AAHU STC

Homework Assignment
Name:
Please respond to each item below.
1. Approximately how much faster does HIV evolve in comparison to mammalian DNA?
HIV virus mutates 1,000,000 times faster.

2. What are the stages of HIV disease progression?
1-acute infection, 2-critical latency, 3-AIDS are the stages of HIV disease progression.

3. After the initiation of ART, what are the two phases of immune reconstitution?
Innate and adaptive are the two phases of immune reconstitution.
4. When was the first ART drug approved? What impact did this have on the epidemic?
The first ART drug was approved in 1987. The nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors, lengthening lives
with HIV.

5. How is it possible that some people who are exposed to HIV do not get sick? What role does the CD4 receptors and
the co-receptors: CCR5 or CXCR4 play in HIV-infection? They do not get sick because they do have the CCR5
Cell. CCR5 and CXCR4 to aid in fighting the HIV virus from infecting the CD4 cell.

6. Describe the components of the acquired/adaptive Immune system? Specifically describe the cellular component
and the humoral component and what each does. The innate components are born with, skin (other physical
barriers), temperature control macrophages and dendritic cells. The adaptive system are memory, T cells, and
antibodies. B cells and antibodies alert other cells.

7. Describe the innate immune system. How is it different from the acquired/adaptive system? What role do
macrophages play? What role do dendritic cells play? The immune system is compromised, little or no T cells are
present, thereby increasing opportunistic infection, viral load goes up