PROPERTY - BLOCK 1 - Title III: Co-Ownership, 208-256 - Page

PROPERTY | BLOCK 1| Title III: Co-Ownership, 208-
2! | p"#e
53. THE HEIRS OF SALUD DIZON SALAMAT, represented by
Luc! S"#"$"t "nd D"n#! S"#"$"t, %ALENTA DIZON &AR'IA,
represented by R"y$und! D. &"rc", (r. "s Att!rney)n)F"ct,
THE HEIRS OF ANSELMA RE*ES DIZON, represented by
'"t"#n" D+!n Espn!s", $% NATI%IDAD DIZON TAMA*O,
represented by An,e#" R. D+!n, THE HEIRS OF &AUDEN'IO
DIZON, represented by M"r" D+!n (!cs!n
&.R. N!. --./00 Oct!ber 3., -112 ROMERO, J.:
D",r"$3 4F!r y!ur e"sy 5e6n,7
F"cts3
1% 1&'2 ()1*- +#,stin -i.on /ie/ le"$in# properties to his
0hil/ren)heirs
2% "1on# the properties, is " p"r0el o2 l"n/ in 3"n 4i0ol"s,
B,l"0"n 5 the l"n/ in /isp,te
6% 1&''- E/,"r/o sol/ his here/it"r7 ri#hts to 3"l,/ 2or P6000
e$i/en0e/ 87 " pri$"te /o0,1ent
'% 1&'&- 9",/en0io sol/ his here/it"r7 ri#hts to 3"l,/ 2or
P'000 e$i/en0e/ 87 " not"ri.e/ /o0,1ent
% 1&1- 9",/en0io /ie/, le"$in# his /",#hters Pris0il" "n/
:"ri" "s heirs
!% 1&8;- Petitioners instit,te/ "n "0tion 2or 0o1p,lsor7 <,/i0i"l
p"rtition o2 re"l properties re#istere/ in the n"1e o2 +#,stin
-i.on 8e0",se 4"ti$i/"/ -i.on re2,se/ to "#ree to the
2or1"l /istri8,tion o2 the properties "1on# the /e0e"se/=s
heirs% 3he /esire/ to >eep 2or hersel2 the p"r0el o2 l"n/,
0l"i1in# th"t her 2"ther /on"te/ it to her so1eti1e in 1&6!
"n/ "lso the l"n/ is /e0l"re/ in her n"1e ,n/er the T"?
-e0l"r"tion%
;% RTC @ C+- r,le/ in 2"$or o2 4"ti$i/"/, propert7 is owne/ 87
4"ti$i/"/
"% E$i/en0e: pri$"te letter si#ne/ 87 E/,"r/o, st"tin#
th"t there w"s "n or"l /on"tion 2ro1 +#,stin to
4"ti$i/"/%
8% T"? /e0l"r"tion in the n"1e o2 4"ti$i/"/
8% Petitioners A,estione/ the $"li/it7 o2 the /o0,1ent st"tin#
th"t there were ,ne?pl"ine/ er"s,res "n/ "lter"tions%
Issue: Bho owns the l"n/C
He#d: -e0ision o2 C+ re$erse/ "n/ set "si/e% L"n/ is /e0l"re/ to
8elon# to the est"te o2 +#,stin -i.on%
"% CC;'&- " tr"ns2er o2 re"l propert7 2ro1 one person to
"nother 0"nnot t">e eDe0t "s " /on"tion ,nless
e18o/ie/ in p,8li0 /o0,1ent, the "lle#e/ /on"tion w"s
/one or"ll7 "n/ not e?e0,te/ in " p,8li0 /o0,1ent% Pl,s,
the /o0,1ent ("n0ient /o0,1ent* h"/ ,ne?pl"ine/ "n/
s,spi0io,s "lter"tions (ori#in"ll7 in 8l"0> in>, 8,t
"lter"tions were in 8l,e, witness= si#n"t,re "n/ n"1es
were /elete/ 87 8l"0> pentel pen* "n/ th"t the
witnesses Pris0il" "n/ :"ri" si#ne/ the /o0,1ent 2 /"7s
"2ter the /e"th o2 9",/en0io%
8% Bhile it is tr,e th"t " $oi/ /on"tion 1"7 8e the 8"sis o2
ownership 87 pres0ription, possession 1,st 8e "/$erse
"n/ ,n/er " 0l"i1 o2 title to 0onstit,te the 2o,n/"tion o2
pres0ripti$e ri#ht%
0% Respon/ent w"s ne$er in "/$erse "n/ 0ontin,o,s
possession o2 the propert7% Petitioners "n/ respon/ent
"re 0o-owners o2 the properties le2t 87 their 2"ther%
d. 8'!)!6ners9p s " :!r$ !: trust, 6t9 e"c9 !6ner
ben, " trustee :!r e"c9 !t9er "nd p!ssess!n !: "
c!)!6ner s9"## n!t be re,"rded "s "d5erse t!
!t9er c!)!6ner but n :"ct s bene;c"# t! t9e$.
Mere "ctu"# p!ssess!n by !ne 6## n!t ,5e rse t!
t9e n:erence t9"t t9e p!ssess!n 6"s "d5erse
bec"use " c!)!6ner s entt#ed t! p!ssess!n !:
t9e pr!perty.<
e% E" 1ere silent possession 87 " 0o-owner, his re0eipt o2
rents, 2r,its or proFts 2ro1 the propert7, the ere0tion o2
8,il/in#s "n/ 2en0es "n/ the pl"ntin# o2 trees thereon
"n/ the p"71ent o2 l"n/ t"?es, 0"nnot ser$e "s proo2 o2
e?0l,si$e ownership, i2 it is not 8orne o,t 87 0le"r "n/
0on$in0in# e$i/en0e th"t he e?er0ise/ "0ts o2 possession
whi0h ,neA,i$o0"8l7 0onstit,te/ "n o,ster or
/epri$"tion o2 the ri#hts o2 the other 0o-owners%G
:. E#e$ents n !rder t9"t " c!)!6ner=s p!ssess!n
$"y be dee$ed "d5erse t! t9e c!)!6ner3
1
2! | p"#e
". He 9"s per:!r$ed une>u5!c"# "ct !:
repud"t!n "$!untn, t! !uster !: t9e
!t9er c!)!6ners 4cestu >ue trust7
b. Suc9 p!st5e "cts !r repud"t!n 9"5e been
$"de ?n!6n t! t9e !t9er c!)!6ners
c. T9e e5dence $ust be c#e"r "nd c!n5ncn,
,. N!ne !: t9e re>ure$ents s present n t9s c"se.
T9ere "re @ 9!uses st"ndn, !n t9e pr!perty, !ne
69ere n"t5d"d present#y resdes, "nd "n!t9er s
bu#t by %"#ent". H!use 69ere N"t5d"d resdes s
t9e "ncestr"# 9!use !: t9e D+!n.
h% 4o ,neA,i$o0"l "0ts o2 rep,/i"tion 1"/e, th,s 4"ti$i/"/
0"nnot "0A,ire ownership o$er the propert7 thro,#h
"0A,isiti$e pres0ription%
i% T"? /e0l"r"tions or re"lt7 t"? p"71ents "re not
0on0l,si$e e$i/en0e o2 ownership
<% I1pro$e1ents 1"/e 87 respon/ent #o$erne/ 87 CC00
L"6s "pp#c"b#eA ter$s3
1% CC ;'&- Ein or/er th"t the /on"tion o2 "n i11o$"8le 1"7 8e
$"li/1 it 1,st 8e 1"/e in " p,8li0 /o0,1ent, spe0i27in#
therein the propert7 /on"te/ "n/ the $"l,e o2 the 0h"r#es
whi0h the /onee 1,st s"tis27%G
2% +n0ient -o0,1ent- " pri$"te /o0,1ent whi0h is 1ore th"n
60 7e"rs ol/, pro/,0e/ 2ro1 " 0,sto/7 in whi0h it wo,l/
n"t,r"ll7 8e 2o,n/ i2 #en,ine, "n/ is ,n8le1ishe/ 87
"lter"tion or 0ir0,1st"n0es o2 s,spi0ion%
6% CC 00- ,pon p"rtition, there sho,l/ 8e " 1,t,"l "00o,ntin#
2or 8eneFts re0ei$e/ "n/ rei18,rse1ents 2or e?penses
1"/e%
'% T"rn"te $ T"rn"te
55. ("#"nd!n 5. &u"n+!n
("nu"ry @-, -152B Reyes, (.C.L., (.3 by E##e
F"cts3
1% +ppell"nt spo,ses A$"d! D. ("#"nd!n "n/ D"+ R"$!s
8e#"n " s,it "#"inst the "ppellees Ant!n! &u"n+!n, et"
"l%, 2or p"rtition o2 lots 4os% 160-+, 160-B "n/ 160-H o2 the
:,r0i" C"/"stre, "s well "s lots 4os% 1288 "n/ 16;! o2 the
Bo#o C"/"stre, "n/ 2or re0o$er7 o2 /"1"#es 0",se/ 87 the
/e2en/"ntsI ,nw"rr"nte/ re2,s"l to re0o#ni.e pl"intiDsI ri#ht
"n/ p"rtition s"i/ lots, "s w"s to "00o,nt 2or "n/ /eli$er
pl"intiDIs sh"re in the 0rops o8t"ine/ /,rin# the "#ri0,lt,r"l
7e"rs 2ro1 1&'1-1&'2 to 1&'!-1&';
2% CHI: Jel/ 2or pl"intiDs "n/ or/ere/ the p"rtition o2 the l"n/s
in$ol$e/, 8,t /enie/ their 0l"i1 2or /"1"#es 8e0",se o2
2"il,re to Kpro$e the e?"0t "n/ "0t,"l /"1"#es s,Dere/ 87
the1%G
6% The /e0ision h"$in# 8e0o1e Fn"l 8e0",se none o2 the
p"rties "ppe"le/, the pl"intiDs instit,te/ the present "0tion
see>in# re0o$er7 2ro1 the /e2en/"nts o2 the 2ollowin#
"1o,nts: (1* P20,000 "s 1or"l "n/ e?e1pl"r7 /"1"#es /,e
to s,Derin#, "n#,ish "n/ "n?iet7 o00"sione/ 87 the
/e2en/"ntIs re2,s"l to p"rtition o2 the properties in$ol$e/ in
the pro0ee/in# 0"seL (2* P,28%20 "s sh"re o2 the
pro/,0ts o2 the propert7 2ro1 1&'; (when the pre0ee/in#
0"se 4o% ;6 w"s Fle/* ,ntil 1& when <,/#1ent w"s
ren/ere/ therein (6* P',!8&%' "s l"n/ t"?es /,e ,np"i/ on
the properties in$ol$e/L "n/ ('* P2,00 2or "ttorne7Is 2ees%
'% The 0o,rt /is1isse/ the se0on/ 0o1pl"int 2or 2"il,re to st"te
" 0",se o2 "0tionL "n/ "2ter their 1otion to re0onsi/er w"s
/enie/%
Issue3 B)4 the "ppell"nt 0"n Fle " 0"se to 0o1pel the other 0o-
owners to 0ontri8,te%
He#dA R"t!3 NO%
EThe l"n/ t"?es "lle#e/l7 o$er/,e "n/ ,np"i/, it is re"/il7
"pp"rent th"t, t"?es 8ein# /,e to the #o$ern1ent,
p#"ntEs 9"5e n! r,9t t! c!$pe# p"y$ent t9ere!: t!
t9e$se#5es% The 0"se 0o,l/ 8e otherwise i2 pl"intiDs h"/
p"i/ the t"?es to st"$e o2 2or2eit,re o2 the 0o11on propert7
o2 t"? /elinA,en07L in th"t e$ent, the7 0o,l/ 0o1pel
0ontri8,tion% B,t the 0o1pl"int /oes not "$er "n7 s,0h t"?
p"71ent%G
E?0ept "s 0on0o1it"nt to ph7si0"l in<,ries, 1or"l "n/
0orre0ti$e /"1"#es ("lle#e/l7 /,e to s,Derin#, "n#,ish "n/
"n?iet7 0",se/ 87 the re2,s"l o2 /e2en/"nts in 1&'1 to
p"rtition the 0o11on propert7* were not re0o$er"8le ,n/er
the Ci$il Co/e o2 18&& whi0h w"s the #o$ernin# l"w "t the
ti1e% Re0o$er7 o2 s,0h /"1"#es w"s est"8lishe/ 2or the
Frst ti1e in 1&0 87 the new Ci$il Co/e, "n/ "0tion not 8e
1"/e to "ppl7 retro"0ti$el7 to "0ts th"t o00,rre/ 0h"r"0ter
o2 these /"1"#es%
+s to the $"l,e o2 the pl"intiDIs sh"re in the pro/,0ts o2 the
l"n/ /,rin# the ti1e th"t the 2or1er "0tion w"s pen/in#
2
2! | p"#e
(whi0h "re the /"1"#es 0l"i1e/ ,n/er the se0on/ 0",se o2
"0tion*, their re0o$er7 is now 8"rre/ 87 the pre$io,s
<,/#1ent%
Petition w"s -E4IE-%
5/. &! On, 5. 'A
3epte18er 2', 1&8; P"r"s, J.:
F"cts3
+ p"r0el o2 l"n/ in M,e.on Cit7 I/entiFe/ "s:
"% Lot 4o% 1, Ps/ 1021, with "n "re" o2 6,!!0%8 sA% 1% is
0o$ere/ 87 TCT 4o% 188;0 in the n"1e o2 E+l2re/o On# Bio
Jon# 1"rrie/ to N,lit" 9o On#%G
+l2re/o On# Bio Jon# /ie/ on N"n,"r7 18, 1&;%
N,lit" 9o On# w"s "ppointe/ "/1inistr"tri? o2 her h,s8"n/Is
est"te%
On N,ne 8, 1&81 N,lit" 9o On# thro,#h her "ttorne7-in-2"0t
No$it" K% Yeo 1ort#"#e/ Lot 4o% 1 to the +llie/ B"n>in#
Corpor"tion to se0,re " lo"n o2 P&00,000%00 o8t"ine/ 87 NK
E?ports, In0%
On the lo"n there w"s /,e the s,1 o2 P828,000%00 "n/
+llie/ B"n>in# Corpor"tion trie/ to 0olle0t it 2ro1 N,lit" 9o
On#%
9o On# 0o1pl"ine/ "lle#in# the n,llit7 o2 the 0ontr"0t 2or
l"0> o2 <,/i0i"l "ppro$"l whi0h the 8"n> h"/ "lle#e/l7
pro1ise/ to se0,re 2ro1 the 0o,rt%
In response thereto, the 8"n> "$erre/ th"t it w"s pl"intiD
N,lit" 9o On# who pro1ise/ to se0,re the 0o,rtIs "ppro$"l%
The 8"n> "//e/ th"t N,lit" 9o On# in2or1e/ the1 th"t she
w"s pro0esse/ the s,1 o2 P600,000%00 87 the NK E?ports,
In0% whi0h will "lso t">e 0h"r#e o2 the interest o2 the lo"n%
Issue3 B)4 the 1ort#"#e 0onstit,te/ o$er the p"r0el o2 l"n/ ,n/er
petitioner=s "/1inistr"tion is n,ll "n/ $oi/ 2or w"nt o2 <,/i0i"l
"ppro$"l%
He#d3 4o%
1% The propert7 ,n/er the "/1inistr"tion o2 petitioner - the wi2e o2
the /e0e"se/, is " 0o11,nit7 propert7 "n/ not the sep"r"te
propert7 o2 9o On#L
2% The 1ort#"#e w"s 0onstit,te/ in the wi2eIs person"l 0"p"0it7
"n/ not in her 0"p"0it7 "s "/1inistr"tri?L
6% The 1ort#"#e "De0ts the wi2eIs sh"re in the 0o11,nit7 propert7
"n/ her inherit"n0e in the est"te o2 her h,s8"n/%
The 2"0t "lone th"t in the settle1ent pro0ee/in#s o2 the est"te o2
the /e0e"se/ spo,se the entire 0on<,#"l p"rtnership propert7 o2
the 1"rri"#e is ,n/er "/1inistr"tion is not s,O0ient to in$"li/"te
the whole 1ort#"#e%
+rt% '&6 o2 the Ci$il Co/e "pplies where the heirs "s 0o-owners sh"ll
e"0h h"$e the 2,ll ownership o2 his p"rt "n/ he 1"7 "lien"te,,
"ssi#n or 1ort#"#e it, "n/ e$en s,8stit,te "nother person in its
en<o71ent, e?0ept when person"l ri#hts "re in$ol$e/% B,t the eDe0t
o2 the "lien"tion or 1ort#"#e, with respe0t to the 0o-owners, sh"ll
8e li1ite/ to the portion whi0h 1"7 8e "llotte/ to hi1 in the
/i$ision ,pon the ter1in"tion o2 the 0o-ownership% (Philippine
4"tion"l B"n> $s% Co,rt o2 +ppe"ls, &8 3CR+ 20; P1&80Q*%
The 1ort#"#e 0onstit,te/ on s"i/ propert7, ,pon e?press ",thorit7
o2 pl"intiD, notwithst"n/in# the l"0> o2 <,/i0i"l "ppro$"l, is $"li/,
with respe0t to her 0on<,#"l sh"re thereon, to#ether with her
here/it"r7 ri#hts%
The 2"0t th"t wh"t h"/ 8een 1ort#"#e/ w"s in custodia legis is
i11"teri"l, inso2"r "s her 0on<,#"l sh"re "n/ here/it"r7 sh"re in
the propert7 is 0on0erne/ 2or she w"s the "bs!#ute !6ner thereo2%
5F. L!pe+ G5s) I#ustre HD"n" Sy
N"n,"r7 2', 1&0!L P: Bill"r/
F"cts3
(1%*Hr"n0is0o :"rtine. "n/ Dedr! M"rtne+ I#ustre49s s!n)
de:end"nt7 "re !6ners n c!$$!n !: 28 p"r0els o2 l"n/
"s ten"nts n c!$$!n.
