-1-

CONG TRNH C HOAN THANH TAI

TRNG AI HOC HOC BACH KHOA
AI HOC QUOC GIA TP. HO CH MINH

Can bo hng dan khoa hoc:

PGS.TS NGUYEN MONG HUNG
Can bo nhan xet 1:
Can bo nhan xet 2:
Luan van c bao ve tai HOI ONG CHAM BAO VE LUAN
VAN THAC SY TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA, Ngay , thang 12,
nam 2008.

ai Hoc Quoc Gia TP. Ho Ch Minh

Ngha Viet Nam

Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu

-2-

Trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa

oc Lap T Do

Hanh Phuc

---------------------------

-----------------------------------

NHIEM VU LUAN VAN THAC SY

Ho va ten hoc vien: Le Khanh

Phai: Nam

Ngay, thang, nam sinh: 24/03/1980

Ni sinh: ong Nai

Chuyen nghanh: T ong Hoa

Khoa: 2006-2008
I.

TEN E TAI: ng dung he thong SCADA trong cong

nghe san xuat thep

II.

NHIEM VU VA NOI DUNG:

III.

NGAY GIAO NHIEM VU:

IV.

NGAY HOAN THANH NHIEM VU:

V.

HO VA TEN CAN BO HNG DAN:

VI.

HO VA TEN CAN BO CHAM NHAN XET 1:

VII.

HO VA TEN CAN BO CHAM NHAN XET 2:

CAN BO HNG DAN

CAN BO NHAN XET 1

CAN BO

NHAN XET 2

PGS.TS NGUYEN MONG HUNG

Noi dung va e cng Luan van thac sy a c Hoi ong
Chuyen Nghanh thong qua.
PHONG AO TAO SH

CHU NHIEM NGANH

TS. NGUYEN C THANH

-3-

LI CAM N
Trong suot qua trnh nghien cu va thc hien luan van, toi
a nhan c s ong vien, giup tan tnh cua PGS.TS
Nguyen Mong Hung, toi xin c bay to long biet n sau sac
ve s giup quy bau nay.
Toi xin cam n tat ca cac thay co trong Bo Mon ieu
Khien T ong, cac thay co a day do va giup em co c
kien thc can thiet e hoan thanh cac hoc phan cao hoc, cam
n Thay TS Trng nh Chau, thay a day cho toi mon hoc SCADA,
e toi co c nhng kien thc nh ngay hom nay va cu the
la qua nhng ket qua Luan van nay a phan nao the hien.
at biet, toi xin cam n lanh ao Cong Ty Thep Tam La Phu
My a giup , tao ieu kien cho toi hoan thanh san pham
nay, ben canh o la s tr giup, ong vien to ln ve mat vat
chat cung nh tinh than cua gia nh, ngi than, ban be va
ong nghiep a giup toi hoan thanh luan van tot nghiep.

TP.HCM, thang 12 nam 2008

Hoc Vien
Le Khanh

-4-

MUC LUC LUAN VAN

*****

Chng 1: Tong quan ve cong nghe san

xuat thep
1.1. Ky thuat san xuat thep
1.2. Cong nghe san xuat thep bang va thep
la can nguoi

Chng 2: Tong quan ve he thong scada

hien ai
2.1. Tong quan ve he thong scada hien ai
2.1.1. He thong SCADA
2.1.2. Cac thanh phan cua he thong SCADA
2.1.3. C che thu thap d lieu
2.1.4. X ly d lieu

2.2. Cau truc he thong SCADA hien ai

2.2.1. Cau truc phan cng
2.2.2. Luong thong tin trong he thong SCADA hien ai
2.2.3. Cau truc phan mem
2.2.4. Phan mem ieu khien
2.2.5. Codesys cho MES

2.3. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cac cap trong

he thong SCADA hien ai
2.3.1. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap chap hanh
2.3.2. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ieu khien
(RTUs)

-5-

2.3.3. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ieu khien

giam sat (MTUs)
2.3.4. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ieu hanh san
xuat (MES)
2.3.5. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap he thong d an
nguon doanh nghiep (ERP)

2.4. Moi lien he gia cac cap trong he thong

SCADA hien ai
2.4.1. Moi lien he gia cap chap hanh va cap ieu
khien (RTUs)
2.4.2. Moi lien he gia RTUs va cap ieu khien giam
sat (MTUs)
2.4.3. Moi lien he gia MTUs va cap ieu hanh san
xuat (MES)
2.4.4. Moi lien he gia MES va cap he thong d an
nguon doanh nghiep (ERP)

2.5. Quan ly va lu tr d lieu trong he thong

scada
2.6. I/O Driver va OPC trong he thong SCADA
2.6.1. I/O Driver
2.6.2. OPC-OLE trong ieu khien qua trnh

2.7. Vai tro cua ngi s dung

2.7.1. Ngi van hanh trc tuyen
2.7.2. Ngi ieu hanh san xuat

Chng 3: Cac goi giai phap toan dien cua

Wonderware
3.1. at van e

-6-

3.2. Tong quan ve Wonderware

3.2.1. Mot so san pham modules chnh
3.2.2. Mot so goi giai phap tron bo
3.2.3. Truyen thong trong he thong SCADA

3.3.

Cac

goi

giai

phap

toan

dien

cua

Wonderware
3.3.1. Geo-SCADA
3.3.2. Goi giai phap phan mem MES & EMI
3.3.3. Goi giai phap danh rieng cho cac doanh nghiep
san xuat thep
3.3.4. ng dung goi giai phap danh rieng cho cac
doanh nghiep san xuat thep tai nha may san
xuat Nucor tai California _ Hoa Ky

Chng 4: ng dung cua SCADA tai Cong Ty

San Xuat Thep Tam La Phu My
4.1. Cac cong oan san xuat
4.1.1. Day chuyen tay ra
4.1.2. Day chuyen can nguoi ao chieu
4.1.3. Phan xng lo u
4.1.4. Day chuyen can va la nan
4.1.5. Day chuyen cuon lai
4.1.6. Kiem tra va th nghiem

4.2. Cac oi tng ieu khien

4.2.1. Valves
4.2.2. Motors
4.2.3. Bo ieu Khien PID

-7-

Chng 5: Mo hnh thc nghiem (CRM_COLD

REVERSING MILL)
5.1. Xay dng cau truc he thong (CRM)
5.1.1. Cau truc phan cng cua mo hnh
5.1.2. Chc nang nhiem vu cua cac cap
5.1.3. Phan tch quan he gia cac cap trong he thong

5.2. To chc qua trnh trao oi d lieu (CRM)

5.2.1. Yeu cau at ra
5.2.1. Trao oi d lieu gia cap cam bien/c cau
chap hanh vi cap ieu khien cuc bo
5.2.2. Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien vi cap
ieu khien giam sat
5.2.3. Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien giam sat
vi cap ieu hanh san xuat
5.2.4. Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu hanh san xuat
vi cap he thong d an nguon doanh nghiep

5.3. Xay dng he thong phan mem

5.3.1. Tong quan he thong phan mem
5.3.2. Xay dng giao dien quan ly he thong
5.3.3. Xay dng server d lieu thi gian thc (Realtime
Data Server)
5.3.4. Chng trnh ket noi d lieu thi gian thc
5.3.5. Xay dng c s d lieu quan he (Database
Server)
5.3.6. Chng trnh ieu khien thiet b ngo vao/ra
5.3.7. Chng trnh giam sat, ieu khien trung tam
5.3.8. Xay dng webserver
5.3.9. Giao dien ieu hanh t xa qua mang Internet

-8-

Chng 6: Ket luan

6.1. Cac ket qua at c
6.1.1. Ket qua sau qua trnh nghien cu
6.1.2. Ket qua sau khi xay dng giai phap he thong
cong nghe san xuat thep
6.1.3. Ket qua sau khi xay dng phan mem

6.2. Kha nang ng dung cua luan van

6.3. Hng phat trien
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

Danh Muc Cac Ch Viet Tat

ADO: ActiveX Data Object
ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ANSI:

American National Standard Institute

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange

AS-i: Actuator Sensor Interface
ASP: Active Server Page
ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
CAN: Controller Area Network
COM:

Component Object Model

CSDL: C s d lieu
CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
DCOM: Distributed Component Object Model
DDE: Dynamic Data Exchange
DDEML: Dynamic Data Exchange Management Library
DHTML: Dynamic HyperText Markup Language
DLL: Dynamic Link Library
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning
Ethernet: La kieu mang cuc bo LAN, c chuan hoa trong IEEE
802.3

-9-

Fast Ethernet: La phat trien tiep theo cua Ethernet, c chuan

hoa trong IEEE 802.3u
FDDI:

Fibre Distributed Data Interface

FDL: Fieldbus Data Link (Lp lien ket d lieu Profibus)

FMS: Fieldbus Message Specification
FTP: File Transfer Protocol Giao thc truyen tai tap tin
GPS: Global Position System
HMI: Human Machine Interface
HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol Giao thc truyen tai sieu van
ban
HTML: HyperText Markup Language
Hub: La thiet b dung e ket noi mang LAN
ID:

Identify

IDL:

Interface Definition language

IEC 61131-5: Chuan truyen thong gia cac PLC vi nhau va PLC
vi thiet b cap trng.
IEC 1158-2: La chuan truyen thong cua Profibus
PA IEEE 802: La chuan truyen thong mang LAN.
IEEE 802.3: La chuan truyen thong cho mang Ethernet
IEC/ISA DLL: International Electrotechnical Commission/The International
Society of Measurement and Control - Data Link Layer
IIS:

Internet Information Service

Industrial Ethernet: Mang Ethernet cong nghiep

IP:

Internet Protocol

IPX/SPX: Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (cho

Foundation Fielbus)
ISP:

Internet Service Provider

JSP:

JavaServer Pages hay Java Scripting Preprocessor

LAN: Local Area Network

LLC: Logical Link Control

-10-

MAC: Medium Access Control

MAP: Manufactoring Massage ProtocoL
MES: Manufacturing Execution Sysem
Modem: Modulator - Demodulator
MTUs: Master Terminal Unit
NetDDE: Network Dynamic Data Exchange
NTSC: National Television System Committee (USA)
ODBC: Open Database Connectivity
OLE: Object Linking and Embedding
OLE DB: Object Linking and Embedding Database
OPC: OLE for Process Control
OPC-AE: OLE for Process Control - Alarms & Events
OPC-DA: OLE for Process Control - Data Access
OPC-DX: OLE for Process Control - Data eXchange
OPC-HAD: OLE for Process Control - Historical Data Access
OPC XML-DA:OLE for Process Control - XML Data Access
OSI: Open Systems Interconnection
PAL: Phase Alternating lines (Chuan cua chau Au va chau Uc)
PC:

Personal Computer

PID:

Proportional Integral Derivative

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

PLC: Programmable Logic Controller
Profibus - DP: Decentralize Periphery - fast data exchange
Profibus - PA: Process Automation - intrinsically safe environment
Profibus - FMS: Fieldbus Message Specification - peer to peer
communication
Radio:

Song Radio

RJ45: Registered Jack 45

RS232: Chuan truyen thong noi tiep
RS422: Chuan truyen thong noi tiep vi khoang cach va toc
o cao hn

-11-

RS485: Chuan truyen thong noi tiep ch dung mot ng dan

RTUs:

Remote Terminal Units

SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SDI: Single Document Interface
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol
SQL Server: Structured Query Language - Server
SQL: Structured Query Language
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol Giao thc kiem soat truyen dan
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
TSAP:

Transport Service Access Point

UDP: User Datagram Protocol Giao thc s o d lieu ngi dung

USB: Universal Serial Bus
WAN:

Wide Area Network

XML: Extensible Markup Language

XML-DA: Extensible Markup Language Data Access 10BASE2: Cap ong
truc mong, chieu dai toi a 200m
10BASE5: Cap ong truc day, chieu dai toi a 500m
10BASE-T: Cap van xoan, chieu dai toi a 100m.
10BASE-F: Cap quang, chieu dai toi a 2000m

