: Vivek Kumar Singh

: 12th Science

: Atmiya Vidyapeeth
 Atmiya Vidyapeeth, Gandhidham
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Vivek Singh, a student of class

XII-science has successfully completed the project under the
guidance of Mrs. Madhavi Upadhyay (Subject Teacher)
During the academic year 2018-19 in partial fulfillment of
chemistry practical examination conducted by AISSCE,
Gandhidham.

Signature of external examiner Signature of chemistry teacher

Signature of principle
 AIM
Comparative study and qualitative analysis
Of different brands of cold drinks

Available in market
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In t h e accomplishment of this project successfully,
many people have best owned upon me their blessings
and t h e heart pledged support, this ti me I am
utilizing t o thank all t h e people who have been
concerned with project.

Primarily I would thank god for being able t o

complete this project with success. Then I would like t o
thank m y principal Mr. Scaria Thomas and chemistry
teacher Mrs. Madhavi Upadhyay, whose valuable
guidance has been t h e ones t h a t helped me patch this
project and make i t full proof success his suggestions
and his instructions has served as t h e major contributor
towards t h e completion of t h e project.
Then I would like t o thank m y parents and friends who
have helped me with their valuable suggestions and

guidance has been helpful in various phases of t h e

completion of t h e project.
 CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Theory
3.Apparatus
4.Chemicals required
5.Detection of pH
6 .Te s t for carbon dioxide
7 .Te s t for glucose
8 .Te s t for phosphate
9 .Te s t for alcohol
10.Te s t for sucrose

11.Result
12.Conclusion
13. Precautions
 INTRODUCTION

The era of cold drinks began in 1 9 5 2 b u t t h e

industrialization in India marked its beginning
with launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley
Groups of companies. Since, t h e beginning of
cold drinks was highly prof i t able and luring,
many Multinational com panies launched t h eir
brands in India like Pepsi and Coke.

Now days, i t is observed in general t h a t majority of

people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca t o give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up t o
activate pulse and brain.
 THEORY

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of

alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions
etc. These sof t drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness
and have a tangy t a s t e which is liked by everyone.
Carbon dioxide is responsible for t h e formation of froth
on shaking t h e bot t l e .

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water t o form

carbonic acid which is also responsible for t h e tangy
taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring
organic compounds and are major source of energy t o
our body. General formula of carbohydrates is

CX (H 2 O) Y .

On t h e basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are

classified as:-

Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a

monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 . I t occurs in Free
S t a t e in t h e ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet
fruits. I t is also present in human blood t o t h e e x t e n t of
about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of t h e m o s t useful disaccharides in
our daily life. I t is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds
and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose
is sugar cane juice which contain 1 5 - 2 0 % sucrose and sugar beet
which has about 10-17 %sucrose.
The m olecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. I t is non-
reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a
bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding
their pH value. The pH values also depend upon t h e acidic
contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
 APPARATUS

1. Te st Tube
2. Te st Tube Holder
3. Te st Tube Stand
4. S t o p watch
5. Beaker
6. Burner
7. pH paper
8. Tripod Stand
9. China Dish
10. Wire Gauge
11. Water Bath
CHEMICALS REQUIRED

1. Iodine solution
2. Potassium Solution
3. Fehling’s A & B Solution
4. Lime Water
5. Concentrated HNO 3
6. Benedict Solution
 DETECTION OF pH
EXPERIMENT:
small samples of cold drinks of different brands were
taken in a t e s t tube . The change in colour of pH was
noticed and was compared with t h e standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION:
S.no Name of the Colour pH values
drink changes
1 Coca Cola pink 2
2 sprite Red 2
3 Limca Pinkish 4
4 Fanta Light orange 3

INFERENCE:
Cold Drinks are generally acidic because of t h e
presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values
of Cold Drinks of different brands are different due
t o t h e variation in amount of acidic contents.
 TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT:
As soon as t h e bottles were opened, one by one
t h e sample passed through lime water. The lime
water turned milky.

OBSERVATION:
S.no Name of the Time Conclusion
drink Taken(sec)
1 Coca Cola 26 CO2 is present
2 sprite 21 CO2 is present
3 Limca 35 CO2 is present
4 Fanta 36 CO2 is present

INFERENCE:
All t h e cold drinks contains dissolved carbon dioxide in
water. The CO2 dissolved in water t o form Carbonic
acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
 TEST FOR GLUCOSE
1. BENEDICT’S REAGENT TEST:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a t e s t tube and a few drops of be
Benedict’s reagent were added. The t e s t tubes
were heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish
colour confirmed t h e presence of glucose in cold
drinks.