The l"n/ w"s "0A,ire/ /,rin# Hr"n0is0o=s 1"rri"#e to
-oR" 9er1"n" Il,stre, who h"s "lre"/7 p"sse/ "w"7
(2%*On -e0e18er 1&02, Hr"n0is0o 0on$e7e/ his ,n/i$i/e/ h"l2
interest on the 2 p"r0els o2 l"n/ in C"lle -,l,18"7"n,
:"nil" to Hern"n/o Lope.(pl"intiD*
Bith " ri#ht to rep,r0h"se the propert7 within one
7e"r
(6%*In N,ne 1&06, the 2"ther "n/ son 1"/e " $ol,nt"r7 p"rtition
o2 the l"n/s, whi0h w"s "ppro$e/ 87 the CHI-:"nil"%
Sn2ort,n"tel7, the 2 s,8<e0t l"n/s went to Pe/ro
('%*Hr"n0is0o 2"ile/ to p"7 ,p
3
2! | p"#e
Lope. Fle/ "n "0tion 2or p"rtition o2 l"n/ 8etween hi1 "n/
Pe/ro "n/ 2or Pe/ro to p"7 the rent on the ,se o2 s"i/
propert7 2ro1 -e0e18er 1&06 onw"r/s 5 9r"nte/ 87 the
0o,rts
Issue3 C"n the 2"0t the subject lands have been allotted to Pedro
already 8"r their 0on$e7"n0e to Lope.C
He#d3 4o% This is 8e0",se wh"t w"s 0on$e7e/ w"s h"l2 o2
Hr"n0is0o=s ,n/i$i/e/ interest
-N,/#1ent +Or1e/-
Ru#n,3
It=s o>"7 2or " 0o-owner to 0on$e7 his ,n/i$i/e/ interest
on " propert7 to "nother
- EI2 he is the owner o2 "n ,n/i$i/e/ h"l2 o2 " tr"0t o2
l"n/, 9e 9"s " r,9t t! se## "nd c!n5ey "n
und5ded 9"#:, but 9e 9"s n! r,9t t! d5de
t9e #!t nt! t6! p"rts, "nd c!n5ey t9e 69!#e !:
!ne p"rt by $etes "nd b!unds%G
Jere, Hr"n0is0o properl7 "pplie/ his ri#ht when he
0on$e7e/ his und5ded nterest n t9e @
pr!pertes. Je h"/ the Eper2e0t ri#htG to /o so%
The 0on$e7"n0e o2 the ,n/i$i/e/ interest on " propert7
/epri$es the #r"ntor o2 "n7 ri#ht o$er it
- ,pon the 0on$e7"n0e o2 the ,n/i$i/e/ sh"re, Et9e
,r"nt!r #!ses "## nterest n t9e pr!perty, "nd
!: c!urse 9"s n! r,9t t! t"?e "ny p"rt n t9e
p"rtt!n !: tG
- Jere, the 2"ther=s sh"re on the two lots w"s "lre"/7
lost ,pon the 0on$e7"n0e on -e0e18er 1&02%
There2ore, the $ol,nt"r7 p"rtition o2 whi0h w"s 1"/e
on N,ne 1&06 0"nnot "ppl7 on the s,8<e0t lots
L"6 App#ed3
Artc#e 311 !: t9e '5# '!de s "s :!##!6s3
EE$er7 0o-owner sh"ll h"$e 2,ll ownership o2 his p"rt "n/ in
the 2r,its "n/ 8eneFts /eri$e/ there2ro1, "n/ he there2ore
1"7 "lien"te, "ssi#n, or 1ort#"#e it, "n/ e$en s,8stit,te
"nother person in its en<o71ent, ,nless person"l ri#hts "re
in A,estion% B,t the eDe0t o2 the "lien"tion or 1ort#"#e,
with re#"r/ to the 0oowners, sh"ll 8e li1ite/ to the sh"re
whi0h 1"7 8e "w"r/e/ hi1 in the /i$ision on the /issol,tion
o2 the 0o11,nit7%G
52. RAMON MER'ADO, CASILIA MER'ADO I!ned by 9er
9usb"nd, FRAN'IS'O RONJUILLO, pl"intiDs "ppell"nts, $s% DIO
D. LIKANA&, /e2en/"nt-"ppellee%
&.R. N!. L)-00@1 (une 3., -1/@
MALALINTAL, J.:
F"cts3
E1% + 0o1pl"int w"s Fle/ 87 the pl"intiDs "#"inst Liw"n"#
see>in# to "nn,l " -ee/ o2 3"le on the #ro,n/ o2 2r",/ "n/
on the pro$isions o2 +rti0le '&6 o2 the Ci$il Co/e%
2% On (u#y -0, -15/3 Ramon Mercado and Pio D.
Liwanag e?e0,te/ " -ee/ o2 3"le o2 " /i$i/e/ h"l2 with "n
"re" o2 2,1&! sA% 1eters "t P;%00 per sA% 1eter (tot"l
"1o,nt o2 P1,6;2* o2 " p"r0el o2 l"n/ sit,"te/ "t
K"n#>on#, M,e.on Cit7%
6% The T.'.T. N!. @.2.5 0ont"inin# "n "re" o2 ',6&2 sA%
1eters, is iss,e/ in the n"1e o2 R"1on :er0"/o "n/ B"sili"
:er0"/o "s 0o-owners PRO-I4-ITI3O, "n/ the s"le w"s
witho,t the >nowle/#e "n/ 0onsent o2 B"sili"%
'% O,t o2 the tot"l "re" o2 ',6&2 sA% 1%, "n "re" 0onsistin# o2
6&1 sA% 1eters w"s e?propri"te/ 87 the 4"tion"l Power
Corpor"tion so1eti1e in -e0% 1&6 "t " pri0e o2 P10%00 per
sA% 1eter%
% B,t p,rs,"nt to the -ee/ o2 3"le, T.'.T. N!. 3@F5F w"s
iss,e/ in the n"1e o2 Pio Liw"n"# "n/ B"sili"%
!% Liw"n"# s,81its the re0eipt si#ne/ 87 R"1on :er0"/o
/"te/ N,l7 1', 1&! "n/ pro1issor7 note o2 the s"1e /"te
2or P10,000%00, 8,t pl"intiD R"1on :er0"/o /is0l"i1s
p"71ent "n/ re0eipt o2 s,0h 0he0> "n/ pro1issor7 note, the
0he0> 8ein# ,n0"she/ "n/ is still in the possession o2 +tt7%
E,#enio /e 9"r0i"%
;% The tri"l 0o,rt hel/ th"t ,n/er +rti0le '&6 o2 the Ci$il
Co/e the s"le in A,estion w"s $"li/ "n/ /is1isse/ the
0o1pl"int%
Issue3 KAN t9e Deed !: S"#e s9!u#d be "nnu##ed under
Artc#e 013
-
!: t9e '5# '!de
1
Artc#e 013 pr!5des:
E"0h co-owner shall have the full ownership of his part and
of the fruits and benefts pertaining thereto, "n/ he 1"7
there2ore "lien"te, "ssi#n or 1ort#"#e it, "n/ e$en s,8stit,te
"nother person in its en<o71ent, e?0ept when person"l ri#hts "re
4
2! | p"#e
He#d3 NO.
1% Bh"t " 0o-owner 1"7 /ispose o2 ,n/er +rti0le '&6 is onl7
his ,n/i$i/e/ "liA,ot sh"re, whi0h sh"ll 8e li1ite/ to the
portion whi0h 1"7 8e "llotte/ to hi1 ,pon the ter1in"tion
o2 the 0o-ownership% Je h"s no ri#ht to /i$i/e the propert7
into p"rts "n/ then 0on$e7 one p"rt 87 1etes "n/ 8o,n/s%
The pertinent recitals in the disputed deed of sale read:
I hereby sell, transfer and convey absolutely and irrevocably
unto said Pio D. Liwanag, his heirs, successors, and assigns
y rights, title and interest on y chosen portion of the
above described property which consist of one!half of
aforesaid ownership bounded on the "est by Paci#co
$ahudo, on the %orth by &acienda de Piedad and on the
'outh by (ircuferential )oad, consisting of *+ eters
ore or less frontal length along (ircuferential )oad, and
with a total area of ,,-./ s0uare eters as indicated in (o!
owners Transfer (erti#cate of Title %o. ,+1+*%
4e$ertheless, ,pon re#istr"tion o2 the s"le "n/ 0"n0ell"tion o2
tr"ns:er cert;c"te !: tt#e N!. @.2.5 in the n"1es o2 the
pre$io,s 0o-owners, the new tr"ns2er 0ertiF0"te th"t w"s iss,e/
(4o% 62;;* /i/ not repro/,0e the /es0ription in the instr,1ent 8,t
0"rrie/ the n"1es o2 "ppellee Pio -% Liw"n"# "n/ B"sili" :er0"/o
"s K0o-owners pro-in/i$iso%K
2% There is n! su,,est!n by "ny !: t9e p"rtes t9"t t9s
ne6 cert;c"te !: tt#e s n5"#d, rre,u#"r !r
n"ccur"te% There is no pr"7er th"t it 8e 0"n0ele/% +s 2"r "s
B"sili" :er0"/o is 0on0erne/ she ret"ins in "ll their inte#rit7
her ri#hts "s 0o-owner whi0h she h"/ 8e2ore the s"le, "n/
0onseA,entl7, she h"s no 0",se to 0o1pl"in% :,0h less h"s
R"1on :er0"/o, 2or it w"s he who w"s responsi8le 2or
wh"te$er in/i0i" there 1"7 8e in the /ee/ o2 s"le th"t "
/eter1in"te portion o2 the propert7 w"s 8ein# sol/, "s
shown 87 the se0on/ p"r"#r"ph thereo2, A,ote/ witho,t
0ontr"/i0tion in "ppelleeIs 8rie2 "s 2ollows:
That the aforesaid Transfer (erti#cate of Title was originally
in y nae, but was split into two e0ual parts by virtue of
y desire to donate to y sister!in!law Juana $regorio an
e0ual half thereof with the understanding that I as donor
in$ol$e/% B,t the eDe0t o2 the "lien"tion or the 1ort#"#e, with
respe0t to the 0o-owners, sh"ll 8e li1ite/ to the portion whi0h 1"7
8e "llote/ to hi1 in the /i$ision ,pon the ter1in"tion o2 the 0o-
ownership%
would have the absolute power to choose fro the property
owned in coon that part which I would li2e to segregate
for yself or y heir and assigns.
6% The title is the Fn"l "n/ 0on0l,si$e repositor7 o2 the ri#hts o2
the new 0o-owners% The A,estion o2 whether or not the /ee/
o2 s"le sho,l/ 8e "nn,lle/ 1,st 8e 0onsi/ere/ in
0on<,n0tion with the title iss,e/ p,rs,"nt thereto% 3in0e,
"00or/in# to this title, wh"t "ppellee "0A,ire/ 87 $irt,e o2
the s"le is onl7 "n ,n/i$i/e/ h"l2-sh"re o2 the propert7,
whi0h ,n/er the l"w the $en/or R"1on :er0"/o h"/ the
"8sol,te ri#ht to /ispose o2, the tri"l 0o,rt 0o11itte/ no
error in /is1issin# the "0tion% The en/-res,lt o2 the
tr"ns"0tion is in "00or/"n0e with +rti0le '&6 o2 the Ci$il
Co/e%-3wph4-.56t
The other point r"ise/ 87 "ppell"nts re2ers to the st"te1ent in the
/ispositi$e portion o2 the /e0ision "ppe"le/ 2ro1 th"t Kthe
stip,l"tion with re#"r/s to the /ee/ o2 s"le 8"se/ on the #ro,n/ o2
2r",/ is ins,O0ient 2or "ll p,rposes "n/ 8esi/es, no proo2 showin#
the "lle#"tion o2 s,0h 2r",/ e?ists in the "00or/%K It is 0onten/e/
th"t the tri"l 0o,rt erre/ in 1">in# s,0h st"te1ent, the s"1e 8ein#
0ontr"r7 to the stip,l"tion in whi0h the p"rties e?pressl7 eli1in"te/
the iss,e o2 2r",/% Hro1 the entire 0onte?t o2 the /e0ision, howe$er,
it 0"n 8e #"there/ th"t the 0"se w"s not /e0i/e/ on the 8"sis o2
the s"i/ iss,e% In "n7 e$ent, e$en i2 the 0o,rt /i/ err in 0onsi/erin#
the A,estion o2 2r",/ in spite o2 the stip,l"tion, the error is not "
pre<,/i0i"l one% +s 2"r "s the /is1iss"l o2 the "0tions 0on0erne/, it
1">es no /iDeren0e whether 2r",/ h"s not 8een pro$en or 2r",/
h"s 8een "8"n/one/ "s "n iss,e 87 e?press "#ree1ent%
BJEREHORE, the /e0ision "ppe"le/ 2ro1 is "Or1e/, with 0osts
"#"inst "ppell"nts in this inst"n0e%G
51. Fr"ncsc! 5 C!ser
9R 16;!;;L :"7 61, 2000L 2
n/
-i$L N%:en/o."L 87 Erwin Ro?"s
H"0ts:
1% Hr"n0is0o "n/ 6 sisters own ' l"n/s on whi0h st"n/s ETen
Co11"n/1ents B,il/in#G
2% The7 sol/ 1) o2 the ,n/i$i/e/ sh"re to their 1other, 1">in#
the 1other " 0o-owner%
6% +,# 8, 1&8!: :other, witho,t >nowle/#e o2 her /",#hters,
sol/ her 1) sh"re to Boiser, "nother sister o2 Hr"n0is0o%
'% +,# , 1&&2: Hr"n0is0o re0ei$e/ s,11ons 2or " 0o1pl"int
Fle/ 87 Boiser /e1"n/in# her sh"re in the rent"ls 0olle0te/
87 Hr"n0is0o 2ro1 the 8,il/in# ten"nts%
5
2! | p"#e
% Hr"n0is0o howe$er 0o,nter0l"i1e/ 87 e?er0isin# her ri#ht o2
re/e1ption "s 0o-owner%
!% Jowe$er, Boiser w"s /e0l"re/ non-s,ite/, so the 0"se "n/
the 0o,nter0l"i1 were /is1isse/%
;% In " new 0"se, Hr"n0is0o Fle/ 2or the re/e1ption 0onten/in#
the 60-/"7 re/e1ption perio/ h"/ not 7et 8e#,n sin0e the
$en/or, the 1other, ne$er in2or1e/ her "n/ the other 0o-
owners o2 the s"le%
8% Boiser 0onten/e/ th"t Hr"n0is0o >new o2 the s"le "s e"rl7 "s
:"7 60, 1&&2 when Boiser sent her " letter /e1"n/in# the
rent"ls with the -ee/ o2 3"le "tt"0he/%
&% RTC "n/ C+ /is1isse/ Hr"n0is0o=s 0o1pl"int 2or le#"l
re/e1ption s"7in# +rt1!26 /oes not pres0ri8e "n7 2or1 o2
noti27in# 0o-owners o2 the s"le to en"8le the 0o-owners to
e?er0ise the ri#ht o2 re/e1ption% The letter sent 87 Boiser to
Hr"n0isi0o with " 0op7 o2 the /ee/ o2 s"le w"s " s,8st"nti"l
0o1pli"n0e to the reA,ire/ written noti0e, th,s the 60-/"7
perio/ "lre"/7 e?pire/ 8e2ore Hr"n0is0o e?er0ise/ her ri#ht
o2 re/e1ption%
Iss,e:
B"s there s,O0ient 0o1pli"n0e with the reA,ire/ written noti0eC
4O% 4oti0e sho,l/ 0o1e 2ro1 $en/or% Jowe$er, 3C in $iew o2 <,sti0e
0onsi/ere/ the re0eipt o2 s,11ons 87 Hr"n0is0o (when Boiser Fle/
/e1"n/ 2or rent"ls* "s "0t,"l >nowle/#e o2 the s"le, so th"t
Hr"n0is0o 0"n 8e "llowe/ to e?er0ise her ri#ht o2 re/e1ption
witho,t w"itin# 2or the noti0e to 8e sent 87 the $en/or (1other*%
L"w:
+rt 1!26 4CC: The ri#ht o2 le#"l pre-e1ption or re/e1ption sh"ll
not 8e e?er0ise/ e?0ept within thirt7 /"7s 2ro1 the noti0e in writin#
87 the prospe0ti$e $en/or, or 87 the $en/or, "s the 0"se 1"78e%
The /ee/ o2 s"le sh"ll not 8e re0or/e/ in the Re#istr7 o2 Propert7,
,nless "00o1p"nie/ 87 "n "O/"$it o2 the $en/or th"t he h"s #i$en
written noti0e thereo2 to "ll possi8le re/e1ptioners%
The ri#ht o2 re/e1ption o2 0o-owners e?0l,/es th"t o2 "/<oinin#
owners%
Jel/:
(Hlip Uop 0"ses*
EIn 7utte vs% 8anuel 9y and 'ons P' 3CR+ 2! (1&!2*Q, the Co,rt
r,le/ th"t +rt% 1!26 o2 the Ci$il Co/e 0le"rl7 "n/ e?pressl7
pres0ri8es th"t the (60* /"7s 2or 1">in# the pre-e1ption or
re/e1ption "re to 8e 0o,nte/ 2ro1 noti0e in writin# 87 the vendor.:
;tcuban v% (ourt of <ppeals P1'8 3CR+ 0; (1&8;*Q: =-espite the
"pp"rent 1e"nin# o2 +rt% 1!26, it w"s hel/V it w"s Ko2 no 1o1entK
th"t the noti0e o2 s"le w"s #i$en not 87 the $en/or 8,t 87 the
$en/ees% K3o lon# "s the P0o-ownerQ is in2or1e/ in writin# o2 the
s"le "n/ the p"rti0,l"rs thereo2, the 60 /"7s 2or re/e1ption st"ir
r,nnin#, "n/ the re/e1ptioner h"s no 0",se to 0o1pl"in%G
In E'alatandol v% )etes P1!2 3CR+ !8 (1&88*Q%%% the Co,rt
e?pressl7 "Or1e/ the r,lin# in 7utte th"t the noti0e reA,ire/ 87
+rt% 1!26 1,st 8e #i$en 87 the $en/or% In 'alatandol, the noti0e
#i$en to the re/e1ptioner 87 the Re#ister o2 -ee/s o2 the pro$in0e
where the s,8<e0t l"n/ w"s sit,"te/ w"s hel/ to 8e ins,D,0ient%G
ERe$ersion to the r,lin# in 7utte is proper% +rt% 1!26 o2 the Ci$il
Co/e is 0le"r in reA,irin# th"t the written notiF0"tion sho,l/ 0o1e
2ro1 the $en/or or prospe0ti$e $en/or, not 2ro1 "n7 other person%
There is, there2ore, no roo1 2or 0onstr,0tion% In/ee/, the prin0ip"l
/iDeren0e 8etween +rt% 12' o2 the 2or1er Ci$il Co/e "n/ +rt% 1!26
o2 the present one is th"t the 2or1er /i/ not spe0i27 who 1,st #i$e
the noti0e, where"s the present one e?pressl7 s"7s the noti0e 1,st
8e #i$en 87 the $en/or% EDe0t 1,st 8e #i$en to this 0h"n#e in
st"t,tor7 l"n#,"#e%G
EVit 1">es sense to reA,ire th"t the noti0e reA,ire/ in +rt% 1!26 8e
#i$en 87 the $en/or "n/ 87 no8o/7 elseV the $en/or o2 "n
,n/i$i/e/ interest is in the 8est position to >now who "re his 0o-
owners who ,n/er the l"w 1,st 8e notiFe/ o2 the s"le% It is li>ewise
the notiF0"tion 2ro1 the seller, not 2ro1 "n7one else, whi0h 0"n
re1o$e "ll /o,8ts "s to the 2"0t o2 the s"le, its per2e0tion, "n/ its
$"li/it7, 2or in " 0ontr"0t o2 s"le, the seller is in the 8est position to
0onFr1 whether 0onsent to the essenti"l o8li#"tion o2 sellin# the
propert7 "n/ tr"ns2errin# ownership thereo2 to the $en/ee h"s
8een #i$en%G
EPJowe$erQ, it isV ,n<,st when the s,8<e0t s"le h"s "lre"/7 8een
est"8lishe/ 8e2ore 8oth lower 0o,rts "n/ now, 8e2ore this Co,rt, to
2,rther /el"7 petitionerIs e?er0ise o2 her ri#ht o2 le#"l re/e1ption
87 reA,irin# th"t noti0e 8e #i$en 87 the $en/or 8e2ore petitioner
0"n e?er0ise her ri#ht% Hor this re"son, we r,le th"t the re0eipt 87
PHr"n0is0oQ o2 s,11ons in Ci$il C"se 4o% 110 Pthe 0"se Fle/ 87
BoiserQ on +,#,st , 1&&2 0onstit,tes "0t,"l >nowle/#e on the
6
2! | p"#e
8"sis o2 whi0h PHr"n0is0oQ 1"7 now e?er0ise her ri#ht o2 re/e1ption
within 60 /"7s 2ro1 Fn"lit7 o2 this /e0ision%G
EVre0eipt 87 PHr"n0is0oQ o2 s,11ons in Ci$il C"se 4o% 110 on
+,#,st , 1&&2 "1o,nte/ to "0t,"l >nowle/#e o2 the s"le 2ro1
whi0h the 60-/"7 perio/ o2 re/e1ption 0o11en0e/ to r,n%
PHr"n0is0oQ h"/ ,ntil 3epte18er ', 1&&2 within whi0h to e?er0ise
her ri#ht o2 le#"l re/e1ption, 8,t on +,#,st 12, 1&&2 she
/eposite/ the P10,000%00 re/e1ption pri0e% +s PHr"n0is0o=sQ
e?er0ise o2 s"i/ ri#ht w"s ti1el7, the s"1e sho,l/ 8e #i$en eDe0t%
RTC "n/ C+ re$erse/% RTC or/ere/ to eDe0t Hr"n0is0o=s e?er0ise o2
ri#ht her ri#ht o2 le#"l re/e1ption%
!0% OS'AR '. FERNANDEZ, &IL '. FERNANDEZ "nd
ARMANDO '. FERNANDEZ, petitioners vs. Sp!uses 'ARLOS
"nd NAR'ISA TARUN, respondents.