-12-

CHNG 1
TONG QUAN
1.1. LY DO CHON E TAI
Thc te hien nay cho thay hau het cac nha may eu c
ng dung cac day chuyen t ong hoa nh cac nha may luyen
kim, san xuat thep, loc dau, xi mang, dc khoa, . Nhieu nha
may nc ngoai co quy mo, cong suat ln hn Viet Nam nen
cung cung mot thiet b nhng khi s dung tai nc ta lai khong
phu hp, hoac co nhng nha may tai Viet Nam ap dung cong
nghe ban t ong, ieu khien c kh, ch co nhng khau quan
trong quyet nh en chat lng san pham th phai ng dung t
ong hoa. V du trong cong nghiep che bien bia, khau chiet va
ong chai can phai t ong hoa. Trong cong nghiep may mac,
trc kia ch san xuat n chiec, nay san xuat theo day chuyen,
khi ap dung t ong hoa se xac nh ro san pham b loi va
loi cua ai, ngay gi nao thong qua viec s dung he thong
SCADA, he thong nay lien ket cac thiet b hien trng lai va
a ve trung tam ieu khien. Phan mem ieu khien trung tam
co the ghi nhan d lieu, ieu khien qua trnh, cung cap d lieu
cho cac phan mem ng dung quan ly khac.
Vay nen van e ng dung he thong SCADA vao qua trnh
quan ly va ieu khien t ong trong cac day chuyen san xuat

-13-

hien ai ang rat c quan tam Viet Nam cung nh tren the
gii, vi s phat trien nh vu bao cua cong nghe thong tin th
trong tam cua cong viec thiet ke xay dng he thong SCADA la
la chon phan mem thiet ke giao dien va ke tiep la cac giai
phap tch hp he thong

cac san pham phu hp nhu cau s

dung trong nc.

Hoc vien a tm hieu va nhan thay vien nghien cu ve
lnh vc SCADA trc ay nc ta hien nay a phan ch tap
trung vao cac phan mem pho thong, ma cu the la dung Win CC
e thiet ke giao dien. Viec la chon phan mem nay co nhc
iem la ch thch hp vi nhng he thong co quy mo va va
nho, trong khi o cac nc phat trien thng s dung cac
phan mem chuyen dung nen rat phu hp vi nhng nha may
co quy mo ln va ap ng c nhu cau m rong san xuat
sau nay.
Neu nhn ve tng lai th nhng cong nghe mi trong SCADA
se tap trung vao:
- Web Technology, Active X, Java,
- OPC c xem nh mot Module th ba, e thc thi giao tiep
noi gia Client & Server modules.

1.2. MUC CH NGHIEN CU CUA LUAN VAN

Viec nghien cu, tm hieu ban chat cua he thong SCADA,
e t o cho ra i cac giai phap phan mem toan dien cho
moi lnh vc that s xng ang e c quan tam moi trng
Viet Nam cung nh toan cau.

Nghien cu, phan tch

Nghien cu va tm hieu cau truc he thong SCADA hien ai,
Phan tch cac thanh phan trong he thong SCADA hien ai,

-14-

Phan tch cac phng thc trao oi d lieu gia cac cap
trong he thong SCADA hien ai.

ng dung
Xay dng cau truc he thong SCADA cho quy trnh san xuat
thep,
To chc cac phng thc trao oi d lieu gia cac cap,
Xay dng cac giai phap phan mem: Phan mem oc tn hieu
vao ra, phan mem ieu khien cac thiet b cua he thong,
phan mem quan ly_giam sat_ieu khien trung tam,
Xay dng he thong c s d lieu,
Giai phap Internet.

Xay dng mo hnh thc nghiem

Xay dng cau truc phan cng mo hnh,
To chc phng thc trao oi d lieu gia cac cap trong mo
hnh,
Xay dng giai phap phan mem cho mo hnh: Phan mem oc
cac ngo vao/ra, phan mem ieu khien cac thiet b cua
mo hnh, phan mem quan ly_giam sat_ieu khien,
Xay dng he thong c s d lieu,
Xay dng WebServer.

1.3. OI TNG NGHIEN CU

Mot lnh vc ang phat trien manh me a va ang rat can
c ng dung cac thanh qua cua cong nghe ieu khien hien
ai, o la lnh vc san xuat thep. Nhan thay ay la mot trong
nhng lnh vc chu lc cua nen cong nghiep Viet Nam, hoc vien
nghien cu, ng dung he thong SCADA e ng dung co hieu

-15-

qua vao trong lnh cc san xuat thep, nham ap ng nhu cau
cap thiet Viet Nam hien tai va ca tng lai sau nay.

1.4. PHAM VI NGHIEN CU

Trong luan van nay se trnh bay ng dung cua he thong
SCADA e ng dung co hieu qua vao qua trnh quan ly va
ieu khien t ong cong nghe san xuat thep Viet Nam, tm
hieu mc o phat trien hien tai cua SCADA tren the gii va
Viet Nam, rieng Viet Nam th co xet en u nhc iem gia
cac cong ty trong viec ng dung he thong, neu bat hai tieu ch
qua trnh quan ly va ieu khien t ong ng vi viec a
SCADA len Web. He thong mi a c cai tao, nang cap se
ap ng yeu cau giam chi ph nhan cong, tang nang suat
ong thi nang cao kha nang tin cay va tch hp he thong.
Sau o, mo hnh nay se c dung e ap dung vao day
chuyen cong nghe thc te, cac phng thc ieu khien, giam
sat va thu thap d lieu se c nghien cu ng dung, cuoi
cung, tat ca cac phng thc se c ap dung va kiem chng
ket qua ieu khien thi gian thc tren mo hnh thc te la cong
oan can nguoi ao chieu cua cong nghe san xuat thep.

-16-

CHNG II

TONG QUAN VE HE THONG SCADA

HIEN AI
2.1. TONG QUAN VE HE THONG SCADA HIEN AI
2.1.1. He thong SCADA
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) hieu
theo ngha truyen thong la mot he thong ieu khien, giam
sat va thu thap d lieu. Nham ho tr con ngi trong qua
trnh giam sat va ieu khien t xa
Tuy nhien, trong thc te co mot so he thong van
thng c goi la SCADA, mac du nhng he thong nay ch
thc hien duy nhat mot chc nang la thu thap d lieu.

2.1.2. Cac thanh phan cua he thong scada

Cau truc mot he SCADA co cac thanh phan c ban sau:
-

Tram ieu khien giam sat trung tam: Gom

mot hay nhieu may chu trung tam (Central Host Computer
Server).
-

Tram thu thap d lieu trung gian: Gom cac

khoi tiet b vao/ra au cuoi RTU (Remote Terminal Units) hoac

cac khoi ieu khien logic kha trnh PLC (Programmable Logic
Controllers) co chc nang giao tiep vi cac thiet b chap hanh

-17-

nh: cam bien cap trng, cac hop ieu khien ong cat va
cac valve chap hanh, .
-

He thong truyen thong: Bao gom cac mang

truyen thong cong nghiep, cac thiet b vien thong va cac

thiet b don kenh co chc nang truyen d lieu cap trng
en cac khoi ieu khien va may chu, he thong truyen
thong.
-

Giao dien ngi-may HMI (Human-Machine

Interface): La cac thiet b hien th qua trnh x ly d lieu

e ngi van hanh ieu khien cac qua trnh hoat ong cua
he thong.

2.1.3. C che thu thap d lieu

Trong he SCADA, qua trnh thu thap d lieu c thc
hien trc tien qua trnh cac RTU quet thong tin co c
t cac thiet b chap hanh noi vi cac RTU nay. Thi gian e
thc thi nhiem vu nay c goi la thi gian quet ben trong,
cac may chu quet cac RTU vi toc o cham hn e thu
thap d lieu t cac RTU nay, e ieu khien, cac may chu
se gi tn hieu yeu cau xuong cac RTU, t o cho phep cac
RTU gi tn hieu ieu khien trc tiep xuong cac thiet b chap
hanh thc thi nhiem vu.

2.1.4. X ly d lieu
D lieu truyen tai trong he SCADA co the la dang lien tuc
(Analog), dang so (Digital) hay dang xung (Pulse), giao dien c s e

-18-

van hanh tai cac thiet b au cuoi la mot man hnh giao dien
o hoa GUI (Graphical User Interface) dung e hien th toan bo he
thong ieu khien giam sat hoac cac tiet b trong he thong. Tai
mot thi iem, d lieu c hien th di dang hnh anh tnh,
khi d lieu thay oi th hnh anh nay cung thay oi theo.
Trong trng hp d lieu cua he thong bien oi lien tuc
theo thi gian, he SCADA thng hien th qua trnh thay oi d
lieu nay trong man hnh giao dien o hoa (GUI) di dang o th.
Mot u iem ln cua he SCADA la kha nang x ly loi rat
thanh cong khi he thong xay ra s co, nhn chung, khi co s co
he SCADA co the la chon mot trong cac cach x ly sau:
+ S dung d lieu cat gi trong cac RTU: Trong cac he
SCADA co cac RTU co dung lng bo nh ln, khi he thong hoat
ong on nh, d lieu se c sao lu vao trong bo nh cua
RTU. Do o, khi he thong xay ra loi th cac RTU se s dung tam
d lieu nay cho en khi he thong hoat ong tr lai bnh thng.
+ S dung cac phan cng d phong cua he thong: hau
het cac he SCADA eu c thiet ke them cac bo phan d
phong, v du nh he thong truyen thong hai ng truyen, cac
RTU oi hoac hai may chu, Do vay, cac bo phan d phong
nay se c a vao s dung khi he SCADA co s co hoac hoat
ong Offline (co the cho muc ch bao dng, sa cha, kiem tra,
).

2.2. CAU TRUC HE THONG SCADA HIEN AI

2.2.1. Cau truc phan cng

-19-

Co hai lp c ban noi bat trong he SCADA la: Lp

Client _ Client Layer phuc vu cho tng tac ngi may va
Lp quan ly d lien _ Data Server Layer lam nhiem vu
x ly hau het cac hoat ong ieu khien d lieu tien trnh,
lp quan ly d lieu giao tiep vi cac thiet b cap trng
thong qua cac bo ieu khien tien trnh. Cac bo ieu khien
tien trnh nh PLC c ket noi en lp quan ly d lieu mot
cach trc tiep hoac thong qua mang hoac cac bus trng la
cac san pham oc quyen (Siemens H1) hoac khong oc
quyen (Profibus), lp quan ly d lieu gom cac Data Servers
lien ket vi nhau va noi vi cac tram Client thong qua mang
Ethernet LAN.

SITE MAP

|
Hnh 2.1: Cau truc phan cng ien hnh

Cau truc phan cng cua he thong SCADA hien ai cho

nha may san xuat cong nghiep tieu bieu c bieu dien nh
hnh ve sau:

-20-

Hnh 2.2: Cau truc phan cng he thong SCADA

Cang cap di th cac chc nang cang mang tnh chat
c ban hn va yeu cau cao hn ve o nhay, thi gian phan
ng, moi chc nang cap tren eu c thc hien da tren
cac chc nang cua cap di, tuy nhien khong oi hoi thi
gian phan ng nhanh nh cap di, nhng ngc lai lng
thong tin can trao oi va x ly lai ln hn nhieu. Co the coi
ay la mot mo hnh phan cap chc nang cho ca he thong
t ong hoa noi chung cung nh he thong truyen thong noi
rieng cua moat cong ty.
Tng ng vi nam cap chc nang la bon cap truyen
thong trong he thong, t cap ieu khien giam sat tr xuong

-21-

thuat ng Bus thng c dung thay cho Mang, bi v cac

he thong mang pha di eu co cau truc vat ly hoac logic
kieu Bus.
Mo hnh phan cap chc nang se giup ch cho viec thiet
ke he thong va la chon thiet b, trong thc te ng dung, s
phan cap chc nang co the hi khac so vi trnh bay nay,
tuy thuoc vao mc o t ong hoa va cau truc he thong
cu the, trong trng hp ng dung n gian, nh ieu khien
thiet b n gian th viec phan chia nhieu cap la khong can
thiet. Ngc lai, viec t ong hoa mo nha may ln, hien ai
nh ien nguyen t, dau kh, ... th ta co the chia nho hn na
cac cap chc nang e tien theo doi tat ca cac tien trnh
cong nghe.

