (%)
Dng thp Hu t
Gi tr trung bnh ca ba
mu th (%)
Gi tr ca mt
mu th (%)
(1)

Z25 > 25 > 15 Thp cn cho v tu cng cao
Thp cn c ti v ram cho kt cu
Z35 > 35 > 25
Ch thch:
(1) Nu gi tr ca hai hay nhiu hn ca mu th t c nh hn gi tr trung bnh quy nh th
vic th coi nh khng tho mn.

3.11.3 Chn vt mu th
1 i vi thp tm c cng chiu dy, thuc cng mt m c v cng iu kin x l nhit,
mt vt mu phi c ct ra t mi m c theo quy nh Bng 7A/3.37.
2 Mi vt mu phi c ct ra t mt u (hoc nh phi) thuc phn tng ng vi on
gia theo chiu ngang ca thanh dt hoc tm (xem Hnh 7A/3.4).
3.11.4 Chn mu th
1 Ba mu th ko phi c ct ra t mt vt mu theo chiu dy ng nht ca thp.
2 Mu th phi c ct theo ng kch thc nh quy nh Bng 7A/3.38.
3 Nu chiu dy ca sn phm thp khng th ct c mu th di kp trn my
th, th cho php hn thm vo cc u mu th. Vic hn ny phi khng c lm hng
phn chiu di on lng tr.
3.11.5 Kim tra khng ph hu
1 Mi loi thp tho mn cc yu cu quy nh 3.11, c cn trc tip t cng mt phi
thi, phi tm, v.v... (c cng mt iu kin x l nhit) phi c kim tra siu m. Bt k
yu cu no i vi quy trnh kim tra v x l u phi c ng kim chp thun.

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Hinh 7A/3.4 Chn vt mu th
Bng 7A/3.37 L th ko theo chiu dy ng nht
Hm lng lu hunh S
Sn phm
S s 0,005% S >0,005%
Thp tm (mm) 
Chiu rng ca tm trn chiu dy danh ngha s 25 <10>
Chiu rng ca tm trn chiu dy danh ngha >25
<50>
<20>
Ch thch:
(1) Cc gi tr <50>, <20>, <10> ca bng c ngha l vi khi lng thp tm khng ln
hn tng ng vi 50, 20 v 10 tn c ly l mt l; : c ngha l thp tm phi
c coi l mt l khi chng c cn trc tip t mt phi tm hoc phi thi.
Bng 7A/3.38 Kch thc ca mu th
Chiu dy ca sn phm thp
t (mm)
ng knh mu th
d (mm)
Chiu di on lng tr
L (mm)
15 s t s 25 d = 6 9 s L
25 < t d =10 15 s L
1 Nu th ko theo chiu dy ng nht m khng t yu cu v khi kim tra li tho mn
theo Hnh 7A/3.5, th 3 mu th li c trin khai duy tr kim tra chi tit.
2 Vi kt qu ca vic kim tra li tun theo quy nh -1 trn, gi tr trung bnh ca c su
mu th phi ln hn gi tr trung bnh nh nht v khng ln hn 2 ln gi tr di ca
gi tr trung bnh nh nht.
ng tm
Hng cn chnh Vt mu
Mu th
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172
3 Trong trng hp th li khng t yu cu, c m cc chi tit th b loi b ln tng chi
tit ca m u phi c th li.

Hnh 7A/3.5 Kt qu th li cho php
3.11.7 ng du
Sn phm thp cn ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh 3.11 th phi ng thm k
hiu "Z25" nh trong Bng 7A/3.36 vo sau k hiu cp thp. (Th d: D36 - Z25 thay
cho thp D36).
3.12 Nhng quy nh b sung i vi c tnh hn ch gy gin
3.12.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh 3.12 c p dng cho thp c xem xt c bit n nhng tnh cht
hn ch gy gin c lin quan lin quan thit k kt cu.
2 Nhng quy nh p dng cho thp cn kt cu v l thp tm (E, E32, E36, E40, F32, F36
v F40)
3 Nhng yu cu p dng cho thp tm khc vi quy nh -2 trn, nu ng kim thy ph
hp.
3.12.2 Cc c tnh hn ch gy gin
1 Cc c tnh hn ch gy gin ca thp tm tha mn nhng yu cu trong Bng 7A/3.39
khi th chnh lch nhit hoc th ko gp i. Bt k yu cu no i vi quy trnh th
phi do ng kim quy nh trong tng trng hp c th.
2 Kim tra nt do gin c th c thay th th chnh lch nhit hoc th ko gp i
nh quy nh -1 nu ng kim cho php.
3.12.3 Chn vt mu th
1 i vi vt mu, thp tm (c cng chiu dy, cng mt m c v cng mt iu kin x
l nhit) khng ln hn 50 tn th c coi l mt l, v mt mu c ct ra t mi l.
2 Mi vt mu phi c ct ra t mt u (hoc nh phi) thuc phn tng ng vi on
gia theo chiu ngang ca thanh thp.

Gi tr nh nht ca
mt mu ring l
Gi tr trung bnh nh
nht ca 3 mu th
Gi tr ca mt
mu ring bit
co tht
Gi tr trung bnh
ca 3 mu
Kt qu th li cho php
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Bng 7A/3.39 c tnh hn ch gy gin
Th chnh lch nhit v th ko gp i
Dng thp
Dng
thuc tnh
Nhit nh lng
(0
o
C)
Gi tr bn ngn nga nt
do gin Kca (N/mm
1.5
)
A400 -10 > 3900
Thp cn cho
thn tu
E
E32, F32,
E36, F36,
E40, F40
A600 -10 > 5900
3.12.4 Chn mu th
1 Hai mu th ko phi ct ra t mt vt mu.
2 Cc mu th c ct phi c ng tm dc song song vi hng cn ln cui cng.
3 Chiu dy ca mu th phi tng ng vi chiu dy ca vt mu th.
4 Kch thc v kiu lp rp, tr quy nh -3 phi c ng kim chp thun.
1 Nu kt qu th chnh lch nhit hoc th ko gp i khng t yu cu th vic th
c th c thc hin b sung trn 2 mu th. Trong trng hp ny, vic xem xt
chp nhn gi tr ti hn gy gin i vi tt c 4 mu th.
3.12.6 ng du
Nhng sn phm thp ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh 3.12, th phi ng thm k
hiu "A400" hoc A600 nh trong Bng 7A/3.39 vo sau k hiu cp thp. (Th d: E40-
A400 thay cho thp E40)
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174
CHNG 4 NG THP
4.1 ng thp dng ch to ni hi v thit b trao i nhit
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh trong 4-1 c p dng cho cc ng thp dng vo vic truyn nhit qua
mt trong hoc mt ngoi ng; th d: ng khi, ng nc, ng ging, ng qu nhit ca
ni hi v cc ng khc dng cho thit b trao i nhit lm vic nhit cao, v.v... (sau
y, trong 4.1 gi l "ng thp").
2 ng thp c c tnh khc vi quy nh 4.1, phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh
1.1.1-2.
4.1.2 Cp ca ng thp
ng thp c phn thnh 7 cp nh a ra Bng 7A/4.1.
Bng 7A/4.1 Cp ca ng thp
Cp ng K hiu c im
Cp 2 STB 33 ng thp lin cc bon thp v ng thp c hn bng phng php in
tr
Cp 3 STB 35 ng thp lin lng cc bon thp v ng thp c hn bng phng php in
tr
Cp 4 STB 42 ng thp lin lng cc bon trung bnh v ng thp c hn bng phng
php in tr
Cp 12 STB 12 ng thp lin hp kim 1/2 Mo v ng thp c hn bng phng php in tr
Cp 22 STB 22 ng thp lin hp kim 1Cr -1/2Mo v ng thp c hn bng phng php
in tr
Cp 23 STB 23 ng thp lin hp kim 11/4Cr -1/2Mo -3/4Si
Cp 24 STB 24 ng thp lin hp kim 21/4Cr - 1Mo v ng thp c hn bng phng
php in tr
Ch thch:
Nhng k hiu ch r phng php ch to phi c vit vo sau nhng k hiu trong Bng
nh sau:
- ng thp lin c nng: - S - H
- ng thp lin ko ngui: -
S - C
- ng thp c hn bng phng php in tr lm vic iu kin khng nng
v khng lnh: - E - G
- ng thp c hn bng phng php in tr lm vic trng thi nng: - E - H
- ng thp c hn bng phng php in tr lm vic trng thi lnh: - E - C
4.1.3 Nhit luyn
ng thp phi c nhit luyn theo nhng quy nh Bng 7A/4.2.
ng thp phi c thnh phn ha hc nh quy nh Bng 7A/4.3.
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4.1.5 Tnh cht c hc
ng thp phi tha mn nhng yu cu v tnh cht c hc sau y:
(1) Th ko:
ng thp phi tha mn nhng yu cu c quy nh Bng 7A/4.4
(2) Th lm bp
Mt on ng c ly ra t u ng phi c th lm bp trng thi ngui bng
cch dng hai tm phng t song song p li m khng b nt hoc c khuyt tt r
cho n khi khong cch gia hai tm phng t n gi tr nh hn gi tr H tnh theo
cng thc sau. Trong trng hp ny, chiu di L ca mu th phi c ly khng
nh hn 50 mm, nhng khng c ln hn 100 mm. Tuy nhin, i vi ng c chiu
dy bng 15% ng knh ngoi tr ln, c th dng mu th kiu C th, phn chu
vi b ct ca mu th ch C c a ra Hnh 7A/4.2.
(1 e)t
H
t
e
D
+
=
+

Trong :
H : Khong cch gia hai tm phng p (mm);
t : Chiu dy ng (mm);
D : ng knh ngoi ca ng (mm);
e : Hng s c ly theo Bng 7A/4.5, ty thuc vo cp ca ng.
i vi ng c hn bng phng php in tr, ng hn phi c t vung
gc vi lc tc dng, nh trong Hnh 7A/4.1. Nu mu th kiu C c s dng, mu
th phi c t nh Hnh 7A/4.2.
Bng 7A/4.2 Nhit luyn ng thp
ng thp lin ng thp c hn theo phng php in tr Cp ng
Cng ngh
nng
Cng ngh ngui
Hn Cng ngh nng
Cng ngh ngui
Cp 2 Nh ko
(1)
Thng ha
(2)

Cp 3 Nh ko
(1)

Thng ha

Cp 4
nhit
thp, thng
ha hoc
hon ton Thng ha nhit thp Thng ha
(2)

Cp 12
nhit thp, ng nhit,
hon ton, thng ha hoc
thng ha v ram
ng nhit, hon ton, thng ha hoc thng
ha v ram
Cp 22
nhit thp, ng nhit,
hon ton hoc thng ha
v ram
ng nhit, hon ton hoc thng ha v ram
Cp 23 __
Cp 24
ng nhit, hon ton hoc
thng ha v ram nhit
650
o
C tr ln
ng nhit, hon ton hoc thng ha v ram
nhit 650
o
tr ln
Ch thch:
(1) nhit thp hoc thng ha c th c p dng, nu cn thit.
(2) Trc khi lm ngui phi i vi ng thp hn theo phng php in tr gia cng
ngui c thng ha.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

176
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp ng
C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
Cp 2 s 0,18 s 0,35 0,25 0,60 s 0,035 s 0,035
Cp 3 s 0,18 0,10 0,35 0,30 0,60 s 0,035 s 0,035
Cp 4 s 0,32 0,10 0,35 0,30 0,80 s 0,035 s 0,035
Cp 12 0,10 0,20 0,10 0,50 0,30 0,80 s 0,035 s 0,035 0,45 0,65
Cp 22 s 0,15 0,50 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,035 0,80 1,25 0,45 0,65
Cp 23 s 0,15 0,50 1,00 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 1,00 1,50 0,45 0,65
Cp 24 s 0,15 s 0,50 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 1,90 2,60 0,87 1,13
Ch thch:
Trong trng hp nu c ng kim chp nhn, thp cp 3 v cp 4 c th l thp lng
c hm lng Si di 0,10%.
Bng 7A/4.4 Th ko
Cp ng Gii hn chy hoc gii
hn chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L 5,65. A) =
Cp 2 > 175 > 325 > 26(22)
Cp 3 > 175 > 340 > 26(22)
Cp 4 > 255 > 410 > 21(17)
Cp 12 > 205 > 380 > 21(17)
Cp 22, 23 v 24 > 205 > 410 > 21(17)
Ch thch:
(1) Gi tr gin di trong ngoc c p dng cho mu th ly theo chiu ngang. Trong
trng hp ny, vt mu c nung ln n 600
o
C n 650
o
C sau c nh bp,
lm cho vt mu khng cn bin dng d.
(2) Trng hp mu th c ct ra t ng hn in tr khng c dng hnh ng th n
phi c ct sao cho ng hn khng nm trong mu th.
Bng 7A/4.5 Gi tr ca e
ng cp 2 v 3 0,09
Cc cp ng khc 0,08
(3) Th b g
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177
Mt on ng c ct ra t u cui ca ng phi c b g ngui. ng knh
ngoi ca g khng c nh hn gi tr quy nh Bng 7A/4.6. G phi vung gc
vi trc ng m khng c vt nt hoc ch r. Trong trng hp ny, sau khi b g
mu th phi c chiu di L o theo phn ng cn li, khng c nh hn 0,5D. Vic
th ny ch tin hnh cho cc ng cp 2 c chiu dy thnh ng khng ln hn 1/10
ng knh ngoi ca n v khng ln hn 5 mm.

Hnh 7A/4.1 Th lm bp

Hnh 7A/4.2 Th lm bp cho mu th ch C
Bng 7A/4.6 ng knh ngoi ca g sau khi b
ng knh ngoi ca ng D (mm) ng knh ngoi ca g (mm)
D <63 1,3D
D > 63 D +20
(4) Th nong ng:
Mt on ng c ct ra t u cui ca ng phi c nong ngui bng mt dng
c c gc loe 60
o
. Vic nong c tin hnh cho n khi ming ng loe ra vi ng
knh nh nu Bng 7A/4.7 m khng xut hin vt nt hoc r. Trong trng hp
ny, chiu di mu th phi bng 1,5D, nhng khng c nh hn 50 mm. i vi
ng thp cp 2 nu tin hnh th b g th khng cn phi th nong ng.
ng hn
H
Hng lc tc dng
Hng lc tc dng
Mu th ch C
H
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Bng 7A/4.7 ng knh ngoi ca u ng sau khi nong ng
Cp ng ng knh ngoi ca u ng (mm)
Cp 2, 3 v 4 1,2 D
Cp 12, 22, 23 v 24 1,14 D
(5) Th nn ng
Nu ng kim yu cu, phi tin hnh th nn cho ng thp cp 2. Chiu cao on
ng th ly bng 65 mm. on ng ny phi chu nn dc m khng b nt hoc rn
khi t n chiu cao quy nh Bng 7A/4.8.
Bng 7A/4.8 Chiu cao ca on ng sau khi th nn
Chiu dy ng t (mm) Chiu cao on ng sau khi th nn
t s 3,4 19 mm hoc ti khi mt ngoi np gp chm nhau
t >3,4 32 mm
(6) Th p bp ngc chiu
Mt on ng di 100 mm ct ra t ng thp v c x rnh theo chiu dc ng
pha i din vi ng hn. Sau b nga ra v p bp on ng khng c c
vt nt hoc khuyt tt pha trong ca ng hn v cng khng c c lch
tm, l thng hoc chng mp. Vic th ny ch p dng i vi ng thp ch to
bng phng php hn in tr.
(7) Th thy lc
(a) Ti Nh my ch to, cc ng thp phi c th thy lc vi p sut th bng 2
ln tr ln so vi p sut lm vic ln nht. Tuy nhin, p sut th ti thiu phi
l 7,0 MPa.
(b) p sut th quy nh (a) khng yu cu phi ln hn p sut tnh theo cng
thc sau:
2St
P
D
=
Trong :
P : p sut th thy lc (MPa);
S : 60% gi tr gii hn chy ti thiu hoc gii hn chy quy c (N/mm
2
).
(c) Nu mi ng u c th thy lc theo quy trnh ch to ca nh my, cc ng
c ng s lin tc v cc kt qu c thng bo cho ng kim th ng
kim c th khng cn chng kin khi th.
(d) Khi thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu th khng ph hy thay cho th thy
lc nh quy nh (a).

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179
4.1.6 Chn mu th
Cc mu th phi c ct t mi cp ng v c ng c nhit luyn trong cng mt
l luyn, cng mt thi gian hoc t mi cp ng v c ng khng qua nhit luyn, theo
yu cu quy nh (1) v (2) di y:
(1) ng thp trn trn
(a) ng cp 2:
Mi on ng mu phi c ly ra t mt l ng vi s lng 100 ng hoc t
hn. Cc mu th ko, th p bp, th b g hoc th nong ng, mi loi mu
phi c ct ra t cc on ng mu .
(b) ng khng phi l ng cp 2:
Mt on ng mu phi c chn t mt l vi s lng 50 ng hoc phn d
ca 50 ng ny. Cc mu th ko, th nong ng v th p bp (mi loi mt
mu th) phi c ct ra t cc on ng mu .
(2) ng thp hn theo phng php in tr
i vi ng thp c hn theo phng php in tr, ngoi nhng quy nh (1)
trn, mt on ng mu phi c chn t mi l vi s lng 100 ng hoc phn d
ca 100 ng ny. Mt mu th p bp ngc chiu phi c ct ra t mi ng mu.
(3) Mu th ko phi tha mn nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/2.1.
4.1.7 Dung sai kch thc ca ng
Dung sai ng knh ngoi v chiu dy ng phi tun theo nhng quy nh Bng 7A/4.9.
4.1.8 Cht lng
ng thp phi c cht lng ng nht v khng c khuyt tt c hi. i vi ng thp
c hn theo phng php in tr, nu pha ngoi ng c vy hn th phi c ty
sch v nh bng. Nu pha bn trong ng c vy hn nh qu cao th phi ty sao cho
chiu cao khng qu 0,25 mm.
4.1.9 ng du
Tn hoc nhn hiu ca Nh sn xut, cp ca ng, k hiu phng php ch to, quy
cch ng phi c ng r rng hoc chm ni trn mi thn ng, nu ng knh ngoi
ca ng t 30 mm tr ln v dn mc trn mi b hoc thng ng ng nu ng knh
ngoi ca ng nh hn 30 mm. chng t rng ng thp tha mn cc yu cu lin
quan, phi ng du ca ng kim bn cnh cc k hiu ni trn.
4.2 ng thp dng ch to ng ng chu p lc
4.2.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh trong 4.2 c p dng cho ng thp dng lm ng ng thuc nhm 1
v nhm 2 nh quy nh Phn 3 (sau y, trong 4.2 gi l ng thp).
2 Ngoi nhng quy nh 1.2, 1.4 v t 4.2.2 n 4.2.9, ng thp cc bon dng lm
ng ng thng, quy nh 12.1.5-1, Phn 3, phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu (1)
v (2) di y:
(1) ng thp phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu cc TCVN tng ng (ng thp cc bon
dng lm ng ng thng) hoc cc tiu chun tng ng khc.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

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(2) ng kim khng yu cu th duyt quy trnh ch to.
3 ng thp c c tnh khc vi 4.2, phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh 1.1.1-2.
Bng 7A/4.9 Dung sai kch thc ng
(a) Dung sai ng knh ngoi (mm)
ng knh ngoi
ca ng (mm)
Loi

D <100

100 s D <160

160 s D <200

200 s D
ng lin c nng
+0,4
-0,8
+0,4
-1,2
+0,4
-1,8
+0,4
-2,4
ng knh ngoi
ca ng (mm)

Loi

D <25

25 s D
<40

40 s D
<50

50 s D
<60

60 s D
<80

80 s D
<100

100 s D
<120

120 s D
<160

160 s D
<200

D s 200
ng lin ko ngui
v ng c hn
bng phng php
in tr, gia cng
ngui

0,10

0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,40
+0,40
- 0,60
+0,40
- 0,80
+0,40
- 1,20
+0,4
- 1,60
ng c hn
bng phng php
in tr, khng gia
cng ngui

0,15

0,20

0,25

0,30

0,40

+0,40
- 0,60

+0,40
- 0,80

+0,40
- 1,00

+0,40
- 1,20

+0,4
- 1,60
4.2.2 Cp ca ng thp
ng thp c phn thnh 12 cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/4.10.
4.2.3 Nhit luyn
ng thp phi c nhit luyn ph hp vi quy nh Bng 7A/4.11.
ng thp phi c thnh phn ha hc nh quy nh Bng 7A/4.12.
4.2.5 Tnh cht c hc
ng thp phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu v tnh cht c hc sau y :
(1) Th ko
ng thp phi c th ko v c tnh cht c hc tha mn yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/4.13.
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181
(b) Dung sai chiu dy (%, tr nhng ch c quy nh khc)
Loi Chiu dy t (mm)

ng
knh ngoi D (mm)
t <2 2 s t <2,4 2,4 s t <3,8 3,8 s t <4,6 4,6 s t
D <100
__ +40
0
+35
0
+33
0
+28
0
ng lin c nng
D > 100
__ __ +35
0
+33
0
+28
0
D <40
+0,4 mm
0
+20
0
ng lin ko ngui
v ng c hn
bng phng
php in tr, gia
cng ngui
D > 40
+22
0
D <40
+0,3 mm
0
+18
0
ng lm bng
phng php in
tr, khng gia
cng ngui
D > 40
+18
0
Ch thch:
i vi ng lin c nng, ty theo chiu dy thnh ng, dung sai chiu dy phi nh hn
22,8% chiu dy thnh ng. i vi ng c chiu dy nh hn 5,6 mm khng p dng quy nh
ny.
(2) Th un
Mt on ng mu th un c ct ra t on cui ca ng thp vi chiu di
un ngui n gi tr nh quy nh Bng 7A/4.14, m khng c vt nt hoc khuyt
tt trn thnh ng. i vi ng thp cp 4 khng cn th un.
(3) Th lm bp
Mt on ng c ct ra t u ng phi c th lm bp trng thi ngui bng
hai tm phng t song song p li m khng c vt nt hoc khuyt tt. Khong cch
gia hai tm phng phi sao cho t n gi tr nh hn gi tr H tnh theo cng thc
di y. Trong trng hp ny, chiu dy mu th phi tha mn yu cu quy nh
4.1.5 (2). Tuy nhin, i vi ng c chiu dy bng 15% ng knh ngoi tr ln,
c th dng mu th kiu ch C th, phn chu vi b ct ca mu th ch C c
a ra Hnh 7A/4.2.
(a) Khong cch gia 2 tm phng p dng lm bp mu th i vi cc mu th
khng phi l ng hn in tr cp 1:
(1 e)t
H =
t
e
D
+
+

Trong :
H : Khong cch gia hai tm phng (mm).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

182
t : Chiu dy ng (mm).
D : ng knh ngoi ng (mm).
e : Hng s ly theo Bng 7A/ 4.15
Bng 7A/4.10 Cp ca ng thp
Cp ng K hiu M t
S 2 STPG 38 ng lin bng thp cc bon thp v ng thp hn in tr
ng cp 1
S 3 STPG 42 ng lin bng thp cc bon va v ng thp hn in tr
S 2 STS 38 ng lin bng thp lng cc bon thp
S 3 STS 42 ng cp 2
S 4 STS 49
ng lin bng thp lng cc bon trung bnh
S 2 STPT 38
ng lin bng thp lng cc bon thp ht th v ng thp hn
in tr
S 3 STPT 42
ng lin bng thp lng cc bon trung bnh ht th v ng thp
hn in tr
S 4 STPT 49 ng lin bng thp cc bon trung bnh lng ht th
ng cp 3
S 12 STPA 12 ng lin bng thp hp kim 1/2 Mo
S 22 STPA 22 ng lin bng thp hp kim 1/2 Mo 1Cr
S 23 STPA 23 ng lin bng thp hp kim 11/4 Cr -1/2 Mo - 3/4 Si ng cp 4
S 24 STPA 24 ng lin bng thp hp kim 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo
Ch thch:
K hiu phng php ch to phi c ghi vo cui nhng k hiu trn nh sau:
ng lin cn nng: - S - H
ng lin ko ngui: - S - C
ng hn in tr ngoi ng ch to theo cng ngh nng v lnh: - E - G
ng hn in tr theo cng ngh nng: - E - H
ng hn in tr theo cng ngh lnh: - E - C

(b) ng hn in tr cp 1:
2D
H
3
= cho phn c ng hn
D
H
3
= cho nhng phn khc
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT

183
i vi ng hn in tr, ng hn phi c t vung gc vi hng lc p nh
Hnh 7A/4.1. i vi mu th ch C, khi th lm bp, mu th c t nh Hnh
7A/4.2.
Bng 7A/4.11 Nhit luyn
ng thp lin ng thp hn in tr
Cp ng
Cn nng Ko ngui Nh hn Cn nng Cn ngui
S 2
ng
cp 1
S 3
Nh ko Nh hn Nh ko
S 2 Nh ko
(1)

nhit
thp hoc
thng ha

S 3
ng
cp 2
S 4
Nh ko
(1)

nhit
thp hoc
thng ha

S 2
S 3
nhit
thp hoc
thng ha
Nh ko
(1)

nhit thp
hoc thng ha
ng
cp 3
S 4
Nh ko
(1)

nhit
thp hoc
thng ha

S 12
nhit thp, ng
nhit, hon ton, thng
ha hoc thng ha v ram
S 22
nhit thp, ng
nhit, hon ton, thng
ha hoc thng ha v ram

S 23
ng
cp 4
S 24
ng nhit, ton phn
hoc thng ha v ram
nhit 650
o
C tr ln

Ch thch:
(1) nhit thp hoc thng ha c th phi c p dng, nu cn thit.

(4) Th thy lc
(a) Cc ng phi c th thy lc vi p sut quy nh Bng 7A/ 4.16.
(b) Nu khch hng yu cu th vi p sut ln hn p sut quy nh (a) th phi
th ng thp vi p sut do khch hng yu cu.
Trong trng hp ny, p sut th khng yu cu ln hn tr s tnh theo cng
thc sau:
S.t
P 2
D
=
Trong :
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184
2
).
(c) Nu mi ng u c th thy lc theo quy trnh trong qu trnh ch to ca nh
my v cc ng c nh s lin tc v cc kt qu th c thng bo cho
ng kim, th ng kim vin c th khng cn chng kin khi th.
(d) Nu cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh kim tra khng ph hy thay
cho th thy lc theo quy nh (a) trn.
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp ng
C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
Cp 1 S 2 s 0,25 s 0,35 0,30 0,90 s 0,040 s 0,040
S 3 s 0,30 s 0,35 0,30 1,00 s 0,040 s 0,040
S 2 s 0,25 0,10 0,35 0,30 1,10 s 0,035 s 0,035
Cp 2 S 3 s 0,30 0,10 0,35 0,30 1,40 s 0,035 s 0,035
S 4 s 0,33 0,10 0,35 0,30 1,50 s 0,035 s 0,035
S 2 s 0,25 0,10 0,35 0,30 0,90 s 0,035 s 0,035
Cp 3 S 3 s 0,30 0,10 0,35 0,30 1,00 s 0,035 s 0,035
S 4 s 0,33 0,10 0,35 0,30 1,00 s 0,035 s 0,035
S 12 0,10 0,20 0,10 0,50 0,30 0,80 s 0,035 s 0,035 0,45 0,65
Cp 4 S 22 s 0,15 s 0,50 0,30 0,60 s 0,035 s 0,035 0,80 1,25 0,45 0,65
S 23 s 0,15 0,50 1,00 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 1,00 1,50 0,45 0,65
S 24 s 0,15 s 0,50 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 1,90 2,60 0,87 1,13
4.2.6 Chn mu th
Cc mu th ng phi c ct t mi cp v mi c ng khc nhau c nhit luyn
trong cng mt thi gian, hoc t mi cp ng v mi c ng khng qua nhit luyn theo
yu cu sau:
(1) ng cp 1
Phi chn mt ng mu t mt l ng nh quy nh trong Bng 7A/4.17, mt mu th
ko v th lm bp phi c ct ra t mi ng mu. i vi ng c ng knh bng
50 mm tr xung, mu th lm bp c th c thay cho mu th un.
(2) ng cp 2 v 3
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185
Mt mu th ko v th lm bp phi c ct ra t mi ng mu chn ra t mi l c
s lng 50 ng hoc phn d ca 50 ng. ng c ng knh ngoi 50 mm tr
xung c th thay mu th lm bp cho mu th un.
(3) ng cp 4
Mt mu th ko v th lm bp phi c ct ra t mi ng mu chn ra t mi l c
s lng 50 ng hoc phn d ca 50 ng.
(4) Mu th ko phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/2.1.
Bng 7A/4.13 Th ko
Cp ng Gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy
quy c (N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L 5,65 A) =
ng cp 1s 2
ng cp 2 s 2 > 215 > 370 > 24 (20)
ng cp 3 s 2
ng cp 1 s 3
ng cp 2 s 3 > 245 > 410 > 21 (17)
ng cp 3 s 3
ng cp 2 s 4
ng cp 3 s 4
> 275

> 480 > 19 (15)
ng cp 4 s 12 > 205 > 380 > 21 (17)
ng cp 4 s 22
ng cp 4 s 23 > 205 > 410 > 21 (17)
ng cp 4 s 24
Ch thch:
(1) Nhng yu cu v gin di ghi ngoc n trong Bng c p dng trong trng
hp mu th c ct theo chiu ngang. Trong trng hp ny, sau khi lm bp, cung
th phi c kh ng sut d nhit t 600
o
C n 650
o
C.
(2) Nu mu th khng c dng ng c ct t ng thp hn in tr, mu th phi c
ct ra t phn khng c ng hn.
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186
Bng 7A/4.14 Th un
Cp ng Gc un Bn knh un trong
1,2 v 3 90
o
Su ln ng knh ngoi ca ng
Ch thch:
ng thp hn in tr phi c un sao cho phn ng hn b un l ln nht.