4o$e18er 1' , 2002L N% P"n#"ni8"n
H"0ts:
This 0"se is "8o,t " /isp,te o$er " +n 8,20&-sA,"re 1eter
Fshpon/ sit,"te/ "t +rell"no-B"ni, -"#,p"n Cit7 >nown "s Lot
4o% 2&&1 o2 the C"/"str"l 3,r$e7 o2 -"#,p"n
The 8rothers +ntonio, 3"nti"#o, -e1etri" "n/ +n#el Hern"n/e.
"n/ their ,n0le, +r1"n/o owne/ 1)! o2 the Fshpon/% Bhen
+r1"n/o, who w"s sin#le /ie/, his sh"re w"s /istri8,te/ to the
others so th"t the7 owne/ 1) o2 the Fshpon/
On N,ne ', 1&!;, +ntonio Hern"n/e. sol/ his sh"re o2 "8o,t
';%2; sA,"re 1eters to the respon/ents
On N,ne 18, 1&!;, -e1etri" Hern"n/e. sol/ her sh"re o2 ';%2;
sA,"re 1eters to the respon/ents
The two s"les were re#istere/ "n/ "nnot"te/ on OCT 4o% '60&&
On 4o$e18er 1', 1&!&, the 0o-owners o2 the /isp,te/ Fshpon/
"n/ "nother Fshpon/ 0o$ere/ 87 TCT 4o% 10&'' e?e0,te/ "
-ee/ o2 E?tr"<,/i0i"l P"rtition o2 two p"r0els o2 re#istere/ l"n/
with e?0h"n#e o2 sh"res% +ntonio, 3"nti"#o, -e1etri" "n/ +n#el
were "1on# the p"rties to the -ee/ o2 E?tr"<,/i0i"l P"rtition%
The -ee/ o2 E?tr"<,/i0i"l P"rtition stip,l"te/ th"t the s"le o2 the
sh"res o2 -e1etri" "n/ +ntonio to the respon/ents 8e
re0o#ni.e/ "n/ respe0te/% The sol/ sh"res were e?0l,/e/ 2ro1
the p"rtition%
+n#el Hern"n/e., 87 $irt,e o2 the -ee/ o2 E?tr"<,/i0i"l P"rtition,
e?0h"n#e/ his sh"re on the Fshpon/ 0o$ere/ 87 TCT 4o% 10&''
2or the sh"re o2 the other 0o-owners o2 the /isp,te/ Fshpon/%
The res,lt o2 this w"s th"t +n#el "n/ the respon/ents 8e0"1e
0o-owners o2 the /isp,te/ Fshpon/%
Bhile the respon/ents were p"7in# "lre"/7 re"lt7 t"?es on their
sh"re o2 the /isp,te/ Fshpon/, +n#el "n/ l"ter on his heirs
were still in possession o2 the entire Fshpon/
The respon/ents w"nte/ to p"rtition the propert7 8,t +n#el
re2,se/% +2ter +n#el /ie/, the respon/ents wrote the petitioners,
8ein# +n#el=s heirs, o2 their /esire to p"rtition the /isp,te/
Fshpon/ 8,t this "lso w"s re<e0te/ 87 the petitioners
Respon/ents Fle/ " s,it 2or p"rtition "n/ /"1"#es%
The RTC r,le/ in 2"$or o2 the petitioners
+rti0les 1!20
2
"n/ 1!21
6
o2 the Ci$il Co/e entitle/ the
petitioners to re/ee1 the propert7 th"t the7 h"/ sol/ to
respon/ents%
The s"le w"s hi#hl7 iniA,ito,s "n/ $oi/ in 0ontr"$ention
o2 +rti0les 1!26
'
o2 the Ci$il Co/e
The C+ r,le/ in 2"$or o2 the respon/ents
3in0e +n#el Hern"n/e. w"s the 0o-owner o2 the /isp,te/
Fshpon/ "t the ti1e o2 the s"le, he w"s the one entitle/
2
+rt% 1!20% + 0o-owner o2 " thin# 1"7 e?er0ise the ri#ht o2 re/e1ption in
0"se the sh"res o2 "ll the other 0o-owners or o2 "n7 o2 the1, "re sol/ to "
thir/ person% I2 the pri0e o2 the "lien"tion is #rossl7 e?0essi$e, the
re/e1ptioner sh"ll p"7 onl7 " re"son"8le one%
3ho,l/ two or 1ore 0o-owners /esire to e?er0ise the ri#ht o2 re/e1ption,
the7 1"7 onl7 /o so in proportion to the sh"re the7 1"7 respe0ti$el7 h"$e
in the thin# owne/ in 0o11on%
3
+rt% 1!21% The owners o2 "/<oinin# l"n/s sh"ll "lso h"$e the ri#ht o2
re/e1ption when " pie0e o2 r,r"l l"n/, the "re" o2 whi0h /oes not e?0ee/
one he0t"re, is "lien"te/, ,nless the #r"ntee /oes not own "n7 r,r"l l"n/%
This ri#ht is not "ppli0"8le to "/<"0ent l"n/s whi0h "re sep"r"te/ 87
8roo>s, /r"ins, r"$ines, ro"/s "n/ other "pp"rent ser$it,/es 2or the 8eneFt
o2 other est"tes%
I2 two or 1ore "/<oinin# owners /esire to e?er0ise the ri#ht o2 re/e1ption
"t the s"1e ti1e, the owner o2 the "/<oinin# l"n/ o2 s1"ller "re" sh"ll 8e
pre2erre/L "n/ sho,l/ 8oth l"n/s h"$e the s"1e "re", the one who Frst
reA,este/ the re/e1ption%
4
+rt% 1!26% The ri#ht o2 le#"l pre-e1ption or re/e1ption sh"ll not 8e
e?er0ise/ e?0ept within thirt7 /"7s 2ro1 the noti0e in writin# 87 the
prospe0ti$e $en/or, or 87 the $en/or, "s the 0"se 1"7 8e% The /ee/ o2 s"le
sh"ll not 8e re0or/e/ in the Re#istr7 o2 Propert7, ,nless "00o1p"nie/ 87
"n "O/"$it o2 the $en/or th"t he h"s #i$en written noti0e thereo2 to "ll
possi8le re/e1ptioners%
The ri#ht o2 re/e1ption o2 0o-owners e?0l,/es th"t o2 "/<oinin# owners%
7
2! | p"#e
to re0ei$e noti0e "n/ to re/ee1 the propert7 8,t he /i/
not 0hoose to e?er0ise th"t ri#ht
The e?e0,tion o2 the -ee/ o2 E?tr"<,/i0i"l P"rtition w"s "
s,8st"nti"l 0o1pli"n0e with the noti0e reA,ire1ent
,n/er th"t l"w%
It w"s too l"te in the /"7 to /e0l"re the e?0h"n#e hi#hl7
iniA,ito,s, when +n#el Hern"n/e. h"/ not 0o1pl"ine/
"8o,t it% +s his s,00essors-in-interest, petitioners were
8o,n/ 87 the ter1s o2 the "#ree1ent%
Iss,e)s:
+re the petitioners entitle/ to e?er0ise their ri#ht o2 le#"l
re/e1ptionC
Is the tr"ns"0tion "n eA,it"8le 1ort#"#eC
Is the /ee/ o2 e?tr"-<,/i0i"l p"rtition $oi/ "n/ ineO0"0io,sC
Jel/:
4o, the petitioners "re not entitle/ to e?er0ise their ri#ht o2
le#"l re/e1ption%
the ri#ht to re/ee1 re2erre/ to in +rti0le 1!20 "pplies
onl7 when " portion is sol/ to " non-0o-owner
The respon/ents 8e0"1e 0o-owners o2 the /isp,te/
Fshpon/ 8e0",se the7 were sol/ sh"res o2 it 87
-e1etri" "n/ +ntonio lon# 8e2ore petitioners s,00ee/e/
+n#el%
Le#"l re/e1ption is in the n"t,re o2 " pri$ile#e 0re"te/
87 l"w p"rtl7 2or re"sons o2 p,8li0 poli07 "n/ p"rtl7 2or
the 8eneFt "n/ 0on$enien0e o2 the re/e1ptioner, to
"Dor/ hi1 " w"7 o,t o2 wh"t 1i#ht 8e " /is"#ree"8le or
P"nQ in0on$enient "sso0i"tion into whi0h he h"s 8een
thr,st% (10 :"nres", '
th
% E/%, 61;%*
It is inten/e/ to 1ini1i.e 0o-ownership% The l"w #r"nts "
0o-owner the e?er0ise o2 the s"i/ ri#ht o2 re/e1ption
when the sh"res o2 the other owners "re sol/ to " thir/
person (Id%, pp% 160-161, per T"sA,e., N%*
The petitioner=s 0ontention th"t the s"les o2 the sh"res in
the /isp,te/ Fshpon/ to the respon/ents "re $oi/
8e0",se " noti0e in writin# to the other 0o-owners w"s
not sent "s reA,ire/ ,n/er +rti0le 1!2
o2 the Ci$il Co/e

5
+rt% 1!2% +n "ssi#n1ent o2 " 0re/it, ri#ht or "0tion sh"ll pro/,0e no
eDe0t "s "#"inst thir/ person, ,nless it "ppe"rs in " p,8li0 instr,1ent, or
the instr,1ent is re0or/e/ in the Re#istr7 o2 Propert7 in 0"se the
"ssi#n1ent in$ol$es re"l propert7%
is not 1eritorio,s% The pro$ision onl7 st"tes th"t the
/ee/ o2 s"le sh"ll not 8e re0or/e/ in the re#istr7 o2
propert7 witho,t s,0h noti0e 8,t it /oes not 1">e the
s"le $oi/%
+n#el Hern"n/e. is /ee1e/ to h"$e 8een #i$en noti0e o2
the s"le to respon/ents 87 the e?e0,tion "n/ si#nin# o2
the -ee/ o2 E?tr"<,/i0i"l P"rtition "n/ E?0h"n#e o2
3h"res% This is in "00or/"n0e with the /o0trine th"t the
l"w /oes not reA,ire "n7 spe0iF0 2or1 o2 written noti0e
to the re/e1ptioner
4o, the tr"ns"0tion is not "n eA,it"8le 1ort#"#e%
Petitioners 0onten/ th"t the s"le w"s onl7 "n eA,it"8le
1ort#"#e 8e0",se the pri0e w"s #rossl7 in"/eA,"te, "n/
the $en/ors re1"ine/ in possession o2 the l"n/ "n/
en<o7e/ its 2r,its% This 0ontention is ,nten"8le%
Per +rt% 1!02
!