2.2.2. Luong thong tin trong he thong scada hien

ai
Luong thong tin trong he thong SCADA hien ai c bieu dien
nh hnh 2.3 sau:

Hnh: Luong thong tin trong he thong SCADA hien ai

2.2.3. Cau truc phan mem

Cac san pham phan mem a nhiem va da tren c s
d lieu thi gian thc (RTDB_Realtime DataBase) cua mot hay
nhieu Servers, cac servers lam nhiem vu thu thap d lieu va
x ly (v du: ieu khien tuan t, kiem tra canh bao, tnh
toan, ang nhap ang xuat va thc thi) theo bang liet ke
thong so, ien hnh bi ket noi nh hnh 2.5 sau:

-22-

Hnh 2.5: Cau truc tong quat phan mem he thong SCADA
Tuy nhien, phan mem nay cho phep hien th cac nhiem
vu ac biet nh d lieu lch s, ang xuatang nhap d
lieu, x ly canh bao, hnh ve tren ay mo ta kien truc
phan mem he SCADA tong quat.
San phan phan mem cho he thong SCADA la hoat ong
a nhiem va da tren c s d lieu thi gian thc (Real-Time

-23-

DataBase) c at tren mot hay nhieu may Server.

Nhng

may Server nay co kha nang ap ng cho viec thu thap d

lieu va cac tham so ieu khien nh: goi vong cac bo ieu
khien, kiem tra cac canh bao, tnh toan va ghi nhan d lieu.
Mot cau truc phan mem SCADA tieu bieu c ket noi theo
cac khoi nh hnh ve tren.
D lieu lay t phan cng thong qua cac I/O Driver (tuy
thuoc loai phan cng) hay thong qua OPC Server, d lieu sau khi
lay t phan cng ve la d lieu tho, sau o d lieu c
x ly va cho vao khoi d lieu thi gian thc, cac chc nang
ng dung trong SCADA Server lay d lieu thong qua khoi d
lieu thi gian thc nay.
Trong SCADA Server cung cap cac khoi e giao tiep vi
cac phan mem ng dung khac thong qua c s d lieu ODBC,
trao oi d lieu ong DDE hay API/DLL, SCADA Server cung cap
d lieu cho SCADA Client.

2.2.4. Phan mem ieu khien

Co 2 dang phan mem SCADA
-

Phan mem oc quyen: c xay dng bi

cac cong ty phat trien phan mem hoac cac nha san xuat
phan cng, ho xay dng san cac phan mem i kem vi cac
phan cng cua ho, va sau o cung cap cho khach hang theo
dang cha khoa trao tay.
-

Phan mem m: Do ngi dung t xay dng

bang cac cong cu lap trnh pho bien hay chuyen dung:
Phan mem lap trnh pho bien: C, C++, C#, VC++, VB, va
cac he c s d lieu nh SQL Server, MSSQL, MSACCESS, Oracle,

-24-

Phan mem chuyen dung: Do cac hang ln nh CiTechnologies,

Wonderware, Advantech, Siemens, cung cap.

2.5. Codesys cho MES

2.3. CAC CHC NANG, NHIEM VU CUA CAC

CAP TRONG HE THONG SCADA HIEN AI
2.3.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap chap

hanh
Cap chap hanh bao gom cac c cau chap hanh nhan tn
hieu ieu khien (tn hieu lien tuc hay tn hieu so) t cap ieu
khien. Cac cam bien ghi nhan trang thai hien tai cua cac
thiet b va phan hoi ve cac thiet b ieu khien, cac tnh ieu
chuan cong nghiep: 05V; 010V hay 020mA; 420mA, hoac la
cac tn hieu so.

2.3.2. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ieu khien

(RTUs)
Cap ieu khien RTUs co the la PLC, hay la cac bo ieu
khien nhiet o, bo ieu khien PID, co cac chc nang sau:

Chc nang ieu khien: Thu thap d lieu t cac

thiet b chap hanh thong qua cac cam bien cap
chap hanh va thc hien cac thuat toan ieu khien
thiet b theo yeu cau nh thuat toan PID, logic m, .

Chc nang thu thap d lieu: Thu thap thong tin, d

lieu t cac thiet b thuoc cap chap hanh, sau o gi
nhng d lieu thu thap c len cap ieu khien
giam sat.

Kha nang m rong: Co the m rong cac RTUs nay

thanh mot mang RTUs, ngoai ra cac RTUs nay con co
chc nang nhan leng ieu khien t cap ieu khien

-25-

giam sat e ieu khien va x ly ca thiet b chap

hanh.

2.3.3. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ieu khien

giam sat (MTUs)
Cap ieu khien giam sat MTUs la cap trung tam cua he
thong SCADA bao gom cac bo ieu khien PLC, cac may tnh,
cha phan mem SCADA co chc nang ieu khien, quan ly,
thu thap va lu tr tat ca cac thong tin d lieu va he
thong c s thi gian thc (Realtime DataBase).
Kha nang m rong: Co the ket noi nhieu MTUs lai
vi nhau tao thanh mot he thong MTUs theo chuan mang cong
nghiep hay mang LAN (Ethetnet, Token ring, Token bus,

2.3.4. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ieu hanh

san xuat (MES)
MES la mot he thong mang may tnh ket noi theo LAN, WAN.
Lam nhiem vu quan ly nguon tai nguyen cua toan bo he
thong, lap chng trnh hoat ong, thu thap va lu tr d lieu
(thu hap d lieu qua trnh t cap di), quan ly lao ong, quan
ly chat lng, quan ly qua trnh, quan ly bao dng may moc
thiet b.Cac chc nang cua MES bao gom:
Quan ly va phan phoi nguon tai nguyen
Mo ta qua trnh hoat ong va thiet lap chng trnh chi
tiet
Quan ly nhng n v san xuat nhanh
Quan ly tai lieu
Thu thap d lieu
Quan ly lao ong
Quan ly chat lng san pham

-26-

Quan ly qua trnh hoat ong

Quan ly cong tac bao tr, bao dng may moc, thiet b
Theo doi san pham
Tien hanh phan tch

2.3.5. Chc nang, nhiem vu cua cap ERP

ERP la cao cao nhat trong he thong SCADA hien ai, cunfg
bao gom cac may tnh noi mang LAN, WAN Lam nhiem vu phan
tch hoat ong kinh doanh, quan ly chien lc phat trien, quan ly
ieu hanh kinh te, quan ly ieu hanh toan bo nha may, quan
ly nguon nhan lc.

2.4. MOI LIEN HE GIA CAC CAP IEU KHIEN

TRONG HE THONG SCADA HIEN AI
2.4.1. Moi lien he gia cap chap hanh va cap
ieu khien (RTUs)
2.4.1.1. Cau truc chung
Cap chap hanh va cap ieu khien co cau cau truc nh
hnh sau:

Tuy
loai
dung

bus
ma

vao
s
ta

co

c cac

cau

truc

va

cach

noi mang

tng

ng cho hai cap nay.

4.1.2. Khai niem bus trng, bus thiet b

-27-

Bus trng (FieldBus) c dung e ket noi:

Cac thiet b chap hanh c ket noi vi nhau,
Hoac cac thiet b chap hanh vi cac thiet b chap hanh
vi thiet b ieu khien,
Hoac noi cac thiet b cap ieu khien (PC, PLC) vi nhau .
Bus trng lam nhiem vu chuyen d lieu qua trnh len
cap ieu khien e x ly va chuyen quyet nh ieu
khien xuong cac c cau chap hanh nen yeu cau tnh thi
gian thc c at len hang au, thi gian phan ng tieu
bieu nam trong pham vi t 0.1ms ti vai ms, trong khi o
yeu cau cua lng thong tin trong mot bc ien ch han
che trong khoang mot vai byte, chnh v vay toc o truyen
thng ch can pham vi Mbit/s. viec trao oi thong tin ve
cac bien qua trnh chu yeu mang tnh chat nh ky, tuan
hoan, ch co thong tin canh bao la co tnh bat thng.
e am bao tnh nang hti gian thc mot he thong Bus
phai co nhng ac iem sau ay:
- o nhanh nhay: Toc o truyen thong hu ch phai u
nhanh e ap ng nhu cau trao oi d lieu trong mot giai
phap cu the.
- Tnh tien nh: D oan c ve thi gian phan ng tieu
bieu va thi gian phan ng cham nhat vi yeu cau cua
tng tram.
- o tin cay, kp thi: am bao thi gian can cho viec
van chuyen d lieu mot cach tin cay gia cac tram nam
trong mot khoang xac nh.
- Tnh ben vng: Co kha nang x ly s co mot cach
thch ho e kgong gay hai them cho toan bo he thong.

-28-

ay hoc vien chon PROFIBUS e ket noi, nen ch

trnh bay PROFIBUS DP, PROFIBUS PA. Ngoai ra, chung ta con
co the s dung cac bus trng khac cho hai cap nay nh:Modbus,- Foundation Fieldbus, - DeviceNet, - Interbus-S, - ASI.
2.4.1.3. Mang ng dung PROFIBUS

Mang PROFIBUS-DP (Decentralize Periphery):

Cau truc mang Profibus-DP

Xay dng toi u e ket noi cac thiet b vao/ra phan
tan va cac thiet b trng vi cac may tnh ieu khien,
ap ng cac yeu cau cao ve tnh nang thi gian thc trong
trao oi d lieu di cap trng.
Trao oi d lieu nay chu yeu c thc hien theo c
che chu t, dch vu truyen thong c nh ngha qua cac
chc nang DP c s theo chuan EN 50170. So tram toi a
trong mot mang la 126. Profibus-DP ch thc hien cac lp 1
va 2 trong mo hnh OSI va s dung phng thc truyen
thong khong ong bo. Cac chuan truyen dan la RS485, RS485-IS va cap quang. Truy cap bus DP cho phep s dung cau

-29-

hnh mot tram chu (Mono-Mater), hoac nhieu tram chu (MultiMaster), s dung phng phap Token-Passing va Master/Slave.
Dch bu truyen d lieu: thuoc 2 lp trong mo hnh OSI hay
con goi la lp FDL (Field Data Link).

Mang PROFIBUS-PA (Process Automation):

Cau truc mang Profibus-PA

Profibus-PA la loai bus trng thch hp vi cac he
thong ieu khien yeu cau cao ve chay no. Cho phep noi
mang cac thiet b o lng va ieu khien t ong bang
mot cap oi day xoan duy nhat, s dung ky thuat truyen
dan MBP (Manchester-code Bus Powered) theo IEC 1158-2.
S dung toc o truyen co nh la 31.25 bits/s, ProfibisPA cho phep thc hien bao tr bao dng, thay the khi van
hanh. Dch vu truyen d lieu: thuoc 2 lp trong mo hnh OSI
(Open Systems Interconnection) hay con goi la lp FDl (Fieldbus
Data Link). Truy cap bus: Pa cho phep s dung cau hnh mot
tram chu (Mono-Master), hoac nhieu tram chu (Multi-Master),
s dung phng phap Token-Passing va Master/Slave.

Mang ket hp PROFIBUS-DP va PROFIBUS-PA:

-30-

Cau hnh ghep noi Profibus-DP/PA

Do co cung dch vu truyen d lieu thuoc 2 lp trong
mo hnh OSI hay con goi la lp FDL (Fieldbus Data Link), nen
e tch hp cac oan mang DP va PA ta co the dung cac
bo chuyen oi (PD/PA Link, DP/PA Coupler).

