B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TPHCM

------oo0oo-----

TIU LUN
CAD/CAM/CIM V PHNG PHP
TO HNH CHO B MT CAD/CAM

GVHD:

PGS TS. NG THIN NGN

HVTH: HUNH DUY PHC

MSHV:

TPHCM 09/2014

CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

LP TRNH GIA CNG BNG STEP-NC

1. Phn tch to hnh b mt
1.1.

nh s cc ng/mt
1

1.2.

Phn tch cc loi ng mt cho tng b mt

Bin dng ca b mt 1 c gii hn bi ng bao chi tit v ng to hnh gm

c cc ng thng v cung trn ni tip nhau thng qua cc im F1(1,1); F2(1,28);
F3(16,49); F4(21,49); F5(41,28); F6(41,1).
Phng trnh ton:
-

on thng F1F2: x = 1

ng thng F2F3:

on thng F3F4: y = 49

Cung trn F4F5:

on thng F5F6: x = 41

on thng F6F1: y = 1

x 1 y 28

15
21

Bin dng ca b mt 2 l mt phng to bi cc ng thng ni tip nhau qua cc

im P1(0,0), P2(0,40), P3(6,40), P4(6,0)
Bin dng ca b mt 3 l mt phng to bi cc ng thng ni tip nhau qua cc
im E1(30,0), E2(30,40), E3(49,40), E4(19,0)
HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

Bin dng ca b mt 4,5 gm c cc ng thng v cung trn ni tip nhau thng

qua cc im P1(78,22); P2(90,22); P3(90,48); P4(78,48).
Bin dng ca b mt 6,7 gm c cc ng thng v cung trn ni tip nhau thng
qua cc im P1(78,22); P2(90,22); P3(90,48); P4(78,48).
Bin dng ca b mt 8 l ng trn
Bin dng ca b mt 9 l cung trn

2. CAD/CAM/CIM
2.1. Bn v chi tit

2.2. Phng n gia cng chi tit

Cc c trng gia cng
Cn c theo bn v ta thy chi tit c cc c trng gia cng sau:
-

Bin dng (1)

Mt phng (2)

Hai rnh bc (3)

L bc (4)

Rnh cong (5)

HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

Xy dng cc nguyn cng

Kch thc phi: 50x42x35 dung sai 0.1
-

Nguyn cng 1: Phay ng bao

Nguyn cng 2:
Phay mt phng ch T
Phay 2 rnh bc

Nguyn cng 3:
Phay l bc 8x4 v 4x8
Phay rnh cong

S nh v v kp cht cho tng nguyn cng:

-

Nguyn cng 1:

Nguyn cng 2:

Nguyn cng 3:

Lc kp

Tnh ton ch ct cho cc nguyn cng:

- Nguyn cng 1: Phay ng bao to hnh bin dng (1)
Chn dao phay ngn 16, vn tc ct phay th v = 30m/ph, phay tinh v =
35m/ph
S vng quay trc chnh n

1000v 1000x30

600(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x16

S vng quay trc chnh n

1000v 1000x35

700(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x16

Chiu su ct phay th: 29.5mm

HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

Chiu su ct phay tinh l 0.5mm

Lng chy dao: 0.2mm/vg
- Nguyn cng 2:
o Phay mt phng bc hnh cha T
Chn dao phay ngn 12, vn tc ct v = 30m/ph cho phay th v 35m/ph cho
phay tinh.
S vng quay trc chnh phay th: n

1000v 1000x30

800(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x12

S vng quay trc chnh phay tinh: n

1000v 1000x35

930(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x12

Chiu su ct phay th: 39.5mm

Chiu su ct phay tinh l 0.5mm
Lng chy dao: 0.1mm/vg
o Phay 2 rnh di b rng 8mm
Chn dao phay ngn 8, vn tc ct v = 30m/ph cho phay th v 35m/ph cho
phay tinh.
S vng quay trc chnh phay th: n