o2 the Ci$il Co/e, the reA,isites o2 "n
eA,it"8le 1ort#"#e "re:
when the pri0e o2 the s"le with the ri#ht to
rep,r0h"se is ,n,s,"ll7 in"/eA,"te
when the $en/or re1"ins in possession "s lessee
or otherwise
Bhile it is tr,e th"t +n#el re1"ine/ in possession o2 the
propert7, the sellers were +ntonio "n/ -e1etri" "n/
the7 were not 0l"i1in# th"t the s"le w"s one o2
eA,it"8le 1ort#"#e%
:ere "lle#e/ in"/eA,"07 o2 the pri0e /oes not
ne0ess"ril7 $oi/ " 0ontr"0t o2 s"le, "ltho,#h the
6
+rt% 1!02% The 0ontr"0t sh"ll 8e pres,1e/ to 8e "n eA,it"8le 1ort#"#e,
in "n7 o2 the 2ollowin# 0"ses:
(1* Bhen the pri0e o2 " s"le with ri#ht to rep,r0h"se is ,n,s,"ll7
in"/eA,"teL
(2* Bhen the $en/or re1"ins in possession "s lessee or otherwiseL
(6* Bhen ,pon or "2ter the e?pir"tion o2 the ri#ht to rep,r0h"se "nother
instr,1ent e?ten/in# the perio/ o2 re/e1ption or #r"ntin# " new perio/ is
e?e0,te/L
('* Bhen the p,r0h"ser ret"ins 2or hi1sel2 " p"rt o2 the p,r0h"se pri0eL
(* Bhen the $en/or 8in/s hi1sel2 to p"7 the t"?es on the thin# sol/L
(!* In "n7 other 0"se where it 1"7 8e 2"irl7 in2erre/ th"t the re"l intention
o2 the p"rties is th"t the tr"ns"0tion sh"ll se0,re the p"71ent o2 " /e8t or
the per2or1"n0e o2 "n7 other o8li#"tion%
In "n7 o2 the 2ore#oin# 0"ses, "n7 1one7, 2r,its, or other 8eneFt to 8e
re0ei$e/ 87 the $en/ee "s rent or otherwise sh"ll 8e 0onsi/ere/ "s interest
whi0h sh"ll 8e s,8<e0t to the ,s,r7 l"ws%
8
2! | p"#e
in"/eA,"07 1"7 in/i0"te th"t there w"s " /e2e0t in the
0onsent, or th"t the p"rties re"ll7 inten/e/ " /on"tion,
1ort#"#e, or so1e other "0t or 0ontr"0t (+rt% 1';0, Ci$il
Co/e*
Snless the pri0e is #rossl7 in"/eA,"te or sho0>in# to the
0ons0ien0e,

" s"le is not set "si/e% (+8"po v% Co,rt o2
+ppe"ls, 62; 3CR+ 180, 18;, :"r0h 2, 2000%*
Petitoners h"$e not pro$en the in"/eA,"07 o2 the pri0e
8e0",se the7 2"ile/ to est"8lish the 2"ir 1"r>et $"l,e o2
the propert7 when it w"s sol/ in 1&!;%
4o, the /ee/ o2 e?tr"-<,/i0i"l p"rtition is not $oi/ "n/
ineO0"0io,s%
Petitioners 0onten/ th"t the /ee/ o2 e?tr"-<,/i0i"l
p"rtition is not $oi/ "n/ ineO0"0io,s 8e0",se +n#el
stoo/ to lose ,'&8%1' sA,"re 1eters% This 0ontention is
,nten"8le
The l"w will not relie$e p"rties 2ro1 the eDe0ts o2 "n
,nwise, 2oolish or /is"stro,s "#ree1ent the7 entere/
into with "ll the reA,ire/ 2or1"lities "n/ with 2,ll
"w"reness o2 wh"t the7 were /oin#% Co,rts h"$e no
power to relie$e the1 2ro1 o8li#"tions the7 $ol,nt"ril7
"ss,1e/, si1pl7 8e0",se their 0ontr"0ts t,rn o,t to 8e
/is"stro,s /e"ls or ,nwise in$est1ents
4either the l"w nor the 0o,rts will e?tri0"te the1 2ro1
"n ,nwise or ,n/esir"8le 0ontr"0t whi0h the7 entere/
into with "ll the reA,ire/ 2or1"lities "n/ with 2,ll
>nowle/#e o2 its 0onseA,en0es (Op,len0i" v% Co,rt o2
+ppe"ls, 2&6 3CR+ 68, 6&!, N,l7 60, 1&&8*
Petitioners herein "re 8o,n/ 87 the e?tr"<,/i0i"l
p"rtition, 8e0",se 0ontr"0ts not onl7 t">e eDe0t 8etween
the p"rties, 8,t "lso e?ten/ to their "ssi#ns "n/ heirs
(+rt% 1611, Ci$il Co/eL 31ith, Bell @ Co%, In0% v% Co,rt o2
+ppe"ls, 2!; 3CR+ 60, 68-6&, He8r,"r7 !, 1&&;L
B"n#"7"n v% Co,rt o2 +ppe"ls, 2;8 3CR+ 6;&, 68,
+,#,st 2&, 1&&;*
The petitioners sho,l/ h"$e Fle/ the proper "0tion to
"nn,l the e?tr" <,/i0i"l p"rtition i2 the7 8elie$e/ it to 8e
iniA,ito,s%
The e?tr" <,/i0i"l p"rtition w"s 1ore 8eneF0i"l to +n#el%
B7 sw"ppin# sh"res o2 the other Fshpon/ with sh"res in
the /isp,te/ Fshpon/, his ownership 8e0"1e 0onti#,o,s
"n/ 0o1p"0t in onl7 one Fshpon/, inste"/ o2 8ein#
1erel7 sh"re/ with the other 0o-heirs in two /iDerent
Fshpon/s%
!1% REMEDIOS &. SAL%ADOR "nd &RA'IA &. SAL%ADOR, 5s.
'A, ALCERTO "nd ELDIA *ACO, FRAN'IS'A *ACO, et "#.
9%R% 4o% 10&&10 +pril , 1&& | TiD (sorr7 it=s " lon# /i#est, it=s "
lon# 0"se* | -+TI-E, NR%, N%
P"rties:
+lipio Y"8o=s & 0hil/ren 5 Ti0tori"no, Pro0opio, Lope,
Nose, Pel"#i", B"seli.", Hr"n0is0", :"ri", "n/ 9",/en0i"
P"stor :">i8"lo 5 1"rrie/ to :"ri" Y"8o-:">i8"lo
+l8erto Y"8o 5 son o2 Pro0opio Y"8oL 1"rrie/ to Elpi"
Y"8o
Ene0i" Crist"l 5 represent"ti$e o2 9",/en0i" Y"8o
3po,ses E,lo#io "n/ Re1e/ios 3"l$"/or - str"n#ers
to the Y"8o 2"1il7L "ssi#nees o2 P"stor :">i8"lo
H"0ts:
1% +lipio Y"8o - owner o2 Lot 4o% !080 "n/ Lot 4o% !180
sit,"te/ in B"rrio B,l,", C"#"7"n /e Oro Cit7% Spon +ilipio=s
/e"th, the l"n/ title w"s tr"ns2erre/ ,pon his & 0hil/ren
so1eti1e 8e2ore or /,rin# the BBII%
2% +pr 28 1&;! - P"stor :">i8"lo Fle/ WCHI " 0o1pl"int,
"#"inst the spo,ses +l8erto "n/ Elpi" Y"8o 2or KM,ietin# o2
Title, +nn,l1ent o2 -o0,1ents, "n/ -"1"#es%K
"% P"stor "lle#e/ - he owne/ " tot"l o2 8 sh"res o2 the
s,8<e0t lots (he p,r0h"se/ the sh"res o2 ; o2 +lipioIs
0hil/ren "n/ inherite/ the sh"re o2 his wi2e*
8% Th"t he (P"stor* o00,pie/, 0,lti$"te/, "n/ possesse/
0ontin,o,sl7, openl7, pe"0e2,ll7, "n/ e?0l,si$el7 the
2 p"r0els o2 l"n/%
0% P"stor pr"7e/ th"t he 8e /e0l"re/ the "8sol,te
owner o2 8)& o2 the lots in A,estion
6% O0t 8 1&;! - #r"n/0hil/ren "n/ #re"t-#r"n/0hil/ren o2 +lipio
Fle/ Ws"1e CHI " 0o1pl"int 2or p"rtition "n/ A,ietin# o2
title with /"1"#es "#"inst P"stor :">i8"lo, Ene0i" Crist"l,
"n/ the spo,ses 3"l$"/or%
"% The7 "lle#e/ - Lot 4o% !080 "n/ Lot 4o% !180 "re the
0o11on propert7 o2 the heirs o2 +lipio n"1el7, the
pl"intiDs, /e2en/"nt Ene0i" Crist"l, :"ri" Y"8o "n/
Nose Y"8o, whose sh"re h"/ 8een sol/ to +l8erto
Y"8oL
8% +lso "lle#e/ - "2ter +lipioIs /e"th, the spo,ses P"stor
"n/ :"ri" :">i8"lo, Ene0i" Crist"l "n/ Nose Y"8o
9
2! | p"#e
8e0"1e the de facto "/1inistr"tors o2 the s"i/
propertiesL
0% +n/ th"t 1,0h to their s,rprise, the7 /is0o$ere/ th"t
the 3"l$"/or spo,ses h"$e 8een h"r$estin# 0o0on,ts
2ro1 the lots, whi0h "0t "s " 0lo,/ on the pl"intiDsI
title o$er the lots%
/% The7 pr"7e/ th"t
(i* the7, "s well "s /e2en/"nt P"stor :">i8"lo "n/
Ene0i" Crist"l, 8e /e0l"re/ "s the owners o2 the lotsL
(ii* the 3"l$"/or spo,ses 8e /e0l"re/ "s h"$in# no
ri#hts thereto e?0ept "s possi8le "ssi#nees o2 their 0o-
/e2en/"nts, P"stor :">i8"lo "n/ Ene0i" Crist"lL
(iii* the lots 8e p"rtitione/ "00or/in# to l"w "1on#
the "2ore1entione/ 0o-owners (P"stor :">i8"lo "n/
Ene0i" Crist"l*L "n/
(i$* the /e2en/"nts 8e 1"/e to p"7 2or the $"l,e o2
the 2r,its the7 h"r$este/ 2ro1 the lots "n/ 2or 1or"l "n/
e?e1pl"r7 /"1"#es, "ttorne7Is 2ees, e?penses o2 the
liti#"tion, "n/ 0osts o2 the s,it%
'% -e0 1&!8 - P"stor 1ort#"#e/ the two lots to the spo,ses
E,lo#io "n/ Re1e/ios 3"l$"/or% On 3ept 2!, 1&;8, P"stor
e?e0,te/ " /o0,1ent /eno1in"te/ "s " KConFr1"tion "n/
M,it0l"i1K where87 he w"i$e/ "ll his ri#hts, interests, "n/
p"rti0ip"tion in the lots in 2"$or o2 the 3"l$"/or spo,ses%
(XXsee T"8le "t the en/ 2or the "lle#"tions "n/ proo2 o2 the RTC
"n/ C+*
% RTC: 3po,ses 3"l$"/or "re the owners o2 8 sh"res,
eA,i$"lent to 8)& o2 Lot 4o% !080, "n/ o2 ; sh"res,
eA,i$"lent to ;)& o2 Lot 4o% !180, "n/ there2ore, or/erin#
the p"rtition o2 Lot !080 so th"t the 1)& "llote/ to
9",/en0i" Y"8o will #o to her heirs or their "ssi#ns, "n/ the
re1"inin# 8)& will #o to the spo,ses 3"l$"/or, "s s,00essor
o2 P"stor :">i8"lo, "n/ the p"rtition o2 Lot !180 so th"t the
;)& portion whi0h 2or1erl7 8elon#e/ to B"seli.", Ti0tori"no,
Nose, Lope, :"ri", Hr"n0is0", "n/ Pel"#i" will #o to the
spo,sesL the 1)& whi0h 2or1erl7 8elon#e/ to Pro0opio, will
#o to +l8erto Y"8o (Pro0opio=s son*, "n/ the re1"inin# 1)&
whi0h 2or1erl7 8elon#e/ to 9",/en0i", will #o to
9",/en0i"Is heirs or their "ssi#ns%
!% C+: RTC "Or1e/% P"stor :">i8"lo "n/ his "ssi#ns, the
spo,ses 3"l$"/or, "re entitle/ onl7 to Y o2 the 1)& sh"re o2
:"ri" "n/ 6)' o2 the !)& sh"res "0A,ire/ 2ro1 B"sili.",
Ti0tori"no, Nose, Lope, Pel"#i" "n/ Hr"n0is0"% The lower
0o,rt is /ire0te/ i2 ne0ess"r7 to 2,ll7 eDe0t the p"rtition, to
0on/,0t 2,rther he"rin#s "n/ /eter1ine whether Nose Y"8o
is still "li$e "n/ who "re the 0hil/ren o2 the 8rothers "n/
sisters o2 :"ri"% The p"rtition:
(1* 1)& o2 Lots !080 @ !180 to the heirs o2 9",/en0i" or
their s,00essors "n/ "ssi#nsL
(2* 1)& o2 Lot !180 to +l8erto "n/ his wi2e Elpi"L
(6* 1)& o2 Lot !080 to the heirs o2 Pro0opio "n/ their
s,00essors "n/ "ssi#ns, in0l,/in# +l8ertoL
('* The 1)& sh"re o2 :"ri" in Lots !080 "n/ !180 8e
p"rtitione/: 1)2 2or the s,r$i$in# spo,se P"stor :">i8"lo
(now spo,ses 3"l$"/or* "n/ the other h"l2 2or the 0hil/ren o2
the 8rothers "n/ sisters o2 :"ri" in eA,"l sh"resL
(* The re1"inin# !)&: 1)2 o2 whi0h is 0on<,#"l 8etween
:"ri" "n/ P"stor :">i8"lo 8e p"rtitione/ 6)' 2or P"stor
:">i8"lo (now spo,ses 3"l$"/or* "n/ 1)' 2or the 0hil/ren o2
the 8rothers "n/ sisters o2 :"ri" in eA,"l sh"resL
(!* Nose Y"8o i2 he is still "li$e sho,l/ p"rti0ip"te in the
p"rtition "s heir o2 :"ri" otherwise he sh"ll 8e represente/
87 his 0hil/ren%
Iss,es:
1% Bhi0h portion o2 Lot 4o% !080 "n/ Lot 4o% !180 2or1e/ p"rt
o2 the 0on<,#"l "ssets o2 the spo,ses P"stor :">i8"lo "n/
:"ri" Y"8oC
2% Bhether or not P"stor :">i8"lo h"s "0A,ire/ 87 pres0ription
the sh"res o2 his other 0o-heirs or 0o-ownersC
Jel/:
1% E+rti0le 1!0 4CC - "ll propert7 o2 the 1"rri"#e is pres,1e/
to 8elon# to the 0on<,#"l p"rtnership, ,nless it 8e pro$e/
th"t it pert"ins e?0l,si$el7 to the h,s8"n/ or to the wi2e%
3in0e the sh"res o2 Nose, Ti0tori"no, Lope, B"seli.",
Pro0opio, "n/ Hr"n0is0" in Lot 4o% !180 "n/ Lot 4o% !080
h"/ 8een p,r0h"se/ 87 P"stor /,rin# his 1"rri"#e with
:"ri", "n/ there is no proo2 th"t these were "0A,ire/ with
his e?0l,si$e 1one7, the s"1e "re /ee1e/ 0on<,#"l
properties%G
"% E4ot 2or1in# p"rt o2 the 0on<,#"l p"rtnership "re: (i*
the 1)& sh"re inherite/ 87 :"ri" whi0h re1"ine/ "s
her e?0l,si$e propert7 p,rs,"nt to +rti0le 1'! (2*
4CCL (ii* the 1)& sh"re o2 9",/en0i" whi0h w"s not
sol/ to P"storL "n/ (iii* the 1)& sh"re o2 Pel"#i" whi0h
10
2! | p"#e
w"s "0A,ire/ 87 P"stor in 1&!; or 7e"rs "2ter the
/e"th o2 his wi2e "n/ whi0h w"s there2ore his
e?0l,si$e propert7%G
8% ESpon :"ri"Is /e"th in 1&!2, the 0on<,#"l
p"rtnership o2 #"ins w"s /issol$e/% J"l2 o2 the
0on<,#"l properties, to#ether with :"ri"Is 1)&
here/it"r7 sh"re in the /isp,te/ lots, 0onstit,te/
:"ri"Is est"te "n/ sho,l/ th,s #o to her s,r$i$in#
heirs% Sn/er +rti0le 1001 4CC, her heirs "re: (i* her
spo,se, P"stor :">i8"lo, who sh"ll 8e entitle/ to 1)2
o2 her est"te, (ii* her 8rother, Nose, "n/ (iii* the
0hil/ren o2 her other 8rothers "n/ sisters, who sh"ll
inherit the other h"l2% There h"$in# 8een no "0t,"l
p"rtition o2 the est"te 7et, the s"i/ heirs 8e0"1e 0o-
owners thereo2 87 oper"tion o2 l"w%G
2% 4O% E+rti0le '&' 4CC whi0h pro$i/es th"t e"0h 0o-owner
1"7 /e1"n/ "t "n7 ti1e the p"rtition o2 the 0o11on
propert7 i1plies th"t "n "0tion to /e1"n/ p"rtition is
i1pres0ripti8le or 0"nnot 8e 8"rre/ 87 l"0hes% The
i1pres0ripti8ilit7 o2 the "0tion 0"nnot, howe$er, 8e in$o>e/
when one o2 the 0o-owners h"s possesse/ the propert7 "s
e?0l,si$e owner "n/ 2or " perio/ s,O0ient to "0A,ire it 87
pres0ription%G
"% EPres0ription "s " 1o/e o2 "0A,irin# ownership
reA,ires " 0ontin,o,s, open, pe"0e2,l, p,8li0, "n/
"/$erse possession 2or " perio/ o2 ti1e F?e/ 87 l"w%G
8% EPossession o2 " 0o-owner is li>e th"t o2 " tr,stee "n/
sh"ll not 8e re#"r/e/ "s "/$erse to the other 0o-
owners 8,t in 2"0t "s 8eneF0i"l to "ll o2 the1% +0ts
whi0h 1"7 8e 0onsi/ere/ "/$erse to str"n#ers 1"7
not 8e 0onsi/ere/ "/$erse inso2"r "s 0o-owners "re
0on0erne/% + 1ere silent possession 87 " 0o-owner,
his re0eipt o2 rents, 2r,its or proFts 2ro1 the propert7,
the ere0tion o2 8,il/in#s "n/ 2en0es "n/ the pl"ntin#
o2 trees thereon, "n/ the p"71ent o2 l"n/ t"?es,
0"nnot ser$e "s proo2 o2 e?0l,si$e ownership, i2 it is
not 8orne o,t 87 0le"r "n/ 0on$in0in# e$i/en0e th"t
he e?er0ise/ "0ts o2 possession whi0h ,neA,i$o0"8l7
0onstit,te/ "n o,ster or /epri$"tion o2 the ri#hts o2
the other 0o-owners%G
0% EIn or/er th"t " 0o-ownerIs possession 1"7 8e
/ee1e/ "/$erse to the cestui 0ue trust or the other
0o-owners, the 2ollowin# ele1ents 1,st 0on0,r: (1*
th"t he h"s per2or1e/ ,neA,i$o0"l "0ts o2
rep,/i"tion "1o,ntin# to "n o,ster o2 the cestui 0ue
trust or the other 0o-ownersL (2* th"t s,0h positi$e
"0ts o2 rep,/i"tion h"$e 8een 1"/e >nown to the
cestui 0ue trust or the other 0o-ownersL "n/ (6* th"t
the e$i/en0e thereon 1,st 8e 0le"r "n/ 0on$in0in#%G
/% ERe0or/s /o not show th"t P"stor :">i8"lo
"/<,/i0"te/ to hi1sel2 the whole est"te o2 his wi2e 87
1e"ns o2 "n "O/"$it Fle/ with the OO0e o2 the
Re#ister o2 -ee/s "s "llowe/ ,n/er 3e0tion 1 R,le ;'
o2 the RoC, or th"t he 0",se/ the iss,"n0e o2 "
0ertiF0"te o2 title in his n"1e or the 0"n0ell"tion o2
the t"? /e0l"r"tion in +lipioIs n"1e "n/ the iss,"n0e
o2 " new one in his own n"1e%G
i% E The onl7 "0t whi0h 1"7 8e /ee1e/ "s "
rep,/i"tion 87 P"stor o2 the 0o-ownership
o$er the lots is his Flin# on +pril 28, 1&;! o2
"n "0tion to A,iet title% The perio/ o2
pres0ription st"rte/ to r,n onl7 2ro1 this
rep,/i"tion% Jowe$er, this w"s tolle/ when his
0o-heirs, the pri$"te respon/ents herein,
instit,te/ on O0t 8, 1&;! "n "0tion 2or
p"rtition o2 the lots% Jen0e, the "/$erse
possession 87 P"stor 8ein# 2or onl7 "8o,t !