Bng 7A/4.15 Gi tr ca e

Cp ng
ng cp 1 s 3
ng cp 2 s 3
ng cp 3 s 3
ng cp 2 s 4
ng cp 3 s 4
ng cp 1 s 2
ng cp 2 s 2
ng cp 3 s 2
ng cp 4 tt c cc s
e 0,07 0,08

W
55 mm
1
0

m
m
Hnh 7A/4.3 V tr chn mu th dai va p ct t ng lin hoc
nhng ch khng thuc ng hn t ng lm bng
phng php hn in tr

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187
Bng 7A/4.16 Quy cch ng v p sut th thy lc
Chiu dy danh ngha (mm) ng
knh
danh ngha
(A)
ng
knh
ngoi
(mm)
S hiu
quy cch
10 (10S)
S hiu
quy cch
20 (20S)
S hiu
quy cch
30
S hiu
quy cch
40
S hiu
quy cch
60
S hiu
quy cch
80
S hiu
quy cch
100
S hiu
quy cch
120
S hiu
quy cch
140
S hiu
quy cch
160
6 10,5 (1,2) (1,5) 1,7 2,2 2,4
8 13,8 (1,65) (2,0) 2,2 2,4 3,0
10 17,3 (1,65) (2,0) 2,3 2,8 3,2
15 21,7 (2,10) (2,5) 2,8 3,2 3,7 4,7
20 27,2 (2,1) (2,5) 2,9 3,4 3,9 5,5
25 34,0 (2,8) (3,0) 3,4 3,9 4,5 6,4
32 42,7 (2,8) (3,0) 3,6 4,5 4,9 6,4
40 48,6 (2,8) (3,0) 3,7 4,5 5,1 7,1
50 60,5 (2,8) 3,2 (3,5) 3,9 4,9 5,5 8,7
65 76,3 (3,0) 4,5 (3,5) 5,2 6,0 7,0 9,5
80 89,1 (3,0) 4,5 (4,0) 5,5 6,6 7,6 11,1
90 101,6 (3,0) 4,5 (4,0) 5,7 7,0 8,1 12,7
100 114,3 (3,0) 4,9 (4,0) 6,0 7,1 8,6 11,1 13,5
125 139,8 (3,4) 5,1 (5,0) 6,6 8,1 9,5 12,7 15,9
150 165,2 (3,4) 5,5 (5,0) 7,1 9,3 11,0 14,3 18,2
200 216,3 (4,0) 6,4 (6,5) 7,0 8,2 10,3 12,7 15,1 18,2 20,6 23,0
250 267,4 (4,0) 6,4 (6,5) 7,8 9,3 12,7 15,1 18,1 21,4 25,4 28,6
300 318,5 (4,5) 6,4 (6,5) 8,4 10,3 14,3 17,4 21,4 25,4 28,6 33,3
350 355,6 6,4 7,9 9,5 11,1 15,1 19,0 23,8 27,8 31,8 35,7
400 406,4 6,4 7,9 9,5 12,7 16,7 21,4 26,2 30,9 36,5 40,5
450 457,2 6,4 7,9 11,1 14,3 19,0 23,8 29,4 34,9 39,7 45,2
500 508,0 6,4 9,5 12,7 15,1 20,6 26,2 32,5 38,1 44,4 50,0
550 558,8 6,4 9,5 12,7 15,9 22,2 28,6 34,9 41,3 47,6 54,0
600 609,4 6,4 9,5 14,3 17,5 24,6 31,0 38,9 46,0 52,4 59,5
650 660,4 7,9 12,7 18,9 26,4 34,0 41,6 49,1 56,6 64,2
p sut th
thy lc (MPa)
2,0 3,5 5,0 6,0 9,0 12 15 18 20 20
Ch thch:
Gi tr chiu dy danh ngha trong ngoc n p dng cho ng thp khng g.
Bng 7A/4.17 S ng mu t mi l
ng knh ngoi S ng mu t mi l
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188
D (mm)
D < 70
Mt ng i vi mi l ng c s lng 1000 ng hoc phn d
ca 1000 ng
70 s D < 160
ca 500 ng
160 s D < 350
ca 250 ng
D > 350
ca 150 ng
4.2.7 Dung sai kch thc ng
Dung sai ng knh ngoi v chiu dy ng phi tha mn yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/4.18.
Bng 7A/ 4.18 Dung sai kch thc
(1)
Dung sai chiu dy thnh ng
Loi
ng knh
ngoi D(mm)
Dung sai
ng
knh ngoi Cp 1 Cp 2,3 v 4
D < 50 0,5 mm
Chiu dy ng:
t < 4 (mm)
+0,6 mm
- 0,5 mm
Chiu dy ng:
t < 4 (mm)
0,5 mm
50 s D 160 1%
160 s D 200 1,6 mm

ng lin
c nng
D > 200 0,8%
(2)
Chiu dy ng:
t > 4 (mm)
+15%
- 12,5%
Chiu dy ng:
t > 4 (mm)
12,5%
D < 40 0,3 mm
Chiu dy ng:
t < 3 (mm)
0,3 mm
Chiu dy ng:
t < 2 (mm)
0,2 mm
ng lin c
ko ngui v ng
c hn bng
phng
php in tr
D > 40 0,8%
(2)
Chiu dy ng:
t > 3 (mm)
10%
Chiu dy ng:
t > 2 (mm)
10%
Ch thch:
(1) i vi ng thp lin c nng cp 2, 3 v 4, dung sai cho php v s khc nhau ca
chiu dy thnh ng phi khng c ln hn 20% chiu dy thnh ng. Nhng ng c
chiu dy nh hn 5,6 mm, khng p dng quy nh ny.
(2) i vi ng c ng knh ngoi bng v ln hn 350 mm, chu vi c th c xem
nh l c s i vi dung sai ng knh ngoi ng. Trong trng hp ny, dung sai
l 0,5 %.
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189
4.2.8 Cht lng
ng thp phi c cht lng ng nht v khng c nhng khuyt tt c hi.
4.2.9 ng du
Trc khi xut xng, tn hoc nhn hiu ca nh ch to, k hiu cp ng thp, k hiu
phng php ch to v quy cch ng phi c ng hoc khc vo tng ng c ng
knh ngoi t 60 mm tr ln v ng vo mc gn vo mi b ng c ng knh ngoi
tng ng nh hn 60 mm. chng t ng thp tha mn cc yu cu, du ca ng
kim phi c ng gn nhng k hiu ni trn.
4.3 ng thp khng g
4.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh trong 4.3 c p dng cho ng thp khng g s dng nhit thp
hoc iu kin chng n mn (sau y, trong 4.3 gi l ng thp khng g).
2 ng thp khng g c c tnh khc vi yu cu quy nh 4.3 th phi ph hp vi yu
cu quy nh 1.1.1-2.
4.3.2 Cp ca ng thp khng g
ng thp khng g c phn thnh 10 loi nh a ra trong Bng 7A/4.19.
4.3.3 Nhit luyn
Thng thng ng thp khng g c nhit luyn trng thi rn.
Thnh phn ha hc ca ng thp khng g phi tha mn cc yu cu a ra Bng
7A/4.19.
4.3.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca ng thp khng g phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu sau y :
(1) Th ko
ng thp phi c th ko v c tnh cht c hc tha mn yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/4.20.
(2) Th lm bp
Th lm bp phi c tin hnh ph hp vi yu cu 4.2.5 (3). Khi p dng yu
cu ny gi tr ca e c ly bng 0,09. i vi ng c ng knh ngoi bng v
ln hn 200 mm c hn bng phng php hn t ng, hn bng chm laze v
hn in tr, th un vng hn c th c thc hin thay cho th lm bp, nu c
ng kim chp nhn.
(3) Th thy lc
(a) ng thp khng g phi c tin hnh th thy lc theo p sut quy nh Bng
7A/4.21.
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190
Bng 7A/4.19 Cp v thnh phn ha hc ca ng thp khng g
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp ng
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Cht khc
304TP s 0,08 8,0 11,0
304LTP s 0,03 9,0 13,0
18,0 20,0
309STP

s 1,00
12,0 15,0 22,0 24,0
310STP s 1,5 19,0 22,0 24,0 26,0

__
316TP

s 0,08
10,0 14,0
316LTP s 0,03 12,0 16,0
16,0 18,0 2,0 3,0
317TP s 0,08
317LTP s 0,03
11,0 15,0 18,0 20,0 3,0 4,0

__
321TP Ti > 5 x C
347TP
s 0,08

s 1,00

s 2,00

s 0,040

s 0,030
9,00 13,0 17,0 19,0 __
Nb >10 x C
(b) Nu khch hng yu cu th vi p sut ln hn so vi quy nh (a) th nh ch
to phi th theo yu cu ca khch hng. Khi , p sut th khng c ln
hn gi tr tnh theo cng thc sau:
S.t
P 2
D
=
Trong :
D : ng knh ngoi ca ng thp (mm);
2
).
(c) Nu theo quy nh ca Nh my ch to, mi ng thp u c th thy lc
trong qu trnh sn xut, c nh s lin tc v cc kt qu th c thng
bo cho ng kim, th khi tin hnh th thy lc khng cn c s chng kin ca
ng kim.
(d) Nu cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th khng ph hy thay cho
th thy lc quy nh (a) trn.
2 ng kim c th yu cu tin hnh th b sung kh nng chng n mn hoc th dai
va p ph hp vi quy nh th 4.3, nu thy cn thit.
4.3.6 Chn mu th
Mi ng mu phi c chn t mi l c s lng 50 ng hoc phn d ca 50 ng trong
cng m c c cng c v cp, v c nhit luyn trong cng mt thi gian. Mi mu
th ko v th lm bp phi c ct ra t mi ng mu . Tuy nhin, th un vng hn
c th phi c thc hin, mi mt mu th phi c ct t 120 m ng hoc phn d
ca n, c c trong cng m c c cng c v cp, v c nhit luyn ng thi.
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191
4.3.7 Dung sai v kch thc ng
Dung sai ng knh ngoi v chiu dy thnh ca ng thp phi tha mn cc yu cu quy
nh Bng 7A/4.22.
Bng 7A/4.20 Th ko
(2)(3)
gin di (%)
(L 5,65 A) =
Mc ng
Gii hn chy hoc
gii hn chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn
(N/mm
2
)
L
(1)
T
(1)

304TP > 205 > 520
304LTP > 175 > 480
309STP
310STP
316TP

> 205

> 520
> 26 > 22
316LTP > 175 > 480
317TP > 205 > 520
317LTP > 175 > 480
321TP
347TP
> 205 > 520

Ch thch:
(1) Ch L (hoc ch T) biu th ng tm dc ca mu th c b tr song song (hoc
vung gc) vi hng cn ln cui cng.
(2) Nu ng knh danh ngha ca ng thp khng g bng 200 mm hoc ln hn, mu th
ko c th c ct theo chiu ngang.
(3) Nu mu th khng phi l dng ng c ct ra t cc ng hn bng phng php
hn t ng, hn bng chm laze v hn in tr th cc mu th khng c ly t
nhng phn c ng hn.
Bng 7A/4.21 p sut th thy lc
S hiu quy cch chiu dy 10S 20S 40 80 120 160
p sut th (MPa) 2,0 3,5 6,0 12 18 20
4.3.8 Cht lng
Cht lng ca ng thp khng g phi ng nht v khng c nhng khuyt tt c hi.
4.3.9 ng du
Vic ng du vo ng thp khng g phi tun th theo nhng quy nh 4.2.9.

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192
4.4 ng gp ni hi
4.4.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 4.4 c p dng cho ng gp ni hi.
2 ng gp ni hi c nhng c tnh khc vi yu cu quy nh 4.4, phi tha mn nhng
yu cu quy nh 1.1.1-2.
4.4.2 Cp ca ng gp
ng gp ni hi c chia thnh 6 cp nh a ra Bng 7A/ 4.23.
Bng 7A/4.22 Dung sai ng knh ngoi v chiu dy thnh ng
Phn loi
ng knh
ngoi D
(mm)
Dung sai
ng knh
ngoi
Chiu dy ng
t (mm)
Dung sai chiu
dy thnh ng
ng lin c nng
D <50
D > 50
0,5 mm
1%
t <4
t > 4
0,5 mm
12,5%
ng lin ko ngui, ng lm bng
phng php hn h quang t
ng, ng lm bng phng
php hn bng tia laze v ng
lm bng phng php hn in
tr
D <30

D > 30
0,3 mm

1%
t <2

t > 2
0,2 mm

10%
Ch thch:
S khc nhau v chiu dy thnh ng thp lin c nng khng c qu 20% chiu dy ng.
Quy nh ny khng p dng cho ng c chiu dy thnh nh hn 5,6 mm.
Bng 7A/4.23 Cp ca ng gp ni hi
Cp Cp 1 Cp 2 Cp 3 Cp 4 Cp 5 Cp 6
K hiu BH - 1 BH - 2 BH - 3 BH - 4 BH - 5 BH - 6
4.4.3 Nhit luyn
ng gp ni hi phi c nhit luyn bng cch hoc thng ha.
ng gp ni hi phi c thnh phn ha hc ph hp vi Bng 7A/4.24
4.4.5 Tnh cht c hc
ng gp ni hi phi c tnh cht c hc tha mn nhng quy nh di y:
(1) Th ko:
ng gp ni hi phi c th ko v c tnh cht c hc tha mn nhng yu cu
quy nh Bng 7A/4.25.
(2) Th un:
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193
Mu th phi chu c un ngui vt qua gc un l 180
o
ti khi bn knh trong ch
un t 12 mm, m pha mt ngoi phn b un khng b khuyt tt hoc b nt. Nu
khng ly c mu th c chiu dy 20 mm th vn gi nguyn chiu dy ca mu
th, nhng chiu rng ca mu th khng c nh hn 1,5 ln chiu ng v bn
knh trong ca ch un phi bng vi chiu dy ca mu th.
4.4.6 Chn mu th
1 Mu th ko phi c ct theo chiu dc hoc chiu ngang hng cn thp v mu th
un phi c ct vung gc vi hng cn thp tnh t cc u h ca ng gp ni hi.
2 i vi ng gp ni hi c cng quy cch, cng m c v cng c nhit luyn trong
mt l th cc mu th ko v th un c chn theo yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/4.26.
3 Nu hai u ca ng gp ni hi c bt li nh rn th cung th c kch thc thch
hp c th c ct ra t u m ca ng trc khi mang i rn. Trong trng hp ny,
cc cung th phi c nhit luyn vi thn ng trong cng mt l.
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp K hiu
C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
Cp 1 BH - 1 s 0,25 0,10 0,35 0,30 0,80 s 0,040 s 0,040
Cp 2 BH - 2 s 0,30 0,10 0,35 0,30 0,80 s 0,040 s 0,040
Cp 3 BH - 3 0,10 0,20 0,10 0,50 0,30 0,80 s 0,030 s 0,040 0,45 0,65
Cp 4 BH - 4 0,10 0,20 0,10 0,50 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 0,80 1,20 0,20 0,45
Cp 5 BH - 5 s 0,15 0,10 0,50 0,30 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 0,80 1,20 0,45 0,65
Cp 6 BH - 6 s 0,15 0,10 0,50 0,30 0,50 s 0,030 s 0,030 2,00 2,50 0,90 1,10
4 Nu cung th c ct t ng gp ni hi c hnh trn, v.v..., cn phi th lm bp
th cung th phi c ct t thn ng trc khi mang i nhit luyn. Sau khi c
lm bp, cung th phi c nhit luyn cng vi thn ng trong cng mt l, hoc
cung th phi c ct t cc kt cu sau khi c nhit luyn v lm bp
trng thi ngui. Nhng cung th ny phi c nhit luyn nhit t 600
o
C n
650
o
C nhm lm mt i nhng ch bin dng do b lm bp v nhng mu th phi
c ct t cc cung th ny.
5 Mu th ko v mu th un phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu tng ng nu trong Bng
7A/2.1 v Bng 7A/2.4.
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194
Bng 7A/4.25 Th ko
Cp ng K hiu
Gii hn chy hoc gii
hn chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L =5,65 A )
co tht
(%)
Cp 1 BH - 1 > 205 > 410 > 24 > 38
Cp 2 BH - 2 > 225 > 450 > 23 > 40
Cp 3 BH - 3 > 205 > 380 > 22 > 40
Cp 4 BH - 4 > 205 > 410 > 21 > 40
Cp 5 BH - 5 > 205 > 410 > 21 > 40
Cp 6 BH - 6 > 205 > 410 > 21 > 40
Ch thch:
Nu mu th c ct vung gc vi hng cn, th gi tr gii hn chy v gii hn bn ko
phi l gi tr nu Bng trn, v gin di c gim 5% so vi gi tr nu Bng trn. Tr
s co tht c th gi li trong h s tham kho.
4.4.7 Dung sai chiu dy
Dung sai chiu dy ca ng thp l 12,5%. Tuy nhin, quy nh v dung sai chiu dy
ny c th khng p dng cho phn bt kn ca ng gp trn phn mt ct trn hoc
vung, cc gc bn ca ng gp vung v ng gp.
4.4.8 Cht lng
ng gp ni hi phi c cht lng ng nht v khng b khuyt tt c hi.
Bng 7A/4.26 S lng mu th
Cp ng S lng mu th
Cp 1 v Cp 2
Mt b cho mi on ng : di t 3.000 mm tr ln
Mt b cho mi 3 on ng : di t 2.000 mm n 3.000 mm
Mt b cho mi 5 on ng : ngn hn 2.000 mm
Cp 3 v Cp 6
Mt b t mi u ca on ng : di t 3.000 mm tr ln
Mt b cho mi on ng : ngn hn 3.000 mm
4.4.9 ng du
Ni chung, vic ng du ng gp ni hi phi ph hp vi quy nh 4.1.9.
4.5 ng thp dng nhit thp
4.5.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng quy nh 4.5 c p dng cho ng thp lin v ng thp hn in tr c chiu
dy khng ln hn 25 mm lm vic nhit di 0
o
C trn tu ch x kh ha lng (sau
y, trong 4.5 gi l ng thp).
2 ng thp c chiu dy ln hn 25 mm u phi tun theo yu cu ring ca ng kim.
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195
3 ng thp c c tnh khc vi quy nh 4.5 phi tun theo quy nh 1.1.1-2.
4.5.2 Cp ca ng thp
ng thp c phn thnh 6 cp nh a ra Bng 7A/4.27.
Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca mi cp thp phi ph hp vi quy nh Bng 7A/4.27.
Bng 7A/4.27 Cp ca ng v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp ng Kh xy C Si Mn P S Ni
LPA s 0,25 s 0,35 s 1,35 s 0,035 s 0,035
LPB s 0,18 s 0,35 s 1,60 s 0,035 s 0,035
LPC s 0,18 s 0,35 s 1,60 s 0,035 s 0,035
LP2 s 0,19 0,10 0,35 s 0,90 s 0,035 s 0,035 2,00 2,60
LP3 s 0,18 0,10 0,35 0,03 0,60 s 0,030 s 0,030 3,20 3,80
LP9
Lng
hon ton
v x l
ht mn
s 0,13 0,10 0,35 s 0,90 s 0,030 s 0,030 8,50 9,50
Ch thch:
Nu cn thit, nhng thnh phn hp kim khc vi trong Bng c th c b sung.
4.5.4 Nhit luyn
ng thp phi c nhit luyn theo quy nh Bng 7A/4.28.
4.5.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca ng thp phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu sau:
(1) Th ko
ng thp phi c th ko v phi c tnh cht c hc tha mn yu cu quy nh
Bng 7A/4.28.
(2) Th dai va p
ng thp phi c th dai va p tha mn yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/4.28.
(3) Th lm bp
Th lm bp ca ng thp phi c tin hnh theo quy nh 4.2.5 (3), vi gi tr e
ly bng 0,08.
i vi ng thp c ng knh ngoi bng 50 mm v nh hn th th un quy nh
di y c th thay cho th lm bp ng.
(4) Th un:
Mu th c mt ct hnh trn c ct ra t u ng c chiu di phi chu c
un ngui n gi tr nh quy nh Bng 7A/4.28 m khng c vt nt hoc c
khuyt tt trn thnh ng.
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Ngoi ra, ng thp hn in tr phi c un vi ng hn t pha ngoi ca
phn b un.
(5) Th thy lc
Tt c cc ng thp u phi c th thy lc v phi tha mn yu cu quy nh
4.2.5 (4).
2 Khi ng kim thy cn thit, c th phi tin hnh th b sung ngoi nhng yu cu
-1 trn.
Bng 7-A/4.28 Nhit luyn v tnh cht c hc
Th ko
(1) (2) (3)
Th un Th dai va p
gin di
( , . ) L A = 565

(%)
Nhit
th
Nng lng
hp th
trung bnh
Cp
ng
Nhit
luyn
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
L T
Bn knh
trong ca
ch un
Gc
un
(
o
C) (J )
(4)

LPA -40
(5)

LPB -50
(5)

LPC
> 205 > 380 > 26 > 19
-60
(5)

> 27
LP2 -70
LP3
Thng
ha,
thng ha
v ram
hoc ti v
ram
> 2 45 > 450 > 20 > 14
-95
> 34

LP9
Thng
ha kp v
ram, hoc
ti v ram
> 520 > 690 > 15 > 11
6

l
n
g

k
n
h

n
g
o
i

c
n
g

90
o

-196 > 41
Ch thch:
(1) L (hoc T) biu hin ng tm dc ca mu th c b tr song song (hoc vung
gc) vi hng cn ln cui.
(2) Nu ng knh danh ngha ca ng thp t 200 mm tr ln th mu th ko c th
c ct theo hng ngang.
(3) Nu mu th ko phn khng c dng ng c ct ra t ng hn in tr th phi ct
ch khng c ng hn.
(4) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln nh hn so vi nng lng hp th
trung bnh ti thiu hoc nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh hn 70% gi tr yu
cu, th mu th coi nh khng t.
(5) Nhit th dai va p ng thp quy nh Phn 8 D ca Quy chun ny phi thp hn
so vi nhit thit k l 5
o
C hoc bng -20
o
C ly s no thp hn.

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4.5.6 Chn mu th
(1) Mt ng mu th phi c chn ra t mi l ng c s lng 50 hoc phn d ra
ca 50 ng ny c c trong cng m, c cng quy cch, cng cp ng v c
nhit luyn trong cng mt l hng vi cng mt thi gian.
(2) Mt mu th ko v mt mu th lm bp (hoc th un) phi c ct ra t mt ng
mu. Mu th ko phi ph hp vi quy nh Bng 7A/2.1.
(3) Mt b gm ba mu th dai va p phi c ct ra t mt ng mu theo quy nh
Hnh 7A/4.3. Ngoi ra, i vi ng hn in tr, mt b gm ba mu khc phi c
ct ra t phn c ng hn nh quy nh Hnh 7A/4.4. Mu th dai va p phi
ph hp vi quy nh Bng 7A/2.5.
Bng 7A/4.29 Dung sai ng knh ngoi v chiu dy thnh ng
(1)

Loi ng
ng knh ngoi
D (mm)
Dung sai ng
knh ngoi
Chiu dy
thnh ng
t (mm)
Dung sai chiu
dy thnh ng
D <50 0,5 mm
50 s D <160 1%,
160 s D <
200
1,6 mm
ng lin c nng
D > 200 0,8%
(2)
t <4
t > 4
0,5mm
12,5%
D <40 0,3 mm
ng lin cn ngui
v ng lm bng
phng php hn
in tr
D > 40 0,8%
(2)

t <2

t > 2
0,2 mm

10%
Ch thch:
(1) i vi ng thp lin c nng dung sai v chiu dy thnh ng khng c vt qu
20% chiu dy thnh ng. Tuy nhin, i vi ng c chiu dy thnh nh hn 5,6 mm
khng yu cu p dng ch thch ny.
(2) i vi ng c ng knh ngoi bng v ln hn 350 mm, chu vi c th c xem
nh l c s i vi dung sai ng knh ngoi ng. Trong trng hp ny, dung
sai l 0,5%.
W
55 mm
Hnh 7A/4.4 V tr chn mu th dai va p ct t phn
c ng hn ca ng hn bng phng
php in tr
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4.5.7 Dung sai kch thc
Dung sai ng knh ngoi v chiu dy thnh ng thp phi tun theo quy nh Bng
7A/4.29.
4.5.8 Cht lng
ng thp phi c cht lng ng nht v khng b khuyt tt c hi.
1 Nu th c tnh c tin hnh vi nhng mu th chn ln u (tr th dai va p)
m khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th b sung theo quy nh 1.4.4.
2 Th b sung cc mu th dai va p c th c tin hnh theo yu cu 3.1.10-3.
4.5.10 ng du
Ni chung, vic ng du vo ng thp phi c tin hnh theo quy nh 4.2.9 v nu
c p dng ch thch (5) Bng 7A/4.28 th phi ng thm vo sau cc k hiu ch T.
(Th d: LPA -25T)

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CHNG 5 THP C
5.1 Thp c
5.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 5.1 c p dng ch to cc sn phm thp c dng
phn thn tu, trang thit b v h thng my tu, tr loi thp quy nh 5.2, 5.3 v 5.4.
2 Thp c c c tnh khc vi quy nh 5.1, phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh
1.1.1-2.
1 Vic ct bng hi hoc dng c loi b u ngt hoc ba via phi c hon thnh
trc khi nhit luyn ln cui. Khi xt n thnh phn ha hc v quy cch vt c, nu
thy cn thit c th phi tin hnh nhit luyn t trc.
2 Nu vt c c ni vi nhau bng phng php hn th phi trnh cho ng kim duyt
quy trnh hn trc khi hn. Trong trng hp ny, ng kim c th yu cu th chng
nhn quy trnh hn.
3 Nu c ng kim ng , vt c c th c sa cha bng phng php hn theo
quy nh 5.1.11.
4 Nu b mt ca thp c c lm cng bng in cm ng, nitrat ha, cn ngui hoc
phng php khc th phi c ng kim duyt.
5.1.3 Phn loi thp c
Thp c c phn thnh cc loi nh quy nh Bng 7A/5.2.
1 Thp c phi c thnh phn ha hc nh quy nh Bng 7A/5.1.
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Loi C Si Mn S P Cu Cr Ni Mo W Thnh
phn cn
li
Thp c
cc bon
s 0,40 s 0,60 0,50 1,60 s 0,040 s 0,040 s 0,30 s 0,30 s 0,40
(1)
s 0,15
(1)
- s 0,80
Thp c
hp kim thp
s 0,25 s 0,60 0,50 0,80 s 0,030 s 0,030 s 0,50
(1)
0,301,5
(2)
s 0,50
(1)
0,151,2
(2)
s 0,10
(1)
s 1,00
Ch thch:
(1) Thnh phn cc nguyn t cn li cn xem xt. Thp c khng cn ch trng b sung
thm thnh phn nguyn t cn li.
(2) Mt hoc nhiu thnh phn nguyn t phi tha mn quy nh v hm lng ti thiu.
2 i vi thp c cc bon dng trong kt cu hn, thnh phn cc bon ni chung phi
khng c vt qu 0,23%. Thp c p dng yu cu ny phi nh thm ch W vo
sau k hiu thp c.
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3 Cc nh ch to c th b sung thm thnh phn lm mn ht thch hp, th d nh nhm.
4 Nh ch to phi tin hnh phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca mi m c t cc go rt
v trnh kt qu cho ng kim.
5.1.5 Nhit luyn
1 m bo vic lm mn ht c tt, kh ng sut d v c c tnh cht c hc theo
yu cu, thp c phi c , thng ha, thng ha v ram hoc ti v ram trong cc
giai on ca qu trnh ch to. Nhit phi trn 550
o
C.
2 Thp c c nung nng cc b hoc lm ngui sau khi nhit luyn phi c kh
ng sut d theo phng php c chp thun. Vic c cc chi tit nh trc khyu v
b my chnh, khi c kch thc u n v cn kh ng sut bn trong l vn trng
yu th phi thc hin nhit luyn gim ng sut. Cng vic ny phi c trin khai
nhit khng nh hn 550
o
C tip theo vic h nhit l luyt n 300
o
C hoc thp hn.
3 L dng nhit luyn phi c quy cch nung nng u thp c nhit theo
yu cu. L phi c trang b thit b c kh nng iu chnh v ghi nhit trong l.
4 Cp nhit in phi c ni vi l nhit luyn o v ghi li nhit nung u
thch hp tr khi nhit ng u trong l c xc nh theo nhng khong thi
gian quy nh.
5 Xng c duy tr h s nhit luyn nhn bit l c, l nhit luyn, ngy gi nhit
luyn, nhit v s ln nhit luyn.
5.1.6 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/5.2.
2 Cc gi tr trung gian trong Bng 7A/5.2 c th c p dng nu c ng kim chp
thun. Trong trng hp ny, cc gi tr c ly theo phng php ni suy v cc phn
thp phn ln hn 0,5 phi c lm trn thnh 1 m khng cn n cc s sau.
5.1.7 Th tnh cht c hc
1 Vic th tnh cht c hc ca thp c phi c tin hnh theo cc yu cu quy nh
Chng 2.
2 Khi th ko i vi cc mu th c chn u tin khng t, c th tin hnh th b
sung nh quy nh 1.4.4.
5.1.8 Chn mu th
1 Sau khi nhit luyn ln cui cng, mu th thp c phi c ct ra t phn thn vt c.
2 S lng mu th c ly theo quy nh t (1) n (4) di y:
(1) Thp c: Tr khi ng kim c quy nh khc, mt mu th ko phi c ct t mi
vt c. Trong trng hp mt vt c (khi nhit luyn, sau y gi l khi lng) c
khi lng ln hn 10 tn th phi c ct hai mu th.
(2) Nu khi lng vt c bng 1 tn v nh hn th mt mu th phi c ct ra t
mi nhm vt c cng mt m v c nhit luyn ng thi trong cng mt l
luyn. Trng hp vt c trong nhm c tng khi lng ln hn 2 tn th phi ct
hai mu th.
(3) Nu nhiu vt c c c trong cng mt m c quy cch v hnh dng ging nhau
v mi vt c c khi lng nh hn 500 kg th c th c cung th theo yu cu
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201
ca ng kim vin m khng cn n quy nh -1 v -2 trn. Trong trng
hp nh vy, mt mu th phi ct ra t mi cung th. Nhng cung ny phi c
nhit luyn ng thi vi thn vt c trong cng l.
(4) Trng hp vt c khng cng m c v thp c khng c ha trn trc khi
rt th phi ly mt mu th ko t mi m c m khng cn thc hin nhng yu
cu (1) hoc (2) ni trn.
3 Mu th phi c ct ra t vt mu c chiu dy khng nh hn 30 mm.
Bng 7A/5.2 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c
Loi Cp thp
Gii hn chy hoc
gii hn chy quy
c (N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(L 5,65 A) =
(%)
co tht
(%)
Thp c
cc bon
SC42
SC46
SC49
SC53
SC57
SC61
> 205
> 225
> 240
> 260
> 300
> 320
> 410
> 450
> 480
> 520
> 560
> 600
> 24
> 22
> 20
> 18
> 15
> 13
> 38
> 29
> 27
> 25
> 20
> 20
Thp c
hp kim
thp
SCA45
SCA49
SCA56
> 245
> 275
> 340
> 440
> 480
> 550
> 22
> 17
> 16
> 40
> 35
> 35
5.1.9 Kim tra b mt v kim tra kch thc
1 Khi hon thnh cng vic nhit luyn v gia cng, phi kim tra b mt vt c vo thi
im thch hp trong khi gia cng.
2 Trc khi kim tra b mt, khng c x l vt c bng bt k hnh thc no c th gy
kh khn cho vic kim tra, v d nh sn b mt, v.v...
3 Nh ch to phi c trch nhim kim tra kch thc vt c.
1 Vt c phi c tin hnh kim tra khng ph hy nh yu cu (1) v (2) sau y:
(1) Kim tra siu m:
(a) Vt c dng lm sng ui, sng bnh li hoc nhng phn quan trng khc ca
kt cu thn tu v cc vt c quy nh 2.2.1-1 Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny
phi c kim tra siu m vo thi im thch hp trong qu trnh ch to. Kt
qu kim tra phi trnh cho ng kim xem xt.
(b) Kh nng hot ng ca cc thit b kim tra siu m phi m bo hiu qu nh
khi kim tra vt c ln.
(c) Cn b kim tra siu m phi c trnh chuyn mn v kinh nghim kim
tra vt c.
(2) Kim tra bng t tnh:
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Nhng phn quan trng ca vt c phi c kim tra bng t tnh ti thi im
thch hp trong qu trnh ch to. Ti cc b mt gia cng c th c kim tra bng
phng php thm thu cht lng.
(a) Thp c dng lm sng ui, sng bnh li v cc chi tit quan trng khc ca
kt cu thn tu.
(b) Thp c yu cu kim tra bng t tnh hoc thm thu cht lng quy nh
2.2.1-1 Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny.
(c) Chn vt.
(d) V tua bin.
2 ng kim c th chp nhn phng php th khng ph hy khc nu thy tha mn
thay cho phng php th nu -1 trn.
3 ng kim c th yu cu kim tra khng ph hy bng phng php chp nh phng x,
kim tra bng siu m, kim tra bng t tnh hoc kim tra bng phng php thm thu
cht lng khng ch i vi vt c nu -1 trn m cn kim tra i vi cc vt c khc,
khi thy cn thit.
4 Nhng b phn ca vt c c s dng trong kt cu hn, phi c kim tra bng
phng php khng ph hy, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
1 Trng hp kim tra khng ph hy pht hin thy khuyt tt c hi cho mc ch s dng
ca vt c th phi loi b khuyt tt bng cch mi, v.v...
Sau khi loi b khuyt tt, phi tin hnh kim tra bng t tnh hoc kim tra bng phng
php thm thu cht lng m bo rng khuyt tt c loi b hon ton.
2 Khi khuyt tt c loi b khi vt c m chng vn cn kh nng s dng th phi
c ng kim xc nhn rng khuyt tt b loi b hon ton khi vt c. Thp c
loi b mi khuyt tt c th c php s dng m khng cn cc sa cha bng
phng php hn vi iu kin l chng s khng lm gim ng k bn ca thp
c. Nhng b phn thp c loi b khuyt tt phi c nh nhn trnh tp
trung ng sut.
3 Nu vt c c khuyt tt c loi b v c sa cha bng phng php hn, th
trc khi thi cng, mc sa cha, quy trnh hn v phng php nhit luyn phi c
ng kim duyt. ng kim c th yu cu kim tra khng nh tch cht c hc ca
b phn thp c c sa cha bng phng php hn.
4 Cc phn c sa cha bng phng php hn phi kim tra bng phng php khng
ph hy xc nhn rng chng khng cn c cc khuyt tt.
5 Nh my phi trnh cho ng kim bn ghi y v chi tit v phm vi v v tr cn sa
cha i vi vt c v chi tit quy trnh hn v gia nhit p dng.
5.1.12 ng du
1 Thp c tha mn cc yu cu th phi c ng du ph hp vi yu cu 1.5.1.
i vi thp c p dng cc yu cu a ra 5.1.6-2 th tr s tng ng vi bn ko
quy nh phi c s dng vo du hiu ca cp thp. (Th d: nu bn ko quy nh
l 430 N/mm
2
th phi ghi SC44).
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2 Cp ca vt liu, tn nh ch to hoc nhn mc khc phi c c hoc ng chm vo
tt c vt c. Ngoi ra, cn phi ng chm s m v s th t th trn tt c vt c c
khi lng ln hn 250 kg. Du hiu ca ng kim chng t rng vt c tha mn yu
cu ca Quy chun phi c ng chm gn nhng nhn mc ni trn.
5.1.13 Nhng yu cu b sung i vi khuu trc
1 Nu khuu trc ca ng c i-e-den c lm bng thp c, phi trnh cho ng kim
duyt quy trnh ch to trc.
2 Nu p dng phng php ch to c bit lm gim kch thc ca trc khuu theo
quy nh 2.3.1-1 Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny, phi tin hnh th s b theo hng dn
ca ng kim.
5.2 Thp c dng ch to xch
5.2.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 5.2 c p dng cho thp c dng ch to xch cp 2, cp 3,
man, mt xoay, v.v..., v tt c cc cp xch tr xch cp 1 quy nh Phn 7B ca Quy
chun ny (sau y, trong 5.2 gi l thp c).
2 Thp c c c tnh khc vi yu cu quy nh 5.2 phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh
1.1.1-2.
5.2.2 Cp ca thp c
Thp c c phn thnh 5 cp a ra Bng 7A/5.3
Bng 7A/5.3 Cp ca thp c
Cp thp p dng
Thp c cp 2 SCC50 Xch cp 2
Thp c cp 3 SCC70 Xch cp 3
Thp c cp R3 SCCR3 Xch cp R3
Thp c cp R3S SCCR3S Xch cp R3S
Thp c cp R4 SCCR4 Xch cp R4
5.2.3 Nhit luyn
1 Vt c phi c , ti v ram hoc nhit luyn theo quy trnh c ng kim duyt.
2 Vt c c nung nng cc b hoc phi qua gia cng ngui sau khi nhit luyn phi
kh ng sut d theo phng php duyt.
3 Vic ct bng hi hoc c b u ngt v ba via ca vt c phi c hon thnh trc
khi nhit luyn ln cui cng.
Thnh phn ha hc ca thp c phi c ng kim duyt.
5.2.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/5.4.
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Th ko Th dai va p
(1)

Cp thp
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(2)

(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(2)
(N/mm
2
)
gin
di
(L =5d)
(%)
co
tht
(%)
Nhit
th
(
o
C)
Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh (J )
SCC50 > 295 490 690 > 22 0
(3)
> 27
(3)

SCC70 > 410 > 690 > 17 > 40 0 > 60
SCCR3 > 410 > 690 > 17 > 50 - 20
(4)
> 40
(4)

SCCR3S > 490 > 770 > 15 > 50 - 20
(4)
> 45
(4)

SCCR4 > 580 > 860 > 12 > 50 - 20 > 50
Ch thch:
(1) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong mt b mu th nh hn tr s nng
lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo quy nh hoc nu nng lng hp th ca mt
mu th nh hn 70% tr s nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo quy nh th cuc
th coi nh khng t.
(2) T s ca gii hn chy v gii hn bn ko ca thp SCCR3, SCCR3S v SCCR4 ti a phi
l 0,92.
(3) Th dai va p ch yu cu i vi cc chi tit, cc mt xch c ngng v khng c
ngng c ch to bng thp c tr nhng mt xch c ni lin vi xch ch
to.
(4) Th dai va p ca thp cp SCCR3 v SCCR3S c th c tin hnh nhit 0
o
C, nu c ng kim chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny, nng lng hp th trung bnh
ti thiu phi khng nh hn 60J i vi thp cp SCCR3 v khng nh hn 65J i vi
thp cp SCCR3S.
5.2.6 Chn mu th
1 Mt vt mu phi c ct ra t nhng vt c c cng kch thc trong cng mt m
nhit luyn v cng m c. Trong trng hp ny, vt mu c th c c ghp cng
vi thn ca vt c v vng tng t.
2 Mt mu th ko v mt b mu th dai va p (3 mu) phi c ly t vt mu quy
nh -1 trn. Tuy nhin, i vi thp c cp 2, khng yu cu phi ly mu th dai
va p theo ch thch (4) ca Bng 7A/5.4.
3 Mu th ko v mu th dai va p phi c ct ra t vt mu theo hng dc ti
v tr bng 1/6 ng knh k t mt ngoi hoc cng gn v tr ny cng tt (xem Hnh
7A/3.2).
4 Mu th ko phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/2.1 v mu th dai
va p phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/2.5.
5.2.7 Kim tra b mt
Kim tra b mt vt c ch tin hnh sau khi vt c c nhit luyn.