2.4.2. Moi lien he gia cap ieu khien (RTUs)

va cap ieu khien giam sat (MTUs)
2.4.2.1. Cau truc chung
Cap ieu khien va cap ieu khien giam sat co cau cau
truc nh hnh sau:

-31-

Tuy vao loai bus s dung ma ta co c cac cau truc

va cach noi mang tng ng cho hai cap nay.
2.4.2.2. Bus he thong (Bus qua trnh), bus ieu khien
S dung bus he thong (System bus) hay bus qua trnh
(Process Bus) e noi cac bo ieu khien vi cac may tnh
cap ieu khien giam sat, thong qua he thong Bus nay ma
cap ieu khien phoi hp hoat ong ong thi trao oi va
cung cap d lieu cho cap ieu khien giam sat, co the
gian tiep thong qua cac he thong quan ly c s d lieu
tren cac tram chu, cung nh nhan menh lenh, tham so
ieu khien t cap eu khien giam sat. Thong tin khong
nhng c trao oi theo chieu doc ma con theo chieu
ngang, cac tram ky thuat, tram thao tac, va cac tram chu
cung trao oi d lieu qua bus he thong. Ngoai ra cac may
in bao cao d lieu va lu tr cung c ket noi qua mang
nay, oi vi bus he thong nay tuy theo lnh vc ng dung
ma oi hoi ve tnh nang thi gian thc co c at ra
ngat ngheo hay khong. Thi gian phan ng tieu bieu nam
trong khoang vai tram miligiay, trong khi lu lng thong tin
can trao oi ln hn nhieu so vi bus trng, toc o truyen
tieu bieu cua he thong nam trong pham vi t vai tram
Kbit/s en vai Mbit/s. do yeu cau ve toc o truyen thong
va kha nang ket no de dang nhieu loai may tnh.
ay hoc vien chon Industrial Ethernet e ket noi,
nen ch trnh bay Industrial Ethernet. Ngoai ra, chung ta con
co the s dung cac bus trng khac cho hai cap nay nh:
- PROFIBUS FMS,- Modbus Plus, - Fieldbus Foundations High
Speech Ethernet.

-32-

2.4.2.3. Mang ng dung Ethernet (Ethernet/IP, PROFInet,

High-Speech Ethernet)

Cau truc mang Ethernet

Ethernet la mot mang LAN c s dung rong rai hien
nay cho viec lien ket 2 cap ieu khien (RTUs) va cap dieu
khien giam sat (MTUs), Ethernet ch la mang cap di (lp
vat ly va mot phan lp lien ket d lieu) v vay co the
s dung cac giao thc khac nhau pha tren, trong o tap
giao thc TCP/IP la tap giao thc c s dung pho bien
nhat, tuy vay cac nha cung cap san pham co the thc
hien giao thc rieng hay theo theo mot chuan quoc te cho
giai phap cua mnh tren c s Ethernet.
Kien truc giao thc cua Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 trong tap
chuan IEEE 802, lp lien ket d lieu c chia thanh 2 lp
con la lp LLC (Logical Link Control), cau truc mang, ky thuat
truyen dan: Ethernet co cau truc Bus, cau truc mang vat
ly co the la ng thang hay hnh sao tuy theo phng tien
truyen dan, co 4 loai cap c s dung pho bien o la:
10BASE: Cap ong truc day, chieu dai toi a 500m, so
tram toi a 100, mau vang, toc o truyen toi a 10
Mbit/s, phng phap truyen tai dai c s.

-33-

10BASE2: Cap ong truc mong, chieu dai toi a 200m, so

tram toi a 30, card giao dien mang c noi vi cap
ong truc thong qua bo noi thu ong BNC hnh ch T.
10BASE-T: Cap day xoan, chieu dai toi a 100m, so tram
toi a 1024.
10BASE-F: Cap quang, chieu dai toi a 2000m, so tram toi
a 1024, Ghep noi duy nhat la iemiem, cau truc
mang co the la daisy chain, hnh sao hoac hnh cay.
Bo noi doi la voi hut (vampire) ong vai tro nh mot bo
thu phat (trasceiver), thc hien cau truc bus, tuy nhien cac
loi nh t cap, long bo noi kho phat hien v the
phng phap tin cay hn la s dung cau truc hnh sao vi
bo chia (Hub) hay bo truyen mach (Switch), cau truc nay
thng c ap dung oi vi oi day xoan nhng cung
ap dung c vi cap ong truc (nh Industrial Ethernet).
Trong nhieu trng hp ta co the phoi hp nhieu loai cap
trong mot mang Ethernet, cac he thong theo chuan 802.3
s dung che o truyen ong bo vi ma Manchester,
mc tn hieu vi moi trng cap ien la +0.85V va
-0.85V, tao mc trung hoa la 0 V.
C che giao tiep
S pho bien co c cua Ethernet la tnh nang m, th
nhat, Ethernet ch quy nh lp vat ly va lp MAC, cho
phep cac he thong khac nhau thc hien cac giao thc
va dch vu pha tren, th hai, phng phap truy cap bus
ngau nhien CSMA/CD khong yeu cau cac tram tham gia
phai biet cau hnh mang, nen co the bo sung hay tach
mot tram ra ma khong anh hng en phan mang con

-34-

lai, th ba, viec chuan hoa sm trong IEEE 802.3 giup cho
cac nha cung cap san pham thc hien de dang hn.
Trong mot mang Ethernet khong ke ti bo chia hay bo
chuyen mach th tat ca cac tram eu bnh ang nh nhau,
moi tram (module giao dien mang, card mang) co mot a
ch Ethernet rieng biet thong nhat toan cau, viec giao
tiep gia cac tram c thc hien thong qua cac giao
thc pha tren nh NetBUI, IPX/SPX hay TCP/IP.
Truy nhap bus
Phng phap truy cap bus ngau nhien CSMA/CD, mang
Ethernet bao gom cac loai mang nh sau: Mang LAN 802.3
chuyen mach, Fast Ethernet, High Speech Ethernet, Industrial
Inthernet, mang Industrial Ethernet la mang quan ly cap o
cell s dung ky thuat bang c s (Baseband) thch hp vi
chuan IEEE 802.3 va s dung giao thc CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense
Multiple Access/Collision Detection).
Cac u iem cua mang Industrial Ethernet:
La mang toi u cho cac thiet b trong cong nghiep, co
hieu qua cao ngay vi mang co nhieu nut va khoang
cach ln,
Truyen d lieu an toan, khong gay nhieu do cac thiet b
am bao phu hp vi moi trng cong nghiep,
Chi ph thap do giam chi ph lap at,
La mang cong nghiep hang au tren the gii,
Cung ton tai vi cac ng dung Ethernet: mang Novell,
mang LAN, mang TCP/IP,
Cac khai niem mang Industrial Ethernet cung cap them
Khai niem ve c che d tha,

-35-

Kiem tra va chan oan loi,

Co kha nang lap trnh t xa,
Truy cap ti PC va cac mang tren toan the gii,
Thch hp trong moi trng cong nghiep,
Quan ly mang (SNMP) .

2.4.3. Moi lien he gia cap MTUs va cap MES

2.4.3.1. Cau truc chung
Cap ieu khien giam sat va cap ieu hanh san
xuat (MES) co cau cau truc nh hnh sau:

Cau truc mang cap giam sat va cap chap hanh

Tuy vao loai bus s dung cac thiet b nao ma ta co
c cac cau truc va ket noi mang tng ng cho hai cap
nay, sau ay mang x nghiep tieu bieu.
2.4.3.2. Khai niem mang x nghiep
Mang x nghiep la mot mang LAN lam nhiem vu ket
noi cac may tnh van phong thuoc cap ieu hanh MES vi
cap ieu khien giam sat, thong tin c a len t cap
ieu khien giam sat bao gom trang thai lam viec cua cac
qua trnh ky thuat, cac so lieu tnh toan, thong ke ve
dien bien qua trnh san xuat va chat lng san pham,
Theo thong tin chieu ngc lai la cac thong so thiet ke,

-36-

cong thc ieu khien va menh lenh ieu hanh, Ngoai

ra thong tin cung c trao oi manh theo chieu ngang gia
cac may tnh thuoc cap ieu hanh san xuat vi nhau, nh
ho tr lam viec theo nhom, cong tac trong d an hay s
dung chung cac tai nguyen noi mang (nh may chu, may
khach, may in, ), khac vi cac he thong cap di,
mang x nghiep khong yeu cau nghiem ngat ve tnh nang
thi gian thc.
Viec trao oi d lieu thng dien ra khong nh ky,
nhng co khi vi so lng ln ti hang Mbyte, cac loai
mang c dung pho bien cho viec trao oi d lieu gia
cap ieu khien giam sat va cap ieu hanh san xuat.
ay hoc vien chon Ethernet, Token-Ring, tren c s
giao thc nh TCP/IP e ket noi. Ngoai ra, chung ta con co
the s dung cac bus trng khac cho hai cap nay nh:Internet,- Radio, - GPS.

24.4. Moi lien he gia cap MES va cap ERP

2.4.4.1. Cau truc chung
Cap ieu hanh san xuat (MES) va cap quan ly cong ty
(ERP) co cau cau truc nh hnh sau:

2.4.4.2. Khai niem mang cong ty

-37-

Mang cong ty nam tren cung trong mo hnh phan cap

he thong SCADA hien ai, ac trng cua mang cong ty nay
gan vi mot mang may tnh dien rong nhieu hn tren cac
pham vi va hnh thc dch vu, phng phap truyen thong va
cac yeu cau ve ky thuat.
Chc nang cua mang cong ty la ket noi cac may tnh
van phong cua cac x nghiep, cung cap cac dch vu trao
oi thong tin noi bo vi cac khach hang nh th ien t,
th vien ien t, hoi thao t xa qua ien thoai, hnh anh,
cung cap dch vu truy cap Internet va thng mai ien t,
Hnh thc to chc ghep noi mang cung nh cac cong nghe
c ap dung rat a dang, tuy thuoc vao au t cua cong
ty. Trong nhieu trng hp mang cong ty va mang x nghiep
c thc hien bang mot he thong mang duy nhat ve mat
vat ly, nhng chia thanh nhieu pham vi va nhom mang lam
viec rieng biet. Mang cong ty co vai tro nh mot mot
ng cao toc trong he thong ha tang c s truyen thong
cua mot cong ty, v vay oi hoi toc o truyen thong va
o an toan tin cay.
ay hoc vien chon Fast Ethenet e ket noi, nen ch
trnh bay Industrial Ethernet. Ngoai ra, chung ta con co the
s dung cac bus trng khac cho hai cap nay nh:- FDDI,ATM.
2.4.4.3. Mang ng dung Fast Ethernet

2.5. QUAN LY VA LU TR D LIEU TRONG HE

THONG SCADA

Trong thc te mot he thong SCADA luon oi

hoi chung ta phai quan ly va lu tr mot lng d lieu ln,

chnh v the khi thiet ke ta can xem xet en viec thiet ke he

-38-

thong c s d lieu nh the nao va quan ly lam sao, hau het

cac hang eu cung cap cac phan mem chuyen dung e xay
dung he thong SCADA eu co the ket hp trong viec lu tr, truy
xuat va thao tac vi cac he c s d lieu nh SQL, Server,
Oracle, Microsoft Access, DB2, Informix, FoxPro, Ngoai ra cac hang
phan mem SCADA ln cung xay dng nhng he c s d lieu
cho cac san pham phan mem cua mnh nh vi hang Wonderware
th co IndustrialSQL ServerTM (InSQL Server), con Siemens th co the
ket hp vi he c s d lieu SQL Server 2000, noi chung hau
het cac hang eu co ho tr he c s d lieu cua Microsoft.
Co hai loai d lieu trong he thong SCADA ma chung ta can quan
tam o la:
- C s d lieu quan he (relation Database): o chnh la SQL
Server, Oracle, Microsoft Access, BD2, Informix, FoxPRO, cho phep ta
xay dng mot he thong c s d lieu cho toan bo he thong
va thng nam cap ieu khien giam sat tr len nham muc
ch quan ly, lu tr va chia se d lieu vi cac phong ba khac
nhau.
- C s d lieu thi gian thc (Realtime Database): o chnh
la Server d lieu thi gian thc nh OPC Server, ta co the truy suat
d lieu thi gian thc ben trong OPC Server cua he thong thong
qua cac chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian thc nh: OPC-DA (data
Access), no cung cap truy xuat d lieu thi gian thc, chung ta co
the truy van (query) en cac kieu d lieu ieu khien qua trnh
t OPC-DA Server. Server d lieu thi gian thc thng nam cap
ieu khien giam sat tr xuong o la trung tam cho cac cap
pha tren co the truy xuat d lieu thi gian thc cua he thong.

