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CHEMISTRY PROJECT
On Determination of the Contents Of
Cold Drinks
Prepared By-
Suneet Sahu
AIM
C!P"#"$%&'
($)*+ ",*
-)".%$"$%&'
",".+(%( /
*%//'#',$
B#",*( / C.*
*#%,0(
Project by Suneet Sahu
"&"%."B.' %,
!"#0'$.
"C0,1.'*2'!',$
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere
thanks to My Chemistry Teacher Dr Shrinarayan
osta !"#D o$ chemistry% sir in pro&idin' a helpin'
hand in this project. Their &aluable 'uidance( support
and super&ision all throu'h this project titled
)Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks*,
are responsible $or attainin' its present $orm.
Suneet Sahu

3%%-"
Project by Suneet Sahu
PURPOSE
In recent days( soft drink brands were put into
&arious +uestions re'ardin' their purity. ,ews
$lashed that they contain harmful pesticide( which
arouse many interest in knowin' its contents because
I ha&e been drinkin' them $or years. I wanted to
con$irm that whether the char'e imposed on these
brands are true or not.
-nother $act which inspired me to do this project is
that I am in touch with qualitative analysis
whose knowled'e with other $actors helped me to do
so.
Project by Suneet Sahu
CONTENTS
%4 %ntroduction
%%4 $heory
%%%4 "pparatus
%&4 Chemicals #equired
&4 *etection of p5
&%4 $est for Carbon *ioxide6"cid7
&%%4 $est for 2lucose
&%%%4 $est for Phosphate
%34 $est for "lcohol
34 $est for (ucrose
3%4 #esult
3%%4 Conclusion
Project by Suneet Sahu
INTRODUCTION
The era o$ cold drinks be'an in ./01 but the
industriali2ation in India marked its be'innin' with
launchin' o$ .imca and 2oldspot by parley
group o$ companies. Since( the be'innin' o$ cold
drinks was hi'hly pro$itable and lurin'( many
multinational companies launched their brands in
India like Pepsi and Coke.
,ow days( it is obser&ed in 'eneral that majority o$
people &iewed (prite( !iranda( and .imca to 'i&e
$eelin' o$ li'htness( while Pepsi and $humps )p
to acti&ate pulse and brain.
Project by Suneet Sahu
Theory
Cold drinks o$ di$$erent brands are composed o$ alcohol(
carbohydrates( carbon dioxide( phosphate ions etc. These so$t
drinks 'i&e $eelin' o$ warmth( li'htness and ha&e a tan'y taste
which is liked by e&eryone. Carbon dioxide is responsible $or the
$ormation o$ $roth on shakin' the bottle.
The carbon dioxide 'as is dissol&ed in water to $orm carbonic acid
which is also responsible $or the tan'y taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurrin' or'anic compounds and are major source o$
ener'y to our body. 3eneral $ormula o$ carbohydrates is
C4 !"1#%5.
#n the basis o$ their molecule si2e carbohydrates are classi$ied as67
Monosaccharide( Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. 3lucose is a
monosaccharide with $ormula C8".1#8 .It occurs in 9ree State in
the ripen 'rapes in bones and also in many sweet $ruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent o$ about :..;. Sucrose is one
o$ the most use$ul disaccharides in our daily li$e. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices( seeds and also in $lowers o$ many
plants. The main source o$ sucrose is su'ar cane juice which
contain .071: ; sucrose and su'ar beet which has about .:7.< ;
sucrose. The molecular $ormula o$ sucrose is C.1"11#... It is
produced by a mixture o$ 'lucose and $ructose. It is non7reducin'
in nature whereas 'lucose is reducin'. Cold drinks are a bit acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by $indin' their p"
&alue. The p" &alues also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
Project by Suneet Sahu
"PP"#"$)(
$est $ube
$est $ube 5older
$est $ube (tand
(top 1atch
Beaker
Burner
p5 Paper
$ripod (tand
China *ish
1ire 2auge
1ater Bath
Project by Suneet Sahu
C5'!%C".(
#'-)%#'*
%odine (olution
Potassium %odine
(odium 5ydroxide
/ehling8s " 9 B (olution
.ime 1ater
Concentrated 5,:
Benedict (olution
"mmonium !olybdate
Project by Suneet Sahu
DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT:
Small samples o$ cold drinks o$ di$$erent brands were taken in a test tube and
put on the p" paper. The chan'e in the color o$ p" paper was noticed and
was compared with the standard p" scale.
OBSERVATION:
SR. NO. NAME O THE
DRIN!