1onths wo,l/ not $est in hi1 e?0l,si$e
ownership o2 his wi2eIs est"te, "n/ "8sent
"0A,isiti$e pres0ription o2 ownership, l"0hes
"n/ pres0ription o2 the "0tion 2or p"rtition will
not lie in 2"$or o2 P"stor%G
e% E3in0e the sh"re o2 Pro0opio in the 2 p"r0els o2 l"n/
w"s p,r0h"se/ 87 P"stor /,rin# his 1"rri"#e with
:"ri", the7 8e0"1e 0on<,#"l propert7, "n/ h"l2 o2 it
2or1e/ p"rt o2 :"ri"Is est"te ,pon her /e"th in
1&!2% +00or/in#l7, P"storIs res"le in 2"$or o2 +l8erto
0o,l/ onl7 8e $"li/ with respe0t to P"storIs 1)2
0on<,#"l sh"re "n/ 1)' here/it"r7 sh"re "s heir o2
:"ri"% The re1"inin# 1)' sho,l/ #o to P"storIs 0o-
heirs, the pri$"te respon/ents herein%G
3C: C+ /e0ision "Or1e/ "n/ 1o/iFe/: E("* the 2or1er 1)& sh"re o2
Pel"#i" in Lots 4o% !180 "n/ !080 whi0h she sol/ to P"stor sho,l/
8e tre"te/ "s P"storIs e?0l,si$e propert7 whi0h sho,l/ now pert"in
to the 3po,ses 3"l$"/or, his s,00essors-in-interestL "n/ (8* the
11
2! | p"#e
2or1er 1)& sh"re o2 Pro0opio in 8oth lots sho,l/ 8e /i$i/e/ "s
2ollows: 6)' (P"storIs 1)2 0on<,#"l sh"re "n/ 1)' "s his sh"re "s
:"ri"Is heir* 2or the spo,ses +l8erto "n/ Elpi" Y"8o, "n/ 1)' (the
sh"re o2 :"ri"Is 0oll"ter"l rel"ti$es "s :"ri"Is heirs* 2or the pri$"te
respon/ents, in0l,/in# +l8erto "n/ Nose Y"8o%G
EIn s,1, Lots 4os% !180 "ni/ !080 sho,l/ 8e p"rtitione/ "s 2ollows:
1)& or ')6! Z to 9,"/en0i" Y"8oIs heirs or
s,00essors-in-interestL
6)' o2 1)& or 6)6! Z to the spo,ses +l8erto "n/
Elpin" Y"8oL
8)6! Z to the pri$"te respon/ents, in0l,/in# Nose
Y"8, or his heirsL
21)6! Z to the 3po,ses 3"l$"/or "s s,00essors-in-
interest o2 P"stor :">i8"lo%G
E+n/ let this 0"se 8e 2orthwith re1"n/e/ to the 0o,rt " A,o 2or
2,rther pro0ee/in#s on the p"rtition o2 Lots 4os% !180 "n/ !080 in
0on2or1it7 with this /e0ision%G
A##e,"t!n
s t9"t
D"st!r
M"?b"#!
9"d t!
pr!5e3
Dr!!: A e5dence "s
:!und by t9e RT'3
Fndn,s !: t9e '!urt !:
Appe"#s3
Je w"s
1"rrie/ to
:"ri" Y"8o
who /ie/
on 1;
:"r0h
1&!2%
Spon :"ri" Y"8o=s
/e"th, 87 $irt,e o2
+rti0le 1001 4CC, the
0hil/ren o2 her 8rothers
"n/ sisters sho,l/ h"$e
inherite/ )& o2 8oth
lots "n/ 1)' o2 Lot
!080, howe$er, the7
h"$e lost their ri#hts
thereto 87 l"0hes 2or
their in"0tion 2or " $er7
lon# perio/ "n/ their
ri#hts h"$e 8e0o1e
st"le%
P"stor :">i8"lo who
h"/ 8een in possession
o2 the whole o2 the 8
Spon the /e"th o2 :"ri",
1)2 o2 her sh"re in Lots
!080 "n/ !180 "n/ 1)2 o2
her 0on<,#"l sh"re in the
portions 8o,#ht 2ro1
B"sili.", Ti0tori"no, Nose,
Lope, Pel"#i" "n/ Hr"n0is0"
sho,l/ #o to the 0hil/ren o2
her 8rothers "n/ sisters in
"00or/"n0e with +rti0le
1001 4CC%
XX:"r 1;, 1&!2 (:"ri"
Y"8o=s /e"th* ,pto O0t 8,
1&;!, when " 0"se 2or
p"rtition w"s Fle/ [ 1'
7e"rs
-\ wo,l/ not s,O0e to
sh"res in 8oth Lots
!080 "n/ !180,
en<o7in# the 2r,its
thereo2 e?0l,si$el7,
,ninterr,pte/l7,
p,8li0l7, pe"0e2,ll7,
"n/ 0ontin,o,sl7 2ro1
the /e"th o2 his wi2e ,p
to the Flin# o2 the
0o1pl"int on O0t% 8,
1&;!, or 2or 1' 7rs, h"/
"0A,ire/ title to the
whole o2 the 8 sh"res
in Lot !080 "n/ ;
sh"res in Lot !180 (the
sh"re o2 Pro0opio in Lot
!180 h"/ 8een sol/
8"0> to +l8erto Y"8o*
est"8lish l"0hes or
pres0ription% Spon the
/e"th o2 :"ri", P"stor
:">i8"lo, "ppell"nts "n/
the other 0hil/ren o2 :"ri"=s
8rothers "n/ sisters, 87
oper"tion o2 l"w 8e0o1e 0o-
owners o2 the 1)& sh"re o2
:"ri" "s heir o2 her 2"ther
+lipio "n/ the 0on<,#"l
sh"re o2 :"ri" in the
portions "0A,ire/ 2ro1
B"sili.", Ti0tori"no, Nose,
Lope, Pel"#i" "n/ Hr"n0is0"%
Ti1e "lone is not " /e0isi$e
2"0tor%
P"stor :">i8"lo is "n ,n0le
in-l"w o2 "ppell"nts% In o,r
0,lt,re, " /e1"n/ 87 "n
heir or heirs 2or p"rtition
i11e/i"tel7 ,pon the /e"th
o2 " rel"ti$e is 1ore o2ten
t">en not "s " le#iti1"te
"ssertion o2 " ri#ht 8,t o2
so1ethin# else, li>e #ree/%
It 1,st "lso 8e note/ th"t
the spo,ses 3"l$"/or,
P"stor :">i8"lo "n/ :"ri",
were 0hil/less "n/,
there2ore, "ppell"nts "n/
the other 0hil/ren o2 the
8rothers "n/ sisters o2 :"ri"
1,st h"$e 2elt th"t "t "n7
r"te the propert7 wo,l/ #o
to the1 in the 0o,rse o2
ti1e% This pro8"8l7 e?pl"ins
wh7 "ppell"nts st"rte/
"ssertin# their ri#ht o$er
the propert7 onl7 "2ter
P"stor :">i8"lo sol/ it to
the spo,ses 3"l$"/or%
Besi/es, 8e2ore the
/e$elop1ent o2 4orthern
12
2! | p"#e
:in/"n"o, "n/ e$en in 1&!2
when :"ri" /ie/, 0o18ine/
"re" o2 ,086 1
2
were not
th"t $"l,"8le% Th,s, e"0h
heir sol/ his other sh"re
onl7 2or P110%00%
In +,#,st
1&'&, Nose
"n/
Ti0tori"no,
sol/ their
sh"res to
Pe/ro
E8"r"t,
"n/ in
1&2
E8"r"t sol/
8oth
sh"res to
P"stor
:">i8"lo%
E8"r"t
e?e0,te/
"n +O/"$it
o2 B"i$er
"n/
M,it0l"i1
/"te/ :"7
60, 1&!& in
2"$or o2
P"stor%
P"stor :">i8"lo h"/
8een in possession o2
Nose Y"8oIs sh"re sin0e
1&'& "2ter p,r0h"sin#
it 2ro1 E8"r"t, "n/ h"s
8een in possession ,p
to 3ept 2!, 1&;8 when
he sol/ it to the
spo,ses E,lo#io
3"l$"/or "n/ Re1e/ios
3"l$"/or, who "re now
in possession o2 the
s"1e%
E?h% + 5 e$i/en0e o2
s"le o2 Ti0tori"no
Y"8oIs sh"re to E8"r"t
w"s i/entiFe/ 87
E8"r"t who testiFe/
th"t he sol/ it to P"stor
:">i8"lo in 1&1% E?h%
+ is "n "n0ient
/o0,1ent Z 1&'&
when the /o0,1ent
0"1e to e?isten0e ,p
to now is 1ore th"n 60
7e"rs, "n/ the
/o0,1ent h"/ 8een in
the possession o2
P"stor :">i8"lo, then
Re1e/ios 3"l$"/or
who h"/ interest in its
preser$"tion%
N"n 1!
1&1- heirs
o2 Lope
Y"8o sol/
LopeIs
On the sh"res o2 Lope
Y"8o, it w"s sol/ 87 his
s,r$i$in# spo,se N,"n"
Le#"spi, "n/ his
0hil/ren Hiloteo,
sh"res to
-o1in"/or
C"no1on,
who in
t,rn, sol/
the s"1e
to P"stor%
C"no1on
e?e0,te/
"n +O/"$it
o2 B"i$er
"n/
M,it0l"i1
in 2"$or o2
P"stor%
+n/res", No$it",
Boni2"0io, "n/ R,n/ino
2or P10%00 on N"n 1!,
1&1 to -o1in"/or
Cono1on (E?h% C "n/
C-1*, who in t,rn sol/ it
to P"stor :">i8"lo in
1&2, e?e0,tin# "
2or1"l -ee/ o2 B"i$er
"n/ M,it0l"i1 on :"7
60, 1&!& (E?h% -*%
E?h% C is "n "n0ient
/o0,1ent, 8ein# 1ore
th"n 60 7rs ol/ "n/ h"s
8een in the possession
o2 P"stor :">i8"lo "n/
then the spo,ses
3"l$"/or Z who h"/ "n
interest in its
preser$"tion% The 0l"i1
o2 Hiloteo Y"8o th"t the
si#n"t,res "ppe"rin# in
E?h% C "re not his "n/
those o2 his 8rothers
"n/ sisters "re o2 no
"$"il, 2or i2 the7 were
not the ones who
"O?e/ those
si#n"t,res "n/ so the7
/i/ not sell the sh"res
o2 their 2"ther Lope
Y"8o, wh7 /i/ the7 not
then t">e possession o2
s"i/ sh"res Z the7
re1"ine/ silent 2ro1
1&1 to 3ept 1!, 1&;!
" perio/ o2 2 7e"rs%
The7 "re now estoppe/
87 l"0hes%
P"stor
:">i8"lo
p,r0h"se/
the sh"res
There is no e$i/en0e
presente/ to eDe0ti$el7
re8,t the testi1on7 o2
P"stor :">i8"lo th"t he
13
2! | p"#e
o2 B"seli."
in 1&'2, o2
Pro0opio in
1&;, o2
Hr"n0is0"
in 1&8,
"n/ o2
Pel"#i" in
1&!;% The
onl7 sh"re
he /i/ not
8,7 w"s
th"t o2
9",/en0i"%
+2ter e$er7
p,r0h"se,
he too>
possession
o2 the
portions
8o,#ht "n/
h"r$este/
the
pro/,0ts
thereo2%
"0A,ire/ the sh"res o2
B"seli." Y"8o in 1&'2
87 0h"n#in# it with "
8,D"loL th"t he 8o,#ht
the sh"res o2 Hr"n0is0"
Y"8o in 1&8 "n/ th"t
he 8o,#ht the sh"res o2
Pel"#i" Y"8o in 1&!;%
P"stor :">i8"lo h"/
8een in possession o2
these sh"res 2ro1 the
ti1e he "0A,ire/ the1,
0ontin,o,sl7,
"/$ersel7, openl7, "n/
pe"0e2,ll7, "s owner ,p
to the ti1e he sol/ his
ri#hts "n/ interest
therein to the spo,ses
3"l$"/or% The heirs o2
B"seli.", Hr"n0is0" "n/
Pel"#i" h"$e not t">en
"n7 step to prote0t
their ri#hts o$er those
sh"res 2or o$er '0 7rs
in the 0"se o2
B"seli."Is sh"re, 2or
"8o,t 20 7rs in the
0"se o2 Hr"n0is0"Is
sh"re, "n/ 2or 1ore
th"n 10 7rs in the 0"se
o2 Pel"#i"Is sh"re%
L"0hes, li>ewise h"s
ren/ere/ their ri#hts
st"le%
:"r 10,
1&!! -
P"stor sol/
8"0> to
+l8erto "
portion o2
Lot 4o%
!180
whi0h w"s
There is nothin# to
show th"t P"stor
:">i8"lo "lso sol/ 8"0>
Pro0opioIs sh"re in Lot
!080%
E?hi8its 1 "n/ 2 0o$er onl7
!180% In other wor/s,
E?hi8its 1 "n/ 2 0on$e7e/
8"0> to +l8erto Y"8o onl7
!180%
There is in/ee/ no e$i/en0e
th"t P"stor :">i8"lo "lso
2or1erl7
the sh"re
o2 +l8ertoIs
2"ther,
Pro0opio%
sol/ 8"0> to +l8erto, his
2"ther Pro0opioIs sh"re in
Lot !080%
B,t 2ro1 the e$i/en0e it
"ppe"rs th"t Pro0opio ne$er
sol/ his sh"re in Lot !080 to
P"stor :">i8"lo% 3o there
w"s no nee/ to 0on$e7 8"0>
!080%
This 2"0t is e$i/ent 2ro1 the
+O/"$it o2 ConFr1"tion o2
3"le (E?h% :* /"te/ +pril 22,
1&;0 e?e0,te/ 87 +l8erto% +
loo> "t E?h% :, p"rti0,l"rl7
p"r% 6 thereo2, re$e"ls th"t
+l8erto 1erel7
"0>nowle/#e/ or 0onFr1e/
the s"le o2 his 2"therIs sh"re
to P"stor :">i8"lo in Lot
!180% In eDe0t, it "t the
s"1e ti1e pro$es th"t Lot
!080 w"s ne$er sol/ 87
Pro0opio to P"stor :">i8"loL
otherwise, it wo,l/ h"$e
8een in0l,/e/ in the
+O/"$it o2 ConFr1"tion o2
3"le% The -ee/ o2 +8sol,te
3"le (E?h% 2* s,8seA,entl7
e?e0,te/ 87 P"stor :">i8"lo
in 2"$or o2 +l8erto on +pril
26, 1&;0, 2,rther pro$es this
point, sin0e +l8erto 1erel7
8o,#ht 8"0> wh"t w"s
pre$io,sl7 sol/, his 2"therIs
sh"re in Lot !180%

/@. Hers !: Rest"r G5s)Hers !: 'c9!n HD"n"
4o$e18er 20, 200L P: C"rpio-:or"les
FA'TS3
1% E1ilio Rest"r owns " ,&18 sA1 l"n/ in +>l"n
Je h"s 8 0hil/ren:
14
2! | p"#e
i% F#!res Rest"r (/e"/*
ii% D!#!res Rest"r)'c9!n (/e"/* -------heirs "s
0o-pl"intiDs)/e2en/"nts
iii% Perpet," Rest"r-3t"% :"ri" (/e"/* -------heirs "s
0o-pl"intiDs)/e2en/"nts
i$% P"0ien0i" Rest"r-:"n"res (pl"intiD*
$% -o1ini0" Rest"r-Relo<ero (pl"intiD*
$i% Poli0"rpio Rest"r
$ii% :"ri" Rose Rest"r (/e"/* -------heirs "s 0o-
pl"intiDs)/e2en/"nts
$iii% +/ol2o Rest"r
2% In 1&6, E1ilio /ie/ intest"te
- 3in0e then, Hlores (the el/est son* too> o$er the
l"n/
- Je #"$e his si8lin#s the sh"res o2 p"l"7
h"r$este/ 2ro1 the l"n/ (,p to 1&&1*]
6% In 1&', the l"n/s owne/ 87 E1ilio ("si/e 2ro1 s,8<e0t l"n/*
were /i$i/e/ "1on# the si8lin#s
'% In 1&!0, Hlores e?e0,te/ " <oint "O/"$it to h"$e:
"% the t"? /e0l"r"tion ,n/er E1ilio to 8e 0"n0elle/
8% The t"? /e0l"r"tion 8e iss,e/ ,n/er his n"1e
% In 1&8&, Hlores /ie/
!% In 1&&8, the pl"intiDs /is0o$ere/ the 0h"n#e in the t"?