1000v 1000x30

1200(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x8

S vng quay trc chnh phay tinh: n

1000v 1000x35

1400(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x8

Chiu su ct phay th: 2.5mm

Chiu su ct phay tinh l 0.5mm
Lng chy dao: 0.1mm/vg
o Phay 2 rnh di b rng 4mm:
-

Chn dao phay ngn 4, vn tc ct v = 30m/ph cho phay th v 35m/ph cho

phay tinh.
1000v 1000x30

2400(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x4

S vng quay trc chnh phay th: n

S vng quay trc chnh phay tinh: n

Chiu su ct phay th: 4.5mm

Chiu su ct phay tinh l 0.5mm

HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

1000v 1000x35

2800(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x4

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

Lng chy dao: 0.1mm/vg

- Nguyn cng 4:
o Khoan l 4
Chn vn tc ct l 30m/ph
S vng quay trc chnh: n

1000v 1000x30

2400(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x4

o Phay hc trn 8
-

Chn dao phay ngn 8, vn tc ct v = 30m/ph cho phay th v 35m/ph cho

phay tinh.
1000v 1000x30

1200(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x8

S vng quay trc chnh phay th: n

S vng quay trc chnh phay tinh: n

Chiu su ct phay th: 3.5mm

Chiu su ct phay tinh l 0.5mm

Lng chy dao: 0.1mm/vg

1000v 1000x35

1400(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x8

o Phay rnh cong b rng 4mm

-

Chn dao phay ngn 4, vn tc ct v = 35m/ph

S vng quay trc chnh phay tinh: n

Chiu su ct phay th: 8.5mm

Lng chy dao: 0.1mm/vg

1000v 1000x35

2800(vg / ph)
d
3.1416x4

Chi tit c gia cng trn my phay vi quy trnh gia cng nh sau:
Vn
Vng
Chiu
Nguyn cng
Dao
tc ct quay trc su ct
(V)
chnh (n)
(t)
Nguyn cng 1: Phay bin dng 1
Phay th
16 30m/ph 600v/ph
29.5 mm
Phay tinh
16 35m/ph 700v/ph
0.5 mm
Nguyn cng 2:
Bc 1: Phay hnh ch T
12 30m/ph 800v/ph
39.5mm
Bc 2: Phay tinh
12 35m/ph 930v/ph
0.5mm
Bc 3: Phay rnh rng
8
30m/ph 1200v/ph
2.5mm
8mm
Bc 4: Phay tinh
8
35m/ph 1400v/ph
0.5mm
Bc 5: Phay rnh rng
4
30m/ph 2400v/ph
4.5mm
HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

Lng
chy dao
(s)

Ghi
ch

0.2mm/vg
0.2mm/vg
0.1mm/vg
0.1mm/vg
0.1mm/vg
0.1mm/vg
0.1mm/vg
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CAD/CAM/CIM

4mm
Bc 6: Phay tinh
Nguyn cng 3:
Nguyn cng 4:
Bc 1: Khoan l 4
Bc 2: Phay hc trn 4
Bc 3: Phay tinh hc
Bc 4: Phay rnh cong
rng 4mm

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

35m/ph

2800v/ph

0.5mm

0.1mm/vg

4
4
4

30m/ph
30m/ph
35m/ph

2400v/ph
1200v/ph
1400v/ph

3.5mm
0.5mm

0.05mm/vg
0.05mm/vg
0.05mm/vg

30m/ph

1200v/ph

3.5mm

0.05mm/vg

3. Lp trnh gia cng chi tit bng ngn ng APT

3.1. Gii thiu ngn ng APT
APT l ngn ng tng qut dng lp trnh gia cng nhng chi tit phc tp, ch yu
l chun b cc d liu gia cng chi tit c b mt hnh hc 3 chiu v iu khin qu o
dao ct lin tc. Cc chi tit c bn c lp trnh bng ngn ng APT l dng v mu
chnh xc, khun c, g, cc khun dp n gin cng nh phc tp.
T in APT c hn 400 t lnh v c ch r mt cch chi tit cc nguyn tc v
kh nng s dng. B t lnh ny c th chia thnh cc nhm chnh:
T lnh hnh hc
T lnh cng ngh
T lnh chuyn ng
T lnh ph
3.2. Cu trc ngn ng APT
T lnh hnh hc: dng xc nh kch thc hnh hc ca chi tit gia cng v qu
o ca dao. Lnh tng qut c dng:
K hiu = Dng hnh hc/thng tin.
Khi vit t lnh hnh hc cn lu :
Khi s dng k hiu lm thng tin m t, th k hiu phi c xc nh t trc.
Mi k hiu ch c s dng mt ln
Cng mt i tng ch c cng mt k hiu
3.2.1. T lnh ta
ZSURF/z

HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

y z l ta trn trc Z c xc nh trong mt phng song song vi mt

phng X Y v cch mt phng ny mt khong z. Nhng thng tin v b mt Z dng
xc nh cc im ring l hoc tp hp im. N c xc nh mt ln v c gi
tr cho tt c cc im v tp hp im k tip cho n khi no c lnh ZSURF mi.
Nh ta bit trc chnh ca my l trc Z ta . Chng trnh gia cng chi tit
khng ph thuc vo my gia cng, nn h thng ta ca my v chi tit cn c
dch chuyn vi lnh
TRANS/x, y, z
y x, y, z l ta im O ca chi tit trong h thng ta my.
Lnh ca im
- Dng lnh ca mt im ring l
K hiu = POINT/x, y, z
x, y, z l ta ca cc trc ta X, Y, Z tng ng.
- Lnh im ct ca 2 ng trn C1, C2
K hiu = POINT/YLARGE(YSMALL), INTOF, C1, C2
- Lnh im ct ca ng thng v ng (L1) trn (C2)
K hiu = POINT/Y(X)LARGE, INTOF, L1, C2
- Lnh tm ng trn (C2)
K hiu = POINT/CENTER, C2
- Lnh im ct ca hai ng thng (L1), (L2)
K hiu = POINT/INTOF, L1, L2
Lnh ng thng
xc nh ng thng i qua im v gc ta dng cc lnh sau y:
K hiu = LINE/x1, y1,x2, y2
K hiu = LINE/P1,P2
K hiu = LINE/P1, ATANGL , a
Trong : x1, y1; x2, y2 l ta im th nht v im th hai
P1, P2 k hiu cc im
a tr s gc gi ng thng v trc X
Lnh ng trn: dng xc nh ng trn trong mt phng X-Y vi nhng cch
nh sau:
- Lnh ta tm v bn knh: K hiu = CIRCLE/x, y, r
- Lnh tm v bn knh: K hiu = CIRCLE/CENTER, P1, RADIUS, r
HVTH: Hunh Duy Phc

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

- Lnh tm v tip tuyn: K hiu = CIRCLE/CENTER, P1 TANTO, L1

- Lnh 3 im trn ng trn: K hiu = CIRCLE/P2, P3, P4
3.2.2. T lnh cng ngh

T lnh cng ngh bao gm cc t lnh v phng php gia cng, cc lnh lin quan
n my, dng c ct, lnh ch ct.
Lnh phng php gia cng
Lnh phng php gia cng c vit vi nhng t chnh, v c chi tit ha vi
nhng t ph. Loi lnh ny c th cho thc hin mt nguyn cng ring r, hoc thc
hin mt chu k gia cng.
i vi cc nguyn cng ring r, th ch thc hin lnh cho. Cc nguyn cng s
b (khoan trc khi tar) cn phi lp trnh ring. Nu lp trnh cho mt chu k gia cng th
ch vit nguyn cng cui. Cc nguyn cng s b c xc nh t ng vi b x l.
Cc t chnh v phng php gia cng gm:
CDRILL = Centre Drilling = Khoan nh tm
DRILL = Drilling = Khoan
REAM = Reaming = Doa
SISINK = Spiral Sinking = Khot vi mi khot xon
SINK = Sinking = Kha mt u
CONSINK = Counter Sinking = Khot l cn
TAP = Tapping = Tar
BORE = Boring = Doa (tin rng)
MILL = Milling = Phay
MAKE = Make = Nguyn cng khc
Cc t chnh trn c th dng vi cc t ph (bin th nh):
DIAMET, d trong : d ng knh
DEPTH, : t su
TOOL, e, f : e s dao ct; f s u revlve
FEED, s : s lng chy dao
SPEED, v : v vn tc ct
PITCH, h ; h bc ren

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GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

SO ; nguyn cng ring r khc

Vi cc t trn ta c th vit t lnh cho nguyn cng ring r:
K hiu = T chnh/SO, t ph
Lnh cho chu k gia cng (ch vit cho nguyn cng cui cng)
K hiu = T chnh/t ph
Lnh lin quan n my v dng c ct