CO"O#R
CHAN$E
%H &A"#E
. C#C- C#=- PI, Almost '.(
1 SP>IT? >?D Almost '.(
@ =IMC- PI,IS" Almost '.(
A 9-,T- =I3"T #>-,3? Almost '.(
INFERENCE:
So$t drinks are 'enerally acidic because o$ the presence o$ citric acid and
phosphoric acid. p" &alues o$ cold drink o$ di$$erent brands are di$$erent due
to the &ariation in amount o$ acidic contents.
Project by Suneet Sahu
TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT:
-s soon as the bottles were opened( one by one the sample was passed
throu'h lime water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON:
SR.
NO.
NAME O THE
DRIN!
TIME TA!EN
)SEC.*
CONC"#SION
. C#C- C#=- 18.0 C#1 IS P>?S?,T
1 SP>IT? 1. C#1 IS P>?S?,T
@ =IMC- @0 C#1 IS P>?S?,T
A 9-,T- @8 C#1 IS P>?S?,T
INFERENCE:
-ll the so$t drinks contain dissol&ed carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide !C#1% dissol&es in water to $orm carbonic acid( which is responsible
$or its tan'y taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
$'($ /# 2.)C('
Project by Suneet Sahu
EXPERIMENT
3lucose is a reducin' su'ar acid. Its presence is detected by the $ollowin'
test67
+. BENEDICTSS REAENT TEST,-
Small samples o$ cold drinks o$ di$$erent brands were taken in a test tube and
a $ew drops o$ BenedictCs rea'ent were added. The test tube was heated $or
$ew seconds. 9ormation o$ reddish color con$irmed the presence o$ 'lucose
in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME O THE
DRIN!
O.SER&ATION CONC"#SION
. C#C- C#=- >?DDIS" C#=#D>
P>?CIPIT-T?
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
1 SP>IT? >?DDIS" C#=#D>
P>?CIPIT-T?
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
@ =IMC- >?DDIS" C#=#D>
P>?CIPIT-T?
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
A 9-,T- >?DDIS" C#=#D>
P>?CIPIT-T?
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
INFERENCE
-ll the samples 'a&e positi&e test $or 'lucose with BenedictCs rea'ent. "ence
all the drinks contain 'lucose.
'. FEHLINS SOLUTION TEST
Project by Suneet Sahu
Small samples o$ cold drinks o$ di$$erent brands were taken in a test tube and
a $ew drops o$ 9ehlin'Cs - solution and 9ehlin'Cs B solution was added in
e+ual amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath $or .: minutes.
-ppearance o$ brown precipitate con$irmed the presence o$ 'lucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME O THE
DRIN!
O.SER&ATION CONC"#SION
+ COCA CO"A REDDISH .RO/N
PRECIPITATE
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
' SPRITE REDDISH .RO/N
PRECIPITATE
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
0 "IMCA REDDISH .RO/N
PRECIPITATE
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
1 9-,T- >?DDIS" B>#E,
P>?CIPIT-T?
3=DC#S? IS
P>?S?,T
INFERENCE
-ll the samples 'a&e positi&e test $or 'lucose with 9ehlin'Cs !- F B%
solutions. "ence all the cold drinks contain 'lucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Project by Suneet Sahu
EXPERIMENT
Small samples o$ each brand o$ cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and -mmonium Molybdate $ollowed by concentrated ,itric -cid !",#@%
was added to it. The solution was heated. -ppearance o$ canary7yellow
precipitate con$irmed the presence o$ phosphate ions in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR!
NO!
NAME OF
THE DRIN"
OBSERVATIO
N
CONCLUSION
# C#C- C#=- C-,->575?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
$ SP>IT? C-,->575?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
% =IMC- C-,->575?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
& FANTA CANAR'(
'ELLO)
PRECIPITATE
PHOSPHATE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
-ll the so$t drinks samples 'a&e positi&e test $or phosphate ions. "ence all
the cold drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED:
,a"P#A G .1!,"A%1Mo#A G 1.",#@ G @"G 7777777777 !,"A%@P#A..1Mo#@
G 1.",A,#@ G .1"1#
$'($ /# ".C5.
EXPERIMENT
Project by Suneet Sahu
Small samples o$ each brand o$ cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Iodine $ollowed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium "ydroxide !,a#"%
solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot
water bath $or @: minutes. -ppearance o$ yellow colored precipitate
con$irmed the presence o$ alcohol in cold drinks
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME O
THE DRIN!
O.SER&ATION CONC"#SION
. C#C- C#=- 5?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
-=C#"#= IS
P>?S?,T
1 SP>IT? 5?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
-=C#"#= IS
P>?S?,T
@ =IMC- 5?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
-=C#"#= IS
P>?S?,T
A 9-,T- 5?==#E
P>?CIPIT-T?