/e0l"r"tions
;% In 1&&&, the pl"intiDs Fle/ " 0"se "#"inst the heirs o2 Hlores
2or Ep"rtition Po2 the lotQ, /e0l"r"tion o2 n,llit7 o2 /o0,1ents,
ownership with /"1"#es "n/ preli1in"r7 in<,n0tionG
The7 0onten/ th"t:
o +2ter Hlores= /e"th, his heirs were onl7 "llowe/ to
st"7 in the l"n/ ,ntil "ll o2 his 0hil/ren h"s Fnishe/
st,/7in#
o The7 h"$e E"#ree/G th"t the lot will 8e p"rtitione/
to the 8 si8lin#s there"2ter
Jeirs o2 Hlores "r#,e/ th"t:
o The7 h"$e 8een in possession o2 the lot 2or 1ore
th"n 60 7e"rs
o B7 1&;;, "ll o2 the 0hil/ren were "lre"/7 /one with
their st,/ies
o The7 h"$e 8een p"7in# the re"l est"te t"?es sin0e
ti1e i11e1ori"l
8% RTC-+>l"n r,le/ in 2"$or o2 Hlores= heirs:
there w"s rep,/i"tion o2 0o-ownership
lot "0A,ire/ 87 pres0ription
&% C+ re$erse/ the RTC /e0ision
- The possession w"s /,rin# the e?isten0e o2 0o-
ownership
- no "/eA,"te noti0e 87 Hlores to his other 0o-
heirs)0o-owners o2 the rep,/i"tion o2 the 0o-
ownership
- no 0"te#ori0"l "ssertion 87 the /e2en/"nts o2 their
e?0l,si$e ri#ht to the entire lot th"t 8"rre/ the
pl"intiDsI 0l"i1 o2 ownership%
ISSUE3 C"n there 8e pres0ription o2 the "0tion to /e1"n/ p"rtition
o2 " 0o-owne/ propert7C
HELD3 9ener"ll7, this is not "llowe/, E^CEPT i2 there=s " 0le"r
rep,/i"tion o2 the 0o-ownership "n/ the 0o-owners were "pprise/ o2
the 0l"i1 o2 "/$erse "n/ e?0l,si$e ownership
!Petition $ranted!
RULIN&3
1% N,rispr,/en0e "llows " 0o-owner to "0A,ire ownership 87
pres0ription o2 " 0o-owne/ propert7% (0"ses not /is0,sse/*
="hile the action to deand partition of a co!
owned property does not prescribe, a co!owner ay
ac0uire ownership thereof by prescription where
there e>ists a clear repudiation of the co-
ownership, and the co-owners are apprised of
the claim of adverse and e!clusive ownership.:
ReA,isites:
"% Cle"r Rep,/i"tion o2 Co-Ownership
8% Co-owners "pprise/ o2 the 0l"i1 o2 "/$erse "n/
e?0l,si$e ownership
2 t7pes o2 "0A,isiti$e pres0ription:
". ?rdinary: possession o2 thin#s in #oo/ 2"ith "n/ with
<,st title 2or " perio/ o2 ten 7e"rs
b. ;>traordinary: (4o #oo/ 2"ith "n/ N,st title* -
unnterrupted "d5erse p!ssess!n :!r t9rty
ye"rs
2% There is E?tr"or/in"r7 Pres0ription in this 0"se
Hlores too> possession o2 the l"n/ "2ter E1ilio=s
/e"th "n/ e?er0ise/ "0ts o2 /o1inion o$er it
3t"t,tor7 Pres0ription st"rte/ in 1&!0:
15
2! | p"#e
- Hlores "pplie/ 2or " t"? /e0l"r"tion ,n/er his
n"1e, 6t9 net9er tt#e !r ,!!d :"t9
- Jis si8lin#s "re /ee1e/ "w"re o2 it 5 p,8li0
/o0,1ent
+2ter 60 7e"rs o2 possession, Ehis possession
ripene/ into ownership thro,#h "0A,isiti$e
pres0riptionG P +ppl7 +rt% 116;, CCQ
="lores and his heirs had for more than
#$ %ears possessed the land in open
adverse and continuous possession in
the concept of owner @ which length of
possession had never been 0uestioned,
rebutted or disputed by any of respondents,
being thus duly supported by substantial
evidence, he and his heirs have becoe
owner of the lot by e>traordinary
prescription.:
Other e$i/en0e: T"? /e0l"r"tions "n/ re0eipts, when
0o,ple/ with "0t,"l possession, 0"n 8e the 8"sis o2 "
0l"i1 o2 ownership thro,#h pres0ription
6% Hlores 0o11itte/ "0ts showin# "/$erse possession to his
0o-heirs:
C"n0ell"tion o2 the t"? /e0l"r"tion 0ertiF0"te in the
n"1e o2 E1ilio "n/ se0,rin# "nother in his n"1eL
E?e0,tion o2 " Noint +O/"$it st"tin# th"t he is the
owner "n/ possessor thereo2 to the e?0l,sion o2
respon/entsL
P"71ent o2 re"l est"te t"? "n/ irri#"tion 2ees witho,t
respon/ents h"$in# e$er 0ontri8,te/ "n7 sh"re
thereinL
Contin,e/ en<o71ent o2 the propert7 "n/ its pro/,0e
to the e?0l,sion o2 respon/ents
XXAloresB adverse possession was continued by his
heirs.
C+3E3 :E4TIO4E-: 4o 0"se w"s /ire0tl7 1entione/
L+B3 +PPLIE-:
A. '!)!6ners9p
ART. 010. 4o 0o-owner sh"ll 8e o8li#e/ to re1"in in
the 0o-ownership% E"0h 0o-owner 1"7 /e1"n/ "t
"n7 ti1e the p"rtition o2 the thin# owne/ in 0o11on,
inso2"r "s his sh"re is 0on0erne/%
? ? ?
4o pres0ription sh"ll r,n in 2"$or o2 " 0o-owner or 0o-
heir "#"inst his 0o-owners or 0o-heirs so lon# "s he
e?pressl7 or i1plie/l7 re0o#ni.es the 0o-ownership%
C. Ac>ust5e Drescrpt!n
ART. ---F% +0A,isiti$e pres0ription o2 /o1inion
"n/ other re"l ri#hts 1"7 8e or/in"r7 or
e?tr"or/in"r7%
Or/in"r7 "0A,isiti$e pres0ription reA,ires
possession o2 thin#s in #oo/ 2"ith "n/ with <,st title
2or the ti1e F?e/ 87 l"w%

ART. --30. Ownership "n/ other re"l ri#hts o$er
i11o$"8le propert7 "re "0A,ire/ 87 or/in"r7
pres0ription thro,#h possession o2 ten 7e"rs%

ART. --3F. Ownership "n/ other re"l ri#hts o$er
i11o$"8les "lso pres0ri8e thro,#h ,ninterr,pte/
"/$erse possession thereo2 2or thirt7 7e"rs, witho,t
nee/ o2 title or o2 #oo/ 2"ith%
/3. AN&ELA I. TUASON, p#"ntE)"ppe##"nt, 5s. ANTONIO
TUASON, (R., "nd &RE&ORIO ARANETA, IN'., de:end"nts)
"ppe##ees. &.R. N!. L)30.0 Apr# @, -15-
22 D9# 0@2 M!nte$"y!r
FA'TS3
In 1&'1 the sisters +n#el" I% T,"son "n/ 4ie$es T,"son /e
B"rreto "n/ their 8rother +ntonio T,"son Nr%, hel/ " p"r0el o2
l"n/ with "n "re" o2 !',&28%! sA% 1% 0o$ere/ 87 CertiF0"te o2
Title 4o% !0&11 in 3"1p"lo0, :"nil", in 0o11on, e"0h ownin#
"n ,n/i$i/e/ 1)6 portion
4ie$es w"nte/ "n/ "s>e/ 2or " p"rtition o2 the 0o11on
propert7, 8,t 2"ilin# in this, she oDere/ to sell her 1)6 portion%
The sh"re o2 4ie$es w"s oDere/ 2or s"le to her sister, 8rother
"n/ 1other 8,t "ll /e0line/ to 8,7 it% Hin"ll7, the sh"re o2
4ie$es w"s sol/ to 9re#orio +r"net" In0%, " /o1esti0
0orpor"tion, "n/ " new CertiF0"te o2 Title 4o% !1;21 w"s iss,e/
in lie, o2 the ol/ title 4o% !0&11 0o$erin# the s"1e propert7%
The three owners "#ree/ to h"$e the whole p"r0el s,8/i$i/e/
into s1"ll lots "n/ sol/ with the pro0ee/s to 8e /i$i/e/ "1on#
the1% The7 re0or/e/ it in " :e1or"n/,1 o2 +#ree1ent in N,ne
60, 1&'1%
16
2! | p"#e
Be2ore, /,rin# "n/ "2ter the e?e0,tion o2 this 0ontr"0t (E?h% !*,
+tt7% N% +ntonio +r"net" w"s "0tin# "s the "ttorne7-in-2"0t "n/
l"w7er o2 the two 0o-owners, +n#el" I% T,"son "n/ her 8rother
+ntonio T,"son Nr% +t the s"1e ti1e he w"s " 1e18er o2 the
Bo"r/ o2 -ire0tor o2 the thir/ 0o-owner, +r"net", In0
In the 0ontr"0t: The three 0o-owners "#ree/ to i1pro$e the
propert7 87 Fllin# it "n/ 0onstr,0tin# ro"/s "n/ 0,r8s on the
s"1e "n/ then s,8/i$i/e it into s1"ll lots 2or s"le% +r"net" In0%
wo,l/ Fn"n0e the /e$elop1ent , w"s ",thori.e/ to sell, p"7
t"?es, e?penses, "n/ 2,rnish 0opies to +n#el" "n/ +ntonio% In
e?0h"n#e, +r"net" In0 wo,l/ re0ei$e/ 0 o2 #ross sellin# pri0e,
rents, "n/ the other 0_ to 8e /i$i/e/ 8etween the three 0o-
owners or 1!%66_ o2 #ross re0eipts%
o P"r & The 0ontr"0t sh"ll re1"in in 2,ll 2or0e "n/ eDe0t
/,rin# "ll the ti1e th"t it 1"7 8e ne0ess"r7 2or the
P+RTY OH TJE 3ECO4- P+RT ("r"net"* to 2,ll7 sell the
s"i/ propert7 in s1"ll "n/ s,8/i$i/e/ lots, to 0olle0t
pri0es, "n/ i2 no s"le, then rent%
o P"r 11 P+RTY OH TJE 3ECO4- P+RT (1e"nin# +r"net"
In0%* is here87 #i$en 2,ll power "n/ ",thorit7 to si#n 2or
"n/ in 8eh"l2 o2 "ll the s"i/ 0o-owners o2 s"i/ propert7
"ll 0ontr"0ts o2 s"le "n/ /ee/s o2 s"le, "n/ 0"n /ele#"te
powers to "n7 e1plo7ees, 6
r/
persons
o P"r 1 4o 0o-owner o2 the propert7 s,8<e0t-1"tter o2 this
0ontr"0t sh"ll sell, "lien"te or /ispose o2 his ownership,
interest or p"rti0ip"tion therein witho,t Frst #i$in#
pre2eren0e to the other 0o-owners to p,r0h"se "n/
"0A,ire the s"1e ,n/er the s"1e ter1s "n/ 0on/itions
"s those oDere/ 87 "n7 other prospe0ti$e p,r0h"ser%
3ho,l/ none o2 the 0o-owners o2 the propert7 s,8<e0t-
1"tter o2 this 0ontr"0t e?er0ise the s"i/ pre2eren0e to
"0A,ire or p,r0h"se the s"1e, then s,0h s"le to " thir/
p"rt7 sh"ll 8e 1"/e s,8<e0t to "ll the 0on/itions, ter1s,
"n/ /ispositions o2 this 0ontr"0tL pro$i/e/, the P+RTIE3
OH TJE HIR3T P+RT (1e"nin# +n#el" "n/ +ntonio* sh"ll
8e 8o,n/ 87 this 0ontr"0t "s lon# "s the P+RTY OH TJE
3ECO4- P+RT, n"1el7, the 9RE9ORIO +R+4ET+, I4C% is
0ontrolle/ 87 the 1e18ers o2 the +r"net" 2"1il7, who
"re sto0>hol/ers o2 the s"i/ 0orpor"tion "t the ti1e o2
the si#nin# o2 this 0ontr"0t "n/)or their l"w2,l heirs%
On 3epte18er 1!, 1&'', +n#el" I% T,"son re$o>e/ the powers
0on2erre/ on her "ttorne7-in-2"0t "n/ l"w7er, N% +ntonio +r"net"%
In O0to8er 1&, 1&'!, +n#el" notiFe/ +r"net", In0% th"t 8e0",se
o2 "lle#e/ 8re"0h o2 the ter1s o2 the K:e1or"n/,1 o2
+#ree1entK "n/ "8,se o2 powers #r"nte/ she h"/ /e0i/e/ to
res0in/ s"i/ 0ontr"0t "n/ she "s>e/ 2or p"rtition o2 the propert7%
The s,it w"s Fle/ Frst "#"inst +r"net" 8,t sin0e +ntonio T,"son
w"s not in 2"$o,r with the s,it "n/ 2or th"t p,rpose <oine/
+r"net" "s 0o-/e2en/"nt%
Tri"l Co,rt -is1isse/ the 0o1pl"int% +n#el" T,"son "ppe"le/%
+n#el" T,"son "s>e/ to res0in/ the 0ontr"0t (E?h !*, or /e0l"re
it n,ll "n/ $oi/% 3he "lle#e/ th"t she w"s tri0>e/ into si#nin# it,
not >nowin# it w"s 2"$o,r"8le to +r"net"% 3he tho,#ht it (E?h%
!* w"s si1il"r to "nother 0ontr"0t she si#ne/ with +r"net" In0
(e?hi8it L*% 3he "lle#e/ +r"net" w"s /isA,"liFe/ to 8e her le#"l
"/$isor "s he w"s "n oO0er "t +r"net" In0 "n/ th"t there w"s "
$iol"tion when +r"net" 2"ile/ to 2,rnish 0opies o2 pl"ns, pri0es,
"n/ 0on/itions "n/ 2or not 1">in# the i1pro$e1ents, "n/ not
/eli$erin# her sh"re in rents)proFts%
ISSUE3
1% Bhether or not the 0ontr"0t 8etween T,"son "n/ +r"net" In0 is
n,ll "n/ $oi/C 4O%
2% Bhether or not 9re#orio +r"net" In0 $iol"te/ the 0ontr"0t 87 "*
2"ilin# to 1">e the i1pro$e1ents "n/ 8* 2"ilin# to /eli$er 0opies o2
/o0,1ents "n/ "1o,nts /,e to T,"sonC 4O, 4O%
6% Bhether or not T,"son 0"n res0in/ the 0ontr"0tC 4O%
HELD3
-. T9e c!ntr"ct s 5"#d "nd bndn,.
Petitioner "r#,es th"t its stip,l"tions "re prohi8ite/ ,n/er +rt '00
o2 the Ci$il Co/e% Th 3C hol/ th"t the pro$ision o2 +rt '00 "re not
"ppli0"8le% The 0ontr"0t=s p,rpose "n/ o8<e0t is /issol,tion o2 the
0o-ownership "n/ o2 the 0o11,nit7 87 sellin# the p"r0el hel/ in
0o11on "n/ /i$i/in# the pro0ee/s o2 the s"le "1on# the 0o-
owners%
EThe o8li#"tion i1pose/ in the 0ontr"0t to preser$e the 0o-
ownership ,ntil "ll the lots sh"ll h"$e 8een sol/, is " 1ere in0i/ent
to the 1"in o8<e0t o2 /issol$in# the 0o-owners% B7 $irt,e o2 the
/o0,1ent E?h% !, the p"rties thereto pr"0ti0"ll7 "n/ s,8st"nti"ll7
entere/ into " 0ontr"0t o2 p"rtnership "s the 8est "n/ 1ost
e?pe/ient 1e"ns o2 e$ent,"ll7 /issol$in# the 0o-ownership, the li2e
o2 s"i/ p"rtnership to en/ when the o8<e0t o2 its 0re"tion sh"ll h"$e
8een "tt"ine/%G
17
2! | p"#e
@. N! 5!#"t!n 6"s c!$$tted.