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5.2.8 Cht lng thp c
Thp c phi c cht lng ng nht v khng c khuyt tt c hi.
1 Tt c cc thp c cp SCCR3, SCCR3S v SCCR4, phi c kim tra bng siu m
giai on thch hp trong qu trnh sn xut v phi xc nhn chng khng c khuyt tt
c hi.
2 Thp c cp SCC50 v SCC70, c th c yu cu th bng phng php kim tra
khng ph hy thch hp nh kim tra siu m, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
Ni chung vic sa cha khuyt tt ca vt c phi c thc hin ph hp vi nhng
yu cu quy nh 5.1.11.
Nu cc mu th ko v th dai va p c chn ln u th m khng t yu
cu th c th c th b sung theo yu cu quy nh 3.6.9.
5.2.12 ng du
Thp c sau khi tha mn cc yu cu th phi c ng du km theo cc du hiu
quy nh 5.1.12.
5.3 Thp c khng g
5.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 5.3 c p dng cho thp c khng g dng ch to van
v ph tng ng trong cc h thng ng ng lm vic nhit thp (t -165
o
C tr ln
theo thit k) hoc mi trng chu n mn (sau y, trong 5.3 gi l "thp c").
2 Thp c c c tnh khc vi yu cu quy nh 5.3, phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu
quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3 Ngoi nhng yu cu quy nh 5.3, ng kim c th cn a ra nhng yu cu b
sung.
5.3.2 Cp thp
Thp c c phn thnh 7 cp a ra Bng 7A/5.5.
5.3.3 Nhit luyn
Ni chung, thp c phi c nhit luyn trng thi rn.
Thnh phn ha hc ca thp c khng g phi tha mn nhng yu cu quy nh
Bng 7A/5.5
5.3.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c khng g khi th ko v th cng phi tha mn yu cu
quy nh Bng 7A/5.6.
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Bng 7A/5.5 Cp thp v thnh phn ha hc ca thp c khng g
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp
thp
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo
Ng. t
khc
SCS13 s 0,08 s 2,00 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 8,00 11,00 18,00 21,00
SCS14 s 0,08 s 1,50 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 10,00 14,00 17,00 20,00 2,00 3,00
SCS16 s 0,030 s 1,50 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 12,00 16,00 17,00 20,00 2,00 3,00
SCS17 s 0,08 s 2,00 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 12,00 15,00 22,00 26,00
SCS18 s 0,08 s 2,00 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 19,00 22,00 23,00 27,00
SCS19 s 0,030 s 2,00 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 8,00 12,00 17,00 21,00
SCS21 s 0,08 s 2,00 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 9,00 12,00 18,00 21,00 1,35 > N
b
+T
a
> 10 C
2 Ngoi nhng yu cu th thng thng, ng kim c th yu cu cc dng th b sung,
nh th dai va p vi rnh kha ch V hoc th tnh chu n mn.
Bng 7A/5.6 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c khng g
Th ko
Cp thp Gii hn chy
quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L =5,65 A )
cng
H
B

SCS13 > 185 > 440 > 26
SCS14 > 185 > 440 > 26
SCS16 > 175 > 390 > 31
SCS17 > 205 > 440 > 26 s 183
SCS18 > 185 > 440 > 26
SCS19 > 185 > 390 > 31
SCS21 > 205 > 440 > 26
5.3.6 Chn mu th
1 Nu vt c c khi lng t 500 kg tr ln, phi ct mt mu th ko v mt mu th
cng t mi vt c.
2 Nu s lng vt c c hnh dng kch thc ging nhau, nhng khi lng mi vt c
nh hn 500 kg, c c trong cng mt m v c nhit luyn trong cng mt l th
phi ct ra hai mu th ko v hai mu th cng t mi nhm vt c ny.
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3 Mu th cng c th l mt phn ca mu th ko.
4 Mu th ko phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7A/2.1.
5.4 Thp c dng nhit thp
5.4.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 5.4 c p dng cho thp c dng lm van, thit b
ng ng lm vic mi trng nhit thp (sau y, trong 5.4 gi l "thp c").
2 Thp c khng quy nh 5.4 hoc thp c s dng cho cc chi tit khng quy nh
-1 trn, phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3 Ngoi nhng yu cu quy nh 5.4, ng kim c th a ra nhng yu cu b sung.
5.4.2 Cp ca thp
Thp c phn thnh 4 cp nh Bng 7A/5.7.
5.4.3 Nhit luyn
Thp c phi c thng ha hoc thng ha v ram.
Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca thp c phi tun theo nhng yu cu quy nh
Bng 7A/5.7.
5.4.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/5.8.
2 Ngoi yu cu -1 trn, nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu th b sung.
Bng 7A/5.7 Cp ca thp v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp thp Kh xy C Si Mn P S Ni Mo
LCA s 0,30 s 0,60 s 1,00 s 0,035 s 0,035
LCB s 0,25 s 0,60 0,50 0,80 s 0,035 s 0,035 0,45 0,65
LC2 s 0,25 s 0,60 0,50 0,80 s 0,030 s 0,030 2,00 3,00
LC3

Ht mn
lng hon
ton
s 0,15 s 0,60 0,50 0,80 s 0,030 s 0,030 3,00 4,00
5.4.6 Chn mu th
1 Nu vt c c khi lng bng 500 kg tr ln th phi ct mt mu th ko v mt b
mu th dai va p t mi vt c.
2 Nu vt c c khi lng nh hn 500 kg v c hnh dng v quy cch ging nhau, c
c trong cng mt m th phi ct hai mu th ko v hai b mu th dai va p t
mi nhm vt c c nhit luyn ng thi trong cng mt l luyn.
3 Quy cch ca mu th ko v mu th dai va p phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh
trong Bng 7A/2.1 v kch thc ca mu th dai va p phi ph hp vi nhng quy
nh trong Bng 7A/2.5.
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1 Nu mu th ko c chn t u th khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th b
sung theo yu cu quy nh 1.4.4.
2 Th b sung i vi th dai va p, phi c tin hnh theo yu cu quy nh
3.1.10-3.
5.4.8 ng du
Vic ng du vo thp c phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh 5.1.12, v trong
trng hp p dng ch thch (1) trong Bng 7A/5.8 th phi ng thm ch T vo sau
cc k hiu quy nh ca mc thp. (Th d: LCA - 25T).
Bng 7A/ 5.8 Tnh cht c hc
Th ko Th dai va p
(2)

Cp
thp
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(L =5d)
(%)

co tht
(%)
Nhit th
(
o
C)
Nng lng
hp th
trung bnh
(J )
LCA -45
(1)

LCB
> 245
-60
(1)

> 27
LC2 -70
LC3
> 275
> 450 > 21 > 35
-95
> 34
Ch thch:
(1) Nhit th dai va p ca thp c quy nh trong Phn 8D l thp hn 5
o
C so vi
nhit thit k hoc -20
o
C ly nhit no thp hn.
(2) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong mt b mu th nh hn nng
lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu hoc nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh hn
70% nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu th cuc th coi nh khng t.
5.5 Gang xm c
5.5.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 5.5 c p dng cho gang xm c (sau y gi l gang
c).
2 Gang c khng a ra trong 5.5 phi p dng nhng yu cu a ra 1.1.1-2.
5.5.2 Phng php khc phc khuyt tt
Cc phng php c kh thch hp nh mi phi c s dng loi b cc ba via khi
gang c. Phng php ct bng nhit khng c chp nhn tr khi s dng n nh l
cng on gia nhit s b cho cc phng php c kh.
5.5.3 Cp ca gang c
Gang c c phn thnh cc cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/5.9
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Bng 7A/5.9 Cp v tnh cht c hc ca gang c
Cp vt liu Gii hn bn ko
(1)
(N/mm
2
)
CF 20 > 200
CF 25 > 240
CF 30 > 290
CF 35 > 340
Ch thch:
(1) Tiu chun a ra trong bng ny p dng cho vt mu th ct t khi gang c c
c ring r. Nu vt mu th c c lin vi khi gang c th tiu chun p dng
do ng kim quy nh.
Thnh phn ha hc ca gang c phi ph hp t c cc c tnh c hc theo
quy nh. Nu ng kim thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu nh ch to tin hnh
phn tch tng m c.
5.5.5 Nhit luyn
Gang c c th c nhit luyn mt cch thch hp, nu cn thit.
5.5.6 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca gang c phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra Bng 7A/5.9.
2 Tr s trung gian gia cc tr s a ra trong Bng 7A/5.9 c th c s dng nu c
ng kim chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny, tr s phi c ly theo phng php ni
suy v lm trn s, nu s l bng hoc ln hn 0,5 c ly bng 1, cn nu nh hn
0,5 th c b qua.
5.5.7 Th c tnh
1 Th c tnh i vi gang c l th ko v phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc yu cu
c a ra Chng 2.
2 Nu th ko khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th li ph hp vi cc yu cu
a ra 1.1.4. Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny cc mu th phi c ct t cc vt
mu th khc.
5.5.8 Chn mu th
1 Phi s dng cc vt mu th gang c c c ring r.
2 Vt mu th phi c c t cng mt m c va l mt vt mu th cho vt c trong
khun ca cng loi vt liu va l mt vt mu th cho cc khun ca vt c v khng
c gn kim loi chy t khun c khi nhit kim loi gim xung di 500
o
C. Vt
mu th phi l kim loi dng thanh c ng knh 30 mm v c chiu di ph hp. Nu 2
hoc 3 vt mu th c c ng thi trong mt khun duy nht th cc thanh th ny
phi c ct cch nhau khng di 50 mm.(Xem Hnh 7A/5.1)
3 Mu th ko gang c phi c ct ra t vt mu tha mn cc yu cu sau:
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(1) Nu ng kim khng c quy nh no khc, th mi mt vt mu th phi c ct t
mi l, y mt l l vt c c trng lng di 2 tn v gm cc vt c c rt
t mt m kim loi c kiu v kch thc tng t nhau. Nu trng lng ca tng vt
c ln hn 2 tn th th vt c c coi l mt l v phi ct mt vt mu th ca
tng l y.
(2) Cho d c yu cu (1) ni trn, i vi cng mt loi gang c c rt lin tc th
mt l l khi lng ca mt m c rt lin tc trong 2 gi. Trong trng hp ny,
mt vt mu th phi c ct ra t mt l nh vy.
(3) Cho d c yu cu (1) v (2) ni trn, nu c ng kim chp thun, th mt l c
th c rt trong khong thi gian lu hn hoc c s lng ln hn.
> 50
u50
> 50
+2
0
|30
L

5
0

5
0

Hnh 7A/5.1 Mu th (n v: mm)
L : Chiu di song song
vi vt mu
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Phi tin hnh kim tra b mt v kim tra kch thc ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra 5.1.9.
ng kim c th yu cu kim tra khng ph hy i vi gang c, nu cn thit.
5.5.11 Cht lng
1 c php s dng, gang c khng c c cc khuyt tt c hi.
2 Khuyt tt nh b mt phi c loi tr bng phng php mi cc b, vt c c
khuyt tt r nh c th c khc phc bng phng php sa cha ph hp vi iu
kin thc t v phi c ng kim chp nhn trc.
3 Ni chung, khng cho php sa cha cc khuyt tt bng phng php hn.
5.5.12 ng du
Vic ng du vo gang c phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh 5.1.12
5.6 Gang c graphit mt sn hoc mt cu
5.6.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu ny c p dng cho gang c graphit mt sn hoc mt cu (sau y
gi l Gang c).
2 Gang c khng a ra 5.6 phi ph hp vi cc yu cu 1.1.1-2.
5.6.2 Phng php khc phc khuyt tt
1 Cc phng php c kh thch ng nh phng php mi c s dng loi b cc
bavia khi gang c. Phng php ct bng nhit khng c chp nhn tr khi s dng
n nh l cng on gia nhit s b cho cc phng php c kh.
2 Nu gang c c ti b mt, th phi c ng kim chp nhn.
5.6.3 Cp ca gang c
Gang c c phn thnh cc cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/5.10.
1 Thnh phn ha hc ca gang c phi ph hp t c cc c tnh c hc theo
quy nh. Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu Nh ch to tin hnh phn tch
tng m c.
2 Ni chung s phn b cc phn t graphit ca gang mt sn hoc gang mt cu t nht
phi l 90%. Nu thy cn thit, ng kim c th yu cu xc nhn s phn b cc phn
t graphit ca gang mt sn hoc mt cu.
5.6.5 Nhit luyn
Nu cn thit, gang c c th phi c nhit luyn mt cch ph hp. Gang c
FCD36S v FCD41S phi qua nhit luyn.
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5.6.6 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca gang c phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra Bng 7A/5.10.
2 Tr s trung gian gia cc tr s a ra trong Bng 7A/5.10 c th c s dng nu c
ng kim chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny, tr s phi c ly theo phng php ni
suy v lm trn s, nu s l bng hoc ln hn 0,5 c ly bng 1, cn nu nh hn
0,5 th c b qua.
Bng 7A/5.10 Cp v tnh cht c hc ca gang c
Th ko Th va p
(1)

Cp ca
vt liu
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy
quy c
(2)
(N/mm
2
)
dn di (%)
(L =5,65 A )
Nhit th
(
0
C)
Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh (J )
F D 37 > 360 > 235 > 17 - -
FCD 40 > 390 > 255 > 12 - -
FCD 45 > 440 > 285 > 10 - -
FCD 50 > 490 > 325 > 7 - -
FCD 60 > 590 > 370 > 3 - -
FCD 70 > 680 > 420 > 2 - -
FCD 80 > 780 > 480 > 2 - -
FCD 36S > 350 > 220 > 22 20 >17 (14)
(3)

FCD 41S > 400 > 250 > 18 20 >14 (11)
(3)

Ch thch:
(1) Tiu chun a ra trong bng ny c p dng cho vt mu th ct t khi gang c c
c ring l. Nu s dng vt mu th c c lin vi khi gang c th tiu chun s
dng phi c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) Gii hn chy quy c a ra trong Bng ny c dng tham kho.
(3) Nu nng lng hp th ca 2 mu th tr ln trong b mu th nh hn tr s nng lng
hp th trung bnh nh nht theo quy nh hoc nu nng lng hp th ca mt mu th
ring l nh hn tr s ch ra trong ngoc n trong bng ny th cuc th coi nh khng t
yu cu.
1 Th tnh cht c hc ca gang c bao gm vic th ko v th dai va p ty theo
cp ca gang c phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra Chng 2.
2 Nu th ko khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th li ph hp vi cc yu cu
a ra 1.4.4. Tuy nhin trong trng hp ny, cc mu th phi c ct t cc vt
mu th khc.
3 Nu nh kt qu th dai va p khng t yu cu, c th tin hnh th li ph hp
vi cc yu cu a ra 3.1.10-3. Trong trng hp ny, cc mu th phi c ct t
cc vt mu th khc.
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5.6.8 Chn mu th
1 Mu th gang c phi c ct t vt mu th c c ring l.
2 Vt mu th phi c c t cng mt m c va l vt mu th cho vt c trong
khun ca cng loi vt liu va l mt vt mu th cho cc khun ca vt c v khng
c gn kim loi chy t khun c khi nhit kim loi gim xung di 500
o
C.
Quy cch v kch thc ca vt mu phi ph hp vi yu cu ca ng kim.
3 Mt phn ca mu th ko v mt b mu th va p ca gang c phi c ct t cc
vt mu th sau y:
(1) Nu ng kim khng c quy nh c bit no khc th mi vt mu th phi c
ct t mi l, mt l y l vt c c trng lng nh hn 1 tn v ch gm mt
khi gang c c rt ra t mt m kim loi, vi iu kin l tt c chng phi c quy
cch v kch thc tng t nhau. Nu trng lng ca khi gang c ring l nh
hn 2 tn, th n cng c coi l mt l v mt vt mu th phi c ct ra t mi
mt l.
(2) Cho d a ra yu cu (1) trn, i vi khi gang c ln phi dng n 2 m
c tr ln th c mt m c phi ct mt vt mu th.
Kim tra b mt v kim tra kch thc phi c tin hnh ph hp vi cc yu cu a
ra 5.1.9.
ng kim vin c th yu cu kim tra khng ph hy i vi gang c, nu thy cn
thit.
5.6.11 Cht lng
1 c php s dng, gang c khng c c cc khuyt tt c hi.
2 Cc khuyt tt nh b mt phi c loi tr bng cch mi cc b. Gang c c r kh
nh c th c khc phc bng phng php sa cha ph hp, vi iu kin phi
c ng kim chp nhn trc.
3 Ni chung khng cho php sa cha cc khuyt tt bng phng php hn.
5.6.12 ng du
ng du trn gang c phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra 5.1.12.
5.7 Thp khng g dng c chn vt
5.7.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh trong 5.7 c p dng cho thp c khng g dng c chn
vt v cnh chn vt (sau y trong 5.7 gi l thp c chn vt).
2 Thp c chn vt c c tnh khc vi quy nh 5.7, phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu
quy nh 1.1.1-2.
5.7.2 Cp thp
Thp c chn vt c phn thnh cc cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/5.11.
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Thnh phn ha hc ca thp c chn vt phi tha mn cc yu cu quy nh trong Bng
7A/5.12.
Bng 7A/5.11 Loi v cp thp c chn vt
Loi thp Cp thp
Thp c khng g mactensit Cp 1 (12Cr-1Ni) SCSP1
Thp c khng g austenit Cp 4 (19Cr-11Ni) SCSP4
5.7.4 Nhit luyn
Thp c khng g mactensit dng ch to chn vt phi c ti v ram. Thp c
khng g austenit phi c nhit luyn trong dung mi.
Bng 7A/5.12 Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Thnh phn ha hc
Cp thp
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo
SCSP1 s 0,15 s 1.0 s 2.0 s 0.04 s 0.03 s 2.0 11,5-17,0 s 0.5
SCSP2 s 0.06 s 1.0 s 2.0 s 0.04 s 0.03 3,5-5,0 11,5-17,0 s 1.0
SCSP3 s 0.06 s 1.0 s 2.0 s 0.04 s 0.03 3,5-6,0 15,0-17,5 s 1.5
SCSP4 s 0.12 s 2.0 s 2.0 s 0.04 s 0.03 8,0-13,0 16,0-21,0 s 4.0
5.7.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca thp c chn vt phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/5.13.
5.7.6 Tnh cht c hc
1 Th ko v th va p phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh Chng
2 xem xt cc tnh cht c hc ca thp c chn vt.
2 Khi bt k kt qu th no t mu th u tin khng t, th c th tin hnh th b sung
theo cc yu cu quy nh 5.4.7. Cc mu th th b sung phi c ct t cng vt
mu m cc mu th ln u c ct hoc t cc vt mu khc i din ca thp c
chn vt.

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Bng 7A/5.13 Tnh cht c hc ca thp c chn vt
Th ko Th va p
(3)
Cp thp
0,2% Gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn
ko
(N/mm
2
)
dn di
(L =5,65 A )
(%)
co tht
(%)
Nng lng hp
th trung bnh (J )
SCSP1 > 440 > 590 > 15
(4)
> 30 > 20
SCSP2 > 550 > 750 > 15
(4)
> 35 > 30
SCSP3 > 540 > 760 > 15
(4)
> 35 > 30
SCSP4 > 180
(2)
> 440 > 30 > 40 > 20
Ch thch:
(1) Cc yu cu quy nh trong bng ny p dng cho cc mu ct trc tip t chn vt c.
Nu mu th c ct t vt mu c c ring r, cc yu cu th s do ng kim
quy nh trong tng trng hp ring.
(2) Trong trng hp khi 10% gii hn chy quy c c p dng, th gii hn chy quy
c khng c nh hn 205 N/mm
2
.
(3) Vic th ny ch phi yu cu i vi cc chn vt ca cc tu mang k hiu cp tu i
bng. Nhit th phi l -10
o
C. nh gi vic th c tnh ca thp c chn vt
cn phi tham kho Ch thch (1) ca bng 7A/5.4.
(4) i vi chn vt ca cc tu mang cp k hiu tu i bng, dn di nh nht phi
l 19%.
5.7.7 Chn mu th
1 Cc mu th i vi thp c chn vt phi c ct t vt mu th c c lin vi
chn vt. Nu cc mu th c ring r vi thp c chn vt th phi c ng kim
duyt trc.
2 Cc vt mu th gn trn cc cnh chn vt phi c t ti v tr trong khong 0,5 n
0,6R, y R l bn knh chn vt, v khng c ly ra khi vt c n khi vic nhit
luyn ln cui c thc hin. Vic ly vt mu ra khi vt c phi c thc hin
bng quy trnh khng s dng nhit.
3 t nht mt vt mu th phi c thc hin i vi vt liu i din cho mi m thp c
chn vt. Nu cc chn vt c s lng t vi cng mt quy cch v c ng knh nh hn
1m c c t cng mt m v c nhit luyn trong cng mt l, quy trnh th cho mt
m c th c chn s dng cc vt mu th c c ring r vi cc kch thc ph
hp. Trong trng hp ny t nht mt vt mu th phi c thc hin i vi mi 5 vt
c trong m.
4 Th c hc phi c thc hin gm mt mu th i vi th ko v mt b mu th i
vi th va p.
1 Thp c chn v phi c kim tra trc quan khi gia cng xong ti cc vng A, B, C
theo Hnh v 7A/ 7.1. Vic kim tra c th c yu cu ti cc cng on gia cng tng
ng, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
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2 Nh ch to phi c trch nhim kim tra kch thc thp c chn vt. Khi thc hin vic
nn cc cnh chn vt b cong phi c s ph duyt trc ca ng kim. Quy trnh nn
phi c ng kim xem xt v ph duyt.
1 Nu ng kim thy cn thit, thp c chn vt phi c kim tra thm thu.
2 Kim tra siu m hoc chp nh phng x c yu cu, nu ng kim thy cn thit.
1 Cc khuyt tt c th gy nguy hi ti s s dng ca thp c chn vt trong qu trnh
hot ng phi c loi b bng phng php mi, v.v... v bin dng ca cc vt lm
phi c mi nhn. Cc vng sa cha phi c thc hin kim tra khng ph hy
mt cch thch ng m bo rng tt c cc khuyt tt c loi b hon ton tha
mn yu cu ca ng kim.
2 Mi hn sa cha i vi cc phn m khuyt tt b loi b phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu sau, tng ng vi cc vng kim tra khng ph hy ch ra trong Hnh 7A/ 7.1:
(1) Cc vng nu hn sa cha cho php, phi nh sau:
Vng A: hn sa cha l khng cho php.
Vng B: hn sa cha phi c ph duyt.
Vng C: hn sa cha l cho php.
(2) Trc khi hn sa cha i vi vng B v vng C cp trong mc (1) trn,
phng n sa cha bao gm cc quy trnh hn, cc loi vt liu hn, chun b mp
hn cho vic hn sa cha sau khi loi b khuyt tt v quy trnh x l nhit phi
c trnh v ph duyt bi ng kim.
(3) Vng hn phi c thc hin mt phng php kim tra khng ph hy thch ng
m bo rng khng c khuyt tt tn ti.
3 Cc quy trnh hn phi c ng kim xt duyt.
5.7.11 ng du
Thp c chn vt sau khi tha mn cc yu cu th phi c ng du km theo cc
du hiu quy nh 5.1.12.

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CHNG 6 THP RN

6.1 Thp rn
6.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 6.1 c p dng cho thp rn dng lm cc b phn kt cu
thn tu, trang thit b v my mc theo quy nh tng phn ca Quy chun ny v cc
thi thp cn lm trc hoc bu lng (tr thp rn quy nh trong 6.2, 6.3 v 6.4) (sau y,
trong 6.1 gi l "thp rn").
2 Thp rn c nhng c tnh khc so vi quy nh 6.1 phi tha mn nhng quy nh
1.1.1-2.
1 Thp rn phi c ch to t thp lng.
2 Phi lng d u v ui vt rn m bo vt rn khng c s phn tng c hi.
3 ng kim ph duyt vt liu chnh v d nh thp thi dng cho cng vic khc c ch
to ti xng vi s quan tm n quy trnh ch to ca vt liu.
4 Thp rn phi c gia cng nng theo cc bin php quy nh trong Bng 7A/6.1 t cc
thi thp c rn hoc cn hoc c ch to bng phng php kt hp c rn v cn.
Bng 7A/6.1 T s rn
Vt rn Gia cng nng V tr T s rn
(1)

Thn S =3
Ch rn
Ch khc S =1,5
Thn S =5
Thp rn lm trc
Rn v cn
Ch khc S =3
Thp rn lm sc mng
To l rng bng my rn
dp, v.v...