-39-

6. I/O DRIVER VA OPC TRONG HE THONG

SCADA
6.1. Gii thieu ve I/O Driver
6.1.1. Gii thieu ve I/O Driver
Thong tin gia phan mem SCADA va thiet b phan
cng (he thong t ong AS) trong cong nghiep c trao oi
qua lai bang n v Tag. Tuy vao so lng Tag nay ma
chung ta co the anh gia he thong la ln hay nho.
Tag c xem nh mot bien phan mem, c dung e
cha gia tr cua bien qua trnh c oc ve t phan cng
hay e ghi gia tr en phan cng, moi thiet b phan cng
co mot cach oc/ghi cac Tag nay theo cach ac thu rieng,
mot c cau phan mem e oc, ghi cac Tag nay la I/O Driver,
I/O Driver la mot phan t phan mem cai at lien ket
phan cng AS va Tag trong SCADA, thong thng phan mem
SCADAcho phep nhieu I/O Driver hoat ong cung mot luc ket
noi en nhieu he thong t ong AS.
V tr cua I/O Driver c the hien tren hnh ve sau:
Hnh 3.3: V tr cua I/O Driver.

6.2. Gii thieu ve OPC (OLE for Process Control)

6.1.1.

Nguyen tac c ban cua

OPC
OPC la chuan trao oi d lieu da tren c che
Client/Server, v tr cua OPC trong he thong SCADA nh hnh ve
sau:

-40-

Application

OPC I/F

OPC I/F

SCADA
System

Physical I/F

Physical
I/O

Physical I/F

Physical
I/O

OPC
Server

Hnh : Chuan OPC trong he thong SCADA

Thong qua phan mem SCADA HMI cac OPC Client c
ket noi ti OPC Server thong qua mang LAN e trao oi d
lieu vi nhau lam nhiem vu trao oi d lieu trong he thong
thong tin cong nghiep.
6.1.2.

Kien truc OPC

OPC co cau truc Client/Server nh hnh ve sau:

Application X
OPC Client

OPC Server
A

Application Y

...
OPC Client

OPC Server
B

OPC Server
C

Hnh : Kien truc OPC

Cac ng dung cua OPC Clients co the la Display
Aplication, Trend Aplication hoac Report Aplication. OPC co hai
thanh phan quan trong, th nhat la OPC Server lam nhiem
vu quan ly toan bo d lieu cua cac thiet b thu thap d
lieu nh PLC, I/O, RTUs, th hai la OPC Group lam nhiem vu
sap xep cac Items thanh tng nhom e tien cho viec truy
cap.

-41-

Vi viec ng dung cac phan mem chuyen dung trong

qua trnh xay dng mot he thong ieu khien SCADA, ta luon
co the to chc qua trnh trao oi d lieu dung OPC.
6.1.3.

Cac chuan OPC

OPC gom cac chuan sau:

- OPC-DA:
- OPC-HAD:
- OPC-AE:
- OPC-DX:
- OPC-XLM

CHNG 3

CAC GOI GIAI PHAP TOAN

DIEN CUA WONDERWARE
3.1. TONG QUAN VE WONDERWARE
Wonderware la tap oan san xuat phan mem, cung cap
giai phap t ong hoa ln nhat the gii cua Hoa Ky, c
thanh lap vao cuoi nam 1986, en nay Wonderware chiem lnh
26% th trng phan mem cong nghiep tren toan cau. Hang
ngay co 33% cac nha may ln tren the gii s dung cac san
pham cua Wonderware cho cac hoat ong san xuat va kinh doanh
cua ho, cac san pham cua Wonderware bao gom cac giai phap
va cac module sau:

2.1. Mot so san pham modules chnh

1-Intouch: Module thiet ke giao dien ngi may HMI (Human
Machine Interface), cho phep ngi van hanh quan sat trc

-42-

quan nhng hoat ong ang dien ra trong nha may tren man
hnh may tnh.
2-Wonderware Historian: Module thu thap d lieu t san
nha may vao may tnh chu Server tren nen MS SQL, e
chia se thong tin cho cac phong ban. Module nay co kha
nang nen ti 80% d lieu, giam thieu ganh nang ve
phan cng cho he thong va kha nang ket noi d phong
vi cac bo ieu khien e tranh mat thong tin trong cac
trng hp ket noi b loi.
3-Wonderware Analyst and Roporting: Module phan tch va
lap bao cao t c s d lieu Wonderware Historian, Module
nay cho phep cac nha quan ly co c thong tin, bao cao
trung thc theo thi gian thc, e co c nhng quyet nh
kp thi va nhng ke hoach san xuat hp ly.
4-Information Server: Module cho phep ngi van hanh, nha
quan ly theo doi thong tin san xuat tren Website che o
thi gian thc, au co Internet, ni o ban co
the giam sat c nha may, la khau hieu cua
Wonderware.

2.2. Mot so goi giai phap tron bo

Cac goi giai phap toan dien cua wonderware:
1-Geo-SCADA (Geograhically Distributed Supervisory Control And
Data Acquisition). La goi SCADA dang cho cac nha may x
ly nc thai, nghanh phat ien, truyen tai ien nang,
dau kh, van tai, va truyen thong, , vi tnh nang de s
dung, de thi hanh.
2-MES & EMI (Manufacturing Execution System & Enterprise
Manufacturing Intelligence) la goi giai phap phan mem tong

-43-

the danh cho cac nha may san xuat thc an, o uong,
dc pham, hoa pham, hoa dau, .
3-Goi giai phap danh rieng cho cong nghe san xuat
thep
Cac giai phap phan mem bo sung cua wonderware:
- Supervisory HMI Software Solutions _ Wonderware con cung
cap them cac giai phap phan mem HMI giam sat, co the
m rong len en mot trieu I/O va giam ang ke chi ph
chu ky song cua he thong.
- Production and Performance Management Software
Solutions _ Them vao o, Wonderware cung cap cac giai
phap quan ly cau hnh va san pham, cac giai phap nay
c thiet ke e tang cng tnh nang hoat ong va giam
chi ph tong.
Nhng giai phap nay cung cap nhng tnh nang ong
nhat, co the giup ch cho cac cong ty de dang thc thi mot
giai phap SCADA hoan toan mi hoac nang cap he thong
SCADA hien hanh, nhng tnh nang nay la:
-

n gian va hieu qua, giai phap phan mem m oi

vi he thong SCADA.

Cac ng dung SCADA m, rat thc te va hieu qua.

Co san phan mem d phong.
Ho tr kien truc AchestrA e de dang trong mo ta tien
trnh, quan tr va bao mat he thong tng thch vi he
thong bao mat IT hien hanh

Cho phep ngi dung thiet ke, xay dng, trien khai va
bao tr cac ng dung he SCADA chuan.

-44-

Chi ph tong thap cho chu ky lam viec cua he thong.

3.3. Goi giai phap danh rieng cho cac doanh

nghiep san xuat thep
Wonderware co rieng mot goi giai phap phan mem t
ong hoa danh cho cac nha may thep, goi phan mem nay
da tren kien truc ArchestrA dung cac phan mem Industrial
System Platform e ket noi vi cac bo ieu khien, PLC va tch
hp vi he thong san co e trao oi thong tin, thu thap d
lieu vao Module Historian cho muc ch chuan hoa c s d lieu
va chia se thong tin san xuat, InTouch e theo gioi, giam sat
va ieu khien, Analyst and Reporting cho bao cao, x ly theo
thi gian thc va Information Server cho viec thu thap d lieu va
bao cao t xa.

-45-

Hnh 1: Mo hnh ArchestrA _ Giam sat, ieu khien cua Wonderware

Tai phong ieu khien trung tam, d lieu se c a ve
may tnh e hien th giam sat, tai ay cac ky s van hanh co
the nh ngha logic cua quy trnh cho tng cong oan san xuat
cua toan bo nha may, moi cong oan san xuat nay, cac
nha giam sat, quan ly co the biet c tnh trang nguyen vat
lieu tieu thu, kiem ke chat lng san pham loi, WIP (Work in
Process), . ay la Module quan trong cho cac nha may san xuat
can giam sat, ieu khien chat lng san pham, nang cao hieu
suat san xuat, tiet kiem nang lng va quan ly tai nguyen
theo tng me, tng tien trnh.

-46-

Da tren kien truc phan mem AchestrA, he thong MES cua

Wonderware c thiet ke e ho tr phat trien hoat ong san
xuat va giam c chi ch tong quat,cho phep m rong quy mo
san xuat va hien th d lieu thong tin tng ng vi mc o
san xuat hien hanh vi viec trien khai co mc o rui ro thap
khi tien hanh tang cng tnh nang ng dung ma ta co the
nhan biet tng bc tai tng thi iem.
Goi giai phap phan mem nay c thiet ke da tren quy
trnh, logic cua cong nghe san xuat thep, cac Module chuyen
dung, cac ham Logic a c tch hp san, giup ngi thiet ke
co th vien san e thc hien lap cau hnh, xay dng va thay
oi ng dung, giam thieu chi ph danh cho phan tch va thiet ke
he thong. Mat khac, no c thiet ke theo hng kien truc
m, hoan toan tng thch vi cac he thong, cac bo ieu khien
PLC san co cua nha may. Do vay, viec tch hp giai phap vao
nha may ang s dung la hoan toan kha thi ma khong phai

-47-

mat nhieu thi gian dng hoat ong cua nha may, ky s tin, ky
s ien t ong hoa eu co the tiep can va lam chu cong
nghe cua Wonderware trong thi gian ngan.
3.1.2. De mo ta, bao tr n gian
Wonderware cung cap goi phan mem SCADA tin cay, linh hoat
va de bao tr, nhng giai phap nay c xay dng va c tch
hp vi mot kien truc phan mem n le va tnh nang m, cho
phep ket noi ti gan nh bat ky he thong t ong nao, RTU
(Remote

Terminal

Unit),

IED

(Intelligent

Electronic

Device),

PLC

(Programmable logic controller), c s d lieu (DataBase), lu tr

thong tin qua kh (Historian) hoac he thong kinh doanh ang c
s dung hien thi. Tnh nang m cua cau truc cho phep ngi
s dung m rong he thong hien hanh ma khong phai bo tien
ra e mua phan cng hay he thong ieu khien mi.
Cac giai phap cua Wonderware cho phep giao tiep peer-topeer, them vao o, nguon tai nguyen hien hanh trong phan
mem con cho phep mo hnh hoa he thong hien hanh, viec lu
tr nay mat kha nhieu thi gian khi tien hanh bo sung them
phien ban mi cho cac tram ieu khien giam sat, thiet b may
moc hoac cac tram gia sat. Bi v ky s co the s dung lai
giai phap nguyen ban co cha tat ca thong tin can thiet cho
qu1a trnh ieu khien, v nh cac bao cao, cac canh bao va cac
phng phap truyen thong, cho phep nang cao o tin cay cua he
thong v cac phan mem nguyen ban hien hanh a c kiem
chng.
3.1.3. o tin cay