"* 2"ilin# to 1">e the i1pro$e1ents
9re#orio +r"net", In0orpor"te/ h"s s,8st"nti"ll7 0o1plie/ with
o8li#"tion i1pose/ 87 the 0ontr"0t e?hi8it ! in its p"r"#r"ph 1, "n/
th"t 2or i1pro$e1ents "lone, it h"s /is8,rse/ the "1o,nt o2
P11;,1!;%0&% It h"s li>ewise p"i/ t"?es, 0o11issions "n/ other
e?penses in0i/ent"l to its o8li#"tions "s /enie/ in the "#ree1ent%
8* 2"ilin# to /eli$er 0opies o2 /o0,1ents "n/ "1o,nts /,e
The pl"intiD=s 0l"i1 h"s no 8"sis% EThe e$i/en0e shows th"t the
/e2en/"nt 0orpor"tion s,81itte/ to the pl"intiD perio/i0"ll7 "ll the
/"t" rel"ti$e to pri0es "n/ 0on/itions o2 the s"le o2 the s,8/i$i/e/
lots, to#ether with the "1o,nt 0orrespon/in# to her% B,t witho,t
"n7 <,stiF"8le re"son, she re2,se/ to "00ept the1% Bith the
in/iDerent "ttit,/e "/opte/ 87 the pl"intiD, it w"s tho,#ht ,seless
2or 9re#orio +r"net", In0orpor"te/ to 0ontin,e sen/in# her
st"te1ent o2 "00o,nts, 0he0>s "n/ other thin#s% 3he h"/ shown on
$"rio,s o00"sions th"t she /i/ not w"nt to h"$e "n7 2,rther
/e"lin#s with the s"i/ 0orpor"tion% 3o, i2 the /e2en/"nt 0orpor"tion
pro0ee/e/ with the s"le o2 the s,8/i$i/e/ lots witho,t the "ppro$"l
o2 the pl"intiD, it w"s 8e0",se it w"s ,n/er the 0orre0t i1pression
th"t ,n/er the 0ontr"0t e?hi8it ! the /e0ision o2 the 1"<orit7 0o-
owners is 8in/in# ,pon "ll the three%G
3. N!, t9e c!ntr"ct c"nn!t be rescnded. +s no $iol"tions were
0o11itte/ "n/ i2 "n7 were 0o11itte/ s,0h were 1inor% In whi0h
0"se Kre0ission will not 8e per1itte/ 2or " sli#ht or 0"s,"l 8re"0h o2
the 0ontr"0t, 8,t onl7 2or s,0h 8re"0hes "s "re so s,8st"nti"l "n/
2,n/"1ent"l "s to /e2e"t the o8<e0t o2 the p"rties in 1">in# the
"#ree1entK
LAKS 'ITED3
+rt% '00 o2 the Ci$il Co/e
+RT% '00% 4o 0o-owner sh"ll 8e o8li#e/ to re1"in " p"rt7 to the
0o11,nit7% E"0h 1"7, "t "n7 ti1e, /e1"n/ the p"rtition o2 the
thin# hel/ in 0o11on%
4e$ertheless, "n "#ree1ent to >eep the thin# ,n/i$i/e/ 2or "
spe0iFe/ len#th o2 ti1e, not e?0ee/in# ten 7e"rs, sh"ll 8e $"li/%
This perio/ 1"7 8e " new "#ree1ent%
!'% Teyen,c! 5s. Sdec!)H"ute"
&.R. N!. L)-F@10 N!5e$ber @1, -1/5
RE9+L+, N%:
F"cts3
Con0hit" 37/e0o-J",te", :"r7 37/e0o /e T"7en#0o, R"1on
:ilit"nte "n/ his 0hil/ren ("s heirs o2 Ros"rio 37/e0o-
:ilit"nte*, C, Bie ("s heir o2 Cipri"no 37/e0o* "n/ 3"l$"0ion
37/e0o-T"7en#0o own in 0o11on "n/ in eA,"l sh"res " 22
sA,"re 1eters pie0e o2 l"n/ in Iloilo% (TCT 4o% 1&&'*
1&' - 3"l$"0ion Fle/ in the CHI o2 Iloilo "n "0tion 2or
p"rtition, n"1in# "s /e2en/"nts her 0o-owners "n/ " 0ert"in
:"r"in/"s T% :"l$"ni, who, it w"s "lle#e/, w"s in possession
o2 the l"n/ "s well "s o2 the ho,se "n/ 8,il/in# thereon%
+2ter the "nswers h"/ 8een Fle/, the p"rties s,81itte/ to
the 0o,rt "n K+#ree1entK in whi0h the7 "s>e/ th"t the lot in
A,estion 8e sol/ K"t p,8li0 ",0tion "n/ to the hi#hest 8i//er
2or 0"shK "n/ th"t the pro0ee/s 8e /i$i/e/ "1on# the 0o-
owners%
N,l7 11, 1& - the 0o,rt "ppro$e/ the K+#ree1entK o2 the
p"rties "n/ /ire0te/ the sheriD to pro0ee/ with the p,8li0
",0tion "n/ "w"r/ the l"n/ to the hi#est 8i//er, e?0l,/in#,
howe$er the resi/enti"l ho,se "n/ 0o11er0i"l 8,il/in#
0onstr,0te/ on the #ro,n/%
4et pro0ee/s o2 s,0h s"le, "2ter e?penses "n/ 0osts p"i/ "s
well "s the 1ill"#e o2 the l"n/, will 8e /i$i/e/ "1on# the
0o-owners "s 2ollows:
3"l$"0ion 37/e0o-T"7en#0o, one F2th sh"reL
:"r7 37/e0o T/"% /e T"7en#0o, one F2th sh"reL
Jeirs o2 the /e0e"se/ Ros"rio 37/e0o /e :ilit"nte, one F2th sh"re
Con0hit" 37/e0o-J",te", one F2th sh"reL "n/
To C, Bie "s heir o2 the /e0e"se/ Cipri"no 37/e0o, one F2th sh"re%
4oti0e w"s #i$en th"t the lot wo,l/ 8e sol/ "t p,8li0 ",0tion
in the oO0e o2 the sheriD "t 10 "%1% on +,#,st 10, 1&%
Hirst 8i//er w"s :r% Nose J",te" who oDere/ the pri0e o2
11,20% The pri0e went ,p to '0,00 oDere/ 87 Con0hit"
37/e0"r J",te"% Jowe$er, when the sheriD /e1"n/e/ the
p"71ent the7 0o,l/ not p"7 in 2,ll%
+ new 8i//in# h"ppene/ "t 6 p1 wherein Ro8ert Tirol 0"1e
o,t "s the hi#hest 8i//er 2or the pri0e o2 12,000 "n "1o,nt
th"t w"s p"i/ on the spot "n/ where " re0eipt w"s iss,e/ 87
the 3heriD%
3"l$"0ion "s>e/ the 0o,rt to 0onFr1 the s"le to Ro8erto J%
Tirol, /i$i/e the pro0ee/s "1on# the 0o-owners "n/ "w"r/
to her the s,1 o2 P,!'2%00 "s /"1"#es% (The "1o,nt is
s"i/ to represent the /iDeren0e 8etween wh"t she wo,l/
h"$e re0ei$e/ "s sh"re h"/ the lot 8een sol/ 2or P'0,00%00
"n/ wh"t she wo,l/ "0t,"ll7 re0ei$e "s sh"re in the
18
2! | p"#e
P12,000%00 8i/ o2 Tirol*%
Tirol li>ewise "s>e/ the 0o,rt to 0onFr1 the s"le in his 2"$or
"n/ to or/er the sheriD to e?e0,te in his 2"$or " 0ertiF0"te
o2 s"le "n/ to p"7 hi1 /"1"#es 2or "n7 /el"7% On the other
h"n/, the 2o,r other 0o-owners "s>e/ the 0o,rt to /e0l"re
the lot "s h"$in# 8een sol/ to the1%
X Lower 0o,rt set "si/e the Frst s"le e$en "s it 0onFr1e/ the
se0on/ one to Ro8erto J% Tirol% It "lso or/ere/ Con0hit" "n/ :"r7 to
p"7 3"l$"0ion /"1"#es%
XThe "ppell"te 0o,rt ,phel/ the s"le to Tirol, 8,t 1o/iFe/ the
/e0ision o2 the lower 0o,rt re#"r/in# p"71ent o2 /"1"#es%
Issue3 BO4 p"rtition s"les 8e0o1e $"li/ "n/ 8in/in# onl7 ,pon
0onFr1"tion 87 the 0o,rt so th"t 8e2ore s,0h 0onFr1"tion, the
8i//er "0A,ires no 0ontr"0t ri#ht there,n/er%
He#d3 C+ is 0orre0t% T9e s"#e $ust be ;n"##y c!n;r$ed, :!r
unt# c!n;r$"t!n, t9e bds "re $ere !Eers t! purc9"se, t9e
c!ntr"ct s n!t c!$p#ete, "nd t9ere:!re, t9e purc9"ser
c"nn!t be n de:"u#t t9ereunder 4':. '5# '!de, "rt. -3@/7
Jen0e, i2 the propert7 is resol/ 8e2ore the 0onFr1"tion o2 the Frst
s"le, "n/ the res"le is /,l7 0onFr1e/ 87 the 0o,rt, the ori#in"l
p,r0h"ser is rele"se/ there87 2ro1 2,rther li"8ilit7 ,pon his
p,r0h"se, "n/ 0"nnot 8e hel/ 2or the /eF0ien07 ,pon the res"le%
(60+ +1% N,r%, 3e0% 2;2, 10&*% 3t"t,tor7 re0o#nition o2 this r,le is
2o,n/ in R,le !&, se0tion ! o2 the R,les o2 Co,rt whi0h st"tes th"t
Knone o2 the pro0ee/in#s h"/ 8e2ore the 0o11issioners sh"ll 8e
eDe0t,"l to p"ss the title to the propert7 or 8in/ the p"rties ,ntil
the 0o,rt sh"ll h"$e "00epte/ the report o2 the 0o11issioners "n/
ren/ere/ <,/#1ent in "00or/"n0e with its re0o11en/"tions%K
!% AR'ENAS 5 'IN'O
N!5e$ber @1, -1F/
ANTONIO, J.
&ENERAL FA'TS3
Au,ust --, -1//Zrespon/ent Teo/or" T/"% /e +r0en"s,
wi/ow o2 the /e0e"se/ +l2onso +r0en"s, Fle/ "n "0tion
No$en0io +r0en"s, 4e1esio +0"in @ Ros" -ion#son 2or the
p"rti"l "nn,l1ent o2 0ert"in /ee/s o2 pacto de retro "n/ or
s"le e?e0,te/ 87 her onl7 son, No$en0io +r0en"s, in 2"$or o2
3po,ses 4e1esio +0"in @ Ros" -ion#son inso2"r "s it
en0ro"0he/ ,pon her ri#hts "s 0o-owner%
In "//ition she "lso pr"7e/ 2or the ret,rn to her o2 the
possession o2 the portions o2 the propert7 t">en 2ro1 her 87
/e2en/"nts, the "00o,ntin# 87 /e2en/"nts o2 her sh"re o2
the pro/,0e, "n/ the p"rtition o2 the properties 87 the
se#re#"tion o2 the portion 8elon#in# to her%
Febru"ry @0, -1/FMthe p"rties in the s"i/ 0i$il 0"se
s,81itte/ " K3tip,l"tion o2 H"0tsK
MAIN FA'TS3
1% +l2onso +r0en"s /ie/ intest"te on :"r0h ', 1&!2, le"$in# "s
his heirs his wi2e, Teo/or" T/"% /e +r0en"s, "n/ his onl7 son,
No$en0io +r0en"sL
2% Je le2t to his heirs three (6* re"l properties, n"1el7:
a. < parcel of agricultural land in (abangbang, 7antayan,
(ebu, with an area of CC,,*+ s0uare eters, ore or
lessD
b. < parcel of agricultural land in 'illon, 7antayan, (ebu,
containing an area of -1,EC* s0uare eters, ore or
lessD and
c. a parcel of land in the Poblacion of 7antayan, (ebu,
containing an area of ,E* s0uare eters, ore or lessD
6% The p"r0els o2 l"n/ in C"8"n#8"n# @ 3illon were sol/, with
ri#ht o2 rep,r0h"se, 87 No$en0io +r0en"s to 4e1esio +0"in
"n/ Ros" -ion#son so1eti1e on N,l7 , 1&!6 "n/ N,ne 2!,
1&!6, respe0ti$el7, 6t9!ut t9e ?n!6#ed,e "nd
c!n:!r$ty !: Te!d!r" %d". de Arcen"sB
'% M"rc9 @3, -1//MNo$en0io +r0en"s e?e0,te/ " /ee/ o2
"8sol,te s"le o2 the "#ri0,lt,r"l l"n/ in 3illon in 2"$or o2
4e1esio +0"in @ Ros" -ion#son who pl"nte/ there "8o,t
'00 to 00 0o0on,t trees K1ore or less one 7e"r ol/K "si/e
2ro1 2en0in# the s"i/ p"r0elL
% It w"s s"i/ th"t 2ro1 the /"te o2 the p"0to /e retro s"le
e?e0,te/ 87 No$en0io, Teo/or" T/"% /e +r0en"s h"s not
re0ei$e/ her sh"re o2 the pro/,0e o2 s"i/ propert7L
!% Teo/or" T/"% /e +r0en"s w"i$es her ri#ht to the resi/enti"l
lot in the Po8l"0ion o2 B"nt"7"n in 2"$or o2 her son, No$en0io,
8,t Ksee>s to en2or0e her ri#hts "s heirK on the properties in
C"8"n#8"n# "n/ 3illonL
;% 4ow, No$en0io +r0en"s, 4e1esio +0"in @ Ros" -ion#son
"#ree/K to ret,rn $ol,nt"ril7 the sh"re o2 s"i/ Teo/or" T/"%
/e +r0en"s in the propertiesK sit,"te/ "t C"8"n#8"n# "n/
3illon, B"nt"7"n, Ce8,L
8% +lso, the p"rties "#ree/ Kto p"rtition the propertiesK sit,"te/
in C"8"n#8"n# @ 3illon, Ks,81ittin# 2or the /e0ision o2 the
Co,rt the iss,e in the interpret"tion o2 +rti0le &&!, 4ew Ci$il
Co/e, "s to the sh"re o2 the s,r$i$in# spo,se Teo/or" T/"%
19
2! | p"#e
/e +r0en"sK, "n/ Fn"ll7, "ll the p"rties w"i$e/ "ll their
/e1"n/s K2or "00o,ntin#, rei18,rse1ent o2 i1pro$e1ents
intro/,0e/, "n/ "n7 or "ll 0l"i1s 2or /"1"#es, "ttorne7Is
2ees or 0osts%
DRO'EDURAL FA'TS3
3o, the p"rties s,81itte/ their respe0ti$e 1e1or"n/"%
Teo/or" 0ite/ 'antillon v. 8iranda s"7in# th"t the s,r$i$in#
spo,se is entitle/ to " sh"re eA,i$"lent to one-h"l2 o2 the
est"te, while her son, No$en0io +r0en"s, is entitle/ to the
other h"l2, ,n/er +rti0le &&! o2 the 4ew Ci$il Co/e% On the
other h"n/, the herein petitioners 0l"i1e/ th"t sin0e the
s,r$i$in# spo,se s,r$i$e/ with one le#iti1"te son, she is
entitle/ to onl7 one-2o,rth o2 the entire est"te, while her son
is entitle/ to three-2o,rths%
(une 1, -1/FZthe 0o,rt ren/ere/ <,/#1ent /e0l"rin#
Teo/or", "s Kthe l"w2,l owner in 2ee si1ple o2 "n undivided
one!half sh"re o2 the l"n/ @ /e0l"re/ No$en0io +r0en"s the
e?0l,si$e owner o2 the l"n/ @ or/ere/ /e2en/"nts 4e1esio
+0"in "n/ Ros" -ion#son to /eli$er the ,n/i$i/e/ one-h"l2
portions o2 the two p"r0els o2 l"n/ <,st /es0ri8e/ whi0h
0orrespon/in#l7 pert"in to the s,r$i$in# spo,se, 8,t
erroneo,sl7 0e/e/ 87 the son, No$en0io, to the +0"ins%
It "lso or/ere/ the p"rties to p"rtition the "#ri0,lt,r"l l"n/s
in C"8"n#8"n# @ 3illon @ to Ks,81it the 0orrespon/in# /ee/
o2 p"rtition to the Co,rt 2or its "ppro$"l%
Septe$ber -/, -1/FZTeo/or", 1o$e/ 2or the iss,"n0e o2
" Brit o2 E?e0,tion whi0h w"s oppose/ 87 petitioners
0onten/in# th"t the /e0ision is interlo0,tor7 "s it /i/ not
Fn"ll7 /ispose o2 the "0tion 8,t le2t so1ethin# 2or the
p"rties to /o, th"t is, to p"rtition the propert7 @ s,81it the
0orrespon/in# "#ree1ent o2 p"rtition to the 0o,rt 2or its
"ppro$"l%
The7 li>ewise pr"7e/ th"t the /e0ision 8e 1o/iFe/ in or/er
th"t the l"n/ sit,"te/ in 3illon, whi0h w"s sol/ to the
spo,ses 4e1esio +0"in @ Ros" -ion#son @ wherein the7
h"$e intro/,0e/ i1pro$e1ents, 8e "w"r/e/ to the1, while
the l"n/ in C"8"n#8"n# 8e #i$en in its entiret7 to Teo/or"
T/"% /e +r0en"s%
+#"in this w"s oppose/ 87 the wi/ow, hen0e, on 3epte18er
60, 1&!;, the respon/ent N,/#e "ppointe/ :,ni0ip"l N,/#e
:"r0elino :% Es0"lon" o2 :"/ri/e<os Ce8, "s Co11issioner
to p"rtition the properties @ to s,81it the pro<e0t o2
p"rtition to the 0o,rt 2or "ppro$"l%
In his report Co11issioner Es0"lon" re0o11en/e/ to the
0o,rt th"t the s"i/ propert7 sho,l/ 8e "w"r/e/ to the +0"in
3po,ses in 2,ll, while the C"8"n#8"n# sho,l/ 8e "w"r/e/ to
Teo/or"%
This w"s oppose/ 87 Teo/or" @ insiste/ th"t it wo,l/ 1o/i27
the <,/#1ent whi0h or/ere/ " ph7si0"l /i$ision into two
p"rts e"0h o2 the two p"r0els so the 0o,rt /ire0te/ the
Co11issioner to 1">e " Kph7si0"l /i$ision o2 e"0h o2 the
two properties in the presen0e o2 the p"rties or their
represent"ti$esK @ to 1">e the ne0ess"r7 re0o11en/"tion
"s to whi0h h"l2 sho,l/ pert"in to No$en0io "n/ whi0h h"l2
sho,l/ pert"in to the wi/ow%
+2ter th"t, the Co11issioner on his 2
n/
report in2or1e/ the
0o,rt th"t he h"/ /i$i/e/ the two p"r0els into two portions%
Je, howe$er, opine/ th"t it wo,l/ 8e ineA,it"8le to "w"r/
one-h"l2 o2 the C"8"n#8"n# propert7 to the +0"in spo,ses
0onsi/erin# th"t the C"8"n#8"n# propert7 h"s 8een
1ort#"#e/ 87 No$en0io +r0en"s to the B"nt"7"n R,r"l B"n>
to se0,re " lo"n o2 P2,000%00, with the >nowle/#e "n/
0onsent o2 his 1other, Teo/or", "n/ the s"1e is "8o,t to 8e
2ore0lose/%
:oreo$er, it wo,l/ 8e ,n2"ir to /epri$e the +0"in spo,ses o2
the 3illon propert7 sin0e the7 h"$e intro/,0e/ in #oo/ 2"ith
$"l,"8le i1pro$e1ents thereon 87 pl"ntin# "8o,t 600
0o0on,t trees%
M"rc9 @F, -1/2Miss,e/ "n Or/er "w"r/in# C"8"n#8"n# +
@ 3illon B to Teo/or" while C"8"n#8"n# B "n/ 3illon + were
"w"r/e/ to No$en0io +r0en"s%
Apr# @5, -1/FZpetitioners Fle/ with the respon/ent 0o,rt
their 4oti0e o2 +ppe"l, st"tin# th"t the7 were "ppe"lin# the
tri"l 0o,rtIs Or/ers /"te/ N"n,"r7 !, 1&!8 @ :"r0h 2;, 1&!8
to this Co,rt Kon A,estions o2 l"wK%
M"y -2, -1/2Zthe 0o,rt iss,e/ "n Or/er /is1issin# the
"ppe"l o2 petitioners on the #ro,n/ th"t the /e0ision o2 N,ne
&, 1&!; h"/ "lre"/7 8e0o1e Fn"l "n/ e?e0,tor7 @ th"t the
or/ers so,#ht to 8e re$iewe/ "re 1erel7 or/ers iss,e/ to
i1ple1ent the "2ore-1entione/ /e0ision%
(une @., -1/2ZPetitionerIs 1otion 2or re0onsi/er"tion w"s
/enie/ 87 the tri"l 0o,rt, hen0e, this petition 2or 0ertior"ri
"n/ 1"n/"1,s%
20
2! | p"#e
ISSUE3
Bhether or not the /e0ision o2 respon/ent 0o,rt in Ci$il
C"se 4o% P-118, /"te/ N,ne &, 1&!;, is i11e/i"tel7 e?e0,tor7 "n/,
there2ore, not "ppe"l"8le%
SUDREME 'OURT3
NO. THE SUDREME 'OURT RULED THAT THE DE'ISION OF
THE RESDONDENT 'OURT IS NOT UNADDEALACLE.