S =3
Thp rn lm a Chn t phi
(2)
U =1/3
Ch thch:
(1) T s rn phi c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
A
S
a
= ,
1
L
U
L
=
Trong :
A : Din tch mt ct trung bnh ca phi gc (m
2
);
a : Din tch mt ct ca phn sau khi rn (m
2
);
L : Chiu di trc khi chn (m);
L
1
: Chiu di sau khi chn (m).
(2) Trong nhng trng hp khc, chn n 1/2U tr ln to ra gi tr U, ni chung ly tr
s 1/3.
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5 Thp rn phi c gia cng nng dn u n mc ti a c th thc hin c v phi
c rn n khi c hnh dng v quy cch sao cho cng gn vi yu cu cng tt,
dng kim loi c hng tt nht trong vic to ng sut khi s dng.
6 Thp rn phi qua gia cng nng to ra t s rn tha mn. T s ny khng c nh
hn gi tr quy nh Bng 7A/6.1.
Tuy nhin, nhng quy nh ny c th c thay i theo yu cu ca ng kim ty theo
quy cch v hnh dng cng nh mc ch s dng ca thp rn.
7 Nu thp rn phi qua qu trnh lm cng b mt, v d lm cng theo phng php cm
ng, thm nitrt hoc cn nn, th nhng s liu lin quan n qu trnh lm cng phi
c trnh cho ng kim duyt trc.
8 Thp rn c nh hnh nh phng php ct bng m hn hoc ghp phi c gia
cng tha mn m bo loi b khu vc chu nh hng ca nhit v cng vic ny
phi c tin hnh trc lc nhit luyn. Vic nhit luyn trc phi tin hnh ty thuc
vo thnh phn ha hc, kch thc v hnh dng ca thp rn.
6.1.3 Cp ca thp rn
Thp rn c phn thnh cc cp nh Bng 7A/6.3.
1 Thp rn phi c thnh phn ha hc nh a ra Bng 7A/6.2
2 Nu thp cc bon rn c hn trong qu trnh ng tu th thnh phn cc bon khng
c qu 0,23%, khi xem xt n tnh hn. Tuy nhin thnh phn cc bon ca thp c th
tng n hm lng cc bon tng ng c (C
eq
) nh quy nh 1.5.2-2 (6) nhng
phi nh hn 0,41%.
3 Nu thp rn hp kim thp c dng hn trong qu trnh ng tu th thnh phn ha
hc phi c ng kim ph duyt.
4 Thp rn tha mn yu cu -2 v -3 trn th phi ng thm du W vo sau du mc
thp (v d: SF45W).
Bng 7A/ 6.2 Thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
(1)

Loi
C Si
(2)
Mn P S Cr Mo Ni Cu
Ng.t
cn li
Thp rn cc
bon
s 0,65 0,15 0,45 0,30 1,5 s 0,03 s 0,035 s 0,30
(3)
s 0,15
(3)
s 0,40
(3)
s 0,30
(3)
s 0,85
Thp rn hp
kim thp
s 0,45 0,15 0,45 0,35 1,0 s 0,03 s 0,030 0,403.50
(4)
0,150,70
(4)
0,403,50
(4)
s 0,30
(3)

Ch thch:
(1) Nu b sung thnh phn ha hc khc phi c ng kim ph duyt, hm lng c
th hin trong kt qu th.
(2) Nu p dng phng php c bit kh xy th thnh phn Si trong bng c th c
gim i theo s ph duyt ca ng kim.
(3) Nhng thnh phn khc c xem l nguyn t cn li. Cc nguyn t cn li khng c
thm vo mt cch c .
(4) Mt hoc nhiu thnh phn nguyn t phi tha mn quy nh v hm lng ti thiu
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219
5 i vi thp rn dng ch to trc li v cht li, thnh phn ha hc phi c tnh hn
tt. Trong trng hp nu dng thp rn cc bon c bn cao, yu cu -2 trn c th
c ng kim min gim. Trong trng hp ny ng thm du W vo sau du mc
thp.
6 Thp rn c th c b sung thm Al, Nb hoc V lm mn ht hn.
7 Nh ch to phi tin hnh phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca mi m rn (nhiu ln gia
nhit c tnh vo mt m chung th c xem nh l mt ln gia nhit) v kt qu phn
tch phi c trnh cho ng kim.
gin di (%)
(L =5,65 A )
co tht (%)
Loi Cp thp
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
L T L T

SF 41 400 520 > 200 > 26 > 19 > 50 > 35
SF 45 440 560 > 220 > 24 > 18 > 50 > 35
SF 50 490 610 > 245 > 22 > 16 > 45 > 30
SF 55 540 660 > 270 > 21 > 15 > 43 > 29
SF 60 590 710 > 295 > 19 > 13 > 40 > 27
SF 65 640 790 > 320 > 17 > 12 > 40 > 27
SF 70 690 840 > 345 > 16 > 12 > 35 > 24
SF 75 740 890 > 370 > 15 > 11 > 35 > 24
T
h
p

r
n

c
c

b
o
n

SF 78 760 910 > 380 > 14 > 10 > 35 > 24

SFA 60 590 740 > 355 > 18 > 14 > 50 > 35
SFA 65 640 790 > 385 > 17 > 13 > 50 > 35
SFA 70 690 840 > 415 > 16 > 12 > 46 > 31
SFA 75 740 890 > 445 > 15 > 11 > 45 > 30
SFA 80 780 930 > 470 > 14 > 10 > 42 > 28
SFA 85 830 980 > 525 > 13 > 9 > 40 > 27
SFA 90 880 1030 > 600 > 13 > 9 > 40 > 27
SFA 95 930 1130 > 650 > 12 > 8 > 36 > 25
SFA 100 980 1180 > 685 > 12 > 8 > 35 > 24
SFA 105 1030 1230 > 720 > 11 > 7 > 35 > 24
SFA 110 1080 1280 > 755 > 11 > 7 > 35 > 24
T
h
p

r
n

h
p

k
i
m

t
h
p

Ch thch:
(1) Ch L v ch T trong Bng ny biu th hng ca mu th c ly dc hay ngang
so vi ng tm trc ca vt rn.
(2) Nhng yu cu i vi thp ccbon rn trong Bng ny c p dng i vi thp
c , thng ha, thng ha v ram hoc ti v ram.
(3) Nhng yu cu i vi thp rn hp kim thp c p dng i vi thp c
ram v ti. Nu chng c thng ha v ram th tnh cht c hc ca thp phi
c ng kim duyt.
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6.1.5 Nhit luyn
1 Thp rn phi c , thng ha v ram hoc ti v ram tng giai on thch hp
trong qu trnh ch to sao cho t c mn ht yu cu, kh c ng sut d v
phi t c nhng tnh cht c hc cn thit. Nhit thng ha ca thp rn khng
c thp hn 550
o
C.
Tuy nhin, nu thp rn dng ch to bnh rng m khng c nh lm cng b mt
th nhit ram c th c php thp hn.
2 Thp rn qua cc giai on gia cng nng m gy ra thay i mng tinh th kim loi hoc
to ra ng sut d sau khi nhit luyn th phi c nhit luyn li.
3 Thp rn qua cc giai on nhit luyn cc b hoc gia cng ngui m gy ra ng sut
qu mc th phi c kh ng sut d theo yu cu.
4 Nu thp rn phi qua qu trnh lm cng b mt, chng hn thm cc bon, th vic nhit
luyn ph hp vi vic lm cng b mt phi c tin hnh ti giai on thch hp
trong qu trnh ch to.
5 L dng nhit luyn phi c kch thc vt rn nung nng u theo nhit yu
cu. L luyn phi trang b thit b c kh nng iu chnh v ghi c nhit .
6 Cp nhit in phi c ni vi l nhit luyn o v ghi li nhit nung u thch
hp tr khi nhit ng u trong l c xc nh theo nhng khong thi gian quy
nh.
7 Xng rn duy tr h s nhit luyn nhn bit l rn s dng, l nhit luyn, ngy
gi nhit luyn, nhit v s ln nhit luyn.
6.1.6 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp rn phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu Bng 7A/6.3. Tuy nhin,
i vi thp rn hp kim thp th tnh cht c hc phi ph hp vi yu cu ca ng
kim.
(1) Nu gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy c c p dng theo gi tr ca Bng
7A/6.3.
(2) Nu thp rn c s dng ch to trc li v cht trc li, v.v...
2 Cc gi tr trung gian Bng 7A/6.3 c th c p dng, nu ng kim chp thun.
Trong trng hp ny, cc gi tr phi c ly theo phng php ni suy v phn l ln
hn 0,5 c lm trn bng 1.
3 Hiu s gia gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca gii hn bn ko khng c ln hn
70 N/mm
2
nu hai mu th tr ln c ly ra t mt vt rn, i vi thp rn c quy nh
gii hn bn nh hn 600 N/mm
2
v khng qu 100 N/mm
2
, i vi thp rn c quy nh
gii hn bn khng nh hn 600 N/mm
2
.
4 Khi tin hnh th vt liu theo m, ng kim vin c th yu cu th cng cho mi
loi vt liu. Trong trng hp ny, hiu s cng gia gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca
thp rn trong cng l khng c qu 20 (H
B
), i vi thp rn c quy nh gii hn bn
nh hn 600 N/mm
2
v khng qu 30 (H
B
) i vi thp rn c quy nh gii hn bn khng
nh hn 600 N/mm
2
.
5 Th cng bnh rng v vnh rng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh 6.1.15-4.

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1 Th tnh cht c hc ca thp rn phi c tin hnh ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh
Chng 2.
2 Nu th ko hoc th cng khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th li ph hp vi
cc quy nh 1.4.4.
3 i vi trc chn vt s dng cho tu c k hiu phn cp i bng, vic th dai va p
vi mu c rnh ch V phi c tin hnh cho cc loi thp nhit -10
o
C v nng
lng hp th trung bnh l nh nht 27J (s dng b mu th gm 3 mu th U4 theo
mu th dc). Nu nng lng hp th trung bnh ca hai mu th tr ln trong s b mu
th m nh hn 27J hoc gi tr ring ca mt mu nh hn 70% ca gi tr 27J th vic
th c xem l khng t. C th tin hnh th b sung ph hp vi cc quy nh
3.1.10-3.
6.1.8 Chn mu th
1 Tr khi c quy nh khc, sau khi hon thnh nhit luyn mu th, thp rn phi c ct
ra theo chiu dc vt rn, k t phn c din tch mt ct khng nh hn din tch mt ct
ca thn vt rn. Ty thuc hnh dng ca vt rn mu th cng c th phi ct theo
hng tip tuyn vt rn, nu thy cn thit.
2 Mu th khng c tch khi thn vt rn trc khi nhit luyn ln cui cng kt thc.
Nu thp rn dng vo mc ch c bit cn phi qua qu trnh lm cng b mt, mu
th c th c tch ring ti thi im hp l, trc khi kt thc nhit luyn ln cui
cng, nu c ng kim chp thun.
3 Tr khi c tha thun khc, trc dc ca cc mu th phi c ly theo v tr nh sau:
(1) Nu chiu dy hoc ng knh cu thanh thp rn nh hn 50mm th trc dc ly ti
gia chiu dy hoc tm ca mt ct ngang thanh thp.
(2) Nu chiu dy hoc ng knh ca thanh thp rn ln hn 50mm th trc dc ly ti
im chiu dy (gia bn knh) hoc 80 mm, nu gi tr no nh hn, di bt k
b mt gia nhit no.
4 S lng mu th phi tun theo cc quy nh t (1) n (4) di y. Trong trng hp
ny, Mt b mu th c ngha l mt mu th ko. Tuy nhin i vi trc chn vt ca tu
c k hiu phn cp i bng th mt b mu th c ngha l mt mu th ko v mt b
mu gm 3 mu th va p.
(1) Nu mt vt rn c nhit luyn c khi lng t 4 tn tr ln (sau y gi l khi
lng) th phi ct mt b mu th t hai u vt rn.
(2) Nu mt vt rn c khi lng t 500 kg n 4 tn th mt b mu th c ct ra t
mt u vt rn.
(3) Nu nhiu vt rn c hnh dng v kch thc ging nhau, mi vt c khi lng t
250 kg n 500 kg c to ra t cng mt phi v c nhit luyn ng thi th mt
b mu th c ct ra t mi ba vt rn hoc t s d ca ba vt rn.
(4) Nu nhiu vt rn c hnh dng v kch thc ging nhau, mi vt c khi lng nh
hn 250 kg, c to ra t cng mt phi v c nhit luyn ng thi trong mt l
th mt b mu th c ct ra t tng tt c vt rn khng qu: 6 tn trong trng
hp vt rn c , thng ha, thng ha v ram; v khng qu 3 tn trong trng
hp vt rn c ti v ram. Nu c ng kim cho php, mu th c th c ct
ra t vt mu c rn t cng mt phi v cng mt iu kin, c gia nhit
cng mt l v c cng thi gian.
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5 Thp rn nhit luyn trong l lin tc m khng thay i iu kin nhit luyn phi c
coi l thp rn c nhit luyn ng thi.
6.1.9 Kim tra b mt v kch thc
1 Khi nhit luyn v gia cng ln cui cng hon thnh, phi tin hnh kim tra b mt ti
thi im thch hp trong qu trnh gia cng, nu cn thit.
2 Nh ch to phi c trch nhim kim tra kch thc ca thp rn.
1 Thp rn phi c kim tra khng ph hy theo quy nh (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Kim tra siu m:
(a) Nhng loi thp rn sau y phi c kim tra siu m trong giai on ch to
thch hp v bin bn ca nhng ln th ny phi trnh cho ng kim.
(i) Trc li v cht trc li;
(ii) Thp rn quy nh 2.2.1-1, Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny;
(iii) Trc lc y, trc trung gian, trc chn vt;
(iv) Bnh rng gim tc v trc bnh rng gim tc;
(v) Rto, a v cnh tua bin;
(b) My siu m th thp rn phi m bo hot ng c hiu qu.
(c) Cn b thc hin kim tra siu m phi c trnh k thut v kinh nghim.
(2) Kim tra bng t tnh hoc phng php thm thu cht lng:
Nhng b phn quan trng sau y ca thp rn phi c kim tra bng t tnh hoc
bng phng php thm thu cht lng trong cc giai on ch to thch hp.
(a) Thp rn phi c th t tnh hoc kim tra bng thm thu cht lng theo yu
cu quy nh 2.2.1-1, Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny;
(b) Trc chn vt;
(c) Bnh rng gim tc;
(d) Rto, a v cnh tua bin.
2 ng kim c th yu cu th vt in lu hunh i vi cc vng ca bnh rng c
cc rng b ct.
3 ng kim c th chp nhn nhng phng php kim tra khng ph hy khc thay cho
phng php th quy nh -1 v -2 trn, nu xt thy cn thit.
4 ng kim c th yu cu kim tra khng ph hy i vi thp rn ngoi nhng quy nh
-1 trn, nu thy cn thit.
5 Nhng b phn ca thp rn dng trong kt cu hn phi c kim tra khng ph hy,
nu ng kim yu cu.
1 Trng hp pht hin thy khuyt tt c hi cho mc ch s dng ca thp rn th khuyt
tt phi c loi b bng phng php mi, v.v...
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2 Sau khi loi b khuyt tt, phi tin hnh kim tra bng t tnh hoc phng php thm
thu cht lng m bo rng khuyt tt c loi b hon ton.
3 Thp rn loi b khuyt tt phi c ng kim vin chp nhn. Kt qu cc rnh
khot c bn knh y bng khong 3 ln su ca rnh khot v phi c kt hp
vi b mt xung quanh sao cho trnh c bt k ng nt sc cnh v tp trung
ng sut no.
4 ng kim c th cho php sa cha thp rn bng phng php hn, tr thp rn lm
trc khyu. Trong trng hp ny, chi tit y v phm vi v v tr sa cha, quy trnh
hn d kin, quy trnh nhit luyn v quy trnh kim tra tip theo phi c trnh cho ng
kim ph duyt.
5 Nu ng kim vin yu cu, nh my ch to thp rn phi gi bo co v vic sa cha
v kim tra tip theo lin quan n mi ln sa cha thp rn.
6.1.12 ng du
Thp tha mn cc yu cu th phi c ng du phn bit ph hp vi yu cu
1.5.1. i vi thp rn p dng cc yu cu quy nh 6.1.6-2 th tr s tng ng
bn ko quy nh phi c s dng vo du hiu ch cp thp (th d: bn ko quy
nh l 460 N/mm
2
, th SF47 phi c ghi ln mc).
6.1.13 Yu cu b sung i vi trc khuu
1 Nu trc khuu c c ng knh bng 250 mm v ln hn c ch to bng phng
php rn, th thng thng phi nhit luyn sau khi phn khuu c gia cng gn ti
hnh dng hon chnh. Trong trng hp ny, mt b mu phi c ct ra t mi u
trc.
2 Nu trc khuu c, trc khuu bn ghp v m trc khuu ghp hon ton c ch to
theo quy trnh c bit th phi c tin hnh th s b theo ch dn ca ng kim k
c quy trnh ch to cng nh chn mu th.
3 Nu quy trnh ch to c bit c chp nhn gim kch c ca trc khuu theo quy
nh 2.3.1-1 Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny, th phi tin hnh th s b theo ch dn ca
ng kim.
6.1.14 Yu cu b sung i vi Rto tua bin
1 Mu th rto tua bin phi c ct theo quy nh (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Nu rto tua bin c khi lng ln hn 3 tn th mt b mu th dc phi c ct ra
t mi u thn trc v mt b mu th tip tuyn phi c ct ra theo hng tip
tuyn vi thn rto. (Xem Hnh 7A/6.1)
(2) Nu khi lng rto tua bin bng 3 tn v nh hn th mt b mu th dc phi
c ct t mt u thn trc v mt b mu th tip tuyn phi c ct theo
hng tip tuyn.
2 i vi mi a tua bin, mt b mu th tip tuyn phi c ct ra theo hng tip tuyn
t phn c rto (xem Hnh 7A/6.2).

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3 Rto tua bin rn c dng lm my chnh c nhit hi nc vo ln hn 400
o
C phi
c th n nh t nht mt ln vo thi im thch hp sau khi gia cng th hoc
nhit luyn. Yu cu ny cng p dng i vi rto c lp ghp theo phng php hn.
Trc khi th n nh, ng kim s quyt nh phng php th.
6.1.15 Yu cu b sung i vi bnh rng gim tc
1 Bnh rng dng lm bnh rng gim tc phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh t (1)
n (4) di y:
(1) Nu ng knh sau khi gia cng khng ln hn 200 mm m trn rng c
ct, th mt b mu th dc phi c ct t mt u ca c trc (xem Hnh 7A/6.3).
Hng dc L

Hnh 7A/6.1 Chn mu th i vi rto tua bin
Hng ngang T
Hng dc T

Hng dc L

Hng dc L

Hng dc L
Hnh 7A/6.2 Chn mu th i vi a tua bin
Hng ngang T

Ch thch: Mi b mu th phi c ct t
mt v tr ch ra trong hnh
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(2) (a) Nu ng knh sau khi gia cng ln hn 200 mm v khi lng ca mt phi
mu qu 3 tn, phi ct b mu th tip tuyn t mi u ca phn tip gip ti
ch rng s c ct (xem Hnh 7A/6.4 (A)). Trng hp ly mu th gp kh
khn do cu to ca c trc th mu th tip tuyn c th c ct ra t u
c trc (xem Hnh 7A/6.4 (B)). Nu ng knh gia cng ca c trc khng
ln hn 200 mm, c th ct mt b mu th dc t mi u c trc (xem Hnh
7A/6.4 (C)).
(b) Nu ng knh sau khi gia cng ln hn 200 mm v khi lng phi mu
khng qu 3 tn th phi ct mt b mu th t mt u ca bnh rng nh quy
nh (a) trn.
(3) Nu bnh rng c thit k c thn rng chm trong trc, th mt b mu th tip
tuyn c ct theo phng tip tuyn t u thn rng.
(4) Nu c nhiu bnh rng, mi bnh rng nng khng qu 250 kg c ch to t mt
phi v c nhit luyn ng thi, th t nht c 2 bnh rng phi c ct mt b
mu th.

2 Vnh rng dng hp gim tc v trc cam lai bnh rng ng c i--den (xem 2.2.2-1
Phn 3 ca Quy chun ny) phi tun theo cc quy nh t (1) n (3) di y:
(1) Nu ng knh sau khi gia cng ca mt vnh rng ln hn 2,5 m hoc khi
lng ca n ln hn 3 tn, th phi ly mt b mu th tip tuyn t mi u ca
vnh rng v tr hng knh ngc nhau (xem Hnh 7A/6.5). Nu chiu rng gia
cng ca mt vnh rng khng qu 1m, th mt b mu th c th c ly ra t mt
trong hai u ng knh vnh rng. Tnh cht c hc ca vnh rng phi ph hp
Hnh 7A/6.4 Chn mu th i vi bnh rng c ng
knh ln hn 200 mm
Hng doc L
Hng ngang T
(C)
D >200 mm
d s 200 mm
(D ~ d)

(B)
D >200 mm
D ~ d

(A)
D >200 mm
D >d

d D
d D
Hnh 7A/6.3 Chn mu th i vi bnh rng c ng
knh gia cng khng ln hn 200 mm
Hng dc L
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vi nhng yu cu p dng trong trng hp mu th c ly theo hng song
song vi hng rn.
(2) Nu khi lng v ng knh gia cng khc vi quy nh nu (1) trn, th mt
b mu th c th c ly ra t mt u ca vnh rng.
(3) Nu c nhiu phi rn ring r m khi lng mt phi khng qu 250 kg, c ct ra
t cng mt phi ln (hoc thi ln) v c nhit luyn trong cng mt thi gian, th
t nht mt b mu th phi c ly ra t mt u ca hai vnh rng nh quy nh
(2) trn.
3 Nu bnh rng hp s cn c lm cng b mt th phi cung cp cho ng kim nhng
s liu chi tit c lin quan n vic ch to v phi c ng kim duyt quy trnh th
trc khi cng vic bt u. Trong trng hp ny, nu ng kim thy cn thit th c
th phi tin hnh th s b.
4 Cc bnh rng quy nh t -1 n -3 trn phi c th cng theo cc quy nh
di y:
(1) Bnh rng khng cn lm cng b mt
Phi tin hnh bn ln th cng theo khong cch u nhau xung quanh chu vi
bnh rng trc khi gia cng cc rng. Nu chiu rng thn rng ln hn 500 mm, th
cng phi c tin hnh mi u ca phn rng .
(2) Bnh rng c lm cng b mt
Khi vic lm cng b mt hon thnh, phi tin hnh th cng trn b mt ca rng.
(3) Kt qu cng o c phi trnh ng kim duyt.

Mu th
Hnh 7A/6.5 Chn mu th i vi vnh rng
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6.2 Thp rn khng g
6.2.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 6.2 c p dng cho thp rn khng g dng ch to van v
cc thit b ng ng lm vic nhit thp (nhit thit k -165
o
C v ln hn) hoc
trong mi trng d n mn (sau y, trong 6.2 gi l thp rn khng g).
2 Thp rn khng g c cc c tnh khc vi quy nh 6.2 phi tun theo nhng yu cu
quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3 ng kim c th a ra nhng yu cu b sung ngoi nhng quy nh 6.2.
Quy trnh ch to thp rn khng g phi nh quy nh 6.1.2.
6.2.3 Cp ca thp
Thp rn c phn thnh 9 cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/6.4.
Thnh phn ha hc ca thp rn khng g phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh
Bng 7A/ 6.4.
Bng 7A/6.4 Cp v thnh phn ha hc ca thp rn khng g
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp thp
C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Nguyn t khc
SUSF304 s 0,08 18,00 20,00 8,00 12,00
SUSF304L s 0,03 18,00 20,00 8,00 12,00 __
SUSF309S s 0,08 22,00 24,00 12,00 15,00
SUSF310S s 0,08 24,00 26,00 19,00 22,00
SUSF316 s 0,08 s 2,00 s 0,040 s 0,030 s 1,00 16,00 18,00 10,00 14,00 Mo 2,00 3,00
SUSF316L s 0,03 16,00 18,00 10,00 14,00 Mo 2,00 3,00
SUSF317 s 0,08 18,00 20,00 11,00 15,00 Mo 3,00 4,00
SUSF321 s 0,08 17,00 19,00 9,00 12,00 Ti > 5 C
SUSF347 s 0,08 17,00 19,00 9,00 13,00 Nb +Ta > 10 C
6.2.5 Nhit luyn
1 Ni chung thp rn khng g phi c nhit luyn trng thi rn.
2 Thp rn khng g lm vic trong mi trng nng c th thay i kt cu tinh th ca kim
loi hoc to nn ng sut d sau khi nhit luyn phi c nhit luyn li.
3 Thp rn khng g lm vic trong mi trng lnh gy nn co ngt qu mc ca kim
loi phi c kh ng sut d.
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4 L dng nhit luyn phi c ln nung nng ng u thp rn khng g
n nhit yu cu. L phi c trang b thit b c kh nng iu chnh v ghi li
nhit l.
Bng 7A/6.5 Tnh cht c hc ca thp rn khng g
Th ko Th cng
Cp thp
Gii hn chy
quy c (N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(L 5,65. A) =
(%)
co tht
(%)
H
B
H
RB
H
V

SUSF304L
SUSF316L
> 175 > 450 > 37 > 50
Cp ca thp
rn khc
> 205 > 520 > 37 > 50
s 187 s 90 s 200
6.2.6 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp khng g phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/6.5. Khi p dng Bng ny, thp rn khng g phi c nhit luyn trong mi trng
dung dch rn.
2 Mc d c quy nh -1 trn, c th b qua th cng i vi thp rn khng g s
dng ch to van v ph tng ng trong h thng ng ng lm vic nhit thp.
3 Nu ng kim thy cn thit, c th yu cu th v bn ca rnh kha hoc tnh chng
n mn ca thp b sung thm vo cc yu cu th quy nh.
1 Th tnh cht c hc i vi thp rn khng g phi c tin hnh ph hp vi cc yu
cu a ra Chng 2.
2 Nu nh th ko v th cng khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th li ph hp
vi cc yu cu 1.4.4.
3 Hiu s gia tr s bn ko ln nht v nh nht ca hai hoc nhiu mu th c ct
ra t cng mt vt thp rn khng g khng c ln hn 70 N/mm
2
.
4 Hiu s gia tr s cng ln nht v nh nht o c ca thp rn khng g trong
cng mt l khng c ln hn 20 (H
B
).
6.2.8 Chn mu th
1 S lng mu th ko phi c chn theo yu cu quy nh 6.1.8.
2 Mu th ko phi c ct ra sao cho trc dc ca chng song song vi hng rn, nu
khng c quy nh no khc.
3 Nu vic th c tin hnh theo quy nh 6.1.8-3(3) hoc (4), th ng kim c th yu
cu tin hnh th cng cho mi vt rn.
4 Mu th ko phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/2.1.

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1 Khi kt thc nhit luyn v gia cng cui cng, nu thy cn thit, phi tin hnh kim tra
b mt vo mt giai on thch hp trong khi gia cng.
2 Kim tra kch thc ca thp rn khng g l trch nhim ca nh sn xut.
1 Thp rn khng g dng ch to trc chn vt, v.v..., phi c kim tra khng ph hy
ph hp vi cc yu cu (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Kim tra siu m
(a) Thp rn khng g phi c kim tra siu m vo mt giai on thch hp trong
qu trnh sn sut v bin bn th phi trnh cho ng kim xem xt.
(b) c tnh ca thit b kim tra siu m phi tt th thp rn ny.
(c) Cn b thc hin kim tra siu m phi c nng lc chuyn mn v kinh
nghim tin hnh th thp rn khng g.
(2) Phn quan trng ca thp rn khng g phi c kim tra bng cht thm thu cht
lng vo giai on thch hp trong qu trnh sn xut.
2 Thay cho phng php kim tra quy nh -1 trn, ng kim c th chp nhn phng
php kim tra khng ph hy khc nu ng kim thy ph hp.
Sa cha khuyt tt ca thp rn khng g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh
6.1.11.
6.2.12 ng du
Vic ng du vo thp rn khng g phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh 1.5.1.
6.3 Thp rn dng ch to xch
6.3.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 6.3 c p dng cho thp rn dng ch to cc ph kin ca
xch nh ma n, mt xoay, v.v..., quy nh Phn 7-B ca Quy chun ny (sau y, trong
6.3 gi l thp rn).
2 Thp rn c c tnh khc vi quy nh 6.3 phi tun theo cc yu cu quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3 Ngoi nhng yu cu quy nh 6.3, ng kim c th a ra nhng quy nh b sung.
6.3.2 Cp ca thp
Thp rn c phn thnh 5 cp nh a ra Bng 7A/6.6.
6.3.3 Nhit luyn
Thp rn phi c thng ha, thng ha v ram, ti v ram hoc nhit luyn theo quy
trnh c ng kim duyt.
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Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca mi cp thp rn phi tun theo cc quy nh
Bng 7A/ 6.7. Cc nguyn t khc vi quy nh Bng 7A/6.7 c th c b sung thm,
nu c ng kim chp thun c bit.
Bng 7A/6.6 Cp ca thp rn
Cp thp Phm vi p dng
Thp rn dng ch to xch cp 2 SFC50 Xch cp 2
Thp rn dng ch to xch cp 3 SFC70 Xch cp 3
Thp rn cp R3 SFCR3 Xch cp R3
Thp rn cp R3S SFCR3S Xch cp R3S
Thp rn cp R4 SFCR4 Xch cp R4
Bng 7A/6.7 Kh xy v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp thp Kh xy C Si Mn P S Al
(1)

SFC 50 s 0,24 0,15 0,55 s 1,60 s 0,035 s 0,035 > 0,020
SFC 70 s 0,36 0,15 0,55 1,00 1,90 s 0,035 s 0,035 > 0,020
SFCR3
SFCR3S
SFCR4
Lng ht
mn

Thnh phn ha hc c th phi c ng kim xt duyt.
Vi cp SFCR4, thp phi c ti thiu l 0,2% Mlipden.
Ch thch:
(1) Thnh phn Al phi l tng thnh phn Al v c th thay mt phn bng cc nguyn t
lm mn ht khc.
6.3.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca mi loi cp thp rn phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/ 6.8.
6.3.6 Chn mu th
1 Ty thuc vo ng knh danh ngha ca mt xch thng c ch to t thp rn chn
ra mt vt mu theo s lng vt rn quy nh hoc s d ca s lng vt rn quy nh
y a ra trong Bng 7A/6.9 i vi xch rn cp 2 v 3, v Bng 7A/6.10 i vi xch rn
cp R3, R3S v R4 hoc s d ca ca s lng vt rn, thuc cng mt iu kin nhit
luyn. Nu c ng kim chp nhn ring, vt mu c th c ly t phn i din
ca thp rn thi im thch hp trong ch to, hoc vt mu tch bit c rn n t
s rn tng ng vi t s rn ca thp rn. Trong trng hp ny, vt mu phi c
nhit luyn ng thi vi thp rn.
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Bng 7A/ 6.8 Tnh cht c hc
Th ko Th dai va p
(1)

Cp thp
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(2)
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(2)
(N/mm
2
)
gin
di
(L =5d)
(%)
co tht
(%)
Nhit
th
(
o
C)
Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh
(J )
SFC 50 > 295 490 690 > 22 0 > 27
SFC 70 > 410 > 690 > 17 > 40 0 > 60
SFCR3 > 410 > 690 > 17 > 50 - 20
(3)
> 40
(3)

SFCR3S > 490 > 770 > 15 > 50 - 20
(3)
> 45
(3)

SFCR4 > 580 > 860 > 12 > 50 - 20 > 50
Ch thch:
(1) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong b mu th nh hn tr s nng
lng trung bnh ti thiu quy nh hoc nu nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh
hn 70% nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu quy nh, th cuc th c coi nh
khng t.
(2) Tr s t c ca t s gii hn chy chia cho gii hn bn ko i vi cc cp
SFCR3, SFCR3S v SFCR4 khng c ln hn 0,92.
(3) Th dai va p ca cc cp SFCR3 v SFCR3S c th c tin hnh nhit 0
o
C, nu c ng kim chp nhn. Khi , nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu phi
khng nh hn 60J i vi cp SFCR3 v 65J i vi cp SFCR3S.
2 Cc mu th t mt vt mu c chun b theo -1 trn phi c ct sao cho chiu di
ca n song song vi hng rn v phi bao gm c mt mu th ko trong mt b (3
mu) th dai va p.
3 Cc mu th ko v th dai va p phi c ct t vt mu theo hng dc ti
cao bng 1/6 ng knh k t mt ngoi hoc cng gn v tr cng tt (xem Hnh
7A/3.2).
4 Mu th ko v th dai va p phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/2.1 v 7A/2.5.
Bng 7A/6.9 S lng vt rn la chn mt
vt mu cho xch cp 2 v 3
ng knh danh ngha d (mm) ca cc
mt xch thng thuc thp rn
S lng vt rn cng iu kin nhit luyn
12,5 s d s 28 250
30 s d s 48 100
50 s d s 68 75
70 s d s 98 50
100 s d s 162 25
6.3.7 Kim tra b mt
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Vic tin hnh kim tra b mt i vi cc cp thp phi chng t c rng chng khng
c khuyt tt c hi.
i vi thp cp SFCR3, SFCR3S v SFCR4, v tt c cc thp rn phi c kim tra
siu m giai on sn xut thch hp v phi chng t c rng chng khng c
khuyt tt c hi.
Bng 7A/6.10 S lng vt rn la chn mt
vt mu cho xch cp R3, R3S v R4
ng knh danh ngha d (mm) ca cc
mt xch thng thuc thp rn
S lng vt rn cng iu kin nhit luyn
50 s d <75 75
75 s d <100 50
100 s d <125 25
125 s d <150 20
150 s d 15
Nu mu th ko v mu th dai va p c chn u tin th m khng t yu
cu, th c th tin hnh th b sung theo quy nh 3.6.9.
6.3.10 ng du
Thp rn tha mn cc cuc th theo quy nh phi c ng du km theo cc du
hiu ph hp vi quy nh 1.5.1.
6.4 Thp rn dng nhit thp
6.4.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh trong 6.4 c p dng cho thp rn dng ch to van v cc
ph tng trong h thng ng ng lm vic nhit thp (sau y, trong 6.4 gi l
thp rn).
2 Thp rn khc vi quy nh 6.4 hoc dng vo mc ch khc vi quy nh -1 trn phi
tun theo quy nh 1.1.1-2.
3 Ngoi nhng quy nh 6.4, ng kim c th a ra nhng yu cu b sung.
6.4.2 Cp ca thp rn
Thp rn c phn thnh 5 cp nh a ra Bng 7A/6.11.
6.4.3 Nhit luyn
Thp rn phi c thng ha v ram, ti v ram hoc thng ha hai ln v ram.