-48-

o tin cay luon c nang cao bi nhng tnh nang ti han,

ac biet quan trong trong cac lnh vc dau kh va kh ot, nc
va nc thai va cac he thong ien. Wonderware thc hien cong
tac nang cao o tin cay bang cac cong cu a c lien ket
san, t o cho phep thc thi xac nhan moi cap thuoc quy
trnh t ong, Wonderware cung cho phep nang cao o tin cay theo
tng cap d lieu mot cach linh hoat, them vao o cac tnh
nang tin cay tieu chuan c cung cap bi he thong Microsoft
Windows, e bao ve he thong ieu khien khong b anh hng
vat ly hoac cac phan t ieu khien. Wonderware cung cap pham
vi bao mat t man hnh bang ma khoa e khong cho phep
ngi khong phan s tac ong ieu chnh vao trong he thong,
ngi s dung cung co the de dang mo ta, quan ly tien trnh
va bao mat he thong mot cach tng thch vi he thong tch
hp bao mat IT hien hanh cua nhi s dung.
3.1.4. Kha nang m rong khong gii han
Cac ng dung u linh hoat e cho phep cac cong ty them
vao cac thiet b nh cac tram bm, khi co yeu cau m rong,
trong khi van gi c cac ket qua va au t ky thuat ban au,
t mot vai tram en mot vai trieu I/O va t mot tram n
en hang tram tram, Wonderware luon ap ng c tat ca yeu
cau ve he thong vao thi iem hien tai va ca trong tng lai.
3.1.5. Phan mem d phong tien ch
Wonderare rat de s dung va thc thi phan mem d phong
cho he thong SCADA, bao gom cac phan t d phong trong SCADA
nh cac giao tiep gia cac thiet b, d lieu lch s va hien th
giao dien HMI. Ch vi mot cai click chuot, ket noi giam sat co

-49-

the phuc hoi bi mot may tnh hien th khac, hoac hai ket noi
giam sat co the phuc hoi lan nhau, s dung cac ket noi hien
hanh e phuc hoi he thong cung se lam giam chi ph mot
cach ang ke va tang o tin cay va tnh on nh cua he
thong SCADA.
3.1.6. Giam chi ph tong au t
Cac
thng

san
rat

pham
kho

ky

thuat

trong

viec

phat trien cac

ng dung trong he

thong

SCADA,

ieu nay lien quan

en qua trnh

phat trien lien tuc

cua

he

thong,

nhien, vi cac

giai

phap

men

cua

tch

hp
SCADA

tuy
phan

Wonderware,

cac thiet b va he thong a s dung trong moi trng

SCADA eu co the mo hnh hoa nh la cac oi tng mau, v du,
tram bm di ong cung co the xem la mot oi tng. Mot khi
oi tng a c mo ta, chung co the c s dung lai
xuyen suot trong toan he thong e de dang cho phep them
vao oi tng tram bm khi can thiet, viec lu tr nay ton kha
nhieu thi gian khi them vao cac tram bm hoac cac RTU va n
gian hoa cong tac bao tr. Tuy nhien, v thong tin cua tram bm
c lu tr theo mau, viec thong nhat o tin cay gia he
thong va thiet b cung can c nang cao. Cac giai phap phan
mem SCADA cua Wonderware va cac cong cu se cho phep chung
ta thiet ke, xay dng, trien khai va chuan hoa cong tac bao tr,
bao mat, cac giai phap tin cay vi chi ph cho chu ky song he
thong thap nhat.

-50-

3.1.7. Thu thap va phan tch d lieu oi vi he thong

mi va he thong hien hanh
D lieu lch s Wonderware cung cap goi phu tr n gian
trong s dung va linh hoat trong viec nh ngha phng cach thu
thap d lieu, lu tr va khoi phuc, tat ca d lieu t lien quan
en nguon d lieu hoac thi gian nhap eu c tch hp ay
u vao trong mot c s d lieu thong tin thong nhat.
3.1.8. Tao bao cao
Phan Wonderware cho phep de dang tao ra cac bao cao
can cho viec ieu chnh, cac bao cao ieu chnh co the c
t ong hoan toan, kem theo thong tin d lieu chnh xac theo
gi, ngay, tuan va thang theo dang bieu o o th cha cac
gia tr cc ai, cc tieu va trung bnh da tren nhng khoang
thi gian khac nhau, nhng bao cao nay sau o co the nhanh
chong va de dang c tao ra, in an va lu tr, lam cho n
gian hoa quy trnh bao cao.
3.1.9. Trc quan hoa
Wonderware noi tieng vi cac tnh nang noi bat la de quan
sat, de s dung va de mo ta dang bieu o, cac Wizards va
cac bieu tng thong minh cua Wonderware cho phep ngi s
dung nhanh chong khi tao va trien khai cac ng dung theo yeu
cau cua khach hang e ket noi va cung cap thong tin che
o thi gian thc, cac ng dung co the hien th t mot man
hnh n le hoac nhieu man hnh khac nhau.

-51-

3.2.1. Cac tien ch

- Giam chi ph quan ly va chi ph san xuat.
- Tang nang suat va chat lng san pham.
- Giam nhng anh hng lien quan en tnh tng thch, cac cap
quan ly.

3.2.2. Cac tnh nang

- nh v, ac tnh ky thuat va mang lai li nhuan.
- Quan ly noi tien trnh hoat ong va cho phep thong ke, anh
gia.

-52-

- ieu chnh tng thch theo quy luat mot cach linh hoat.
- Thu thap d lieu mot cach t ong.
3.4. ng dung goi giai phap danh rieng cho cac doanh
nghiep san xuat thep tai nha may san xuat Nucor tai
California _ Hoa Ky
Nha may san xuat
Nucor tai California _ Hoa
Ky

la

mot

trong

nhng nha san xuat

thep hang au the
gii, chat lng thep
cua

ho

luon

anh gia cao tren th

trng My va chau
Au,

gom

cac

san

pham nh thep cuon, thep ong, thep ac chung va thep vat

lieu xay dng. Nucor a rat thanh cong trong viec ng dung giai
phap cua Wonderware vao nha may ang san xuat, vi ket qua
at c nh sau:
-

Khu vc luyen kim cua nha may luyen thep la

mot trong nhng ni co moi trng cong nghiep gay gat nhat
trong the gii san xuat. Khi nhiet o vot len 3000 o F tng
ng 1/3 nhiet o mat tri, roi hang tram tan thep nguyen
lieu tho ang c ao lieu, s bien dang khong the tin c se
xuat hien tren cac thiet b va he thong ieu khien.
-

Phan ln viec san xuat Cac-bon va hp kim

thep tren the gii eu s dung lo ien ho quang e un nong

-53-

chay phe lieu thep. Tai nha may Nucor, c 180 tan kim loai
nhap lieu th co 80% la thep tai che. Moi lan van chuyen vao
lo la mot lng nang lng ln khung khiep 1.200 Vol va 160.000
Ap-mot-phe b tieu ton, mi u sc nong e un nong chay
lieu nhap. Nhng tap chat noi len be mat c loai bo, e lai
165 170 tan kim loai long nguyen chat. Cac-bon va hp kim
thep sau o se c tron them nham gia tang o ben keo va
o cng chat thep theo yeu cau. Khi hon hp nay hoan hao se
c chuyen en he thong uc e tao ra cac san pham vi
kch thc khac nhau theo nhu cau.
-

Kha nang linh hoat trong moi trng nay la

thach thc then chot khi cac thiet b h hong thng xuyen va
phai thay the kp thi. Ngoai ra doanh nghiep cung con phai
chuan b e oi pho vi nhng yeu cau th trng thay oi
nhanh chong. Bang cach cung cap mot bc tranh sang sua, mo
ta ieu g se xay en trong suot qu1a trnh. Wonderware a mang
en cho Nucor mot he thong ap ng c kha nang linh hoat
nay.
-

Nurco a s dung giai phap t ong hoa nha

may theo kien truc ArchestrA cua Wonderware ket hp vi cac bo

PLC cua Allen_Bradley e giam sat va ieu khien toan bo qua
trnh hoat ong cua nha may. Tai phong ieu khien trung tam,
cac ky s van hanh se thay c toan bo nhng g se xay ra
trong nha may, nh nhiet o lo ot, ham lng Cac-bon, va xu
hng cua he thong. Lap ke hoach san xuat, bao tr, bao
dng e giam thieu kha nang dng may v cac s co.
3.4.1. Nhng li ch trc tiep va co anh hng sau rong
cua nha may Nucor

-54-

Mot trong nhng li ch ln nhat ma chung ta co the nhan

thay c la s loai bo thi gian may moc khong hoat ong,
mot van e pho bien thng thay trong khoi nong chay lien
quan en loi tao ra nhng hoc b chay trong mep lop cua lo
luyen hay noc ben tren chung, nhng hoc nay b tao ra bi
mot vai hoat ong khong nh mong i khac nhau, bao gom lech
cung la ien, loe cung la ien hay chay ngc t mot Co-Jet
ay tinh khiet vao phan ng lam tang nhiet o. Mot trong
nhng loi tao ra nang lng nay phai c chuyen qua manh
thep ri co hng ve mep lop lam no tung khe nt ma mat
hang tieng va co the hang ngay e sa cha.
Dung dau o e theo doi nhiet o pha lo nung cho phep
ky s van hanh thc hien kha nang thu thap va theo gioi nhiet
o nay chnh xac hn nhieu va at c qua trnh kiem soat
phc tap, ieu nay giup cho Nucor co kha nang lam hai viec.
Ngay lap tc cho phep chung ta canh bao va dng trc khi
xuat hien hoc, chung ta co the lam tat ca ngoai tr viec loai
bo cac hoc t khi co u d lieu t he thong en phan tch
va xac nh xu hng va ieu nay co the tiet kiem 2-5% kha
nang san xuat thong qua viec loai bo thi gian khong hoat ong
cua may moc, ieu nay con cho phep chung ta co kha nang
kiem soat tien tien hn thay v dap tat lo nung, chung ta co the
ieu chnh lo nung, cho chung ta tiet kiem c 5-10% ien nang
trung bnh ma t le trc tiep vi nang lng san xuat.
Giam thi gian khong hoat ong cua may moc va tang
nang lng san xuat ch la mot trong nhng li ch au tien
trong viec thc thi, he thong mi nay co nhng anh hng ro

-55-

rang en chat lng cua bao cao hoat ong hang ngay, trc
khi trien khai he thong mi nay, d lieu van hanh c truyen
trc tiep t PLC t tang shop-floor en he thong kiem soat d
lieu tap trung ni ma mot ng dung C se dch lai no trong he
thong d lieu. ieu nay co ngha la 3 bo d lieu khac loai se
c yeu cau va chung luon khong tng thch, giai phap
Wonderware tron bo chnh la giai phap toi u nhat, ap ng
thoa ang nhng g ma Nucor mong muon.
3.4.2. Li ch thiet thc cho cac doanh nghiep thep Viet
Nam
Nguyen vat lieu, gia vat lieu ngay mot tang, viec cat
giam chi ph san xuat la mot viec quan trong cho tat ca cac
doanh nghiep san xuat trong o co san xuat thep, vi goi
phan mem tron bo danh cho cac nha may thep cua
Wonderware, se giup cac nha may thep Viet Nam tang cng
nang lc san xuat, cai tien chat lng, tiet kiem nang lng
va chi ph quan ly e oi pho c vi th trng ay bien
ong tren toan cau.
Giam thieu thi gian dng hoat ong nha may va cac chi
ph bao tr, bao dng thiet b hong hoc do khong co s giam
sat trc tiep he thong.
Viec xay dng mot he thong t ong hoa hien ai cua
Wonderware, se giup nha quan ly de dang giam sat moi hoat
ong cua nha may theo thi gian thc e co nhng phan ng
kp thi oi vi cac bien co cua th trng trong nc va the
gii.