Lnh my: MACHIN/K hiu my

Lnh trc chnh (SPINDL) c vit vi vn tc yu cu theo th nguyn v/f

(RPM) v chiu quay
K hiu = SPINDL/n, RPM, CLW|CCLW

Lnh dng c ct (CUTTER): dng xc nh ng knh dao

CUTTER/R,r

Lnh dao
TOOL/

Lnh s dao
TOOLNO/e, f
Trong e: s k hiu dao
f: v tr dao

Lnh quay trc dao

TLAXIS/I, J, K

Lnh trc dao thng gc vi mt phng gia cng

TLAXIS/NORMPS

Lnh ch ct

Lnh lng chy dao

FEDRAT/s; nu lng chy dao s l mm/v
FEDRAT/s, PERMIN; nu lng chy dao s l mm/f

Lnh chy dao nhanh

RAPID

3.2.3. T lnh chuyn ng

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

T lnh chuyn ng dng xc nh v tr cui cng ca c cu chp hnh sau khi

thc hin chuyn ng. Kt thc chuyn ng, nh dao phi nm v tr c ch ra trong
lnh.
Dng tng qut ca lnh chuyn ng l:
Lnh chuyn ng/Thng tin
Lnh im u chuyn ng: FROM
im u chuyn ng khng thc hin gia cng. Dng tng qut ca lnh:
FROM/x, y, z hoc FROM/P
Lnh chuyn ng t mt im n mt im
Dng t chnh l GO cng cc t ph nh: TO, ON, PAST
GOTO/x, y, z, v hoc GOTO/P, v
Trong : P l k hiu mt im hay mt tp hp im
v vn tc
Lnh chuyn ng ti mt ng
GO/TO (ON, PAST), ng cn n
3.2.4. Lnh t ph

Lnh tt m dung dch lm ngui

COOLNT ON OFF

Nu phun dung dch (FLOOD) hoc dng phun sng (MIST)

COOLNT/FLOOD hoc COOLNT/MIST

Lnh dng my
END dng my thay dao, mun khi ng li phi dng lnh FROM
STOP dng my.
FINI kt thc chng trnh, s dng sau lnh STOP

Lnh bt u chng trnh

PARTNO/K hiu chi tit

Lnh ghi ch
REMARK/Vt liu, phi, ngn ng,

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

3.3. Chng trnh gia cng theo nguyn cng

1. Phay bin dng
PARTNO <PLANE 1>
SETPT1/-20,-40,50
F1=POINT/1,1,0
F2=POINT/1,28,0
F3=POINT/16,49,0
F4=POINT/21,49,0
F5=POINT/41,28,0
F6=POINT/41,1,0
L1=LINE/F1,F2
L2=LINE/F3,F4
L3=LINE/F4,F5
L4=LINE/F5,F6
L5=LINE/F6,F1
C1= CIRCLE/CENTER,9,29,RADIUS,20
XYPLANE=PLANE/F1,F2,F3
ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,4.5
START
LOADTL/1
CUTTER/16,3
SPINDC/600
COOLNT/ON
COOLNT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.2
FROM/SETPT1
GO/TO,L1 TO,ZSURF,ON,L2
GOFWD/L2,TO,L3
GOLFT/L3TO,C1
GOFWD/C1,TO,L4
GOLFT/L4,TO,L5
GODOWN/0.5
INDEX/1
GO/TO,L1
SAME
RAPID
GOTO/SEPPT1
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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

SPINDC OFF
COOLNT OFF
FINI
2. Phay bin dng hnh ch T
PARTNO <CHU_T>
SETPT1/-20,-40,50
P1=POINT/0,0,0
P2=POINT/0,40,0
P3=POINT/11,40,0
P4=POINT/11,0,0
E1=POINT/30,0,0
E2=POINT/30,40,0
E3=POINT/19,40,0
E2=POINT/19,0,0
L1=LINE/P1,P2
L2=LINE/P2,P3
L3=LINE/P3,P4
L4=LINE/P4,P1
L5=LINE/E1,E2
L6=LINE/E2,E3
L7=LINE/E3,E4
L8=LINE/E4,E1
XYPLANE=PLANE/F1,F2,F3
ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,4.5
START
LOADTL/2
CUTTER/12
SPINDC/800
COOLNT/ON
COOLNT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.1
FROM/SETPT1
GO/TO,L1 TO,ZSURF,ON,L2
GOFWD/L2,TO,L3
GOLFT/L3,TO,L4
GOFWD/L4,TO,L1
GO/TO,L1 TO,ZSURF,ON,L5
GOFWD/L5,TO,L6
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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