-=C#"#= IS
P>?S?,T
INFERENCE
-ll the cold drinks samples 'a&e positi&e test $or alcohol. "ence all the cold
drinks contain 'lucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
$'($ /# ()C#('
EXPERIMENT
Project by Suneet Sahu
0 ml samples o$ each brand o$ cold drinks were taken in separate china
dishes and were heated &ery stron'ly until chan'es occur. Black colored
residue le$t con$irmed the presence o$ sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATON
SR.
NO.
NAME O
THE DRIN!
O.SER&ATION CONC"#SION
. C#C- C#=- B=-C >?SIDD? SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
1 SP>IT? B=-C >?SIDD? SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
@ =IMC- B=-C >?SIDD? SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
1 ANTA ."AC! RESID#E SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
INFERENCE
-ll the brands o$ cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount o$ sucrose &aries
in each brand o$ drink. 9anta contains hi'hest amount o$ sucrose.
#'().$
Project by Suneet Sahu
-$ter conductin' se&eral tests( it was concluded that the di$$erent brands o$
cold drinks namely6
.. Coca Cola
1. Sprite
@. =imca
A. 9anta
-ll contains 'lucose( alcohol( sucrose( phosphate and carbon dioxide. -ll
cold drinks are acidic in nature. #n comparin' the p" &alue o$ di$$erent
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and =imca is least acidic o$ all the $our
brands taken.
CARBON DI OXIDE
-mon' the $our samples o$ cold drinks taken( Sprite has the maximum
amount o$ dissol&ed carbon dioxide and 9anta has the minimum amount o$
dissol&ed carbon dioxide.


CONCLUSION
Project by Suneet Sahu
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD
DRINKS
.. So$t drinks are little more harm$ul than su'ar solution. -s they contain
su'ar in lar'e amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.
1. So$t drinks can cause wei'ht 'ain as they inter$ere with the bodyCs
natural ability to suppress hun'er $eelin'.
@. So$t drinks ha&e ability to dissol&e the calcium so they are also
harm$ul $or our bones.
A. So$t drinks contain )phosphoric acid* which has a p" o$ 1.H. So they
can dissol&e a nail in about A days.
0. 9or transportation o$ so$t drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
the ha2ardous matter place cards reser&ed $or hi'hly consi&e material.
8. So$t drinks ha&e also ability to remo&e blood so they are &ery harm$ul
to our body.
<. #besity and wei'ht7related diseases.
H. "ypokalemia !low potassium le&els% diseases.
/. Most so$t drinks contain hi'h concentration o$ simple carbohydrates 7
'lucose( $ructose( sucrose and other simple su'ars. #ral bacteria
$erment carbohydrates and produce acid( which dissol&es tooth enamel
durin' the dental decay processI thus( sweetened drinks are likely to
increase risk o$ dental caries. The risk is 'reater i$ the $re+uency o$
consumption is hi'h.

USES OF COLD DRINKS
.. They can remo&e rust spots $rom chrome car humpers.
1. They can loose a rusted bolt.
Project by Suneet Sahu
@. In many states( the hi'hway patrol carries a $ew 'allons o$ So$t Drinks
in order to remo&e blood $rom the hi'hway a$ter auto accidents.
A. Place a T7bone steak in a bowl o$ So$t Drinks and it will be 'one in 17
@ days. The meat is consumed by the acid o$ the cola.
0. Toilet Cleanin26 Pour a can o$ So$t Drinks into the toilet bowl and let
the Jreal thin'J sit $or one hour( then $lush. It ma'ically cleans better
than i$ you had scrubbed it. The citric acid in So$t Drinks also remo&es
stains $rom &itreous china.
8. Clean 3orrosion from 3ar 4atter5 terminals6 Pour So$t Drinks o&er
the terminals and the ultra7acid so$t drink bubble away the alkaline
corrosion in seconds.
<. Remo6e 2rease from 3lothes6 ?mpty a can o$ So$t Drinks into a load
o$ 'reasy clothes( add deter'ent( and run throu'h a re'ular cycle. The
So$t Drinks will help loosen 'rease stains. It is also an excellent
cleaner road ha2e $rom your windshield.
H. The acti&e in'redient in So$t Drinks is phosphoric acid. Its p" is 1.H. It
will dissol&e a nail in about A days.
/. To transport So$t Drinks syrup !the concentrate% the commercial truck
must use the "a2ardous material place cards reser&ed $or hi'hly
corrosi&e materials.
.:.The distributors o$ So$t Drinks ha&e been usin' it to clean the en'ines
o$ their trucks $or about 1: yearsK

B%B.%2#"P5+
Project by Suneet Sahu
COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MANUAL OF
CHEMISTRY
BY- LAXMI PUBLICATIONS
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY
BY- VEENA SURI
DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY
BY- S.. MALHOTRA
!EBSITES "
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Project by Suneet Sahu
Project by Suneet Sahu