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Vic kh xy v thnh phn ha hc ca mi cp thp phi theo quy nh Bng 7A/6.11.
6.4.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca thp rn phi ph hp nhng yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/6.12.
2 Nu ng kim thy cn thit, th c th th b sung ngoi cc cuc th quy nh im
-1 trn.
Bng 7A/6.11 Cp ca thp rn v thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp
thp
Kh
xy
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Cu Al
LFA s 0,23 0,15 0,35 s 1,10
LFB s 0,20 0,15 0,35 s 1,60
LFC s 0,12 0,10 0,35 0,55 1,00 0,50 0,95 0,50 0,95 0,40 0,75 0,04 0,3
LF3 s 0,20 0,15 0,35 s 0,90 3,25 3,75
LF9

Ht
mn
lng
hon
ton
s0,10 0,10 0,35 s 0,90
s 0,03 s 0,03
8,50 9,60
Th ko Th dai va p
(2)

Cp thp
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn
bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(L =5,65 A)
(%)

co tht
(%)
Nhit
th
(
o
C)
Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh (J )
LFA > 205 > 410 > 23 - 40
(1)

LFB > 275 > 490 > 20 - 50
(1)

LFC > 205 > 410 > 23
> 40
- 60
(1)

> 27
LF3 > 275 > 490 > 23 > 50 - 95 > 34
LF9 > 520 > 680 > 19 > 45 - 196 > 41
Ch thch:
(1) Nhit th dai va p i vi thp rn quy nh Phn 8D l thp hn nhit thit
k 5
o
C hoc l -20
o
C, ly nhit no thp hn.
(2) Nu nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong mt b mu th nh hn gi tr
nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo quy nh hoc nu nng lng hp th ca
mt mu th nh hn 70% gi tr nng lng hp th trung bnh ti thiu theo quy nh
th vic th coi nh khng t.

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6.4.6 Chn mu th
1 S lng mu th phi c chn theo quy nh 6.1.8.
2 Mu th ko v mu th dai va p phi c ct sao cho ng tm dc ca chng
song song vi hng rn, tr khi c cc quy nh khc.
3 Nu vic th c tin hnh nh quy nh 6.1.8-3(3) v (4), th ng kim c th yu
cu th cng i vi mi vt rn.
4 Quy cch v kch thc ca mu th phi tha mn quy nh tng ng Bng 7A/2.1 v
Bng 7A/2.5.
1 Nu mu th ko c chn u tin th m khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh
th b sung theo yu cu quy nh 1.4.4.
2 Th dai va p, th b sung phi c tin hnh theo quy nh 3.1.10 -3.
6.4.8 ng du
Vic ng du vo thp rn phi ph hp vi quy nh 6.1.12, trong trng hp c p
dng yu cu ca ch thch (1) ca Bng 7A/6.12 th phi ng thm ch T vo sau k
hiu cp. (Th d: LFA - 25T).
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CHNG 7 NG V HP KIM NG

7.1 ng ng v hp kim ng
7.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 7.1 c p dng cho cc ng ng v hp kim ng.
2 Cc ng ng v hp kim ng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy nh ca QCVN tng
ng hoc cc tiu chun khc c ng kim cng nhn l tng ng. Tuy nhin,
ng kim khng yu cu th duyt trong qu trnh sn xut.
3 ng ng v hp kim ng c c tnh khc vi quy nh 7.1 phi tun theo quy nh
1.1.1-2.
7.1.2 Cp ca ng ng v hp kim ng
ng ng v hp kim ng c phn loi v cp nh Bng 7A/7.1.
Bng 7A/7.1 Loi v cp ca ng
Loi Cp
ng ng lin ng dixit pht pho rc C 1201, C 1220
ng thau C 2600, C 2700, C 2800
ng thau dng lm ng ngng t C 4430, C 6870, C 6871, C 6872 ng ng hp kim lin
ng - niken dng lm ng ngng t C 7060, C 7100, C 7150
7.1.3 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca ng ng v ng hp kim ng phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh
Bng 7A/7.2.
7.1.4 Th v kim tra
Vic th v kim tra ng ng phi ph hp vi quy nh ca QCVN tng ng. Vic
th v kim tra cc ng c p sut lm vic ti a khng qu 1 MPa c th khng cn c
s chng kin ca ng kim.
7.2 Hp kim ng c
7.2.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh 7.2 c p dng cho hp kim ng c dng ch to chn
vt v cnh chn vt (sau y, trong 7.2 gi l ng c chn vt).
2 ng c chn vt c nhng c tnh khc vi cc quy nh 7.2 phi tun theo cc quy
nh 1.1.1-2.
3 Hp kim ng c dng ch to nhng chi tit quan trng khc vi quy nh -1 trn,
phi ph hp vi quy nh ca QCVN hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng. Trong
trng hp ny, c th khng cn c s chng kin ca ng kim th v kim tra, tr
trng hp c yu cu ghi trong h s thit k.
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Th ko
Loi Cp Gii hn bn ko
( N/mm
2
)
gin di
(%)
ng ng dixyt phtphoric lin
C 1201
C 1220
> 205 > 40
C 2600 > 275 > 45
C 2700 > 295 > 40
ng ng thau lin
C 2800 > 315 > 35
C 4430 > 315 > 30
C 6870
C 6871

> 370
(1)
> 40 ng ng lin dng lm ng ngng t
C 6872

> 350
(2)
> 40
C 7060 > 275 > 30
ng ng-niken lin dng lm ng ngng
t
C 7100 > 315 > 30
C 7150 > 360 > 30
Ch thch:
(1) p dng i vi ng c ng knh ngoi t 5 mm n 50 mm.
(2) p dng i vi ng c ng knh ngoi ln hn 50 mm n 200 mm.

7.2.2 Cp ca ng c chn vt
ng c chn vt c phn loi v cp nh Bng 7A/7.3.
Bng 7A/7.3 Loi v cp
Loi Cp
ng thau mangan c - Cp 1 HBsC 1
ng thau mangan-niken c - Cp 2 HBsC 2
ng thau nhm-niken c - Cp 3 AlBC 3
ng thau nhm-magan c - Cp 4 AlBC 4
Thnh phn ha hc ca ng c chn vt phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng
7A/7.4. Tuy nhin, ng c chn vt cp HBsC1 v HBsC2 cn phi tun theo nhng quy
nh (1) hoc (2) di y:
(1) Thnh phn km tng ng xc nh theo cng thc di y khng c qu 45%:
Thnh phn km tng ng (%) =100 -
A 100
Cu(%) x 100
+

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Trong :
A =Sn +5Al - 0,5Mn - 0,1Fe - 2,3Ni (%)
(2) Mi mu th ko phi c kim tra theo phng php gin kim loi hc v t l
pha anpha (o) xc nh trung bnh trong nm ln m khng c thp hn 25%.
Bng 7A/7.4 Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Cp Cu Al Mn Zn Fe Ni Sn P
b

HBsC1 52 62 0,5 3,0 0,5 4,0 35 40 0,5 2,5 s 1,0 s 1,5 s 0,5
HBsC2 50 57 0,7 2,0 1,0 4,0 33 38 0,5 2,5 2,5 8,0 s 1,5 s 0,5
AlBC3 77 82 7,0 11,0 0,5 4,0 s 1,0 2,0 6,0 3,0 6,0 s 0,1 s 0,03
AlBC4 70 80 6,5 9,0 8,0 20,0 s 6,0 2,0 5,0 1,5 3,0 s 1,0 s 0,05
7.2.4 Nhit luyn
Nu ng c chn vt c nhit luyn, quy trnh c th cho vic nhit luyn phi c
trnh cho ng kim ph duyt trc khi nhit luyn.
7.2.5 Tnh cht c hc
Tnh cht c hc ca ng c chn vt phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/7.5.
Cp
Gii hn chy hoc
gii hn chy quy c (N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
(L =5d)
HBsC1 > 175 > 460 > 20
HBsC2 > 175 > 440 > 20
AlBC3 > 245 > 590 > 16
AlBC4 > 275 > 630 > 18
Ch thch:
(1) Cc yu cu trong bng p dng cho mu th ct t cc vt th ring bit, nu mu th
ct t ng c chn vt th cc yu cu s do ng kim quy nh.
(2) ng kim quy nh cc yu cu lin quan n gii hn chy hoc gii hn chy quy
c khi lin quan n cng vic thit k.
7.2.6 Th c tnh
1 Th c tnh i vi ng c chn vt phi l th ko, v phi c thc hin ph hp vi
cc yu cu quy nh trong Chng 2 ca phn ny.
2 Nu cc mu th ko chn u tin th khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th b
sung theo quy nh 1.4.4. Cc mu th b sung phi c ly t cng vt mu ly cc
mu th ln u hoc t cc mu th khc i din cho ng c chn vt.
7.2.7 Chn mu th
1 Cc vt mu th cho ng c chn vt phi c c ring r vi ng c chn vt.
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2 Vt mu th phi c c trong khun vi cng vt liu nh khun i vi ng c
chn vt v chng phi c c di cng iu kin nh ng c chn vt. Hnh dng v
kch thc ca vt mu th phi c ng kim duyt.
3 Vt mu th phi c c t cng mt m c s dng cho vic c chn vt, ngoi tr
cc trng hp c bit do ng kim yu cu. Nu s lng m c nhiu hn 1 m c
s dng c chn vt khng c trn trc khi rt, th mi mt m c phi c ly
mt vt mu th.
4 Mt mu th phi c ct ra t mi vt mu th.
1 ng c chn vt phi c kim tra b mt giai on ch to cui cng i vi cc
vng A, B v C nh ch ra trong Hnh 7A/7.1. Vic kim tra c th cng c yu cu ti
cc cng on trong qu trnh gia cng tng ng, nu cn thit.
2 Nh ch to phi tin hnh kim tra kch thc i vi chn vt c. Nu phi thc hin
vic nn cnh chn vt, th quy trnh nn phi c ng kim duyt.
1 ng c chn vt phi c kim tra thm thu tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
2 ng kim c th yu cu kim tra siu m hoc chp nh phng x, nu xt thy cn thit.
1 Trng hp pht hin thy c khuyt tt trong ng c chn vt, khuyt tt c th c
ty bng phng php mi, v.v..., v b mt ca vt lm phi nhn. Trong trng hp ny,
phi tin hnh kim tra khng ph hy mt cch thch hp i vi vng sa cha
m bo rng tt c cc khuyt tt b loi b hon ton. Chn vt sa cha xong phi
c ng kim kim tra xc nhn trc khi a vo s dng.
2 Vic hn sa cha ch khuyt tt c ty i phi c thc hin ph hp vi
nhng quy nh di y tng ng vi cc vng kim tra khng ph hy ch ra trong
Hnh 7A/7.1:
(1) Cc vng theo Hnh 7A/7.1 khi hn sa cha c php phi nh sau:
- Khng cho php hn sa khuyt tt vng A.
- Cho php hn sa cha khuyt tt vng B, nu c ng kim chp nhn
trc khi sa.
- Cho php hn sa khuyt tt vng C.
(2) Trc khi hn sa cha vng B v C trong trng hp (1) trn, phng n sa cha
bao gm cc quy trnh hn, vt liu hn, s chun b mp hn sau khi loi b khuyt
tt v quy trnh x l nhit phi c ng kim duyt.
(3) Phi tin hnh kim tra khng ph hy mt cch thch hp ti nhng ch hn sa
cha m bo rng khng cn khuyt tt tn ti.
3 Cc quy trnh hn dng cho vic sa cha phi c ng kim chp nhn.

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Hnh 7A/ 7.1 Vng quy nh kim tra khng ph hy ca ng c chn vt
Ch thch:
(1) R: Bn knh chn vt, l: Chiu di dy cung ti bn knh bt k.
(2) Chn vt c gc nghing cnh ln l chn vt c gc nging cnh ln hn 25
0
.
(3) Din tch b mt ca c c coi l vng C i vi chn vt c lin tc.
(4) Vng quy nh kim tra khng ph hy ti vng chn ca cnh chn vt bin bc hoc cnh
chn vt ghp v vng c ca chn vt bin bc phi c ng kim cho l thch ng.
C
0,7R
Chn cnh
chn vt
Mp dn
C
0,5l
0,2l
0,4R
0,7R
B
A
Mt ht
Mt p
B
(a) Chn vt khng phi loi c gc nghing cnh ln
0,9R
0,15l
0,3l
B
0,9R
Mp dn
Chn cnh
chn vt
Mt p Mt ht
0,7R
0,4R
0,5l
A B
A
(b) Chn vt c gc nghing cnh ln
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(5) Nu s phn b ng sut trn b mt cnh chn vt c tnh ton mt cch c th, th cc
vng quy nh kim tra khng ph hy khc vi hnh a ra trn c th c p dng, nu
c ng kim chp nhn.
7.2.11 ng du
Vic ng du vo ng c chn vt phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh 5.1.12.

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CHNG 8 HP KIM NHM

8.1 Hp kim nhm tm v hnh
8.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Nhng yu cu quy nh trong mc ny c p dng cho hp kim nhm tm v hp kim
nhm hnh (sau y, trong mc ny gi l "hp kim nhm") c d nh ch to cc
kt cha ca tu ch kh ha lng v kt cu thn tu.
2 Cc hp kim nhm c c tnh khc vi quy nh 8.1 phi tha mn cc yu cu quy
nh 1.1.1-2.
8.1.2 Cp ca hp kim nhm
Hp kim nhm c chia thnh cc cp nh quy nh Bng 7A/8.1.
Bng 7A/8.1 Cp v phm vi p dng ca hp kim nhm
Loi sn phm Cp vt liu
5083P
5086P
5383P
5059P
5754P
5456P
Nhm tm
6061P
5083S
5383S
5059S
5086S
6005AS
6061S
Nhm hnh
6082S
Thnh phn ha hc ca hp kim nhm phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng 7A/8.2.
8.1.4 Nhit luyn
Nhit luyn (sau y c gi l "iu kin ram") ca hp kim nhm phi ph hp vi quy
nh Bng 7A/8.3.

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8.1.5 Tnh cht c hc
1 Tnh cht c hc ca hp kim nhm phi ph hp vi quy nh Bng 7A/8.3.
2 Khi ng kim thy cn thit, c th yu cu th b sung ngoi nhng yu cu th quy
nh ph hp vi phm vi ng dng ca chng.
Thnh phn ha hc (%)
Nguyn t khc
(1)

Al
Cp vt liu
Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti
Mi
nguyn t
Tng
cng

5083P
5083S
s 0,40 s 0,40 s 0,10 0,40 1,0 4,04,9 0,05 0,25 s 0,25 s 0,05 s 0,15
5383P
5383S
s 0,25 s 0,25 s 0,20 0,7 1,0 4,05,2 s 0,25 s 0,40
s 0,15
s 0,05
(4)
s 0,15
(6)

5059P
5059S
s 0,45 s 0,50 s 0,25 0,6 1,2 5,0 6,0 s 0,25 0,40 0,90 s 0,20 s 0,05
(5)
s 0,15
(6)

5086P
5086S
s 0,50 0,20 0,7 3,54,5 0,05 0,25 s 0,25
5754P
(2)

s 0,40
s 0,50 2,6~3,6 s 0,30 s 0,20
s 0,15
5456P
s 0,25
s 0,40
s 0,10
0,501,0 4,4 5,5 0,050,20 s 0,25 s 0,20
6005AS 0,50 0,9 s 0,35 s 0,30 s 0,50 0,40 0,7 s 0,30 s 0,20 s 0,10
6061P
(3)

6061S
(3)

0,40 0,8 s 0,70 0,15 0,40 s 0,15 0,8 1,2 0,04 0,35 s 0,25 s 0,15
6082S 0,7 1,3 s 0,50 s 0,10 0,401,0

0,601,20 s 0,25 s 0,20 s 0,10
s 0,05 s 0,15
C
n

l
i

Ch thch:
(1) Khi cng nhn c s hin din ca cc nguyn t khc trong qu trnh phn tch hng
ngy th phi tin hnh phn tch tip chng.
(2) 0,10 s Mn +Cr s 0,60.
(3) 0,12 s Mn +Cr s 0,50.
(4) Zn s 0,20
(5) 0,05 s Zn s 0,25
(6) Tng ca cc nguyn t khc khng bao gm Zriconi
8.1.6 Chn vt mu th
1 i vi vt mu th nhm tm, mt mu th phi c ct ra t mi mt l, tr khi ng
kim c quy nh khc.
Mt l nhm tm c to ra bi:
(1) Trng lng khng qu 2000 kg;
(2) Cng mt hp kim v c c nh nhau;
(3) C cng chiu dy;
(4) c ch to bi cng mt phng php;
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Bng 7A/8.3(a) iu kin ram v tnh cht c hc
(1)
(nhm tm)
Th ko
Cp vt
liu
iu kin
ram
(2)

Chiu dy t
(mm)
Gii hn chy quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(3)
(%)
(L =5,65 A)

t s 50 > 125 275 350 > 14

50 < t s 80 120 195 275 345

O 80 < t s 100 > 265
> 14

100 < t s 120
> 110
> 260

120 < t s 160 > 105 > 255
> 12
5083P
160 < t s 200 > 100 > 250 > 10

H112 > 125 > 275

H116
t s 50
> 215 > 305
> 10
t s 50 215 295 305 385 > 10

H321
50 < t s 80 200 295 285 380 > 9
O > 145 > 290 > 17
H116
5383P
H321
t s 50
> 220 > 305 > 10

O t s 50 > 160 > 330 > 24
t s 20 > 270 > 370
5059P
H116
20 < t s 50 > 260 > 360
t s 20 > 270 > 370

H321
20 < t s 50 > 260 > 360
> 10

O

t s 50 > 95 240 305 > 14

5086P t s 12,5 > 125 > 250 -

H112
12,5 < t s 50 > 105 > 240

H116 t s 50 > 195

> 275
> 9
5754P
O t s 50 > 80 190 240 > 17
t s 6,3 130 205 290 365 -

O
6,3 < t s 50 125 205 285 360 > 14
t s 30 > 230 > 315
5456P 30 < t s 40 > 215 > 305

H116
40 < t s 50 > 200 > 285
> 10
t s 12.5 230 315 315 405 -
12,5 < t s 40 215 305 305 385

H321
40 < t s 50 200 295 285 370
> 10
6061P
T6 t s 6,5 > 245 > 295 -

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Bng 7A/8.3(b) iu kin ram v tnh cht c hc
(1)
(nhm hnh)
Th ko
Cp vt
liu
iu kin
ram
(2)

Chiu dy t
(mm)
Gii hn chy
quy c
(N/mm
2
)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(3)

(L =5,65 A)
(%)
t s 50 > 110 270 350 > 12
5083S
O
50 < t s 130 > 110 275-355
H111 > 165 > 275
H112
t s 50
> 110 > 270
> 10

O
5086S H111
> 145 > 290 > 17
H112
t s 50
> 190 > 310 > 13
5059S H112 t s 50 > 200 > 330 > 10
O > 95 240 315 > 12
5086S H111 > 145 > 240
H112
t s 50
> 95 > 240
> 10
T5 t s 50 > 8
6005AS 3 < t s 10
> 215 > 260
-

T6
10 < t s 50 > 240 > 260 > 6
6061S T6 t s 50 > 240 > 260 > 8
T5 t s 50 > 230 > 270 > 6
6082S 3 < t s 5 > 250 > 290 -

T6
5 < t s 50 > 260 > 310 > 8
Ch thch:
(1) Hp kim nhm c th p dng cc tiu chun khc thay cho yu cu a ra trong bng
ny, nu c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) K hiu c s dng trong iu kin ram nh sau:
O:
H111: Nguyn cng ti.
H112: Nh qu trnh ch to.
H116: Nhit luyn lm n nh kim loi sau khi ti.
H321: Nhit luyn lm n nh kim loi sau khi ti.
T5: Nhit luyn ti gi nhn to sau khi nhit lm vic c nng ln v sau
c lm ngui.
T6: Nhit luyn ti gi nhn to sau khi x l dung dch.
(3) Tiu chun v gin di a ra trong Bng p dng cho vic th ko s dng
mu th t l i vi hp kim nhm c chiu dy ln hn 12,5 mm. Nu mu th
khng phi l mu th t l c p dng cho th ko hoc chiu dy hp kim
nhm nh hn 12,5 mm th tiu chun v gin di phi do ng kim quyt nh
trong tng trng hp c th.
(5) ng thi c a vo iu kin ram nh nhau.
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i vi tm ring l hoc cc cun c trng lng ln hn 2000 kg mi cun, th mt
l c hiu l mt tm hoc mt cun.
2 i vi vt mu th nhm hnh, tr khi c ng kim quy nh ring, mt mu th phi
c ct t mt l ch to nhm hnh:
(1) Khng qu 1 tn nu trng lng nh mc trn 1 m l nh hn 1 kg/m;
(2) Khng qu 2 tn nu trng lng nh mc trn 1 m l khng nh hn 1 kg/m v
khng ln hn 5 kg/m;
(3) Khng qu 3 tn nu trng lng nh mc trn 1 m l ln hn 5 kg/m;
(4) Sn phm c cng dng v c cng mt kch thc;
(5) c ch to bi cng mt phng php; v
(6) ng thi c a vo iu kin ram nh nhau.
3 Vt mu c ct ti v tr 1/3 chiu rng tnh t mp dc ca nhm tm hoc trong di
t 1/3 n 1/2 khong cch t mp n tm phn dy nht ca nhm hnh.
8.1.7 Chn mu th
Mu th ko phi c ct ra theo quy nh t (1) n (4) di y:
(1) Mt mu th c ct ra t mi mt vt mu th.
(2) i vi nhm tm, trc dc ca mu th phi c ct ngang qua hng cn. Tuy
nhin, nu chiu rng khng ct c mu th ngang hoc trong trng hp
hp kim c ti cng b mt, th hng dc ca mu th c th c ly song song
vi hng cn.
(3) i vi hp kim nhm hnh (tit din h), trc dc ca mu th phi c ly song
song vi hng khun p.
(4) i vi vt mu c chiu dy t 40 mm tr xung, trc dc ca mu th phi c ly
khong cch bng 1/2 chiu dy tnh t b mt. i vi vt mu c chiu dy ln
hn 40 mm, trc dc mu th phi c ly v tr khong 1/4 chiu dy tnh t mt
trong cc b mt.
8.1.8 Th tnh chu n mn
1 Hp kim nhm quy nh nh trong Bng 7A/8.3 (a) iu kin ram H116 v H321 dng
ng tu hoc p dng trong cng trnh bin m thng xuyn tip xc vi nc bin th
phi th tnh chu n mn.
2 i vi mu th tnh chu n mn, mt b mu th phi c ct ra t mt l nh quy nh
8.1.6-1. Trong trng hp ny, khi lng ca mt l c th vt qu 2 tn. Mu th
c ct ra ti v tr gia ca chiu rng tm.
3 Th tnh chu n mn c ngha l kim tra qua gin kim loi hc hoc kim tra mn i
vi tnh chu n mn ca lp v v tnh chu mi mn gia cc ht tinh th kim loi.
Phng th v ch tiu nh gi do ng kim quy nh.
8.1.9 Kim tra b mt v dung sai kch thc
1 Kim tra b mt v xc nh kch thc l trch nhim ca Nh ch to.
2 Dung sai m i vi chiu dy phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra Bng 7A/8.4.
3 Tr dung sai quy nh -2 trn, dung sai kch thc cn li do ng kim quyt nh.
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8.1.10 Cht lng
1 Hp kim nhm phi c cht lng ng nht v khng c khuyt tt c hi bn trong v b
mt lm tn hi n vic s dng ca vt liu.
2 Nhng khuyt tt nh b mt c th c loi b bng phng php mi nhn hoc gia
cng sao cho chiu dy ca vt liu nm trong gii hn dung sai a ra 8.1.9-2.
1 Khi th mu th ko u tin c la chn khng t yu cu, th phi tin hnh th
b sung 2 mu th ly t cng vt mu th trc. Nu c hai mu th b sung u
tha mn yu cu th mu th th v cc mu th cn li ct t cng mt l c th
c chp nhn.
2 Nu mt hoc c hai cuc th b sung trn khng t yu cu th mu th ny phi b
loi b. Tuy nhin, vt liu cn li t cng m rt c th c chp nhn vi iu kin
hai mu th cn li trong m c la chn theo phng php trn c th c kt
qu t yu cu.
Bng 7A/8.4 Dung sai m i vi chiu dy danh ngha (nhm tm)
Chiu rng danh ngha W (mm)
W < 1500 1500 s W < 2000 1500 s W s 3500
Chiu dy danh ngha
t (mm)
Dung sai m (mm)
3 s t < 4 0,10 0,15 0,15
4 s t < 8 0,20 0,20 0,25
8 s t < 12 0,25 0,25 0,25
12 s t < 20 0,35 0,40 0,50
20 s t < 50 0,45 0,50 0,65
8.1.12 ng du
1 Hp kim nhm tha mn cc yu cu th phi c ng du ph hp vi cc yu cu
a ra 1.5.1. Trong trng hp ny du ca iu kin ram phi c t tip theo vo
sau du ca cp vt liu. Nu hp kim nhm tha mn th tnh chu n mn nh quy nh
8.1.8, th du M phi c ng vo sau du ca iu kin ram, v d: 6005AS-T5-M.
2 Nu hp kim nhm p dng cc tiu chun khc ph hp vi ghi ch (1) ca Bng 7A/ 8.3,
khi gii hn chy quy c (YP) hoc gii hn bn ko (TS) b thay i th gi tr thay i
v k hiu M phi c t tip theo vo cc k hiu nh quy nh -1 trn, v d:
6005AS - T5 - S - YP200M.

247

QUY PHM PHN CP V NG TU V THP
PHN 7 B TRANG THIT B

Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea-going Steel Ships
Part 7B Equipment

CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG

1.1 Quy nh chung
1.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Neo, xch neo, cp thp, cp si, v.v... (sau y gi l "trang thit b" Phn ny) quy nh
Phn 2 ca Quy chun ny phi tun theo cc quy nh c a ra trong cc
chng tip theo ca phn ny.
2 Nhng trang thit b khc vi quy nh trong Phn ny c th c a vo thit k v s
dng nu c ng kim chp thun. Trong trng hp ny, cc s liu chi tit lin
quan n quy trnh sn xut, ch to, v.v... ca trang thit b phi trnh ng kim duyt.
1.2 Quy trnh ch to v ph duyt trang thit b
1.2.1 Quy trnh ch to trang thit b
1 Nu khng c quy nh no khc hoc quy nh ca ng kim, cc trang thit b phi
c ch to ti xng c ng kim ph duyt quy trnh ch to trang thit b.
2 Trang thit b khc vi quy nh ca phn ny phi tun theo nhng quy nh -1 nh trn.
1.2.2 Duyt quy trnh ch to
Quy trnh ch to quy nh trong 1.2.1 phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca ng kim.
1.3 Kim sot quy trnh ch to trang thit b
1.3.1 Thc hin vic kim sot qu trnh ch to
1 Nh ch to phi c trch nhim m bo rng quy trnh ch to l c hiu lc v vic
kim sot qu trnh sn xut c tun th mt cch nghim ngt. Nu kim sot pht
hin thy c s sai khc ca sn phm hoc sn phm khng t yu cu cht lng,
trng hp c bit, nh ch to phi bo co tm tt cho ng kim. Trong trng hp
ny, mi sn phm cha t phi c th v kim tra li theo hng dn ca ng kim.
2 Nh ch to dng dng c o thch hp kim nghim trang thit b, m chng s c th
l nhng trang thit b phi tm thy li i vi cc chi tit gia cng ti cc giai an ca
qu trnh ch to.

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1.3.2 Thm tra vic kim sot
1 Nu ng kim xt thy cn thit hoc quy nh trong 1.3.1-1(1) c bo co, vic thm
tra phi c thc hin chng t rng quy trnh ph duyt c tun th mt cch
cht ch v vic kim sot qu trnh ch to l c hiu qu. Trong trng hp ny nh ch
to phi cung cp cho ng kim tt c cc phng tin cn thit v to mi iu kin
ng kim c th n c tt c cc ni sn xut ca nh my.
2 Nu ng kim pht hin thy c s sai lch ca vic kim sot trong qu trnh thm tra
nh quy nh -1 trn, ng kim c th yu cu nh ch to cung cp mt bn bo co
iu tra v nguyn nhn chnh ca s sai lch v yu cu gia tng tn s thc hin vic
th v kim tra.
1.4 Th v kim tra
1.4.1 Tin hnh th v kim tra
1 Nu khng c quy nh no khc, vt liu quy nh trong phn ny phi c th v kim
tra di s chng kin ca ng kim ti cc nh my trc khi chuyn hng i, v phi
tun theo cc yu cu quy nh t Chng 2 n Chng 8 Phn ny.
2 My s dng cho vic th c tnh ca vt liu phi c chng ch cn hiu lc, do ng
kim hoc cc t chc khc c ng kim cng nhn cp hoc ph hp vi cc tiu
chun khc nu tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
3 ng kim c th min vic th v kim tra i vi cc trang thit b c Giy chng nhn
ph hp.
4 ng kim thy c th thay i yu cu hin c i vi vic th v kim tra trang thit b
nu xt thy cht lng ca trang thit b v h thng kim tra cht lng ca Nh ch to
tha mn yu cu ca ng kim.
1.4.2 Tiu chun th v kim tra
1 Cc trang thit b phi ph hp vi cc yu cu t Chng 3 ti Chng 8 Phn ny.
2 Cc trang thit b khc vi quy nh ca phn ny phi c th v kim tra theo yu cu
k thut hoc tiu chun c ng kim duyt.
3 Ty theo iu kin lm vic d kin ca trang thit b, ng kim c th yu cu th cc
iu kin khc nhau hoc cc kiu th khc nhau.
1 Tt c trang thit b phi khng c cc khuyt tt c hi. Khng c sa cha khuyt tt
ca neo v xch neo tr khi mc v phng php sa cha (k c quy trnh hn v quy
trnh x l nhit) c ng kim duyt, ngoi ra phi tun theo nhng yu cu phn
ny v Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
2 Trong qu trnh s dng, bt k trang thit b no c trng thi k thut khng tha mn v
nu ng kim thy cn thit th phi c loi b, cho d trang thit b c ng
kim cp Giy chng nhn th v kim tra.
Tt c cc cuc th b sung trc khi loi b trang thit b u phi thc hin theo nhng
yu cu trong phn ny v Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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1.5 ng du mc trang thit b v giy chng nhn th
1.5.1 ng du mc trang thit b
1 Tt c cc trang thit b tha mn yu cu u phi c ng du "VR" v du c trng
k thut quy nh trong mi chng.
2 Trang thit b m khng thch hp vi vic ng du th c th ng du vi ngha thch
hp khc.
1.5.2 Giy chng nhn th trang thit b
Gy chng nhn th i vi trang thit b thc hin vic th v kim tra theo kiu phi
c y cc ni dung chi tit sau:
(1) Tn nh ch to
(2) Ngy th v kim tra
(3) Dng v kiu trang thit b
(4) Thng s k thut ca trang thit b (trng lng, chiu di, ng knh, v.v...)
(5) Kt qu th v kim tra
(6) Du hiu c bit
(7) Nhng lu cn thit khc.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
250