-56-

Nha au t se nhanh chong hoan von au t cho mot giai

phap t ong hoa hien ai bi v: Gia nhien lieu, nguyen vat
lieu ngay mot tang cao, do vay nhng ch so % tiet kiem se
co y ngha va gia tr oi mot nha san xuat.
Tch hp vao he thong san co cua nha may ang hoat
dong ma khong can phai thao d va thay the hoan toan, ket
noi linh hoat vi cac he thong a co va kha nang thay oi
nhanh chong, s dung Wonderware, cac ky s Viet Nam trong cac
nha may de dang tiep can va lam chu cong nghe v tnh than
thien va kha nang m rat cao, tng thch vi hau het cac PLC,
phan cng hien co tren th trng va de dang nang cap vi
cac phien ban mi cua Microsoft.

3. TRUYEN THONG TRONG HE THONG SCADA

Intouch s dung DDE (Dinamic Data Exchange), FastDDE, NetDDE
va cac chuan giao tiep SuiteLink e giao tiep vi cac chng trnh
Windows khac, Wonderware I/O Servers va cac chng trnh I/O Server
th ba e giao tiep vi the gii thc.

1.1.

WONDERWARE SUITELINK
Wonderware Suitelink

s dung TCP/IP da tren Protocol (mot

tap cac tieu chuan e trao oi thong tin gia hai he thong
may tnh hoac hai thiet b may tnh vi nhau). SuiteLink c thiet
ke ac biet e phu hp trong moi trng cong nghiep, vi cac
tnh nang sau:
Truyen toan ven d lieu,
Toc o truyen thong cao,
De chuan oan loi: Kiem tra tnh hoat ong chnh xac cua
phan cng va phan mem cua may tnh

-57-

e s dung chuan truyen thong SuiteLink, can phai:

1.

nh cau hnh Mcrosoft TCP/IP.

2.

at ten cho cac may tnh

(Node Names) khong qua 15 ky t.

3.

Wonderware

SuiteLink

phai

hoat ong nh mot dch vu. Neu v ly do nao o ma SuiteLink b

ngng hoat ong, chung ta can phai khi ong lai. (SuiteLink se
t ong cai at khi ta cai at Intouch, no c nh cau hnh e
t ong khi ong nh NT Service).
SuiteLink khong thay the c cho DDE, FastDDE, hoac NetDDE.
Moi ket noi gia mot Client va mot Server eu tuy thuoc vao
tnh trang mang hien hanh. SuiteLink c thiet ke ac biet cho
cac ng dung cong nghiep toc o cao.

1.2.

DDE
DDE (Trao oi d lieu ong) la c che trao oi thong tin

gia cac qua trnh chay trong mot may tnh. No c cai at
trong cac san pham cua Microsoft Windows. Cac cong nghe tiep
theo gom co OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), COM (Component
Object Model), va DCOM (Distributed COM).

C che lam viec cua chuan trao oi d lieu DDE

-58-

Microsoft Windows cung cap nhieu phng phap truyen d lieu

gia cac ng dung, mot trong cac phng phap o la dung giao
thc DDE (Dynamic Data Exchange), DDE la tap cac tin nhan
(messages) va ch dan (guigelines). No gi cac tin nhan gia cac
ng dung chia se d lieu va s dung chia se bo nh e trao
oi d lieu gia cac ng dung. Windows cung ho tr DDEML
(Dynamic Data Exchange Management Library), DDEML la mot DLL )
Dynamic Link Library) ma cac ng dung co the s dung e chia
se d lieu. DDEML cung cap cac ham va tin nhan, thay v gi va
x ly ca tin nhan DDE trc tiep, mot ng dung se dung DDEML
e quan ly cuoc trao oi gia ng dung Client va Server.
Tin nhan trong Windows ch bao gom 2 tham so Wparam va
Iparam e truyen d lieu, ac tnh giao thc DDE la ch 5nh
chnh xac viec s dung tham so Wparm va Iparam oi vi moi tnh
huong truyen d lieu. Hai ng dung tham gia trong DDE c goi
e thc hien oi thoai, ng dung khi tao oi thoai la ng dung
DDE Client, ng dung tra li Client la DDE Server. Mot ng dung
co the tham gia nhieu cuoc oi thoai trong cung thi gian, ong
vai nh mot Client va nh mot Server. Giao thc DDE nhan dien d
lieu chuyen gia Client va Server vi 3 mc nh sau: application,
topic, va item names.
Moi cuoc oi thoai c nh ngha duy nhat bi ten
application va ten topic, tai thi iem bat au cua mot oi thoai
DDE Client va Server xac nh ten application va ten topic, ten
applicatin thng la ten cua ng dung Server, v du khi Exel ong
vai mot Server trong cuoc oi thoai th ten ng dung la Exel. DDE
topic neu cac ng dung hoat ong tren c s cac files th no la
ten file, con cac ng dung khac co ten ng dung ac biet.

-59-

Ten Item la thong tin lien quan cuoc oi thoai ia Client va Server.
Mot cuoc oi thoai DDE bao gom cac s kien sau ay:
- ng dung Client khi tao oi thoai va Server tra li.
- Cac ng dung trao oi d lieu bi bat ky hay tat ca cac
phng thc sau: ng dung Server ghi d lieu en Client tai yeu
cau cua Client, ng dung Client t nguyen gi d leu en ng
dung Server, ng dung Client yeu cau ng dung Server thong bao
cho Client khi thay oi d lieu, ng dung Client yeu vau ng dung
Servsr gi d lieu cho Client khi thay oi d lieu.
- Client hay Server ket thuc cuoc oi thoai.

1.3.

NetDDE
NetDDE (Trao oi d lieu ong tren mang) _ La mot phien

ban cua DDE, co tat ca cac tnh nang cua DDE, va con m
rong DDE len mang. Vi DDE, cac ng dung tren nhieu tram lam
viec co the dung chung thong tin ong vi nhau. Sau khi tao cac
tai nguyen chia se DDE (DDE share), NetDDE se cung cap cac moi
lien ket gia cac tram lam viec. Mot DDE share tng t nh viec
chia se tap tin, may in va bao gom tat ca nhng tnh nang ve
bao mat cho cac Client tren mang, no lam viec thong qua giao
thc TCP/IP cho ket noi nhanh v Server va Client co the x ly song
song.
Hien nay, nhng cong nghe mi hn nh: COM (Computer
Object Model); DCOM (Distributed Component Object Model); ActiveX giup
m rong hn mo hnh trao oi d lieu ong. Khi mot NetDDE hoat
ong th no can cac van e nh:
- Tren ca hai may server va Client phai chay file NetDEE.EXE.
- Tren Serveer, DDE phai c tao.
- Chng trnh Client phai c dung cap Service/Topic ac biet
\\computer-name\NDDE$\Share-name.

-60-

Han che cua DDE la so lng d lieu trao oi gia 2 ng

dung ang chay.

CHNG IV

NG DUNG CUA SCADA TAI

CONG TY SAN XUAT THEP TAM
LA PHU MY

1.

CONG TY THEP TAM LA PHU

MY
Ngay nay kho co the hnh dung mot cuoc song hien ai
ma thieu i bong dang cua thep noi chung va thep tam la
noi rieng. Thep a hien dien va gi vai tro quan trong trong moi
lnh vc cua i song t cong nghiep, quoc phong en dan
dung. Thep va cac san pham t thep a gan bo va nang
cuoc song cua chung ta.
Cong ty thep tam la Phu My la n v thanh vien trc
thuoc Tong cong ty Thep Viet Nam c thanh lap nam 2001 vi
nhiem vu chuyen san xuat va cung cap chung loai thep can
nguoi mem va cng , thep cuon a qua tay ra boi dau P.O
theo tieu chuan JIS cua Nhat Ban , DIN cua c, EN cua chau
Au va ASTM cua My. La nha cung cap san pham thep can
nguoi au tien tai Viet Nam , thep cua Phu My c s dung
khong ch trong lnh vc xay dng ma con trong nhieu nganh
san xuat khac , ac biet la lnh vc san xuat thep phang va
ben nh : la ma kem , ton ma mau , vo lon o hop , va ca
nhng nganh khac ang phat trien tai Viet Nam hien nay nh :
che tao o to , xe may , o gia dung va trang tr noi that.

-61-

Cong suat cua thep Phu My co cong suat se len en

405 ngan tan mot nam bao gom cac chung loai thep tam c
san xuat theo cong nghe tien tien cua Y, Hoa ky, Ao vi qui
trnh van hanh hoan toan t ong.

2.

CAC CONG OAN SAN XUAT

Toan bo quy trnh cong nghe tai Cong Ty San Xuat Thep

Tam La Phu My c mo ta nh hnh ve sau:

Mo hnh thu nho he thong san xuat thep

1.3.

Day chuyen tay ra

-62-

au tien,
thep

en

4mm; chieu rong t

1350mm

va trong lng toi a

650

tan

a vao day chuyen

axt.

Day chuyen nay s

phng

phap keo ay lien

ra

dung

(cuon

nong) co chieu day

1,5

tay

lieu

can

t
25

nguyen

tuc trong bon tay ra ac biet loai HCL TURBOLOTM cua nha san
xuat Danieli Wean United cha mot lng chat tay ra tng oi
nho nhng am bao tay nhanh, hieu qua sach va nang suat cao,
ngoai ra, day chuyen con co khu vc ra c thiet ke theo
kieu tang am bao ra sach clorua con bam tren be mat bang
thep sau khi tay. Cuon nguyen lieu c lam sach bang qua trnh
phan ng vi dung dch axt Clohydric (HCL) nong o 18-20 % trong
ieu kien nhiet o 75 85 o C trc khi a ti cong oan can
nguoi.
Sau khi tay sach lp oxt tren be mat bang thep tiep tuc i
qua he thong trung hoa axt ra sach, c say kho va cat mep
nham at kch thc theo yeu cau. Sau o bang thep tiep tuc i
qua he thong phun dau tnh ien nham chong b oxy hoa be
mat tr lai.
Hoan thanh cong oan nay ,mot phan san pham c
xuat xng di dang thep cuon qua tay ra goi la san pham
PO. San pham nay c dung cho che tao o to, xe may va cac
chi tiet ky thuat khac trong cong nghe che tao may.

1.4.

Day chuyen can nguoi ao chieu

Phan con

lai c chuyen qua

cong oan can

nguoi. Cong ty thep

tam

My

la

Phu

dung

cong

-63-

nghe can nguoi ao chieu 4 truc co tnh nang can giam o

day bang thep can nong xuong o day san pham theo yeu
cau khach hang (c cau san pham sau khi can co chieu day t
0,15-1,8mm).
Thiet b can nguoi cua Cong ty thep tam la Phu My la
cong nghe mi nhat cua au thap nien 2000. Qui trnh cong
nghe san xuat c t ong hoa hoan toan, chieu day va o
phang cua bang thep sau moi lan can c kiem soat t ong
bang tia X va cac sensor, a tn hieu phan hoi ve he thong
PLC, VME e x ly, tac ong len he thong thiet b thuy lc
HAGC e tang giam lng ep truc can, ieu chnh lng va ap
lc phun emusion theo tng vung khac nhau, uon cong truc can
hoac thay oi o nghieng truc can bang he thong E-block e
am bao chieu day va o phang bang thep gan nh tuyet oi
theo yeu cau. San pham ra khoi may can nguoi goi la san
pham cng ( Full hard) co the a ra day chuyen cuon lai , boi
dau (chia cuon neu can) va c cung cap cho cac nha may ma
kem.

1.5.

Phan xng lo u
Ra

nguoi,
he

khoi
cuon

cong

oan

can

thep c a ti

thong

e tai tao lai cau

hat

va

at c c tnh va

be mat sang

hoan chnh. Cong ty

thep tam la

Phu

chon

nghe u thng hoa

truc

cong

My

la

kieu chuong chup trong moi trng 100 % kh Hydro bao ve cuon
thep, ay la cong nghe u hien ai nhat hien nay.