1% The 0o,rt e?pl"ine/ th"t "ltho,#h it is tr,e th"t i2 the p"rties
to the liti#"tion s,81itte/ " 0o1pro1ise "#ree1ent to the
0o,rt 2or "ppro$"l "n/ in the "8sen0e o2 opposition, the
0o,rt ren/ers <,/#1ent stri0tl7 in "00or/"n0e with s,0h
"#ree1ent, t9e Iud,$ent rendered s n!t "ppe"#"b#e
"nd It s $$ed"te#y eNecut!ry e?0ept th"t in 0"se "
1otion to set "si/e the 0o1pro1ise on the #ro,n/ o2 2r",/,
"n or/er o2 the 0o,rt /en7in# s,0h 1otion 1"7 8e
"ppe"le/%
2% HOKE%ER, t9"t t9e decs!n !: (une 1, -1/F 6"s n!t
" Iud,$ent b"sed !n " Iudc"# c!$pr!$se but !ne
b"sed !n "n ",reed st"te$ent !: :"cts.
< FcoproiseF under <rticle ,+,1 of the (ivil (ode is a
contract whereby the parties in interest, by a2ing reciprocal
concessions, avoid a litigation or terinate one already
coenced. It is li2ewise de#ned as Fan agreeent between
two or ore persons, who, for preventing or putting an end to a
lawsuit, adjust their diGculties by utual consent in the
anner which they agree on, and which every one of the
prefers to the hope of gaining, balanced by the danger of
losing.F
6% Bhile the p"rties in the K3tip,l"tion o2 H"0tsK were in
"#ree1ent th"t Teo/or" T/"% /e +r0en"s h"/ " sh"re in the
s"i/ properties, the7 were in /is"#ree1ent "s to the e?tent
o2 the sh"re o2 s"i/ wi/ow%
'% +s " 1"tter o2 2"0t, in the respe0ti$e 1e1or"n/" o2 the
p"rties, there w"s " 1"r>e/ /isp"rit7 in the $iew o2 s"i/
p"rties "s to the sh"re o2 the s,r$i$in# spo,se, the wi/ow
insistin# on her 0l"i1 to one-h"l2 (1)2* o2 the est"te, while
the other p"rt7 w"s willin# to 0on0e/e to her onl7 one-2o,rth
(1)'* o2 s"i/ est"te%
% T9e ",reed st"te$ent !: :"cts sub$tted by t9e
p"rtes dd n!t, t9ere:!re, put "n end t! t9e #"6sut
bec"use t dd n!t de;nte#y deter$ne 69c9 spec;c
p!rt!n !: t9e pr!perty s!#d by (!5enc! Arcen"s t!
t9e Ac"n sp!uses s9!u#d be returned t! t9e
sur55n, sp!use, 69c9 6"s t9e $"n purp!se !: t9e
"ct!n nsttuted by t9e #"tter.
!% In "//ition, Ci$il C"se 4o% P-118 is "lso "n "0tion o2 p"rtition,
9ence, t9e Order !: t9e c!urt drectn, t9e p"rtt!n
!: t9e pr!pertes "nd re>urn, t9e p"rtes Ot! sub$t
t9e c!rresp!ndn, deed !: p"rtt!n t! t9e '!urt :!r
ts "ppr!5"#O, c!u#d n!t be ;n"#.
;% It le2t so1ethin# 1ore to 8e /one in the tri"l 0o,rt 2or the
0o1plete /isposition o2 the 0"se, s,0h "s "ppoint1ent o2
the 0o11issioner "n/ s,81ission 87 the l"tter o2 his report
whi0h 1,st 8e set 2or he"rin#%
8% It is onl7 "2ter s"i/ he"rin# th"t the 0o,rt 1"7 ren/er " Fn"l
<,/#1ent Fn"ll7 /isposin# o2 the "0tion% The 0o,rt, "2ter the
p"rties were ,n"8le to "#ree on the p"rtition, h"/ to "ppoint
" 0o11issioner to 1">e the p"rtition% E$en "ss,1in# th"t
the <,/#1ent ter1in"te/ the "0tion with respe0t to the
0l"i1 o2 the wi/ow 2or " one-h"l2 (1)2* sh"re in the est"te,
there is no A,estion th"t the Or/er o2 the 0o,rt o2 :"r0h 2;,
1&!8, "ppro$in# the pro<e0t o2 p"rtition e$en when
0onsi/ere/ "s in0i/ent to the <,/#1ent, 0o,l/ still 8e
"ppe"l"8le%
&% +00or/in# to :or"n, &when the terms of the 'udgment
are not entirel% clear and there is room for
interpretation and the interpretation given is wrong
in the opinion of the defeated part% the latter should
be allowed to appeal from said order so that the
appellate tribunal ma% pass upon the legalit% and
correctness of the said order.&
10% The 0o,rt pointe/ o,t "s well th"t sin0e its in0eption, this
0"se h"s 8een pen/in# in the 0o,rts 2or 1ore th"n ten (10*
7e"rs, Teo/or" T/"% /e +r0en"s is "lre"/7 8! 7e"rs o2 "#e
"n/ so t">in# th"t into 0onsi/er"tion, it 0"nnot 8e /enie/
th"t i2 petitioners 0ontin,e with their "ppe"l, there will 8e
2,rther /el"7s in its ter1in"tion%
11% Th,s, on the A,estion re#"r/in# the sh"re o2 the s,r$i$in#
spo,se in the est"te o2 the /e0e"se/, 3C r,le/ th"t t9e
tr"# c!urt 6"s c!rrect n dec#"rn, t9"t Te!d!r" %d".
de Arcen"s s entt#ed t! !ne)9"#: 4-A@7 !: t9e est"te.
21
2! | p"#e
12% Citin# 'antillon v. 8iranda the 0o,rt s"i/ th"t when
intest"07 o00,rs, " s,r$i$in# spo,se 0on0,rrin# with onl7
one le#iti1"te 0hil/ o2 the /e0e"se/ is entitle/ to one-h"l2
(1)2* o2 the est"te o2 the /e0e"se/ spo,se ,n/er +rti0le &&!
o2 the Ci$il Co/e%
16% +lso, the 0o,rt in error in insistin# th"t e"0h "n/ e$er7
p"r0el sho,l/ 8e ph7si0"ll7 /i$i/e/ "n/ "pportione/ to the
p"rties in the 1"nner in/i0"te/%
(ection ) of Rule *+ of the Rules specifcall%
re,uires that in ma-ing the partition the
commissioners shall:
1% Tiew "n/ e?"1ine the re"l est"te, "2ter /,e noti0e to the
p"rties, to "tten/ "t s,0h $iew "n/ e?"1in"tionL
2% To he"r the p"rties "s to their pre2eren0e in the portion
o2 the propert7 to 8e set "p"rt to the1 "n/ the
0o1p"r"ti$e $"l,e thereo2L "n/
6% To set "p"rt the s"1e to the se$er"l p"rties in s,0h lots
or p"r0els "s will be most advantageous and
e,uitable having due regard to the
improvements situation and ,ualit% of the
di.erent parts thereof.
The 0o,rt pointe/ o,t th"t 0ert"in 0ir0,1st"n0es sho,l/
h"$e 8een 0"re2,ll7 0onsi/ere/, spe0iF0"ll7 the 2"0t th"t "s the
report o2 the Co11issioner pro$i/e/ th"t the 10 0o0on,t trees
were pl"nte/ 87 4e1esio +0"in on the 3illon p"r0el, "n/ this l"n/ is
"/<"0ent to the +0"inIs propert7%
+lso, one-h"l2 (1)2* portion o2 the C"8"n#8"n# p"r0el 0"nnot
possi8l7 0o1pens"te 2or the loss whi0h +0"in will s,Der 87 losin#
one-h"l2 (1)2* o2 the 3illon p"r0el sin0e the C"8"n#8"n# l"n/ is
1ort#"#e/ to the B"nt"7"n R,r"l B"n> 87 No$en0io "n/ Kwill
pro8"8l7 8e 2ore0lose/ "n7 ti1e now 2or the lo"n is now /,e, "n/
the prospe0t o2 the lo"n to 8e p"i/ is 8le">%K
1'% It "ppe"rs to 8e the settle/ r,le th"t in "n "0tion 2or
p"rtition, where it is pr"0ti0"8le to 1">e " /i$ision o2 the
propert7Z
Fthe generally if not universally recogniHed rule is that a
court of e0uity, on ascertaining that one of two or ore
tenants in coon has ade peranent and valuable
iproveents on the property involved, will allot to hi
that portion on which the iproveents are located, or so
uch thereof as represents his share of the whole tract.F
Fin -eeping with the familiar principle of e,uit%
'urisprudence re,uiring that one who see-s e,uit%
must do e,uit% the rule has been generall% adopted
that a court of e,uit% should ta-e improvements into
account when decreeing partition and should award
to the cotenant in possession who has necessaril%
and in good faith improved the common propert% and
enhanced its value at his own cost such e,uitable
compensation as will leave onl% the value of the
estate without the improvements to be divided
among the tenants in common.&
Indeed, t9e ru#e re>ures t9"t t9e pr!pertes s9!u#d be
p"rtt!ned n " $"nner t9"t 6!u#d be $!st "d5"nt",e!us
"nd e>ut"b#e t! t9e p"rtes, 9"5n, Odue re,"rd t! t9e
$pr!5e$ents, stu"t!n "nd >u"#ty !: t9e dEerent p"rtsO
!: t9e pr!pertes subIect !: t9e p"rtt!n.
'ERTIORARI IS &RANTED.
!!% L!pe+ 5s. I#ustre, 5 D9#. 5/F
"/01(:
-e0e18er 2!, 1&02, Hr"n0is0o :"rtine. "n/ Pe/ro :"rtine.
(/e2en/"nt*, his son, were owners "s ten"nts in 0o11on 28
p"r0els o2 l"n/, e"0h 8ein# the owners o2 ,n/i$i/e/ tr"0ts o2
l"n/%
In the s"1e /"7, Hr"n0is0o 0on$e7e/ to the pl"intiD his
,n/i$i/e/ sh"re in two p"r0els o2 l"n/ to Lope.% Hr"n0is0o
(2"ther* reser$e/ to hi1sel2 the ri#ht to rep,r0h"se within
one 7e"r ,ntil -e0e18er 2!, 1&06%
Je w"s not "8le to rep,r0h"se it "n/ on -e0e18er 28,
1&06, the pl"intiD 0",se/ the proper 1"r#in"l entr7 to 8e
1"/e ,pon the 8oo>s in the re#istr7 o2 propert7% The
0on$e7"n0e h"/ 8een re0or/e/ "lso%
Je now Fles " 0"se "#"inst Hr"n0is0o=s son "s>in# 2or "
p"rtition o2 the two lots o2 l"n/ "n/ th"t Pe/ro "00o,nt 2or
"n/ p"7 hi1 his p"rt o2 the rents o2 the s"i/ propert7 2ro1
-e0e18er 2!, 1&06%
o Pe/ro 1"/e " $ol,nt"r7 p"rtition o2 the twent7-ei#ht
tr"0ts o2 l"n/ 1entione/ e"rlierL this w"s "ppro$e/
87 the CHI on N,ne 1, 1&06% In th,s p"rtition the two
22
2! | p"#e
p"r0els o2 l"n/(the l"n/s 0on$e7e/ to Lope.* w"s
#i$en to Pe/ro "n/ he 0l"i1e/ th"t /,e to this
p"rtition pl"intiD lost "ll his interest in the propert7%
2((34: BO4 Lope. h"/ the ri#ht to re0o$er his sh"re in the two
p"r0els o2 l"n/ in A,estionC
HELD3 *es.
RATIO3 +rti0le 6&& o2 the Ci$il Co/e is "s 2ollows:
EE$er7 0o-owner sh"ll h"$e 2,ll ownership o2 his p"rt "n/ in
the 2r,its "n/ 8eneFts /eri$e/ there2ro1, "n/ he there2ore
1"7 "lien"te, "ssi#n, or 1ort#"#e it, "n/ e$en s,8stit,te
"nother person in its en<o71ent, ,nless person"l ri#hts "re
in A,estion% B,t the eDe0t o2 the "lien"tion or 1ort#"#e,
with re#"r/ to the 0o-owners, sh"ll 8e li1ite/ to the sh"re
whi0h 1"7 8e "w"r/e/ hi1 in the /i$ision on the /issol,tion
o2 the 0o11,nit7%G
+s 0le"rl7 st"te/ in this "rti0le " 0o-owner h"s the ri#ht to 2reel7
sell "n/ /ispose his ,n/i$i/e/ interest% Je 0"n sell "n/ 0on$e7 "n
,n/i$i/e/ h"l2, 8,t he h"s no ri#ht to /i$i/e the lot into two p"rts,
"n/ 0on$e7 the whole o2 one p"rt 87 1etes "n/ 8o,n/s% 3in0e
there is no p"rtition 7et, hen0e the 1etes "n/ 8o,n/s o2 e"0h sh"re
is not 7et /eter1ine/%
E+ll th"t Hr"n0is0o :"rtine. ,n/ertoo> to /o in this 0"se w"s
to 0on$e7 his ,n/i$i/e/ interest in these two properties% Je h"/ "
ri#ht to /o so ,n/er the "rti0le "8o$e 1ention% Th"t /e0l"res si1pl7
th"t when the propert7 is /i$i/e/ the p,r0h"ser #ets "n interest
onl7 in th"t p"rt whi0h 1"7 8e "ssi#ne/ to hi1% There is no
/iDeren0e 8etween this 0"se "n/ " 0"se wherein " ten"nt in
0o11on 1">es "n "8sol,te 0on$e7"n0e o2 his ,n/i$i/e/ interest in
the propert7, witho,t reser$in# the ri#ht to rep,r0h"se% In the 0"se
o2 "n "8sol,te 0on$e7"n0e o2 th"t 0h"r"0ter, the rel"tion 8etween
the #r"ntor in the /ee/ "n/ his 0oten"nt is ter1in"te/% The7 "re no
lon#er 0oten"nts% The #r"ntee in the /ee/ t">es the pl"0e o2 the
#r"ntor, "n/ he "n/ the other owner o2 the propert7 8e0o1e
0oten"nts% In s,0h " 0"se the #r"ntor loses "ll interest in the
propert7, "n/ o2 0o,rse h"s no ri#ht to t">e "n7 p"rt in the p"rtition
o2 it% It wo,l/ 8e "8s,r/ to s"7 th"t "2ter s,0h 0on$e7"n0e the
#r"ntor, who h"/ lost "ll his interest in the propert7, 0o,l/ 87
"#ree1ent with the other owner 1">e " p"rtition o2 propert7 in
whi0h he h"/ no interest th"t wo,l/ 8e 8in/in# ,pon his #r"ntee%G
The p"rtition 1"/e 87 Pe/ro "n/ his 2"ther o2 the l"n/s the7
inherite/ /i/ not "De0t the ri#hts o2 Lope. who "lre"/7 "0A,ire/ "n
,n/i$i/e/ h"l2 interest in the two p"r0els o2 l"n/ in A,estion%
23

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