CHNG 2 NEO
2.1 Neo
2.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Neo c trang b trn tu, ngoi vic ph hp vi nhng quy nh Chng 25 Phn 2A
v Chng 21 Phn 2B ca Quy chun ny cn phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh
chng ny hoc nhng Tiu chun khc tng ng.
2.1.2 Phn loi neo
1 Neo gm 2 loi a ra di y:
(1) Neo c thanh ngng (neo Hi qun, v.v...);
(2) Neo khng c thanh ngng (neo Hall, v.v...).
2 Neo c phn cp theo h s bm ca neo (l gi tr ca lc bm chia cho khi lng
neo). Nu h s ny ln hn 6 v 12 th c gi l neo c bm cao, v ln hn 12
l neo c bm rt cao.
2.1.3 Vt liu
1 Vt liu c dng ch to neo phi l thp c, thp rn hoc thp cn quy nh
Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny. Tuy nhin, khng c dng thp c ch to cc
cht u.
2 Thp c dng ch to neo c lc bm rt cao phi c th va p v mt b gm 3
mu th va p vi mu c rnh kha phi c ct ra t vt th c c cng vi thn
neo nh quy nh trong Chng 2, Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny th. Nng lng hp
th trung bnh ti thiu phi khng c nh hn 27J ti nhit th 0
o
C. Trong trng
hp, ny nu nng lng hp th ca hai hay nhiu mu th trong b mu th nh hn
27J hoc khi nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh hn 19J , th cuc th coi nh
khng t yu cu.
3 Vng neo ca neo c lc bm rt cao phi ph hp vi yu cu v th va p ca xch
cp 3 quy nh trong Chng 3.
2.1.4 Quy trnh sn xut v ch to neo
1 Neo phi c cu to v hnh dng sao cho gi c tu khi th neo. Trc khi ch to
neo, Nh sn xut phi nhn c thit k c lin quan n kt cu, kch thc v quy
trnh ch to neo c ng kim duyt. Nh sn xut khng c thay i thit k
nu khng c s chp thun ca ng kim
2 ng kim ph duyt bn v thit k ch to neo.
3 Neo c lc bm cao v neo c lc bm rt cao, ngoi vic tha mn cc yu cu -1 trn,
cn phi c tin hnh th kh nng bm ca neo trn bin.
4 Vic hn i vi neo ch to bng thp cn ni chung phi ph hp vi cc yu cu quy
nh trong Phn 6 ca Quy chun ny.
5 Trc khi thc hin hn cht neo, v.v..., th Nh sn xut phi nhn c quy trnh ch
to c ng kim duyt.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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2.1.5 Nhit luyn
1 Cc b phn ca neo c hoc cc neo rn phi c nhit luyn thch hp theo cc yu
cu Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
2 Cc neo c ch to t thp tm bng phng php hn c th yu cu kh ng sut
d sau khi hn ph thuc vo chiu dy ca tm thp. Cc Nh sn xut phi nhn c
quy trnh kh ng sut d sau khi hn c ng kim duyt.
Nhit kh ng sut d khng vt qu nhit ram ca vt liu ch to neo.
2.1.6 Cht lng v sa cha cc khuyt tt
1 Neo phi c loi b cc vt nt, rnh kha, tp cht v cc khuyt tt khc nh hng
n kh nng lm vic ca neo.
2 Bt k sa cha cn thit no i vi neo c v neo rn u phi thc hin theo nhng
yu cu 5.1.11 v 6.1.11 ca phn 7A Quy chun ny.
3 Bt k sa cha cn thit no i vi neo c ch to hn t thp tm u phi thc
hin theo yu cu 1.4.2 ca Phn 6 Quy chun ny.
2.1.7 Kch thc v hnh dng neo
1 Cc neo phi c ch to hon ton chnh xc vi kch thc v hnh dng c
ng kim ph duyt
2 Chiu di ca cnh neo nh sau:
(1) Chiu di ca cnh neo (L) l khong cch tnh t tm ca cht n nh ca li neo
- i vi neo c cht u v t nh ca c neo n nh ca li neo - i vi neo
kiu khc (xem Hnh 7B/2.1).
(2) Nu nh ca c neo c dng lng cho, mt ct ca ng tm thn neo v mt
phng tip xc vi nh ca cnh neo c xem l nh ca c neo.
3 Nu ng kim khng c quy nh c bit no khc th vic lp rp neo phi thc hin
nh sau:
(1) Khe h ca thn neo v quai ma n c a ra trong Bng 7B/2.1 theo khi lng
ca neo.
(2) Cht ma n phi lp cht vi mt ma n, m n c vt gc pha ngai m bo
rng tnh cht lp cht l tt nht sau khi tn u cht. Khe h ca cht ma n c
a ra trong Bng 7B/2.2 ph thuc vo ng knh ca cht ma n.
(3) Cht u neo c lp kht vi hc lp thn c neo v c chiu di trnh dch
chuyn ngang. Khe h khng ln hn 1% chiu di ca hc lp thn neo.
(4) Dch chuyn ngang ca thn neo khng c vt qu 3
o
(xem Hnh 7B/2.2).
4 Vic kim tra kch thc neo c thc hin bi nh ch to. Nh ch to phi trnh cc
s liu o kch thc neo cho ng kim.
2.1.8 Khi lng
1 Khi lng thanh ngng ca cc neo c thanh ngng phi khng nh hn 1/4 khi lng
ca neo, tr khi lng ca thanh ngng.
2 Khi lng ca neo khng c thanh ngng, tr thn neo phi khng c nh hn 3/5
tng khi lng ca neo.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
252
Bng 7B/2.1 Khe h ca c hai pha ca cn neo vi quai man
Khi lng neo M(t) Dung sai m (mm)
M 3 3
3 <M 5 4
5 <M 7 6
7 <M 12
Bng 7B/2.2 Dung sai ca cht man
ng knh ca cht man (mm) Dung sai m ca mt man (mm)
57 0,5
>57 1,0

3 Khi lng ca neo khng bao gm mt xoay, tr khi n l mt b phn khng th tch ri.
4 Khi lng ca neo phi c xc nh trc khi th ko gin. Nh ch to phi trnh s
liu o cho ng kim.
5 i vi neo c thanh ngng, khi lng ca neo khng gm khi lng ca thanh ngng
v khi lng ca thanh ngng phi c xc nh ring l. i vi neo khng c thanh
ngng, phi xc nh tng khi lng ca neo v thn neo.
2.1.9 Th va p v th g ba
Trc khi thc hin cc cuc th theo quy nh 2.1.8, phi tin hnh th neo c theo
cc yu cu quy nh sau y:
1 Th ri
(1) Mi chi tit ca neo c c nng n cao 4 m v th ri trn mt sn thp t
trn nn cng phi khng c c vt nt hoc khuyt tt khc;
(2) i vi neo c thanh ngng m thn v cnh c c lin th ln u phi nng neo
cng thn v cnh neo ln n cao quy nh t th nm ngang, sau th ri
xung sn thp. Ln th hai neo c n cao quy nh nng cng vi c t th
L
23
L
13
L
Neo c thanh ngng
Chiu di o
L
2
3
L
1
3
L
Neo khng c thanh ngng
Chiu di o
Hnh 7B/2.1
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
253
quay xung di, sau th ri xung hai khi thp t trn nn cng, sao cho thn
neo gia hai cnh m khng lm cho c chm vo sn. Sau hai ln th ny phi tin
hnh kim tra v khng pht hin c vt nt hoc cc khuyt tt khc;
(3) Khi th ri, nu sn b v do va p th neo phi c th li trn mt sn mi.

2 Th g ba
Sau khi th ri theo quy nh (1) trn, neo phi c treo cch nn mt khong cch
nht nh v dng ba c khi lng 3 kg v g u trn b mt neo, sau kim tra
ton b b mt ca neo phi khng pht hin thy c vt nt hoc khuyt tt no khc.
3 Cc vt nt v nhng h hng tm thy sau khi th ri v th g ba khng c php
sa cha v nhng chi tit phi loi b.
4 Vic kim tra khng ph hy v kim tra c tnh b sung tun theo quy nh ca ng
kim trong yu cu 2.1.11-2 v -3 th ng kim c th b qua vic th ri v th g
ba.
2.1.10 Th ko gin
1 Neo phi c th ko gin ph hp vi nhng quy nh Bng 7B/2.3. Ti trng th ko
gin phi c ly ph hp vi khi lng ca neo (tr khi lng thanh ngng - i vi
neo c thanh ngng) v t ti v tr 1/3 chiu di ca mt cnh tnh t u mt ca li
neo vo, ng thi cho c hai cnh hoc cho tng cnh mt i vi cc neo c cht u,
ti trng th ko gin phi c t vo tng v tr. Trong mi trng hp, sau khi th
phi khng tm thy cc vt nt, bin dng hoc cc khuyt tt khc. Trong qu trnh th
ko gin neo phi o chiu di ti hai thi im sau:
- Khi lc ko t n 10% ti trng th quy nh.
- Khi h t t 100% ti trng ko quy nh xung cn 10% ti trng quy nh.
3
o

Hnh 7B/2.2 Gii hn dch chuyn ngang ca thn neo

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254
Hiu s chiu di ti hai ln o ny cho php ti a l 1%. (Xem Hnh 7B/2.1).
2 Ti trng th ko gin i vi cc neo c lc bm cao c ly theo ti trng th quy nh
cho cc neo thng, nhng khi lng c ly bng 4/3 ln tng khi lng thc t ca
neo c bm cao.
3 Ti trng th ko dn i vi neo c bm rt cao phi c ly theo ti trong th quy
nh cho cc neo thng, nhng khi lng ly bng 2 ln khi lng thc t ca neo c
bm rt cao.
1 Sau khi th ko gin, phi tin hnh kim tra b mt neo.
2 Sau khi th ko gin, cc b phn ca neo c phi c kim tra bng phng php
kim tra thm thu cht mu, kim tra t tnh ti cc v tr u rt v u ngt c
ct b v nu sa cha bng phng php hn th phi kim tra b sung nh quy nh
-1 trn.
3 Sau khi th ko gin, cc b phn ca neo c c lc bm cao phi c kim tra siu
m ti cc v tr u rt v u ngt, thc hin thm kim tra thm thu cht mu hoc
kim tra t tnh trn tt c cc b mt kim tra nh quy nh -1 v -2 trn.
4 Sau khi th ko dn, neo ch to bng phng php hn t thp tm phi c kim
tra thm thm thu cht mu hoc kim tra t tnh ti v tr hn kim tra nh quy
nh -1 trn.
2.1.12 ng du
1 Khi neo qua th v kim tra t yu cu th s c ng kim ng s khi lng ca
neo (tr khi lng ca thanh ngng - i vi neo c thanh ngng), vo v tr gia thn
neo, tn n v ng kim gim st, k hiu cuc th v tn Nh ch to vo v tr 2/3
chiu di ca cnh neo tnh t u mt li neo vo trn cng mt pha. Khi thn v cnh
neo c ri th tn n v ng kim gim st v s k hiu cuc th v tn Nh ch to
c ng trn thn ca neo gn cht u. Trng hp neo c thanh ngng, khi
lng ca thanh ngng, tn n v ng kim gim st v s k hiu cuc th c ng
trn thanh ngng.
2 i vi neo c lc bm cao ngoi vic ng du nh quy nh -1 trn, phi ng thm
ch "H" vo trc tn n v ng kim gim st.
3 i vi neo c lc bm rt cao ngoi vic ng du nh quy nh -1 trn, phi ng
thm ch "SH" vo trc tn n v ng kim gim st.
2.1.13 Sn
Neo ch c sn sau khi kt thc cc cuc th v kim tra t yu cu.

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255
Bng 7B/2.3 Ti trng th ko ca neo
Khi
lng ca
neo
(kg)
Ti trng
th ko

(kN)
Khi lng
ca neo

(kg)
Ti trng
th ko

(kN)
Khi lng
ca neo

(kg)
Ti trng
th ko

(kN)
Khi lng
ca neo

(kg)
Ti trng
th ko

(kN)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
12,6
14,5
16,9
19,1
21,2
23,2
25,2
27,1
28,9
30,7
32,4
33,9
36,3
39,1
44,3
49,0
53,3
57,4
61,3
65,8
70,4
74,9
79,5
84,1
88,8
93,4
97,9
103
107
112
116
124
132
140
149
158
166
175
182
191
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
199
208
216
224
231
239
247
255
262
270
278
292
307
321
335
349
362
376
388
401
414
427
438
450
462
474
484
495
506
517
528
537
547
557
567
577
586
595
604
613
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
5200
5300
5400
5500
5600
5700
5800
5900
6000
6100
6200
6300
6400
6500
6600
6700
6800
6900
7000
7200
7400
7600
7800
8000
8200
8400
8600
8800
9000
9200
9400
9600
9800
622
631
638
645
653
661
669
677
685
691
699
706
713
721
728
735
740
747
754
760
767
773
779
786
794
804
818
832
845
861
877
892
908
922
936
949
961
975
987
998
10000
10500
11000
11500
12000
12500
13000
13500
14000
14500
15000
15500
16000
16500
17000
17500
18000
18500
19000
19500
20000
21000
22000
23000
24000
25000
26000
27000
28000
29000
30000
31000
32000
34000
36000
38000
40000
42000
44000
46000
1010
1040
1070
1090
1110
1130
1160
1180
1210
1230
1260
1270
1300
1330
1360
1390
1410
1440
1470
1490
1520
1570
1620
1670
1720
1770
1800
1850
1900
1940
1990
2030
2070
2160
2250
2330
2410
2490
2570
2650
Ch thch:
Nu khi lng neo nm gia hai tr s cho trong Bng ny th ti trng th ko phi c ly
theo phng php ni suy.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
256
CHNG 3 XCH

3.1 Xch
3.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Xch neo, xch li c s dng trn tu (sau y gi l xch) v ma n, mt xoay (sau
y gi l "chi tit ca xch"), phi ph hp vi nhng quy nh 3.1 hoc vi cc Tiu
chun khc tng ng.
3.1.2 Cc loi xch
Xch c phn thnh cc loi sau y:
(1) Xch khng c ngng
(2) Xch c ngng:
- Xch c ngng cp 1
- Xch c ngng cp 2
- Xch c ngng cp 3
3.1.3 Vt liu
1 Vt liu c dng ch to xch phi ph hp mt cch tng ng vi tng cp xch v
phng php ch to chng quy nh Bng 7B/3.1.
2 Ngoi nhng quy nh -1 trn, c th dng thp trn ch to xch, nu chng tha
mn nhng quy nh 3.6.4 Phn 7A v nhng quy nh khc ca ng kim.
3 Chi tit ca xch phi c ch to t nhng vt liu quy nh Bng 7B/3.2, ph hp vi
cp xch v phng php ch to chng.
Bng 7B/3.1 Vt liu dng ch to xch
Phng php ch to xch
Cp xch Hn gip mp p lc Hn gip mp nng chy c
Xch khng ngng Thp trn cp 1(SBC31) Thp trn cp 1 (SBC31)
Xch c ngng cp 1 Thp trn cp 1 (SBC31)
Xch c ngng cp 2 Thp trn cp 2 (SBC50) Thp c xch cp 2
(SCC50)
Xch c ngng cp 3 Thp trn cp 3 (SBC70) Thp c xch cp 3
(SCC70)
Ch thch:
Vt liu dng ch to xch cp 2 c th dng cho xch cp 1.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
257
Bng 7B/3.2 Vt liu dng ch to cc chi tit ca xch
Phng php ch to
Loi mt ni
c Rn
Xch khng ngng
Xch c ngng cp 1
Xch c ngng cp 2
Thp c xch cp 2 (SCC50) Thp rn xch cp 2 (SFC50)
Xch c ngng cp 3 Thp c xch cp 3 (SCC70) Thp rn xch cp 3 (SFC70)
Ch thch: Vt liu dng ch to xch cp 3 c th dng ch to cc chi tit ca xch cp 2.
3.1.4 Quy trnh sn xut
1 Xch phi c ch to bng phng php hn gip mp (p lc, nng chy) hoc c.
Trc khi ch to xch, cc Nh sn xut phi nhn c quy trnh ch to c ng
kim duyt.
2 Xch khng ngng c ng knh ln hn 26 mm v xch c ngng khng c dng
phng php hn gip mp p lc.
3 Khi hn ngng vo mt xch, ngng phi c p st n v tr ng tm ca mt xch v
to thnh ng vung gc vi ng tm c v hai pha ca mt xch.
4 Cc chi tit ca xch phi c ch to bng phng php c hoc rn. Trc khi ch
to cc chi tit ca xch, cc Nh sn xut phi nhn c quy trnh ch to c
ng kim duyt.
3.1.5 Nhit luyn
1 Xch v cc chi tit ca xch phi c nhit luyn ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Bng
7B/ 3.3
2 Ngoi yu cu quy nh -1 trn, nu xch cp 2 ch to bng phng php hn gip mp
nng chy c gia nhit mt cch y th c th khng cn phi nhit luyn, nu
c ng kim chp thun.
Bng 7B/3.3 Nhit luyn
Nhit luyn
Cp xch
Xch Cc chi tit ca xch
Xch khng ngng
Xch c ngng cp 1
Nh hn hoc thng ha --
Xch c ngng cp 2 Thng ha ni chung Thng ha
(1)

Xch c ngng cp 3
Thng ha, thng ha v ram,
ti v ram
Thng ha, thng ha v
ram, ti v ram
Ch thch:
(1) Nhit luyn c th l thng ha v ram hoc ti v ram ty theo quy nh ca ng kim

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258
3.1.6 Cht lng v sa cha cc khuyt tt
1 Xch v cc chi tit ca xch khng c c vt nt, vt kha, tp cht v cc khuyt tt
khc lm nh hng n cht lng ca xch.
2 Cc khuyt tt trn b mt xch khc vi khuyt tt quy nh -1 trn, c th c loi b
tng phn bng my mi. Trong trng hp ny, vic mi phi c chuyn tip dn dn
n b mt xung quanh v v nguyn tc c th cho php mi su n 5% ng knh
danh ngha.
3.1.7 Kch thc v hnh dng ca xch
1 Kch thc tiu chun v hnh dng ca tng loi xch v cc chi tit ca xch phi ph
hp vi kch thc v hnh dng quy nh Hnh 7B/3.1.
2 ng knh danh ngha ca xch c biu th qua ng knh ca mt xch thng.
3 Chiu di tiu chun ca mt tit xch l chiu di ca mt on xch bng 27,5 m.
4 S mt xch trong mt tit xch phi l l, tr nhng v tr c lp mt xoay.
5 Xch v cc chi tit ca xch phi c hnh dng ng nht v phi c phn un tng
mt xch lm vic c d dng.
Dung sai kch thc ca mt xch thng v cc chi tit ca n phi c xc nh ngay
sau khi th ko theo quy nh (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Xch
(a) Dung sai m ti u xch ca mi cp xch phi c xc nh theo ng knh
danh ngha quy nh Bng 7B/3.4. Dung sai dng c th n 5% ng knh
danh ngha. Tuy nhin, din tch mt ct ngang ca u xch khng c c dung
sai m.
(b) Dung sai cc phn khc vi u xch ca mi cp xch c n +5%, nhng
khng c c dung sai m.
(c) Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh (a) v (b) trn, dung sai ng knh cc
phn hn phi khng c m. Dung sai dng phi do ng kim quy nh.
(d) Dung sai ln nht theo chiu di ca 5 mt xch phi l +2,5%, khng c c
dung sai m.
(e) Dung sai cc kch thc cn li phi nm trong gii hn 2,5%.
(2) Cc chi tit ca xch:
(a) Dung sai ng knh cc chi tit ca xch cho php n +5% ng knh danh
ngha, khng c c dung sai m.
(b) Dung sai cc kch thc cn li c ly theo dung sai ch to bng 2,5%.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
259

1,1 d
d
3,8 d
3,5 d
4
,
9

d
6

d
0
,
3
7

d
Cht cn
(thp khng g)
0
,
7
5

d
0,19 d
1,32 d 1,32 d
2,82 d
1,32 d
1,32 d

4,75 d
8
,
5

d
0
,
7
5

d
1
,
9
d
Ma n neo Ma n ni
0
,7
1
d
0
,
2
8

d1,13d
3,8 d
1,2 d
0,94 d
2,55 d
1,2 d
0,19 d
1,2 d
6
,
1

d
1
,
5
d
0
,
7
1

d
Cht cn
(thp khng g)
3,6 d
d
4 d
1,1 d
1,2 d
4 d
6

d
6
,
5

d
6
,
7
5

d
(1) Xch ngn khng ngng v man
Mt cui Mt thng
Hn in
1,55d
1,125d
0,67 d
1,0 d -1,1 d
5
,
7

d
2,7 d
1
,
6
5

d
1
,
3
6

d
4,7 d
3,2 d
1,63 d
2,2 d
2 d
1,45 d ... c
1,25 d ... rn
3,2 d ... c
3,1 d ... rn
0
,
8

d
0,67 d
0,73 d
1,83 d
0,67 d
0,106
d
0,36 d
d
4,4 d
4,2 d
6

d
1,52d
d
d
0,73 d
1,1 d
1,1 d
Cht cn
(thp khng g)
(2) Xch c ngng v ma n
Ma n neo Ma n kiu Ken-t Ma n ni
Mt xoay Mt cui Mt ln Mt thng
0
,
3

d
0
,
7

d
1,2 d
4 d 1,3 d
d
2,8 d
1,3 d
0,2 d
1,3 d
1
,
6

d
1,4 d
1,4 d
0,3 d
1,4 d 1,4 d
0,75.d
5,05 d
Cht cn
(thp khng g)
3 d
9

d
0
,
8

d
2
,
1

d
0
,
4

d
0
,
8

d
7
,
1

d
Hnh 7B/ 3.1 Kch thc v hnh dng ca xch, ma n v mt xoay

Hnh 7B/3.1
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
260
3.1.9 Khi lng
Khi lng ca mi cp xch phi ph hp vi khi lng tiu chun quy nh Bng
7B/3.5 v phi c xc nh ngay sau khi th ko gin.
Bng 7B/ 3.4 Dung sai m cho php i vi ng knh
ng knh danh ngha (mm) Dung sai m cho php (mm)
d 40 1
40 d 84 2
84 d 122 3
d > 122 4
3.1.10 Th ko t
1 Th ko t xch phi c thc hin qua cc mu th m mi mu th phi c t nht l
3 mt xch v c ly bt k trong s xch ch to. Vic th phi c tin hnh sau
khi nhit luyn.
2 Mi mu th phi c ly t mi ng xch gm 4 tit xch vi s chng kin ca ng
kim vin. Tuy nhin, i vi hai on xch ngn c tng chiu di nh hn 27,5 m th hai
on xch ny c coi nh l mt tit xch.
3 Mu th phi chu c ti trng th ko t quy nh Bng 7B/3.5. Ti trng th ko
t phi duy tr ti thiu l 30 giy.
4 Nu kh nng ca my th khng th t n ti trng th ko t quy nh Bng
7B/3.5 th ng kim c th chp nhn thay th bng phng php th khc.
5 Nu kt qu th khng t yu cu th c th c th li bng hai b mu th khc c
ly trong cng tit xch ly mu th. Nu kt qu ca hai b mu th ny t yu cu
th ba tit xch cn li c th c chp nhn. Nu mt trong hai mu th li khng t yu
cu th tit xch c ly mu th phi b loi b v ba tit xch cn li phi c ly mu
th ko t tng tit mt. Nu kt qu th ca mt trong ba tit xch ny khng t yu
cu th phi loi b c ba tit xch ny.
6 Khi thay cc mt xch cn thiu bng mt xch mi chun b th li theo quy nh -5
trn, mt xch thay th phi c ch to ph hp vi quy trnh ch to xch v phi c
th ko t t yu cu.
3.1.11 Th ko t cc chi tit ca xch
1 Cc chi tit ca xch phi c th ko t theo ti trng quy nh Bng 7B/3.5 ph hp
vi tng cp xch. i vi ma n, mt xoay, mt ln v mt cui c ch to bng vt liu
c, mt mu dng th ko t phi c ly bt k cng mt m c c cng mc, cng
quy cch v cng quy trnh nhit luyn vi s lng chi tit khng nhiu hn 25. i vi
ma n kiu Ken-t mt mu th ko t phi c ly trong cng mt m c c s lng
chi tit khng nhiu hn 50.
2 Nu kt qu th quy nh -1 trn khng t yu cu, c th ly hai mu bt k trong cng
m c ny th li. Nu kt qu th ca mt trong hai chi tit th li khng t yu cu
th phi loi b c m c ny.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
261
3 Cc chi tit qua th ko t, khng c php a vo s dng tip. Tuy nhin, cc
chi tit nu th thnh cng vi ti trng th ko t thch hp vi xch th c th c
s dng theo s xem xt ca ng kim.
4 Cc chi tit c min th dai va p, nu chng tha mn yu cu t (1) n (3) di
y v phi c ng kim chp nhn.
(1) Th ko t cc chi tit c chng minh l t yu cu qua ln th ko ca cc
chi tit cng thit k;
(2) Th bn ko v th dai va p c chng minh l t yu cu qua cc m
c;
(3) Kim tra khng ph hy truc khi xut xng t yu cu.
3.1.12 Th ko gin
1 Th ko gin phi c thc hin cho tng tit xch. Cc tit xch ny sau khi th ko gin
theo ti trng th quy nh Bng 7B/3.5, phi khng c c vt nt, khng b t hoc
c bt k khuyt tt no khc. Nu cn thit, th ko gin phi c thc hin sau khi
nhit luyn xch.
2 Nu kt qu th ko gin -1 trn khng t yu cu, cc tit ny c th c th li mt
ln na khi thay cc mt xch b hng bng mt xch c ch to cng kiu, nhng
vi iu kin tng s mt xch hng trong mt tit xch khng c nhiu hn 5%.
3 Mi loi chi tit ca xch phi c th ko gin vi ti trng th quy nh Bng 7B/3.5
ph hp vi loi xch, ng knh ca xch m khng b nt, b t hoc c bt k khuyt
tt no khc. Cc chi tit ny c th c tin hnh th bng ti trng th ko gin ng
thi cng vi mt tit xch no c cng ng knh m chi tit c ni.
3.1.13 Th c tnh cc mt xch cp 2 v cp 3
1 Nu cc mt xch cp 2 v cp 3 c hn bng phng php gip mp nng chy, phi
tin hnh th tnh cht c hc ph hp vi nhng yu cu quy nh.
2 Tnh cht c hc ca xch phi tha mn quy nh Bng 7B/3.6.
3 Tr khi p dng Ch thch (2) v (3) trong Bng 7B/3.6, mt mu th ko v mt b mu
th va p gm ba mu phi c ly t phn khng c mi hn (tr xch cp 2 khng
c nhit luyn). Ngoi ra, i vi xch cp 3, mt b mu th va p gm ba mu phi
c ly ti phn c mi hn v tm ca mu th phi c t ng mi hn. Cc mu
th ny phi c ly bt k trong bn tit xch, nhng khng c ly t cc tit xch
qua th ko t.
4 Quy trnh th v hnh dng ca mu th phi tha mn vi nhng quy nh Chng 2,
Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
5 Nu kt qu th c tnh ca cc mt xch khng ph hp vi quy nh phn ny th phi
tin hnh th b sung theo quy nh 3.6.9, Phn 7A ca Quy chun ny.
3.1.14 ng du
Xch v cc chi tit qua th v kim tra t yu cu th chng s c ng du ca
ng kim, trong ghi r cp xch, ng knh danh ngha v s th.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
262
Bng 7B/3.5 Ti trng th ko t v th ko gin xch
Xch c ngng Xch khng c ngng
Xch cp 1 Xch cp 2 Xch cp 3
ng
knh
danh ngha
d (mm)
Ti trng
th ko
t
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
t
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
t
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Khi
lng ca
xch /1mt
(kg)
Ti
trng th
ko t
(kN)
Ti
trng th
ko gin
(kN)
Khi
lng ca
xch /1mt
(kg)
12,5
14
16
17,5
19
20,5
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
73
76
78
81
84
87
90
92
95
97
98
100
102
105
107
108
111
114
117
120
122
124
66
82
107
127
150
175
200
237
278
321
368
417
468
523
581
640
703
769
837
908
981
1060
1140
1220
1290
1380
1470
1560
1660
1750
1840
1990
2150
2260
2410
2580
2750
2920
3040
3230
3340
3400
3530
3660
3850
3980
4040
4250
4440
4650
4850
5000
5140
46
58
76
89
105
123
140
167
194
225
257
291
328
366
406
448
492
538
585
635
686
739
794
851
909
969
1030
1100
1160
1230
1290
1390
1500
1580
1690
1800
1920
2050
2130
2260
2340
2380
2470
2560
2700
2790
2830
2970
3110
3260
3400
3500
3600
92
116
150
179
211
244
280
332
389
449
514
583
655
732
812
896
981
1080
1170
1270
1370
1480
1590
1710
1810
1940
2060
2190
2310
2450
2580
2790
3010
3160
3380
3610
3850
4090
4260
4510
4680
4770
4940
5120
5390
5570
5660
5940
6230
6510
6810
7000
7200
66
82
107
127
150
175
200
237
278
321
368
417
468
523
581
640
703
769
837
908
981
1060
1140
1220
1290
1380
1470
1560
1660
1750
1840
1990
2150
2260
2410
2580
2750
2920
3040
3230
3340
3400
3530
3660
3850
3980
4050
4250
4440
4650
4850
5000
5140
132
165
216
256
301
349
401
476
556
642
735
833
937
1050
1160
1280
1400
1540
1680
1810
1960
2110
2270
2430
2600
2770
2940
3130
3300
3500
3690
3990
4300
4500
4820
5160
5500
5840
6080
6440
6690
6820
7060
7320
7700
7960
8090
8480
8890
9300
9720
9990
10280
92
116
150
179
211
244
280
332
389
449
514
583
655
732
812
896
981
1080
1170
1270
1370
1480
1590
1710
1810
1940
2060
2190
2310
2450
2580
2790
3010
3160
3380
3610
3850
4090
4260
4510
4680
4770
4940
5120
5390
5570
5660
5940
6230
6510
6810
7000
7200
3,422
4,292
5,606
6,707
7,906
9,203
10,600
12,610
14,800
17,170
19,710
22,430
25320
28,380
31,620
35040
38,630
42,400
46,340
50,460
54,750
59,220
63,860
68,680
73,670
78,840
84,180
89,700
95,400
101,300
107,300
116,700
126,500
133,200
143,700
154,500
165,800
177,400
185,400
197,600
206,100
210,300
219,000
227,800
241,400
250,700
255,400
269,800
284,600
299,800
315,400
326,000
336,700
58
72
95
113
133
155
178
213
250
290
332
379
428
480
533
591
652
716
783
852
925
29
36
47
57
67
78
89
107
125
145
174
189
214
239
267
296
327
358
391
426
462
3,40
4,26
5,56
6,66
7,84
9,14
10,52
12,52
14,72
17,08
19,60
22,28
25,16
28,20
31,44
34,80
38,40
42,00
46,00
50,00
54,40
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
263
Bng 7B/3.5 Ti trng th ko t v th ko gin xch (tip theo)
Xch c ngng Xch khng c ngng
Xch cp 1 Xch cp 2 Xch cp 3 ng
knh
danh
ngha
d (mm)
Ti
trng
th ko
t
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
t
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Ti
trng
th ko
t
(kN)
Ti trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Khi
lng
ca
xch
/1mt
(kg)
Ti
trng
th
ko
t
(kN)
Ti
trng
th ko
gin
(kN)
Khi
lng
ca xch
/1mt
(kg)
127
130
132
137
142
147
152
157
162
5350
5570
5720
6080
6450
6840
7220
7600
7990
3750
3900
4000
4260
4520
4790
5050
5320
5590
7490
7800
8000
8510
9030
9560
10100
10640
11170
5350
5570
5720
6080
6450
6840
7220
7600
7990
10710
11140
11420
12160
12910
13660
14430
15200
15970
7490
7800
8000
8510
9030
9560
10100
10640
11170
353,20
370,10
381,60
411,00
441,00
473,20
506,00
539,80
574,70

Ch thch:
Khi ng knh danh ngha nh hn 12,5 mm hoc nm gia hai s ca Bng trn th ti
trng th ko t v th ko gin. Khi lng ca xch /1mt c ly theo bng sau:
Loi xch Ti trng th ko t
(N)
Ti trng th ko gin (N) Khi lng ca xch /1mt
(kg)
Xch khng ngng 370d
2
184d
2
0,0217d
2

Xch c ngng loi 1 9,81d
2
(44-0,08d) 6,86d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0219d
2