OBSERVATION:

S.no Name of the Observation Conclusion

drink
1 Coca Cola Reddish ppt Glucose is present
2 sprite Reddish ppt Glucose is present
3 Limca Reddish ppt Glucose is present
4 Fanta Reddish ppt Glucose is present

INFERENCE:
All t h e samples gave positive t e s t for glucose with
benedicts reagent. Hence all t h e drinks contain
glucose.
 2 . FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in
a t e s t tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A & B solution e=was
added in equal amount. The t e s t tube was heated in a water
bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown p p t confirmed t h e
presence of glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:
S.no Name of the Observation Conclusion
drink
1 Coca Cola Reddish-brown Glucose is present
ppt
2 sprite Reddish-brown Glucose is present
ppt
3 Limca Reddish-brown Glucose is present
ppt
4 Fanta Reddish-brown Glucose is present
ppt
INFERENCE:
All t h e samples gave positive t e s t for glucose with
Fehling’s solutions. Hence all t h e cold drinks contain
glucose.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

EXPERIMENT:
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken
in separate t e s t tubes and Iodine followed by
Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
solution was added t o each t e s t tu b e . Then t h e t e s t
tubes were heated in h o t water bath for 3 0
minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate
confirmed t h e presence of alcohol in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION:
S.no Name of the Observation Conclusion
drink
1 Coca Cola Yellow ppt Alcohol is present
2 sprite Yellow ppt Alcohol is present
3 Limca Yellow ppt Alcohol is present
4 Fanta Yellow ppt Alcohol is present
INFERENCE:
All t h e cold drinks gave positive t e s t for alcohol.
Hence all t h e cold drinks contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVLOVED:
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
 TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT:
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were
taken in separate china Dishes and were heated
very strongly until changes occur. Black colored
residue left confirmed t h e presence of sucrose in
cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:
S.no Name of the Observation Conclusion
drink
1 Coca Cola Black Residue Sucrose is present
2 Sprite Black Residue Sucrose is present
3 Limca Black Residue Sucrose is present
4 Fanta Black Residue Sucrose is present

INFERENCE:
All t h e brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. Bu t
amount of sucrose varies in each brand of drink.
Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
 RESULT
A ft e r conducting several t e s t s , i t was concluded
t h a t t h e different brands of cold drinks namely:
Coca Cola
1) Sprite
2) Limca
3) Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate
and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in
nature. On comparing t h e pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is t h e m o s t acidic and Limca is
least acidic of all t h e four brands taken.

CARBON DIOXIDE:

Among t h e four samples of cold drinks taken,

Sprite has t h e maximum amount of dissolved
carbon dioxide and Fanta has t h e minimum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
 DISADVANTAGES OF COLD
DRINKS
1. S o f t drinks are little more harmful than sugar
solution. As t h e y contain sugar in large amount which
cause problems in diabetes patients.

2. Soft drinks can cause weigh t gain as they

in terfere with th e body’s natural ability to
suppress hunger feeling.
3.Sof t drinks have ability t o dissolve t he calcium so
t h e y are also harmful for our bones.
4.Sof t drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a
pH of 2 . 8 . So t h e y can dissolve a nail in abou t 4
days.
5.For transportation of soft drinks syrup the
commercial truck m u s t use t h e hazardous m a t t e r
place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6.Sof t drinks have also abilit y t o remove blood so
t h e y are very harmful t o our body.
7.Obesity and weight-related diseases.
8.Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) diseases. Mo st
s o f t drinks contain high concentration of simple
carbohydrates - glucose, fructose, sucrose
and other simple sugars. Oral bacteria ferment
carbohydrates and produce acid, which dissolves t o o t h
enamel during t h e dental decay process; thus,
sweetened drinks are likely t o increase risk of
dental caries. The risk is greater if t h e frequency of
consumption is high.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. They can remove rust spots from chrome car

Humpers.
2. They can lose a rusted bolt.
3.In many s tates , t h e highway patrol carries a few
gallons of S o f t Drinks in order t o remove blood from
t h e highway after auto accidents.

4.Place a T-bone steak in a bowl of S o f t Drinks and i t

will be gone in 2 - 3 days. The m e a t is
consumed by t h e acid of t h e cola.
5.Toilet Cleaning: Pour a can of S o f t Drinks into t h e
toilet bowl and let t h e "real thing" sit for one hour,
th en flush. It magically cleans b e t t e r than if you had
scrubbed i t . The citric acid in S o f t Drinks also removes
stains from vitreous china.
6. Clean corrosion from car b a t tery terminals: Pour
S o f t Drinks over t h e terminals and t h e ultra-acid s o ft
drink bubble away t h e alkaline corrosion in seconds.
7.Remove grease from clothes: E m pty a can of S o f t
Drinks into a load of greasy clothes, add detergent, and
run through a regular cycle. The S o f t Drinks will help
loosen grease stains. I t is also an excellent cleaner road
haze from your windshield.
8. The active ingredient in S o f t Drinks is phosphoric
acid. Its pH is 2 . 8 . I t will dissolve a nail in about 4
days.
9.To transport S o f t Drinks syrup ( t h e
concentrate) t h e commercial truck m u s t use t h e
Hazardous material place cards reserved for highly
corrosive materials.
10. The distributors of S o f t Drinks have been
using i t t o clean t h e engines of their trucks
for about 2 0 years!

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. CBSE lab manual.

2. Comprehensive Textbook.

WEBSITES-
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.scribd.com
PRECAUTIONS

 Handle the glass wares carefully.

 Allow the time required toset.
 Handle the chemicals with care.
THANK YOU