Early 1600s Manila became the first primate city in Southeast Asia political capital,
ecclesiastical center, economically dominant
1650 Cabecera or poblacion settlement system (urban area) spread in the lowlands with visitas or rural barrios (hinterland) surrounding each poblacion; Church Plaza Complex EX. Cebu and Manila Intramuros with straight streets, rectangular plaza, bordered by the cathedral, government buildings, expensive private homes. Chapels or small churches are built to attract tenacious natives through fiestas and processions 1655 1 capital City Manila; 6 regional centers; 180 cabeceras or poblacions 1762-1764 Seven Years War Bristish and Indian colonial troops invaded Manila AFTER 1764 SOCIO- ECONOMIC CHANGES; INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM 1781 Colonial economy based on commercial, agriculatural led by mestizos EX. Tobacco and tobacco products Emergence of semi urban places in the provinces
1790s Opening of Manila to European and American vessels; opening of Suez Canal Stimulated abaca in Bicol and sugar in Panay and Negros 1818 Decentralized residences of Spanish mestizos now in inner cities and Parians Ethnic segregation now blurry 1820 Cebu, Cavite, and Iloilo-Jaro Molo with population of > 10000 each Batangas Taal became non-agricultural settlements and center of inter-island commerce
1830s Manila economy was based on exploiting Philippine commodities and importing goods made abroad; Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was no more; EX. Tobacco processing form Ilocos in cigar factories near port of Tondo and hemp factories for abaca Jaro and Molo, Panay mestizo dominated settlements for internal trade Cavite factories and shipyards run by Filipinos
1850s Cebu and Iloilo were the only provincial centers which attained significant size; Iloilo developed sugar haciendas Inter-island trade of woven pira cloth 1860 Iloilo and Cebu opened direct international trade Iloilo had export functions and sugar haciendas making it the second most important city
1865 Iloilo became the seat of first new bishopric since 1598 status was recognized ecclesiastically; 18 export houses
1870 Manilas position as primate city had hardly been challenged and derived greatest benefit from accelerating economic activity of the century; population reached 190,000 in 1898; > 750 poblaciones Cornered 99%of imports; 226 a representatives from American and European export houses.
1850s-late 1800s Chinese dominated central commercial districts in all settlements, EX. Escolta St. Binondo; increased inter-island trade, exported commercial crops to Europe and America and distributors of the British Commercial shops on the ground floors of centrally located houses No more spatially segregated peripheral clusters of Chineses Decentralized residential for Spaniards.
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD 1890 Railroad built linking Manila to Central Luzon EX. Guaga, Bulacan, Sual, Pangasinan lost their hinterlands and declined while Dagupan a rail terminus, flourished as a major commercial center of Pangasinan; other port cities continued to become regional urban centers in spite of Manila because of its archipelagic nature Bridges were built along postal routes facilitating transport in Luzon. 1903 Manila had 876 manufacturing establishments; City of Manila was incorporated covering intramuros and 12 fast growing suburban towns Iloilo had a population of 25,000 to 30,000 Cebu-third most important city with a population of 20,000 Legazpi, Malabon and Cavite were third ranked centers; Legazpi port opened to international shipping because abaca developed in its hinterland; Malabon was a collection and transshipment of goods from Pampanga and Bulacan to Manila with sugar and cigar factories; Cavite continued as port with associated naval yard and arsenal.
1905 Manila and Baguio Plans of Daniel H. Burnham introduced the City Beautiful western type of town planning.
1910 Rebuilding of settlements complete with hygiene and sanitary facilities and drainage systems called sanitary barrios Infrastructure planning; socio- economic planning on a limited scale; centralized planning 1920s Barrio obrero or the working class district evolved as government response to the needs of low-income labor families in urban areas.
1928 Zoning ordinance for Manila promulgate but took effect only in 1940 Zoning became popular in America in the 1920s 1933 Housing Committee created to clear slums and carry out housing projects for the poor.
CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE PLANNING AND PLANNING LAWS LAW TITLE DATE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (1935-1941) concern for both economic and physical respects of planning including housing, links across sectors were still lacking, sectoral planning remained sectoral and centralized; vertical links across government levels absent. CA #2 National Economic Council due to economic implication of the impending independence, tasked to formulate devt plans for the new Commonwealth. 1935 Peoples Homsite Corporation (PHC) for urban planning and development 1938 CA #468 National Housing Commission (NHC) for urban planning and housing 1941 AFTER WW II (1946 1950s) Preoccupied with economic rebuilding, first in a series of five-year plans came out for the period 1947-1951 which understandably embodied mostly social and economic measures for national recovery, local development planning in the 1950s spread nationwide EO 98 National Urban Planning Commission 1946 EO 93 Peoples Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) merger of PHC and NHC 1947 AO 29 Real Property Board July 12, 1947 RA 333 Designating Quezon City as new Capital and master planning it by the Capital City Planning Commission (CCPC) RA 580 Home Financing Commission 1950 ..regional planning and development started, a host of regional development bodies were created in 60s.. EO 367 National Planning Commission NUPC, CCPC and RPB abolished, the only physical planning agency of the government, also vested with regional planning functions 1950 RA 997 Government Survey and Reorganization Commission proposed Reorganization Plan 53-A dividing the Philippines into 8 regions. 1954 rural community development become a priority concern EO 156 Presidential Assistance on Community Development Office (PACD) CD councils organized at the provincial, local and barangays levels. 1956 a semblance of decentralized town planning begun, local autonomy given importance, importance of town planning recognized. Unfortunately, local planning happened only on paper, planning was clearly top-down, highly centralized in spite of supportive legal fiat trail could have emancipated local planning. National planning focused on macro-economic policies without spatial dimensions. Sectoral plans were mainly socio-economic. Dichotomy between socio-economic and spatial/ physical plans persisted. Multi-level planning of framework seemed in order but plans could not be integrated due to differences in thrusts, objectives and approaches. Regional planning effort continued although largely ineffective (administrative region, IAD, river, basin/ island/ ecological region, provincial). Peoples non participants. RA 2264 Local Autonomy Act of 1959 first of its kind, empowered LGUs to enact zoning ordinances and subdivision rules; all towns and cities required to form local planning boads to craft development plans under the guidance of NPC 1959 RA 2370 Autonomy to the Barrios or Barrio Charter made the barrios quasi-municipal corporations vested with taxing powers and power to enact ordinances through an elective barrio council
MARCOS REGIME RA 4341 Institute of Planning at UP Diliman established in order to create a pool of planners and declared a national policy on comprehensive planning of human settlements and their envinronment October 1965 RA 5185 Decentralization Act of 1967 greater freedom and ampler means for LGUs to respond to the needs of their people and enable the people to participate 1967 RA 5435 Presidential Commission on Reorganization produced Integrated Reorganization Plan 1968 EO 121 Provincial Development Committee headed by a development coordinator tasked to prepared provincial development plans and coordinate private and public investments 1968 RA 5488 EO 535 Home Financing Corporation reorganized Home Financing Commission 1969 1972 t0 1985 regional planning approach to development took permanent shape, regional planning authorities resurrected, metropolitan planning, decentralized yet centralized; multi-level planning structure and institutions but still centralized due to type of political leadership, tokenism in people participation, spatial awareness in development planning through physical framework planning. PD #1 Integrated Reorganization Plan delineated the country into 11 administrative regions with regional capitals, creation of Regional Development Councils and Authorities (only the RDCs were activated) Sept. 24, 1972 EO 419 Task Force on Human Settlements (TFHS) Sept. 19, 1973 PD 461 Department of Natural Resource May 17, 1974 PD 824 Metro Manila Commission a first metropolitan planning and governance Nov. 7, 1974 PD 757 National Housing Authority merged PHHC, PAHRA, TFDA, etc. July 31, 1975 LOIs 447. 448 & 895 Strengthening the administrative capacity of the regional offices by ordering the delegation of substantive and administrative authority to the regional office Aug. 12 & 18, 1976; Jul. 25,79 PD 933 Human Settlements Commission May 13, 1976 EO 648 Charter of Human Settlements Regulatory Commission Feb. 1981 PD 1267 National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation 1977 PD 1396 Ministry of Human Settlements with the HSRC (now HLRB) as the regulatory arm; June 2, 1978 LOI 729 Directed MHS to prepare land use and zoning plans; still enforced by HLRB 1978 PD 530 Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF) or PAG-IBIG 1978 EO 90 National Shelter Program 1978 PD 1618 Autonomous Regions IX and XII July 25, 1979 BP 220 Low-Income Subdivision Development 30% of gross family income affordability Sept. 25, 1982 Local Government Code of 1983 Feb. 1983 LOI 1350 Providing for the institutional framework for the national physical planning transferred from MHS to NEDA; created the inter-agency NLUC Aug. 1983 PD 1567 Establishment of 1 day care center in every barangay for aged 6 and below 1984 PD 957 Residential condominium and Subdivision 1984 PD 1216 Redefining 30% open space as used in PD 957 PD 1096 Building Code of the Philippines