2
(44-0,08d) 9,81d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0219d
2

2
(44-0,08d) 13,73d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0219d
2

Trong :
d - ng knh danh ngha (mm)
Bng 7B/3.6 Tnh cht c hc
Ngoi phn hn Phn hn
Th ko
(2)(3)
Th dai va p
(1)(2)(3)
Th dai va p
(1)(2)
Cp
ca
xch Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn
chy quy c
Gii hn
bn ko
gin
di (L=5d)
co
tht
Nhit
th
Nng lng
hp th trung
bnh
Nhit
th
Nng lng
hp th
trung bnh
(N/mm
2
) (N/mm
2
) (%) (%) (
o
C) (J ) (
o
C) (J )
Cp 2 295 490 690 22 - 0 27 - -
Cp 3 410 690 17 40 0 60 0 50
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
264
Ch thch:
(1) Khi gi tr nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong b mu th nh hn nng lng
hp th trung bnh nh nht hoc gi tr nng lng hp th ca mt mu th nh hn 70%
nng lng hp th trung bnh nh nht, th cuc th c coi l khng t yu cu.
(2) Khng yu cu th dai va p i vi xch cp 2 qua nhit luyn.
(3) ng kim c th min tr vic th dai va p i vi xch cp 2 cha qua nhit luyn.
3.1.15 Sn
Xch v cc chi tit ch c sn sau khi kt thc cc cuc th v kim tra t yu cu.
3.2 Xch gin khoan
3.2.1 Phm vi p dng
Xch dng cho gin khoan (sau y gi l Xch gin khoan), ma n v mt xoay dng
ni xch gin khoan (sau y gi l Chi tit ca xch gin khoan) phi tha mn quy nh
3.2 hoc cc Tiu chun tng ng khc.
3.2.2 Quy nh chung
1 Xch gin khoan phi c hn bng phng php hn gip mp nng chy thnh nhng
ng di lin tc v phi c nhit luyn lin tc trong l luyn.
2 Mt ni thng c th c dng thay th cho cc mt xch khng t yu cu khi th
v kim tra theo quy nh 3.2. Nhng s lng mt xch thng thay th ti a trong mt
ng xch di 100 m ch cho php n ba mt.
3 Mc d c quy nh -2 trn, cho php s dng ma n ni thay th cc mt xch b
hng khng tha mn yu cu kim tra 3.2. Trong trng hp ny, s lng v kiu ma
n ni dng thay th phi c ng kim duyt.
3.2.3 Cc loi xch gin khoan
Xch gin khoan c phn thnh cc loi sau y:
- Xch gin khoan cp R3
- Xch gin khoan cp R3S
- Xch gin khoan cp R4
3.2.4 Vt liu
1 Vt liu dng ch to xch gin khoan ly theo quy nh Bng 7B/3.7 phi ph hp
vi tng cp xch v quy trnh ch to chng.
2 Vt liu dng ch to ngng ca xch gin khoan phi l loi thp c hm lng cc
bon nhn chung nh hn 0,25%, nu ngng c hn. Ngoi ra, ngng c th c ch
to t nhng thanh thp trn tng ng vi thp ch to xch gin khoan hoc cc loi
thp khc tng ng c ng kim chp nhn.
3 Vt liu dng ch to cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan phi l nhng vt liu c quy
nh Bng 7B/3.8 ph hp vi mi loi chi tit.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
265
Bng 7B/3.7 Vt liu ch to xch gin khoan
Cp ca xch gin khoan Vt liu Cp ca vt liu
Xch gin khoan cp R3 Thp trn lm xch gin khoan cp R3 SBCR3
Xch gin khoan cp R3S Thp trn lm xch gin khoan cp R3S SBCR3S
Xch gin khoan cp R4 Thp trn lm xch gin khoan cp R4 SBCR4
Bng 7B/3.8 Vt liu ch to cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan
Quy trnh ch to
Cp ca xch
gin khoan
c Cp ca
vt liu
Rn Cp ca
vt liu
Xch cp R3 Thp c lm xch gin
khoan cp R3
SCCR3 Thp rn lm xch gin khoan cp
R3
SFCR3
Xch cp R3S Thp c lm xch gin
khoan cp R3S
SCCR3S Thp rn lm xch gin khoan cp
R3S
SFC3S
Xch cp R4 Thp c lm xch gin
khoan cp R4
SCCR4 Thp rn lm xch gin khoan cp
R4
SFCR4
1 Trc khi ch to xch gin khoan k c mt ni thng, Nh ch to phi nhn c s
chp thun ca ng kim v quy trnh sn xut m h a ra.
2 Vic hn ngng vo xch gin khoan, tr xch cp R4, phi tha mn quy nh t (1) n
(3) di y:
(1) C hai u ca ngng phi c lp kht vo xch, c gng khng c lp ngng
ln mi hn gip mp nng chy v mt u ngng phi c hn theo ton b chu vi
ca ngng. Khng c php hn c hai u ngng, tr nhng trng hp c bit
phi c ng kim chp nhn.
(2) Phi c gng m bo hn t th hn bng.
(3) Tt c cc cng vic hn xch gin khoan phi c thc hin trc khi tin hnh nhit
luyn ln cui.
3 Khng c hn ngng vo xch cp R4, tr khi c ng kim xt duyt ring.
4 Cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan phi c ch to bng phng php c hoc rn.
Trc khi ch to cc Nh sn xut phi nhn c s chp thun ca ng kim v quy
trnh ch to m h a ra.
5 Khi gia cng ma n kiu Ken-t, bn knh ln ti phn un phi t c t nht bng 3%
ng knh danh ngha.
6 Cc mt ni thng phi c thay th cho cc mt xch b hng mt tit xch gin
khoan m khng cn phi nhit luyn li c tit xch hoc dng phng php nhit luyn
khng lm nh hng n c tnh ca cc mt xch ln cn v nhit dng trong l
luyn khng c vt qu 250
o
C. Tuy nhin, c th p dng phng php khc thay th
cho phng php nu trn, nu c ng kim chp nhn.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
266
3.2.6 Nh ch to xch gin khoan
Cc Nh ch to xch v cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan phi c Giy chng nhn cho
php sn xut do ng kim cp.
3.2.7 Nhit luyn
1 Xch gin khoan phi c nhit luyn nh thng ha, thng ha v ram hoc ti v
ram trong l luyn lin tc. V nguyn tc, khng cho php nhit luyn c m mt.
2 Chi tit ca xch gin khoan phi c nhit luyn nh thng ha, thng ha v ram
hoc ti v ram.
3.2.8 Kch thc v hnh dng ca xch gin khoan
1 Kch thc v hnh dng tiu chun ca mi loi xch v cc chi tit ca xch c quy
nh trn Hnh 7B/3.1.
2 ng knh danh ngha ca xch gin khoan l ng knh o ti nh u ca mt xch
thng.
3 Mt xch v cc chi tit ca xch phi c dng ng nht v phi c phn un cong
xch lm vic c d dng.
1 Kch thc ca xch gin khoan phi c o t nht l 5% ca tng s mt xch sau khi
tin hnh th ko gin.
2 Dung sai cho php ca cc mt xch c quy nh t (1) n (5) di y:
(1) Dung sai m ti u xch ca mi cp xch gin khoan phi ph hp vi ng knh
danh ngha quy nh Bng 7B/3.4. Dung sai dng c th n 5% ng knh danh
ngha. Tuy nhin, din tch mt ct ngang ca u xch khng c c dung sai m.
(2) Dung sai cc phn khc vi u xch ca mi cp xch c n +5%, nhng khng
c c dung sai m.
(3) Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh (1) v (2) trn, dung sai ng knh cc
phn hn phi khng c m. Dung sai dng phi do ng kim quy nh.
(4) Dung sai ti v tr t ngng phi do ng kim quy nh.
(5) Dung sai cc kch thc cn li phi nm trong gii hn 2,5%.
3 Phi tin hnh o chiu di ca nm mt xch thng trong iu kin xch chu t nht t 5-
10% ti trng th ko gin ti thiu theo trnh t sau y:
(1) u tin o chiu di ca nm mt xch;
(2) o tip mt b nm mt xch khc, trong t nht c hai mt xch c ly t 5 mt
xch o trc ;
(3) Tip tc o theo tun t nh quy nh (2) trn ton b chiu di ca mt tit xch;
(4) C th khng cn o i vi cc mt xch hai u ca tit xch.
4 Dung sai ch to i vi nm mt xch c o theo trnh t -3 trn, phi tha mn cc
quy nh Bng 7B/3.9.
5 Nu sai s chiu di ca nm mt xch ny nh hn gi tr cho php th xch c th c
th ko vi ti trng th khng c vt qu 110% ti trng th ko gin nh nht theo
quy nh.
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6 Khi mt xch b h hng hoc khng t yu cu v dung sai quy nh -1 trn, phi thay
th cc mt xch hng bng mt ni thng hoc ma n ni vo ng v tr ca chng v
tin hnh th ko li vi ti trng th ko bng ti trng th quy nh sau khi th phi o
li kch thc ca mt ni hoc ma n ni va thay th.
7 t nht phi c mt chi tit trong s khng qu 25 chi tit (c cng kiu, cng kch thc v
cng bn danh ngha) phi c kim tra kch thc sau khi th ko gin. Dung sai
ch to phi t yu cu (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Dung sai ng knh cc chi tit ca xch cho php n +5% ng knh danh ngha.
Khng c c dung sai m;
(2) Tt c cc kch thc cn li phi nm trong gii hn 2,5%.
3.2.10 Khi lng
Khi lng ca xch gin khoan phi c xc nh sau khi th ko gin t yu cu v
phi ph hp vi khi lng quy nh Bng 7B/3.9, ty thuc vo mi cp xch.
Bng 7B/3.9 Ti trng th ko t, th ko gin, khi lng
v chiu di ca nm mt xch gin khoan
Cp xch gin khoan
Hng mc
Cp R3 Cp R3S Cp R4
Ti trng th ko gin (kN) 0,0148d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0180d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0216d
2
(44-0,08d)
Ti trng th ko t (kN) 0,0223d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0249d
2
(44-0,08d) 0,0274d
2
(44-0,08d)
Khi lng ca xch gin khoan (kg/m) 0,0219d
2

Chiu di 5 mt xch (mm) Nh nht 22d ln nht 22,55d
3.2.11 Th ko t
1 Th ko t xch gin khoan phi c tin hnh sau khi kt thc nhit luyn theo cc
bc di y:
(1) Mt mu th ko t phi gm t nht ba mt xch c ly hoc t xch gin khoan
hoc t xch c ch to trong cng mt lc c cng mt quy trnh nh ch to xch
gin khoan;
(2) S lng mu th ko t phi c xc nh theo chiu di ca ng xch. S mu
th ko t phi c ly theo quy nh Bng 7B/3.10, ph thuc vo ng knh
danh ngha ca xch m mi m c i din.
(3) Mi mu th phi c kh nng chu c ti trng th ko t quy nh Bng 7B/3.9
trong thi gian 30 giy m khng b t.
(4) Nu kh nng ca my th ko t khng th t n ti trng th quy nh Bng
7B/3.9 th c th thay bng phng php th khc, nu c ng kim duyt.
(5) Nu th ko t khng t, phi tin hnh kim tra t m xc nh nguyn nhn dn
n kt qu .
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268
(6) Khi th ko t khng t, phi tin hnh th tip thm hai mu th khc c ly
trong tit xch va ly mu th. Nu kt qu th li ca hai mu t yu cu th tit
xch ny c th c chp nhn, vi iu kin xem xt n nguyn nhn (5).
(7) Nu mt trong hai hoc c hai mu th li u khng t yu cu, phi tin hnh xc
nh nguyn nhn nh a ra (5) v (6) v tit xch ny phi b loi b. Nu pht
hin trong tit xch c cc mt xch b hng th phi thay cc mt b hng ny bng mt
ni thng hoc ma n ni vo ng v tr thay th, sau tin hnh th ko t li.
Nu kt qu th li t yu cu, c th chp nhn tit xch ny.
2 Th ko t i vi cc chi tit v mt ni thng ca xch gin khoan phi c tin
hnh khi kt thc nhit luyn theo trnh t di y:
(1) i vi cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan, phi c thc hin th ko t t nht theo
hai mc quy nh di y. Tuy nhin, i vi mt ni thng v cc chi tit c
ch to n chic hoc cc chi tit ch to vi s lng t, mc yu cu th ko
t, trong tng trng hp c th phi c ng kim xem xt v quyt nh.
(a) Mt chi tit th phi c ly t cng mt l c c s lng chi tit cng loi
cng kch c khng qu 25, v c nhit luyn trong cng l luyn.
(b) Mt chi tit phi c ly t cng mt l c.
(2) Ty thuc vo loi xch v kch c ca xch, mu th ca cc chi tit xch gin khoan
v mt ni thng phi c kh nng chu c ti trng th ko t quy nh trong
khong 30 giy m khng c t.
(3) Khi th ko t khng t yu cu th phi ly hai mu th khc cng mt l va ly
mu th th li theo quy nh (1). Khi th li vn khng t yu cu th phi hy
b ton b cuc th ny.
(4) Chi tit ca xch v mt ni thng qua th ko t ni chung khng c php
a vo s dng tip. Tuy nhin, nu chi tit c tng kch thc hoc s dng vt
liu c bn cao hn th chng c th c php a vo s dng, tu theo s ch
dn ca ng kim.
3.2.12 Th ko gin
1 Phi tin hnh th ko gin ton b cc tit xch gin khoan sau khi kt thc nhit
luyn, theo trnh t sau y:
(1) Xch gin khoan phi chu c ti trng th ko gin quy nh Bng 7B/3.9 m
khng b nt, t hoc c khuyt tt no khc.
(2) Khng ph thuc vo nhng quy nh (1) trn, khi s dng phng php ko cng
n hi t ngng, ti trng th ko gin khng c ln hn ti trng th quy
nh trong quy trnh ch to xch.
(3) Nu trong qu trnh th ko gin, mt mt xch b hng, phi tin hnh kim tra tra h
s ch to tht t m xc nh nguyn nhn h hng. Nu tm ra nguyn nhn h
hng, nhng khng tm thy c h hng cc tit xch khc th c th chp nhn tit
xch ny, vi iu kin phi loi b mt xch b hng.
(4) Trong trng hp th ko gin, c hai mt xch tr ln trong cng mt tit xch b hng
th phi loi b tit xch ny. Vic kim tra v th li phi c tin hnh theo yu cu
t (a) n (c) di y, nu t yu cu th tit xch ny c th c chp nhn.
(a) Phi tin hnh kim tra t m theo h s ch to xc nh nguyn nhn h hng
v nu thy cn thit ng kim c th yu cu th li.
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(b) Khi a mu vo th ko t li mu th phi c ly mt bn ca mt xch b
hng theo quy nh 3.2.11-1(1).
(c) Cc mt xch b hng c th c ct ra v thay bng cc mt ni thng hoc m
n ni, sau phi c tin hnh th li.
2 Tt c cc loi chi tit v mt ni thng phi c th ko gin theo ti trng quy nh
Bng 7B/3.9 ph hp vi cp v ng knh ca xch m khng b nt, t hoc c khuyt
tt no khc. Cuc th ny c th tin hnh ng thi vi th ko gin xch hoc th cng
vi xch gin khoan bt k c cng ng knh m chng c ni.
Bng 7B/3.10 S lng mu th ko t
ng knh danh ngha
ca xch gin khoan d
(mm)
Chiu di ln nht
ly mt mu
th (m)
ng knh danh ngha ca
xch gin khoan d (mm)
Chiu di ln nht
ly mt mu th
(m)
d 48 91 111 d 124 222
48 <d 60 110 124 d 137 250
60 <d 73 131 137 d 149 274
73 <d 85 152 149 d 162 297
85 <d 98 175 162 d 175 322
98 <d 111 198 175 d 322
3.2.13 Th c tnh
1 Phi tin hnh th c tnh i vi xch gin khoan, sau khi kt thc nhit luyn theo
trnh t di y:
(1) Mt mu th ko v ba b mu th dai va p (gm chn mu) phi c ly t on
xch ly mu ln nht theo ng knh danh ngha ca xch quy nh Bng 7B/3.10. V
tr ly mu th cc phn mt xch ghi trn Hnh 7B/3.2 c quy nh nh sau:
(a) Mu th ko phi c ly phn i din vi mi hn nng chy;
(b) Mt b mu th va p (gm ba mu) c ly ngang qua mi hn c rnh kha
gia, mt b mu c ly theo chiu ngang pha khng hn v mt b c
ly t vng un ca xch.
(2) Quy trnh th v dng mu th phi ph hp vi yu cu quy nh Chng 2
Phn 7A;
(3) Tnh cht c hc ca xch phi tha mn quy nh Bng 7B/3.11.
(4) Nu kt qu th ko gin khng t yu cu th c th tin hnh th li bng hai mu
th khc c ly trong cng tit xch ly mu th. Nu c hai mu th ny t yu
cu th c th chp nhn tit xch ny.
(5) Khi kt qu th dai va p khng t yu cu, c th tin hnh th li ba b mu
khc tip theo (mi b gm ba mu) c ly t cng mt tit xch th. Kt qu th li
ny c cng vo kt qu th nhn c t ln th trc tnh gi tr trung bnh
mi. Nu kt qu th li v kt qu trung bnh mi tnh ca mu th dai va p u
tha mn quy nh Bng 7B/3.11 th c th chp nhn tit xch gin khoan ny.
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270
Bng 7B/3.11 Tnh cht c hc
Th ko Th dai va p
(1)

Cp ca xch
gin khoan
Gii hn chy
hoc gii hn chy
quy c
(2)

Gii hn
bn ko
(2)

gin
di
(L=5d)
co
tht
Nhit
th
Nng lng hp th
bnh qun (J )
(N/mm
2
) (N/mm
2
) (%) (%) (
o
C) Ngoi phn hn Phn hn
Cp R3 410 690 17 50 -20
(3)
40
(3)
30
(3)

Cp R3S 490 770 15 50 -20
(3)
45
(3)
33
(3)

Cp R4 580 860 12 50 -20 50 36
Ch thch:
(1) Khi gi tr nng lng hp th ca hai mu th tr ln trong b mu th t hn nng
lng hp th bnh qun nh nht hoc khi gi tr nng lng hp th ca mt mu th
duy nht nh hn 70% nng lng hp th bnh qun nh nht, th cuc th coi nh
khng t yu cu.
(2) T s gia gii hn chy trn gii hn bn ln nht l 0,92.
(3) Th va p xch gin khoan loi R3 v R3S c th c thc hin nhit 0
o
C nu
nh c ng kim chp nhn. Trong trng hp ny, nng lng hp th bnh qun
nh nht phi khng c nh hn gi tr cho di y:
Cp xch Ngoi phn hn Phn hn
(a) Xch gin khoan cp R3 60J 50J
(b) Xch gin khoan cp R3S 65J 53J
2 Th c tnh i vi cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan v mt ni thng c tin hnh sau
khi kt thc nhit luyn phi theo trnh t di y:
(1) Mt mu th ko v mt b mu th dai va p (gm ba mu) i vi chi tit ca
xch gin khoan v mt ni thng ly theo quy nh 3.2.11 -2(1) th c tnh,
phi tha mn nhng quy nh Bng 7B/3.11;
(2) Khi kt qu cc mu th quy nh (1) trn khng t yu cu, c th tin hnh th
thm hai mu th ko v hai b mu th dai va p khc. Cc mu ny c ly
trong cng mt l vi cc mu quy nh (1) trn. Kt qu th li ca cc mu th
ny c cng vo kt qu nhn c trong ln th trc tnh gi tr trung
bnh. Nu kt qu th li ca mt mu th ko v gi tr nng lng hp th trung
bnh va tnh ca cc mu th u khng t yu cu quy nh Bng 7B/3.11 th l
th i din ny phi b loi b.
1 Xch gin khoan v cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan khi a vo s dng phi khng c
c khuyt tt nh: cc l kh, vt nt, vt kha, vt ct, vy x v hn khng ngu.
2 Sau khi kt thc cuc th ko gin, tt c xch gin khoan phi c kim tra khng
ph hy theo quy nh (1) v (2) di y:
(1) Kim tra t tnh hoc kim tra thm thu mu
(a) Kim tra t tnh hoc kim tra thm thu mu phi c tin hnh i vi mi mt
xch khu vc mi hn gip mp, k c cc khu vc ni ghp bng khun kp;
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(b) t nht phi c 10% mi hn ngng trong mt tit xch gin khoan c kim tra t
tnh hoc kim tra thm thu mu. Nu ngng c lin kt vi xch bng phng
php hn m pht hin thy mi hn b nt hoc khng ngu th phi kim tra li
ton b cc mi hn ca tit xch ny.
(2) Kim tra siu m
Tt c cc mi hn gip mp nng chy phi c kim tra ngu bng phng
php kim tra siu m.

3 Cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan v cc mt ni thng sau khi kt thc th ko gin t
yu cu, phi c kim tra t tnh hoc thm thu mu nh gi cht lng ca xch.
1 Khi kim tra khng ph hy theo quy nh 3.2.14, nu pht hin xch c cc khuyt tt
nh th cc khuyt tt ny phi c sa cha bng my mi, nhng khng c mi su
qu 5% ng knh danh ngha ca xch, vic mi phi c chuyn tip dn dn trnh
to bc. Nu xch v cc chi tit ca xch c kch thc sau khi sa cha tha mn yu
cu v dung sai kch thc nh quy nh 3.2.9 th xch gin khoan v cc chi tit xch
c chp nhn.
2 Khi kim tra khng ph hy theo quy nh 3.2.14-2 pht hin thy khuyt tt nguy him
th phi ct b mt xch ny v thay bng mt ni thng hoc ma n ni, sau tin hnh
th li theo quy nh t 3.2.11 n 3.2.13. Nu kt qu th li t yu cu th xch v cc
chi tit ca xch gin khoan c th c chp nhn.
3.2.16 ng du
Khi xch v cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan qua th v kim tra t yu cu theo quy
nh 3.2 th s c ng kim ng du theo quy nh di y:
(1) V tr ng du
- Trn ngng v pha hai u ca mt tit xch gin khoan;
- Trn ngng v pha hai u ca mt ng xch gin khoan di khng qu 100m;
- Trn mt ni thng;
- Trn ngng cc mt xch thng lin vi mt ni thng hoc ma n ni;
Mu th ko
Mu th ko Mu th ko
r/3 r/3
Hnh 7B/3.2 V tr ly mu th trn cc mt xch gin khoan
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
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- Trn cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan.
(2) Cch ng du
- ng du ca ng kim;
- Cp xch v cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan (Th d: VR-R3, VR-3S v VR-R4);
- ng knh danh ngha v cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan;
- S ca Nh ch to.
3.2.17 Sn
Xch v cc chi tit ca xch gin khoan ch c sn sau khi kt thc cc cuc th v
kim tra t yu cu.
3.2.18 H s
Nh ch to phi lp h s ch to xch v cc chi tit ca xch, trong ghi r qu
trnh ch to, quy trnh th, cc yu cu kim tra xch v cc chi tit ca xch v kt
qu kim tra vo h s. H s ny phi lun v tr sn sng ng kim vin
xem xt khi c yu cu.
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CHNG 4 CP THP
4.1 Cp thp
4.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cp thp c dng lm dy li, dy chng buc ct hoc dy buc trn tu ngoi vic
tha mn nhng quy nh Chng 25 Phn 2A v Chng 21 Phn 2B ca Quy chun
ny (sau y, trong 4.1 gi l "cp thp"), cng phi tha mn nhng quy nh chng
ny hoc cc Tiu chun tng ng khc.
2 Nhng quy nh chng ny c p dng cho cp thp ch to t li si v t si dy
thp ring r c gii hn bn ko 1.500 N/mm
2
. Tuy nhin, cp thp c ch to t cc
si thp ring l khng thuc loi cp quy nh trn hoc cp thp c ch to t cc
li c lp c th c s dng, nu c ng kim xem xt c bit nhng yu cu c
lin quan n vic ch to chng.
4.1.2 Phn cp cp
1 Cp thp c phn thnh 7 cp, ph thuc vo thnh phn cu to quy nh Bng
7B/4.1. Vic phn cp c th c ch ra bi s ca cp hoc du hiu cu trc.
2 Cp thp cp 1 c dng chng buc c nh. Cp thp cp 3 c dng chng
buc c nh v di ng, cp thp cp 2, 4, 5, 6 v 21 c dng chng buc di ng.
Bng 7B/4.1 Cc loi cp thp
Cp No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.21
Tit din
ngang

S si thp 7 12 19 24 30 37 36
S tao 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
T
h
n
h

p
h
n

Li si

1 tm
1 tm v
nhiu tm
ca tao

1 tm
1 tm v
nhiu tm
ca tao
1 tm v
nhiu tm
ca tao

1 tm

1 tm
Du hiu
cu trc
(67) (612) (619) (624) (630) (637) (6WS(36))
1 Nhng dy cp thp ring l gm nhiu tao phi c lm bng nhng dy cp thp (cp
thp loi cng) ph hp vi TCVN tng ng hoc tng ng.
2 Nhng dy cp thp ring l phi khng c c im ni trn sut chiu di dy cp. Tuy
nhin, trong trng hp khng th trnh khi trong qu trnh ch to th chng c th ni
vi nhau bng phng php hn in, hn ng hoc bn li vi nhau, nhng ch c
ni mt v tr trn mi mt on tao c chiu di 10 m tr ln.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
274
3 Nhng dy cp thp phi c m hoc chut sau khi m. Nu khng c quy nh no
khc, sau khi m phi dng du c tch ht axit c hi hoc kim c nng cao
bo dng cp. Vic m phi thc hin mt cch c hiu qu v phi tha mn quy nh
ca ng kim.
4 Li cp v li ca cc tao phi c lm bng cc dy si c cht lng tt v phi c
bo qun du m. Du phi c tch ht axt c hi hoc kim c nng cao.
5 Nu dy cp thp c bn theo kiu "ch Z" th cp phi c tay tri v tao phi
t tay phi.
6 ng knh, xon, v.v... phi hon ton ng b trn sut chiu di ca cp thp.
4.1.4 ng knh cp thp v cc dy cp ring l
1 S khc nhau gia ng knh ln nht v ng knh nh nht ca dy cp thp ring l
bn thnh tao khng c vt qu gii hn quy nh Bng 7B/4.2.
2 ng knh ca cp thp l gi tr ng knh trung bnh ca vng trn ngoi tip o ti
hai hay nhiu im bt k trn ng cp , tr cc im o trong khu vc 1,5 m tnh t
hai u ca ng cp. Trong trng hp ny, dung sai ng knh cho php khi o cp
phi nm trong khong +7% - 0%.
4.1.5 Khi lng
Khi lng tiu chun ca cp thp c quy nh Bng 7B/4.3 theo cp v ng knh
ca cp.
4.1.6 Th ko t
Th ko t cp thp phi c thc hin ph hp vi quy nh (1) n (8) di y:
(1) Mt mu th phi c ly ra t mi cun cp thp;
(2) Khi cp thp c sn xut hng lot trn cng mt my t cng mt loi dy thp, nhng
c chia ra thnh nhiu cun th mt mu th c th c ly ra t mt cun bt k trong
cc cun v do ng kim la chn m khng cn n (1);
(3) Mu th phi c hai u, mt u c lng cn mt u c vut theo dng hnh
cn bng hp kim hoc c kp cht u bng cc phng php tng ng khc, sau
a mu th ny vo my th v ko t t cho n khi t;
(4) Khong cch hai m kp khng c nh hn 40 ln ng knh cp thp, nhng khng
yu cu ln hn 2 m;
(5) Mu th phi chu c ti trng th ko t quy nh Bng 7B/4.3, ph thuc vo cp
v ng knh ca cp;
(6) Nu mu th b ko t phn kp trc khi t n ti trng th ko t yu cu, th c
th ly thm mt mu th khc t nhng cun cp thp ny th li;
(7) Khi tin hnh th ko t cp theo quy nh (2) m khng tha mn quy nh Bng
7B/4.3, th cc cun cp ny phi b loi b. Sau ly tip hai mu th t hai cun cp
khc trong s cun cn li do ng kim chn a vo th tip. Nu c hai mu th
ny t yu cu th cc cun cp thp cn li c th c chp nhn. Nu mt trong hai
mu th hoc c hai mu th khng t yu cu th tt c cc cun cp thp cn li ny
u phi loi b;
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275
(8) Nu my th ko t khng kh nng chu c ti trng th quy nh Bng 7B/4.3
th c th thay bng cc phng php khc nu quy trnh th c ng kim chp nhn.
Bng 7B/4.2 S thay i cho php ca ng knh dy cp thp ring l
ng knh ca dy cp thp ring l
(mm)
Hiu s gia ng knh ln nht v nh nht (mm)
0,26 d <1,00
1,00 <d 2,30
2,30 <d 3,70
3,70 <d 4,50
0,06
0,09
0,12
0,14
4.1.7 Th dy cp thp ring l
1 Dy cp thp ring l phi c th theo chiu di tng on v phi tha mn cc quy
nh ca ng kim.
2 Khi dy cp thp c sn xut ti cng mt my, t cng mt loi dy thp, nhng c
chia thnh nhiu on th cuc th c th tin hnh trn mt on bt k no trong
cc on cp ny v phi do ng kim la chn.
Nu cuc th ca cc on ny t yu cu th c th min th i vi cc on cp khc
cn li.
3 Khi thc hin cuc th i vi cp thp ring l, phi ct mt on tao tng ng ra khi
cp thp v nh bung ra. S lng cp thp phi c ly t cc mu th trn theo
quy nh Bng 7B/4.4. Vic nn thng mu th phi c thc hin nhit trong
phng v bng phng php thch hp m khng lm hng mu th.
4 Dy cp thp ring l phi c tin hnh th theo cc yu cu di y:
(1) Th cun:
(a) Khi th cun, cc mu th phi c cun t nht l 8 vng xung quanh dy
cp c cng ng knh vi mu th. Khi cc vng dy cun ny c tho ra
th s mu th b hng khng c vt qu s lng quy nh Bng
7B/4.5 tr li tao.
(b) Nu cuc th khng t yu cu th phi chun b mu th mi theo s lng quy
nh v tin hnh th li. Trong trng hp ny, s mu th b t (k c s
lng cc mu th ln u) phi khng c vt qu s lng quy nh Bng
7B/4.5, tr li tao.
(2) Th xon:
(a) Khi th xon, cc mu th c chiu di bng 100 ln ng knh ca n th phi
c kp cht c hai u v sau mt u c xon cho n khi t. Cuc
th phi kt lun c rng vi s ln xon nh hn mt na ca s vng quy
nh Bng 7B/4.6 khng c mu no b t, tr li tao. S mu th b t c s
ln xon t hn s ln xon quy nh Bng trn phi khng c nhiu hn s
lng mu quy nh Bng 7B/4.5, tr li tao;
(b) Nu cuc th khng t yu cu, phi ly mu th mi theo s lng quy nh
th li. Tuy nhin, ch cn mt mu th bt k trong s cc mu th li b t vi
s ln xon nh hn mt na ca s ln xon quy nh th khng cho php th li.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
276
Cc cuc th li phi kt lun c rng khng c mt mu th no b t vi s
ln xon nh hn mt na s vng xon quy nh. S mu th b t (bao gm c
s lng cc mu th ln u b t) vi s ln xon t hn s ln xon quy nh
khng c vt qu s quy nh a ra Bng 7B/4.5, tr li tao;
(c) Khi mu th b t ti phn kp v kt qu th khng t yu cu th cho php
th li.
(3) Kim tra ng knh:
(a) ng knh ca dy cp ring l phi c kim tra ti cc cuc th khc. S
mu th khng t yu cu quy nh 4.1.4 -1 phi khng c ln hn s
lng quy nh Bng 7B/4.5, tr li tao;
(b) i vi cc mu th khng t yu cu khi th theo quy nh -1 trn, c th tin
hnh th thm cc mu th theo s lng quy nh. Trong trng hp ny, tng
s mu th khng t yu cu theo quy nh 4.1.4 -1 trong c hai ln th phi
khng c nhiu hn s lng quy nh Bng 7B/4.5.
4.1.8 Kim tra hnh dng bn ngoi v kim tra kch thc
Cp thp phi c kim tra hnh dng bn ngoi v kim tra kch thc v chng c kt
qu tha mn.
4.1.9 ng du
Cp thp qua cc cuc th v kim tra t yu cu, phi c kp ch v ng tn ca
n v ng kim thc hin kim tra, s th t cuc th v s hiu cp ca cp vo cc v
tr quy nh.