GOLFT/L6,TO,L7
GOFWD/L7,TO,L5
GODOWN/1
INDEX/40
GO/TO,L1
SAME
RAPID
GOTO/SEPPT1
SPINDC OFF
COOLNT OFF
FINI
3. Phay rnh rng 8mm
PARTNO <RANH_8MM>
SETPT1/-20,-40,50
H1=POINT/6,7,0
H2=POINT/6,34,0
H3=POINT/24,34,0
H4=POINT/24,0,0
XYPLANE=PLANE/F1,F2,F3

ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,45
START
LOADTL/3
CUTTER/8
SPINDC/1200
COOLNT/ON
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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

COOLNT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.1
FROM/SETPT1
GO/ ON,H1
GOTO/H2
GO/TO,H2 TO,ZSURF,ON,L5
GO/ ON,H3
GOTO/H4
GODOWN/1
INDEX/3
GO/TO,L1
SAME
RAPID
GOTO/SEPPT1
SPINDC OFF
COOLNT OFF
FINI
4. Phay rnh 4mm
PARTNO <RANH_4MM>
SETPT1/-20,-40,50
H1=POINT/6,7,0
H2=POINT/6,34,0
H3=POINT/24,34,0
H4=POINT/24,0,0
XYPLANE=PLANE/F1,F2,F3

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,45
START
LOADTL/4
CUTTER/4
SPINDC/2400
COOLNT/ON
COOLNT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.1
FROM/SETPT1
GO/ ON,H1
GOTO/H2
GO/TO,H2 TO,ZSURF,ON,L5
GO/ ON,H3
GOTO/H4
GODOWN/1
INDEX/9
GO/TO,L1
SAME
RAPID
GOTO/SEPPT1
SPINDC OFF
COOLNT OFF
FINI
5. Phay hc trn 8
PARTNO <HOC_TRON_8MM>
K1 = POINT/8,28,0
K2 = POINT/PTHETA, XYPLAN, 15, 40
K3 = POINT/PTHETA, XYPLAN, 15, -30
START
XYPLANE=PLANE/K1,K2,K3
ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,15
LOADTL/3
CUTTER/6.8

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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

SPINDC/1400
COONLT/ON
COONLT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.1
FROM/SEPPT1
GO/ON,H1
GODOWN/1
INDEX/9
RAPID/SETPT1
COOLNT/OFF
FINI.
6. Khoan l trn 4
PARTNO <KHOAN_LO>
K1 = POINT/8,28,0
K2 = POINT/PTHETA, XYPLAN, 15, 40
K3 = POINT/PTHETA, XYPLAN, 15, -30
START
XYPLANE=PLANE/K1,K2,K3
ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,15
LOADTL/4
CUTTER/4
SPINDC/2400
COONLT/ON
COONLT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.05
FROM/SEPPT1
GO/ON,K1
GODOWN/1
INDEX/9
RAPID/SETPT1
COOLNT/OFF
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CAD/CAM/CIM

GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

FINI.
7. Phay rnh cong 4mm
PARTNO <CHU_T>
SETPT1/-20,-40,50
K1 = POINT/8,28,0
K2 = POINT/PTHETA, XYPLAN, 15, 40
K3 = POINT/PTHETA, XYPLAN, 15, -30
C=
XYPLANE=PLANE/K1,K2,K3
ZSURF=PLANE/PARALEL,XYPLANE,ZSMALL,4.5
START
LOADTL/3
CUTTER/4
SPINDC/2400
COOLNT/ON
COOLNT/FLOOD
FEDRAT/0.1
FROM/SETPT1
GO/TO,K1
GOFWD/K1,TO,L3
GOLFT/L3,TO,L4
GOFWD/L4,TO,L1
GO/TO,L1 TO,ZSURF,ON,L5
GOFWD/L5,TO,L6
GOLFT/L6,TO,L7
GOFWD/L7,TO,L5
GODOWN/1
INDEX/40
GO/TO,L1
SAME
RAPID
GOTO/SEPPT1
SPINDC OFF
COOLNT OFF
FINI
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GVHD: PGS TS ng Thin Ngn

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