Bng 7B/ 4.3 Khi lng v ti trng th t ca cp thp
Cp No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.21
Du hiu
cu trc
(67) (612) (619) (624) (630) (637) (6WS(36))
ng knh
cp thp
(mm)
Ti trng
th ko
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
Ti trng
th ko
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
Ti trng
th ko
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
Ti trng
th th
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
Ti trng
th ko
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
Ti trng
th ko
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
Ti trng
th ko
t (kN)
Khi
lng/1m
(kg)
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
65
52,4
75,4
103
134
170
210
253
302
354
411
472
536
605
679
756
838
0,371
0,534
0,727
0,950
1,20
1,48
1,80
2,14
2,51
2,91
3,34
3,80
4,29
4,81
5,36
5,93
32,7
47,1
64,0
83,6
106
130
158
188
221
256
294
334
378
424
472
523
0,273
0,393
0,535
0,699
0,885
1,09
1,32
1,57
1,85
2,14
2,46
2,80
3,16
3,54
3,94
4,37
47,9
71,6
97,4
127
161
199
240
286
336
389
447
509
575
644
718
795
877
963
1050
1150
1250
0,364
0,524
0,713
0,932
1,18
1,46
1,77
2,10
2,47
2,85
3,28
3,73
4,21
4,72
5,26
5,82
6,42
7,05
7,70
8,39
9,10
45,5
65,5
89,1
117
147
181
221
262
308
357
410
466
526
589
657
728
802
881
963
1050
1150
1230
1320
1420
1530
1640
1750
1920
0,332
0,478
0,651
0,850
1,08
1,33
1,61
1,91
2,24
2,60
2,99
3,40
3,84
4,30
4,79
5,31
5,86
6,43
7,03
7,65
8,30
8,98
9,68
10,4
11,2
12,0
12,8
14,0
41,1
59,1
80,5
105
133
164
199
236
278
322
369
421
475
533
593
657
725
794
869
945
1020
1110
1200
1280
1380
1470
1580
1740
0,310
0,446
0,607
0,793
1,00
1,24
1,50
1,79
2,10
2,43
2,79
3,17
3,58
4,02
4,48
4,95
5,47
6,00
6,56
7,14
7,74
8,38
9,04
9,71
10,4
11,1
11,9
13,1
48,9
70,5
96,2
126
159
195
237
281
330
382
439
501
566
634
707
782
863
947
1040
1130
1230
1320
1420
1530
1650
1760
1880
2070
0,359
0,517
0,704
0,920
1,16
1,44
1,74
2,07
2,43
2,82
3,23
3,68
4,16
4,66
5,19
5,75
6,34
6,96
7,61
8,28
8,98
9,73
10,5
11,3
12,1
12,9
13,8
15,2
50,5
72,8
99,0
129
164
202
244
291
341
396
454
517
583
654
730
808
890
978
1070
1140
1260
1360
1470
1590
1700
1810
1940
2140
0,396
0,570
0,776
1,01
1,28
1,58
1,92
2,28
2,68
3,10
3,56
4,06
4,58
5,13
5,72
6,34
6,99
7,67
8,38
9,12
9,90
10,7
11,5
12,4
13,3
14,3
15,2
16,7

2
7
7

Q
C
V
N

2
1
:

2
0
1
0
/
B
G
T
V

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
278
Bng 7B/4.4 S mu th i vi dy cp ring l
Cp Du hiu cu trc S lng mu th
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4
No.5
No.6
No21
(67)
(612)
(619)
(624)
(630)
(637)
(6WS (36))
6
12
18
12
15
18
35
Bng 7B/4.5 S lng cho php mu th b hng khi th dy cp ring l
S lng mu th
Cp Du hiu cu trc
Th ln th nht Th li
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4
No.5
No.6
No21
(67)
(612)
(619)
(624)
(630)
(637)
(6WS (36))
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
4
3
4
4
9
Bng 7B/4.6 S ln xon khi th xon
ng knh ca cp ring l (mm) S ln xon
0,26 d 1,00
1,00 d 2,30
2,30 d 3,70
3,70 d 4,50
21
20
18
17
Ch thch:
(1) Cc s liu trong bng dng cho th vi tc xon 60 (v/ph).
(2) Nu phi thay i khong cch ca u kp xon th s ln xon s c tng ln
hoc gim xung theo t l thun vi khong cch ca cc u kp.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
279
CHNG 5 CP SI
5.1 Cp si
5.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Cp si gai v cp si tng hp dng lm dy buc s dng trn tu, ngoi vic tha mn
nhng quy nh Chng 25, Phn 2A v Chng 21, Phn 2B ca Quy chun ny (sau
y, trong 5.1 gi l Cp si), cng phi tha mn nhng quy nh chng ny.
2 Cc si th v cp si th c c tnh khc vi c tnh ca cp quy nh trong chng
ny, phi tha mn nhng quy nh 1.1.1 -2.
5.1.2 Phn cp cp si
Cp si c phn thnh 9 cp sau y:
Cp ca cp si Vt liu
Cp si gai Si gai Manila
Cp 1
Cp si vinylon
Cp 2
Si Vinilon
Cp 1
Cp si Polethylene
Cp 2
Si Polyethylene
Cp si Polyester Si Polyester
Cp 1
Cp si Polypropylene
Cp 2
Si Polypropylene
C
p

s
i

t
n
g

h
p

Cp si Polyamide Si Polyamide
5.1.3 Quy trnh sn xut
1 Vt liu th c s dng lm cp si tng hp phi c ng kim duyt.
2 Cp si tng hp, tr cp si gai, quy nh trong chng ny phi c ch to ti cc
Nh my c quy trnh sn xut do ng kim duyt.
3 u ca cp si phi c ch to ng nht v phi c lm cng c kh nng neo
gi theo c trng s dng.
5.1.4 Vt liu
1 Cp si gai phi c ch to t cc si manila tinh khit khng c pha tp bt k loi
si no khc.
2 Cp si tng hp phi c ch to t cc si tinh khit khng c pha tp bt k loi
si no khc c ti to li.
5.1.5 Cu to ca cp si v nhng loi cp khc
1 Cu to ca cp si nhn chung phi gm 3 tao v cp si tng hp gm 3 hoc 8 tao.
2 Cu to ca cp 3 tao nhn chung phi c to thnh t cc tao bn li vi nhau c mt
lp hng Z. Bn thn cc tao ny c ch to c mt lp hng S. Cp 8 tao c to
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
280
thnh t bn cp tao. Cc cp ny to thnh lp k tip nhau t hai tao bn theo hng S
v sau gm hai tao bn theo hng Z.
3 S lng si ca mt tao phi bng nhau. Kch thc v cch t si ca tao trong cp
si phi ng nht trn sut chiu di ca dy cp.
4 Nhn chung, u ra ca tao nh hn 3,2 ln ng knh danh ngha - i vi cp 3 tao v
nh hn 3,5 ln ng knh danh ngha - i vi cp 8 tao.
5 Cp Polyamide phi c x l nhit trong l cm ng hoc cc l x l khc xp lp
v gi n nh kch thc. Cp si vinylon v si polypropylene c th phi c x l
nhit mt cch tng ng, nu thy cn thit.
6 Cp si tng hp c th c x l bng nha ng v nhum mu, nu c ng
kim chp thun.
7 Du c cht lng cao c php s dng trong vic ch to cp si. Cp si khng
c cha qu nhiu du.
5.1.6 ng knh
ng knh ca cp si phi c o vng theo chu vi ca dy cp khi ko dy vi ti
trng bng 5% ti trng th ko t quy nh. Dung sai ng knh ca cp phi nm
trong khong 3% ng knh danh ngha.
5.1.7 Th ko t
Cp si phi c th ko t ph hp vi quy nh t (1) n (7) di y:
(1) Mt mu th phi c ly t mi cun cp si;
(2) Khi cp si c ch to hng lot trn cng mt my vi cng mt kiu si v c
chia thnh nhiu cun th ngoi nhng quy nh (1), mi mu th c th c ly t
mt cun cp bt k trong s cc cun cp ny do ng kim chn lc;
(3) Chiu di ca mu th khng c nh hn 30 ln ng knh ca cp ly mu,
nhng khng yu cu ln hn 1m;
(4) i vi cp Polyethylene v cp polypropylene, cc mu th phi chu c th ko
t trong iu kin m t ngay sau khi c nhng chm trong nc m nhit
35
o
C 2
o
C, trong thi gian hn 30 pht. i vi cp si khc vi loi cp nu trn
th cc mu th phi c qua th ko t trong iu kin kh;
(5) Ti trng th ko t khng c nh hn tr s quy nh Bng 7B/5.1;
(6) Nu mu th ko t c thc hin ph hp vi nhng quy nh (2), nhng khng
tha mn quy nh Bng 7B/ 5.1 th cun cp ly mu th phi c loi b. Sau
ly hai mu khc t 2 cun bt k cn li do ng kim chn th li v phi c
th ko t theo quy nh (3) v (4). Nu c hai mu th ny u t yu cu th
cc cun cn li c th c chp nhn.
Nu mt hoc c hai mu th ny khng t yu cu th cc cun cp cn li trong s
ny cng b loi b;
(7) Nu my th khng kh nng chu c ti trng th quy nh Bng 7B/5.1
th c th thay bng cc phng php th khc, nu quy trnh th c ng kim
chp thun.

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
281
5.1.8 Kim tra hnh dng bn ngoi v kim tra kch thc
Cp si phi c kim tra hnh dng bn ngoi v kim tra kch thc vi kt qu
tha mn.
Bng 7B/5.1 Ti trng th ko t ca cp si (kN)
Cp si tng hp
Vinylon
(1)
Polyethylene
(2)
Polypropylene
(2)

ng
knh cp
(mm)
Cp
si
gai
(1)

Cp1 Cp 2 Cp 1 Cp 2
Polyester
(1)

Cp 1 Cp 2
Polyamide
(1)

10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
7,06
9,90
13,1
16,9
21,0
25,6
30,5
35,9
41,6
47,8
54,3
61,2
72,3
95,4
119
144
173
203
235
271
307
346
387
431
477
525
9,32
13,4
17,9
22,9
28,6
34,8
41,6
48,8
56,7
65,1
74,0
83,5
99,0
127
157
191
228
269
312
358
407
459
514
571
632
694
15,7
21,8
28,4
36,3
45,1
54,9
65,7
77,5
89,2
103
117
131
155
198
247
300
358
421
487
559
635
716
801
895
981
1080
9,71
13,9
18,6
23,8
29,7
36,1
43,1
50,7
58,8
67,5
76,8
86,5
102
131
163
198
237
279
324
371
422
476
533
592
655
721
12,7
17,7
23,5
29,4
37,3
44,1
54,9
63,7
73,5
83,4
97,1
108
127
164
203
250
294
348
402
461
525
593
667
735
814
897
15,6
22,0
29,2
37,5
46,7
56,8
67,8
79,6
92,4
106
121
136
161
206
260
312
373
438
508
583
663
747
837
931
1030
1140
10,8
15,7
20,6
26,5
32,4
39,2
47,1
54,9
63,7
73,5
83,4
94,1
111
142
177
214
255
300
348
399
453
511
572
635
702
772
12,7
17,7
23,5
29,4
37,3
44,1
54,9
63,7
73,5
83,4
97,1
108
127
164
203
250
294
348
402
461
525
593
667
735
814
897
18,1
27,5
36,6
46,9
58,3
70,9
84,6
100
116
132
151
170
201
258
321
390
466
547
635
729
829
935
1050
1170
1280
1410
Ch thch:
(1) Ti trng th ko t iu kin kh ro trong nhit phng;
(2) Ti trng th ko t nhit phng sau khi c ngm trong nc m nhit
35 2
o
C trong khong thi gian trn 30 pht.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
282
5.1.9 ng du
Sau khi th v kim tra t yu cu theo quy nh 5.1.7 v 5.1.8, cp si phi c
kp ch, ng s th v ng nhn hiu ca ng kim ch r s ph hp ca chng
vi Quy phm. Mc phi ng ln cc v tr thch hp, trong ghi r ng knh, khi
lng, cp ca cp, chiu di ca cun cp, s ch to v Nh ch to.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
283
CHNG 6 BT CHE KHOANG HNG

6.1 Bt che khoang hng
6.1.1 Phm vi p dng
1 Bt che khoang hng dng trang b trn cc tu, ngoi vic tha mn nhng quy nh
Chng 18, Phn 2A v Chng 17, Phn 2B ca Quy chun ny, cng phi tha mn
nhng quy nh chng ny hoc cc Tiu chun khc tng ng. Tuy nhin, ng
kim khng yu cu duyt quy trnh ch to v kim tra sn phm.
6.1.2 Phn loi bt che khoang hng
Bt che khoang hng c phn thnh cc cp sau:
- Bt cp A (mc TA)
- Bt cp B (mc TB)
6.1.3 Vt liu
Bt che khoang hng phi c ch to t vi si lanh, si bng c cht lng tt hoc
si tng hp c cht lng tng ng hoc tt hn.
6.1.4 May bt
Bt phi c may thnh tng tm, cc mp vi bt phi c t chng mp ln nhau.
Ch dng may bt v phng php may thnh tng tm bt phi tha mn nhng yu
cu do ng kim quy nh.
6.1.5 Khi lng
Khi lng vi dng may bt che khoang hng, trc khi x l chng thm nc khng
c nh hn gi tr quy nh trong Bng 7B/6.1.
Bng 7B/6.1 Khi lng ca bt che khoang hng
Khi lng/m
2
(g/m
2
)
Vt liu
Bt cp A Bt cp B
Vi si lanh v si bng 650 490
Si tng hp 400 300
Ch thch:
Nu dng mi cht chng thm nc khng phi l nha ng s dng cho vi si lanh v
vi si bng, th khi lng ti thiu ca vi c th gim n 85% so vi khi lng trn, ty
thuc vo c tnh ca tng loi mi cht.
6.1.6 Th ko gin
bn ca vi dng may bt trc khi x l chng thm nc khng c nh hn gi tr
quy nh trong Bng 7B/6.2, vi mu th c kch thc: chiu rng bng 30 mm v chiu
di bng 200 mm.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
284
Bng 7B/6.2 bn ko ca bt che khoang hng
bn ko (N)
Vt liu
Bt cp A Bt cp B
Vi si lanh v si bng 785 590
Si tng hp 1470 1176
Ch thch:
Nu dng mi cht chng thm nc khng phi l nha ng s dng cho vi si lanh v
vi si bng, th bn ko ti thiu ca vi c th gim n 85% so vi quy nh trong bng
trn, ty thuc vo c tnh ca tng loi mi cht.
6.1.7 X l khng thm nc
1 Mi cht khng thm nc phi c lm t nha ng, m hoc cc ha cht
tng t khc.
2 Bt che khoang hng phi c th khng thm nc. Cc cuc th ny phi c ng
kim kim tra xem xt.
3 Mi cht khng thm nc c dng cho cc loi bt phi c chng t l khng b
bm dnh, khng b rn nt hoc c cc khuyt tt khc trn b mt ca n khi cun
nhit -30
o
C v -60
o
C.
6.1.8 ng du
Sau khi th v kim tra t yu cu, bt che hng phi c ng cc du tng ng
ca ng kim, trong ghi r tn n v ng kim kim tra, tn nh ch to, loi bt
v s th.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
285

CHNG 7 CA HP L

7.1 Ca hp l
7.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Ca hp l dng lp trn tu ngoi vic tha mn nhng quy nh 21.4 Phn 2A v 19.4
Phn 2B ca Quy chun ny, cng phi tha mn nhng quy nh chng ny hoc cc
Tiu chun khc tng ng.
7.1.2 Phn loi ca
Ca hp l c phn thnh 3 cp sau:
- Ca cp A (mc QA)
- Ca cp B (mc QB)
- Ca cp C (mc QC)
Ty thuc vo kiu ca gi knh, ca hp l c phn thnh ca kiu c nh v ca
kiu bn l, v ty thuc vo cch phng php g lp, ca hp h c phn thnh
ca kiu bt bulng v ca kiu hn.
7.1.3 Kt cu v kch thc
Din tch vng m ca hp l khng c ln hn 0,16 m
2
. Kt cu v kch thc cc
phn chnh ca ca hp l phi ph hp vi nhng yu cu t (1) n (4) v cc Bng
7B/7.1, Bng 7B/7.2 v 7B/7.3 di y, ty thuc vo ng knh danh ngha v cp ca
ca hp l, kt cu v kch thc ca cc phn khc do ng kim quyt nh:
(1) p sut cho php ln nht
p sut cho php ln nht i vi ca hp l phi ph hp vi cc yu cu a ra
trong Bng 7B/7.1, Bng 7B/7.2 v 7B/7.3.
(2) M ca hp l
(a) Vt liu m
Phi x dng vt liu m ph hp chng li nc bin v nh sng ca tia
cc tm.
(b) Lp t
Knh ca ca hp l phi c t ti tm gi knh ca ca hp l loi m
hoc ti khung chnh ca ca hp l loi khng m sao cho t c khe h u
xung quanh.
(3) Kp cht (c cu ng v bn l)
a) Mt s lng ti thiu cc chi tit kp bao gm c cu ng v bn l c l trn
i vi gi knh v ca nh sng cp A, B v C phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
a ra trong Bng 7B/7.1, Bng 7B/7.2 v 7B/7.3.
b) Ton b cc chi tit kp v kt cu ca chng phi m bo sao cho ca hp l
p ng cc yu cu v bn v kn nc quy nh trong mc 7.1.5.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
286
c) Nu l lp bn l ca gi knh v ca nh sng l hnh van, th bn l
khng c coi l chi tit kp.
(4) Giong s dng cho gi knh v ca nh sng
(a) Phi s dng cc loi giong theo tiu chun QCVN hoc theo tiu chun tng
ng m bo kn nc gia gi knh v khung chnh, v cng m
bo kn gia ca nh sng v gi knh.
(b) Giong phi c lp cn thn vo rnh vi vic s dng loi keo dnh ph hp.
Bng 7B/7.1 Ca hp l cp A
ng knh danh ngha ca ca hp l (mm)
200 250 300 350 400
p sut cho php ln nht (kPa)
328 302 328 241 297
Chiu dy knh (mm)
10 12 15 15 19
Chiu dy ca cc knh m khi mt m quay
vo pha trong (mm)
15 19 - - -
Gi knh
2 3 3 3 3
S lng ti thiu chi tit kp
Ca nh sng
2 2 3 3 3
Bng 7B/7.2 Ca hp l cp B
200 250 300 350 400 450
210 134 146 154 118 146
Chiu dy knh (mm)
8 8 10 12 12 15
Chiu dy ca cc knh m khi mt m
quay vo pha trong (mm)
12 12 15 19 19 -
Gi knh
2 3 3 3 3 3
S lng ti thiu chi
tit kp
Ca nh sng
2 2 2 3 3 3
7.1.4 Vt liu
1 Khung chnh, gi knh, vng kp knh v ca nh sng
Vt liu s dng ch to cc phn chnh ca ca hp l (khung chnh, gi knh,
vng kp knh v ca nh sng) phi tun theo cc yu cu quy nh trong Bng 7B/7.4.
Cc vt liu ny phi c cc c tnh sau:
(1) Chng n mn;
(2) Tnh cht c hc yu cu nh quy nh trong Bng 7B/7.5 (i vi vt liu dng lm
khung ca hp l, gi lp knh, vng kp knh v ca nh sng th mi m c phi
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
287
c ly mt mu th ko. Nu mt m c c s lng vt c nhiu hn 50 th c
mi nhm 50 vt c v phn d ca s 50 vt c y phi ly mt mu th).
Bng 7B/7.3 Ca hp l cp C
200 250 300 350 400 450
118 75 93 68 82 65
Chiu dy knh (mm)
6 6 8 8 10 10
Chiu dy ca cc knh m khi mt m
quay vo pha trong (mm)
10 10 12 12 15 15
S lng ti thiu chi tit
kp
Gi knh
2 2 3 3 3 3
2 C cu ng
Vt liu s dng cho c cu ng ca ca hp l (bulng tai hng, cht v cu) phi c
cc c tnh t (1) n (3) di y. i vi ca hp l ch to bng hp kim nhm,
bulng tai hng v cht bn l phi c ch to bng thp khng b n mn, thp khng
g hoc hp kim m khng gy ra s n mn ca ca hp l, bulng hoc cht bn l:
(1) Chng n mn;
(2) Khng nh hng n s chng n mn ca cc phn khc;
(3) Tnh cht c hc yu cu nh quy nh trong Bng 7B/7.6. (Mi m c phi c ly
mt mu th ko. Nu mt m c c s lng vt c nhiu hn 50 th c mi nhm
50 vt c v phn d ca s 50 vt c y phi ly mt mu th).
3 Knh
Phi s dng knh c dai (toughned safety glass panes) theo QCVN hoc knh c cht
lng tng ng. i vi knh chng chy, phi s dng knh theo QCVN hoc knh c
cht lng tng ng.
4 Ca hp l phi c m, nu s dng vt liu thp hoc gang.
7.1.5 Th kim tra
1 Th kn nc
Ca hp l phi c th thy lc vi p xut th quy nh trong Bng 7B/7.7. Vic
th thy lc phi do nh ch to thc hin trc khi xut xng theo phng php
th xc sut (s lng th ly xp x bng 10% s ca hp l ca mi l, nhng
khng c t hn 2) vi vic lp knh v m ca nh sng, v khng lp knh v
ng ca nh sng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
288
Bng 7B/7.4 Cc loi vt liu dng ch to ca hp l
Vt liu
Loi ca
hp l
Phng php g
lp ca hp l
Khung chnh
Gi knh/ hoc
vng kp knh
Ca nh sng
Bt bulng
Hp kim ng
(1)

Gang hoc st
(2)

Ca cp A
Hn Thp thng
Hp kim ng
Gang hoc st
(2)

Hp kim ng(1)
Gang hoc st
(2)

Bt bulng
Hp kim nhm
(3)

Thp thng
Hp kim ng
Gang hoc st
(2)

Hp kim nhm
Ca cp B
Hn
Hp kim nhm
(4)
Hp kim nhm
(3)

Hp kim ng
(1)

Bt bulng
Hp kim nhm
(3)

Thp thng Hp kim ng
Hp kim nhm
Ca cp C
Hn
Hp kim nhm
(3)
Hp kim nhm
(3)

Ch thch:
(1) S dng ng thau (c hoc rn) hoc hp kim c sng l tu chn;
(2) S dng gang (gang c grapht mt cu) hoc thp (thp thng hoc thp c) l tu
chn;
(3) S dng hp kim c hoc hp kim rn l tu chn;
(4) S dng hp kim nhm tm hoc hp kim nhm hnh l tu chn.
Bng 7B/7.5 Gii hn bn ko v dn di ca cc phn chnh
Loi ca hp l Gii hn bn ko (N/mm
2
) dn di (%)
Ca cp A 300 15
Ca cp B 180 10
Ca cp C 140 3
2 Th bn
(1) Phi thc hin th bn cho mi l ca hp l. Mt ca hp l mu khng lp knh v
ca nh sng c ng phi c th bn bng phng php s dng mi t vi
p sut th quy nh trong Bng 7B/7.8.
(2) Mi t phi c t ln pha ca nh sng c th tip xc vi sng bin. C th
t mt tm thp trn c chiu dy 10 mm v ng knh 100 mm gia mi t v
ca nh sng.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
289
(3) Khi c th vi p lc a ra trong Bng 7B/7.8, s bin dng vnh cu ca ca
nh sng khng c vt qu 1% kch thc danh ngha ca ca hp l.
3 Th chng chy
Phi thc hin th chng chy cho mi l ca hp l.
7.1.6 Min th
Cc cuc th vt liu nh quy nh trong 7.1.4 v th la nh ch dn 7.1.5-3 i vi
ca hp l c th c min gim, nu chng c cc Giy chng nhn thch hp c
ng kim chp nhn.
7.1.7 ng du
Cc ca hp l qua th v kim tra t yu cu phi c ng du ca ng kim, s
th v cp phi c ng vo cc v tr ph hp ca ca hp l.
Bng 7B/7.6 Gii hn bn ko v gin di i vi c cu ng
Bulng tai hng v cht bn l cu
Loi ca
hp l Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%) Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di (%)
Ca cp A 350 20 250 14
Ca cp B 350 15 250 14
Ca cp C 250 14 180 8
Bng 7B/7.7 p sut th kn nuc
p sut th (kPa)
Loi ca hp l
Ca lp knh v m ca
nh sng
Ca khng lp knh
v ng ca nh sng
Ca cp A 150 100
Ca cp B 75 50
Ca cp C 35 -
Bng 7B/7.8 p sut th bn
Loi ca hp l p sut th (kPa)
Ca cp A 240
Ca cp B 120

QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
290

CHNG 8 CA S HNH CH NHT

8.1 Ca s hnh ch nht
8.1.1 Phm vi p dng
Ca s hnh ch nht dng lp trn tu ngoi vic tha mn nhng quy nh 21.4 Phn
2A v 19.4 Phn 2B ca Quy chun ny, cng phi tha mn nhng quy nh chng
ny hoc cc Tiu chun khc tng ng.
8.1.2 Phn loi ca
Ca s hnh ch nht c phn thnh 2 cp sau:
- Ca cp E (mc QE)
- Ca cp F (mc QF)
Ty thuc vo kiu ca gi knh, ca s hnh ch nht c phn thnh ca kiu c nh
v ca kiu bn l, v ty thuc vo phng php g lp, ca s hnh ch nht c
phn thnh ca kiu bt bu lng v ca kiu hn.
8.1.3 Kt cu v kch thc
Kt cu v kch thc phn chnh ca ca s hnh ch nht phi ph hp vi nhng yu
cu t (1) n (5) v cc Bng 7B/8.1v 7B/8.2 di y, ty thuc vo kch thc danh
ngha v cp ca s hnh ch nht, kt cu v kch thc ca cc phn khc do ng
kim quyt nh:
(1) p sut cho php ln nht
p sut cho php ln nht i vi ca s hnh ch nht phi ph hp vi cc yu cu
a ra trong Bng 7B/8.1 v 7B/8.2. Nu mt trong hai kch thc hoc c hai kch
thc (chiu rng v chiu cao) ca ca khc vi cc gi tr a ra trong Bng 7B/8.1
v 7B/8.2, th p sut cho php ln nht (p) c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
p =
2
2
40000t
(kPa)
b

Trong :
t : Chiu dy knh (mm);
: H s ph thuc vo t s kch thc ca ca s theo Hnh 7B/8.1;
B : Kch thc ph ca ca s hnh ch nht (mm).
(2) M ca hp l
a) Vt liu m
Phi s dng vt liu m ph hp chng li nc bin v nh sng ca tia
cc tm.
(b) Lp t
Knh ca ca hp l phi c t ti tm gi knh ca ca s hnh ch nht
loi m hoc ti khung chnh ca ca s hnh ch nht loi khng m sao cho t
c khe h u xung quanh.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
291
(3) Kp cht (c cu ng kn v bn l)
(a) Mt s lng ti thiu cc chi tit kp bao gm c cu ng v bn l c l trn
i vi gi knh v ca s hnh ch nht cp E v F phi ph hp vi cc yu
cu a ra trong Bng 7B/8.1 v Bng 7B/8.2.
(b) Ton b cc chi tit kp v kt cu ca chng phi m bo sao cho ca s hnh
ch nht p ng cc yu cu v bn v kn nc quy nh trong mc
8.1.5.
(c) Nu l lp bn l ca gi knh v ca nh sng l hnh van, th bn l
khng c coi l chi tit kp.
(4) Giong s dng cho gi knh v ca nh sng
(a) Phi s dng cc loi giong theo tiu chun QCVN m bo kn nc
gia gi knh v khung chnh.
(b) Giong phi c lp cn thn vo rnh bng vic s dng loi keo dnh ph hp.
(5) C cu c nh
Cc pha m ca ca s hnh ch nht phi c lp c cu c nh nh mc ci.
Bng 7B/8.1 Ca s hnh ch nht cp E
Kch thc danh ngha chiu rng (mm) x chiu cao (mm)
300 x 425 355 x 500 400 x 560 450 x 630 500 x
710
560 x 800 900 x 630 1000x710
p sut cho php ln
nht (kPa)
99 71 80 63 80 64 81 64
Chiu dy knh (mm) 10 10 12 12 15 15 19 19
Chiu dy ca knh
m khi mt m quay
vo trong (mm)
15 15 19 19 - - - -
S lng ti thiu chi
tit kp
4 4 4 4 6 6 6 8
8.1.4 Vt liu
1 Khung chnh, gi knh v khung kp knh
Vt liu s dng ch to cc phn chnh ca ca s hnh ch nht (khung chnh, gi
knh v khung kp knh) phi tun theo cc yu cu quy nh trong Bng 7B/8.3. Cc
vt liu ny phi c cc c tnh sau:
(1) Chng n mn.
(2) Tnh cht c hc yu cu nh quy nh trong Bng 7B/8.4 (Vt liu dng lm khung
ca, gi lp knh v khung kp knh th mi m c phi c ly mt mu th ko.
Nu mt m c c s lng vt c nhiu hn 50 th c mi nhm 50 vt c v
phn d ca s 50 vt c y phi ly mt mu th).
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
292
Bng 7B/8.2 Ca s hnh ch nht cp F
Kch thc danh ngha chiu rng (mm) x chiu cao (mm)
300x 425 355x 500 400x 560 450x 630 500x 710 560x 800 900x 630 1000x710 1100x800
p sut
cho php
ln nht
(kPa0029
63 45 36 28 36 28 32 25 31
Chiu dy
knh (mm)
8 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 15
Chiu dy
ca knh
m khi mt
m quay
vo trong
(mm)
12 12 12 12 15 15 19 19 -
S lng
ti thiu chi
tit kp
4 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8
2 C cu ng
Vt liu s dng cho c cu ng ca ca hnh vung (bu lng tai hng, cht v cu) phi
c cc c tnh t (1) n (3) di y. i vi ca ch to bng hp kim nhm, bulng
tai hng v cht bn l phi c ch to bng thp khng b n mn, thp khng g hoc
hp kim m khng gy ra s n mn ca ca s hnh vung, bulng hoc cht bn l:
(1) Chng n mn;
(2) Khng nh hng n s chng n mn ca cc phn khc;
(3) Tnh cht c hc yu cu nh quy nh trong Bng 7B/8.5. (Mi m c phi c ly
mt mu th ko. Nu mt m c c s lng vt c nhiu hn 50 th c mi nhm
50 vt c v phn d ca s 50 vt c y phi ly mt mu th. i vi nhm hnh,
mt mu th ko phi c ct ra t mi l. Nhm hnh c cng chiu dy, c ch
to t cng mt m v c nhit luyn ng thi th c coi l mt l. Nu s l t
mt m vt qu 50 th phi ct th b sung mt mu th ko t phn d ca 50
l y).
3 Knh
Phi s dng knh c dai (toughned safety glass panes) theo QCVN hoc knh c cht
lng tng ng. i vi knh chng chy, phi s dng knh theo QCVN hoc knh c
cht lng tng ng. i vi knh c nhit luyn, phi s dng knh theo QCVN
hoc knh c tiu chun tng ng.
4 Ca s hnh vung phi c m, nu s dng vt liu thp hoc gang.
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
293
Hnh 7B/8.1 ng cong xc nh h s (cn c trn t s kch thc ca)

8.1.5 Th kn nc v th bn
1 Th kn nc
Th thy lc phi do nh ch to thc hin trc khi xut xng theo phng php th
xc sut vi p sut th l 25 kPa (s lng ca phi th ly xp x bng 10% s ca s
hnh ch nht xut xng, nhng khng c t hn 1).
2 Th bn
Phi thc hin vic th bn cho mt mu ca s hnh ch nht bng phng php th
ph hp vi p sut th quy nh trong Bng 7B/8.6.
3 Th chng chy
Phi thc hin th chng chy cho mi mu ca s hnh ch nht.
4 Th i vi ca chu nhit
Phi thc hin th cch in i vi ca s hnh ch nht chu nhit
8.1.6 Min th
Cc cuc th quy nh i vi vt liu ch to ca s hnh ch nht c th c min
gim, nu chng c cc Giy chng nhn thch hp c ng kim chp nhn.
8.1.7 ng du
Cc ca s hnh ch nht qua th v kim tra t yu cu phi c ng du ca
ng kim, s th v cp phi c ng vo cc v tr ph hp ca ca s hnh ch
nht.
0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
5 4 3 2 1 0

Kch thc ln
H s kch thc =
Kch thc nh
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
294

Bng 7B/8.3 Cc loi vt liu s dng ch to ca s hnh ch nht

Vt liu
Loi ca s hnh
ch nht
Phng php g lp
ca s hnh ch nht
Khung chnh Gi knh Vng kp knh
ng thau
(1)

Bt bulng
Hp kim nhm
(1)

Thp thng ng thau
(1)

Thp thng ng thau
(1)

Thp thng
Thp thng Hp kim nhm
(1)

Loi m
Hn
Hp kim nhm (ch
i vi nhm hnh
hoc nhm rn)
Hp kim nhm
(1)

ng thau
(1)
ng thau
(1)

Bt bulng
Hp kim nhm
(1)
Hp kim nhm
(1)

Thp thng ng thau
(1)

Thp thng Thp thng
Thp thng Hp kim nhm
(1)

Loi c nh
Hn
Hp kim nhm (ch
i vi nhm hnh
hoc nhm rn)
Hp kim nhm
(1)

Ch thch:
(1) S dng vt liu c hay rn, ty s la chn.

Bng 7B/8.4 Gii hn bn ko v gin di ca cc phn chnh

Loi ca s hnh ch nht Gii hn bn ko (N/mm
2
) gin di (%)
Ca cp E 180 10
Ca cp F 140 3
QCVN 21: 2010/BGTVT
295
Bng 7B/8.5 Gii hn bn ko v gin di i vi c cu ng

Bulng tai hng v cht bn l cu
Loi ca s hnh
ch nht
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(%)
Gii hn bn ko
(N/mm
2
)
gin di
(%)
Ca cp E 350 15 250 14
Ca cp F 250 14 180 8
Bng 7B/8.6 p sut th bn

Loi ca s hnh ch nht p sut th (kPa)
Ca cp E 75
Ca cp F 35

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