-64-

Nh chung ta biet, trong qua trnh can, to chc mang tinh

the kim loai b xo lech, to chc hat kim loai b keo dai theo
phng can lam cho c tnh cua bang thep tr nen cng, do o
cong oan u thng hoa nham muc ch phuc hoi lai to chc c
ban mang tinh the va to chc hat kim loai nham at o mem
deo theo yeu cau. ay la cong oan quan trong vi nhng yeu
cau ky thuat cao va phc tap. Chuong u c nung nong gian
tiep bang gas nhiet o 650 - 750 o C trong 24 30 gi, lam
nguoi trong 20 25 gi tiep theo tuy theo mac thep. Do van hanh
trong moi trng 100% kh hydro, sau khi u cuon thep se co chat
lng ong nhat va toc o u cao hn do s chuyen oi nhiet
cao hn. Vi mot loat thiet b kiem tra nhit o, o ro r kh,
thiet b x ly t ong nen he thong lo u cua Cong ty Thep
Tam La Phu My at mc an toan tuyet oi.

1.6.

Day chuyen can va la nan

Bc tiep

theo, cuon thep c

a sang cong

oan can la nan, tai

ay

mat

bang thep c can

lng

ep nho 0.5 2% tao

nen o cng

be mat nhat nh

ong thi cai

thien o phang cua

be mat cuon

thep . giup cho be

la

be
vi

mat cuon thep co mot o cng nhat nh e ngan nga sc

keo cang trong cong oan gia cong tao hnh tiep theo, ieu nay
cung giup cai thien o phang cua cuon thep sau khi u va tao
ra o nham be mat cho cuon thep.
2.7. Day chuyen cuon lai

-65-

Cuon
nguoi

thep
(san

sau

pham

khi

cng)

hoac

sau khi can la

nan

mem) xong se

c chuyen ti day

chuyen

lai.

cuon

(san

can

Tai

ay,
lai

cuon

thep se c

kiem

day,

rong, chat lng be

chieu

tra

pham

chieu

mat, xen canh, la phang va c phu lp dau bao ve chong

oxy hoa, ong thi c chia thanh nhieu cuon nho co trong
lng khac nhau tuy theo yeu cau cua khach hang.Trong day
chuyen cun li co trang b he thong la phang be mat (Tension
leveller) co kha nang sa cha cac khuyet tat tren be mat
nh : buckle, song canh va cac khuyet tat khac ve bien dang
cua bang thep e bao am chat lng san pham thoa man
yeu cau khach hang.

1.7.

Kiem tra va th nghiem

Sau cung, chat lng moi cuon thep cua Cong Ty Thep

Tam La Phu My (PFS) xuat xng eu c am bao bang mot

chuoi kiem tra va th nghiem trong suot qua trnh san xuat en
khi thanh pham. Kch thc va trang thai be mat cua cuon
thep cung nh cac hoat ong kiem nghiem c tnh khac cua
bang thep eu c th mau va kiem tra mot cach nghiem
ngat da tren cac bo tieu chuan JIS, DIN, EN va ASTM thoa man
toi a yeu cau cua khach hang .

2. CAC OI TNG IEU KHIEN

Cac oi tng ieu khien c s dung rat nhieu trong het
hong ieu khien nha may san xuat thep tam la la Valves,
Motors, ... va cac bo ieu khien PID.

-66-

Tong quat cho cac oi tng ieu khien gom cac khoi nh sau:
Hnh 7.2: Khoi chc nang cua oi tng
Khoi Database: dung cha cac d lieu ve oi tng o.
Khoi Output module: ngo ra t PLC e ieu khien oi
tng.
Khoi Interlock: giao tiep cac ieu kien e cho phep oi
tng hoat ong.
Khoi HMI: giao tiep vi phan SCADA e ch th trang thai
va thao tac ieu khien t may tnh.

Khoi ham FB: chng trnh ieu khien oi tng c thc

hien trong PLC.

2.3.

Valves

Khoi DB khai bao cac tham so cho oi tng ieu khien Valves.
Trong d an ieu khien co rat nhieu Valves, mot DB cha thong
tin cua tat ca cac van:
Chng trnh trong khoi ham ieu khien Valves:

Giao dien cua Valves tren man hnh HMI Scada:

2.3.3.

MOTORS

Khai bao tham so cho motors trong khoi DB:

-67-

Chng trnh trong khoi ham ieu khien Motor:

Man hnh giao dien HMI Scada cho oi tng motors:

2.3.4.

BO IEU KHIEN PID

S dung khoi ieu khien PID co san trong PLC.

Giao tiep khoi nay len he thong SCADA:

CHNG V

MO HNH THC NGHIEM

1.

XAY DNG CAU TRUC HE THONG

Mo hnh mo phong: Tao ao ac ve s chuen ong cua chng

trnh ieu khien tren may tnh bang cach ghi mot loat hnh anh
lien tiep bieu dien nhng thay oi v tr mot cach t t cua
nhng oi tng can bieu dien, roi hien th lai cac hnh anh o
u nhanh, sao cho mat ngi cam thay hnh anh chuyen ong t
nhien ma khong co cam giac b giat.

1.1.

Cau truc phan cng cua mo hnh

-68-

L3 Server Future
Level 2

OWS (PWS)

L2 Server

FDA

HMI

Level1 + Level1 Hi

VME

VME

HiPac

HiPac

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

Remonte I/O
ET 200S
Remonte I/O
ET 200S

Main Drive
ABB

Drive
Simovert

Main Drive
ABB

Drive
Simovert

Main Drive
ABB

ASi/DP - MCC

Remonte I/O
ET 200S

Cau truc mo hnh cong nghe san xuat thep

Cap 1: Cap chap hanh bao gom cac thiet b hien trng.
Cap 2: Cap ieu khien cuc bo bao gom cac bo ieu khien
PLC va may tnh (Configuration and maintenance).
Cap 3: Cap ieu khien giam sat (SCADA) bao gom may tnh
giam sat ieu khien trung tam ong thi cung ong vai tro
may tnh Server.
Cap 4: Cap ieu hanh san xuat (MES) va giam sat he
thong t xa, la mot may tnh thc hien ttrao oi d lieu cap
3 qua mang Internet da tren giao thc http.
Cap 5:
Trong o:

-69-

(1):
(2):
(3):
(4):
(5):
(6):
(7):
(8):
(9):
(10):
(11):
(12):
(13):
(14):
(15):

1.2. Chc nang nhiem vu cua cac cap

i.

Chc nang nhiem vu cac thiet

b cap 1
Nhiem vu chnh cua cap mot la cac thiet b chap hanh
phuc vu cho qua trnh ieu khien khi co thep tam la i vao va i
ra, nhan tnh hieu ieu khien t cac bo ieu khien cap tren,
cac cam bien phat hien thep tam la thu nhan trang thai hien
dien cua thep tam la khi i vao cung nh i ra e a len cac
thiet b ieu khien cap tren.
1.2.2. Chc nang nhiem vu cac thiet b cap 2
Chc nang chnh cua cac thiet b cap 2 la:

-70-

Chc nang ieu khien: Cac thiet b PLC, may tnh, thu thap
d lieu t thiet b cap 1 sau o thc hien cac thuat toan ieu
khien thiet b theo yeu cau,
Chc nang thu thap d lieu: Cac thiet b nay thu thap thong
tin, d lieu t cac thiet b cua cap mot va gi thong tin, d
lieu thu thap c len cap 3 (cap ieu khien giam sat,
Nhan lenh ieu khien t cap 3 (cap ieu khien giam sat),
X ly va ieu khien cac thiet b cap 1 (valves va cac c cau
chap hanh).
- PLC va Module CP243-1: Chng trnh ieu khien cac thiet b vao
ra, ket noi vi Hub tai phong trung tam thong qua cap mang RJ45.
1.2.3.

Chc nang nhiem vu cac thiet b cap

3
Chc nang chnh cua cac thiet b cap 3 la:
La cap trung tam cua he thong lam nhiem vu quan ly toan
bo he thong, tat ca thong tin, d lieu qua trnh eu c thu
thap, lu tr tai ay, va he thong c s d lieu thi gian thc
(Realtime Data Server) cung nam tai nay,
Cha phan mem he thong SCADA quan ly, giam sat, ieu
khien toan bo he thong, x ly, lu tr d lieu va co chc
nang ieu khien toan bo he thong thong qua cac chuan trao
oi d lieu thi gian thc (Realtime Data Acess).
Quan ly chng trnh giam sat qua trnh
- May tnh giam sat ieu khien trung tam (Server): Cha toan bo
phan mem SCADA cua he thong, he c s d lieu (SQL Server
2000), giao dien giam sat toan bo he thong, lu tr thong tin
san pham vao trong c s d lieu (DataBase) va gi cac lenh
ieu khien thiet b vao ra xuong cho PLC.

-71-

1.2.4. Chc nang nhiem vu cac thiet b cap 4

Chc nang chnh cua cac thiet b cap 4 la:
Phan tch hoat ong kinh doanh,
Quan ly chien lc phat trien, quan ly ieu hanh kinh te,
Quan ly ieu hanh toan bo nha may,
Quan ly nguon nhan lc,
Ra quyet nh, thong bao ke hoach thiet b cung nh bao tr,
bao dng .
- Cap ieu hanh nay la mot may tnh giam sat, ieu hanh he
thong vi cac chc nang sau:
- Giao dien thu thap d lieu t cap ieu khien giam sat thong
qua Internet.
- Lay thong tin t cap ieu khien gia sat, ra quyet nh, thong
bao va ieu hanh chung xuong cap di.
1.2.5. Chc nang nhiem vu cac thiet b cap 5
Chc nang chnh cua cac thiet b cap 5 la:

1.3. Phan tch quan he gia cac cap trong he

thong
1.3.1. Cap cam bien/c cau chap hanh vi cap ieu
khien cuc bo
Cap cam bien chap hanh va cap ieu khien co cau truc
nh hnh ve sau:

-72-

VME

VME

HiPac

HiPac

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

PLC
S7

Remonte I/O
ET 200S
Remonte I/O
ET 200S

Main Drive
ABB

Drive
Simovert

Main Drive
ABB

Drive
Simovert

Main Drive
ABB

ASi/DP - MCC

Remonte I/O
ET 200S

-73-

PLC S7

Remonte I/O
ET 200S

Drive
Simovert

Remonte I/O
ET 200S

Drive
Simovert

Remonte I/O
ET 200S

MCC
ASi/DP

M
M

ASi

ASi

ASi

Cau truc thiet b ngo vao

-74-

Hnh anh thiet b loi vao cua mo hnh

Cau truc thiet b ngo ra

Hnh anh thiet b loi ra cua mo hnh
Trong o:
1.

La PLC S7200 CPU 224,

2.

La Module Ethernet CP243-1,

3.

Sensor hong ngoai.

- PLC va Module CP243-1: Xuat tn hieu ieu khien, gi trang thai

lam viec len cho Server (Server d lieu thi gian thc PC Access),
nhan tn hieu t cac sensor, gi thong tin t sensor len Server e
ra quyet nh, nhan lenh ieu khien va trao oi d lieu thi
gian thc (chnh la PC Access Server).
- Bo ieu khien PLC_S7 300: Tn hieu t cac cam bien, c cau
chap hanh c ket noi en cac thiet b I/O t xa hay cac bo
ieu khien cuc bo, cac I/O t xa hay bo ieu khien cuc bo lien
ket vi cac tram PLC S7-300 trung tam, so lng PLC trung tam
tuy thuoc vao quy mo cua nha may.
1.3.2. Cap ieu khien cuc bo vi cap ieu khien giam
sat
Cau truc cap ieu khien vi cap ieu khien giam sat co
cau truc nh hnh sau:
Cau truc cap 2 vi cap 3
Hnh anh cap ieu khien va cap ieu khien giam sat

-75-

Trong o:
1.

PLC S7200 vao ra.

2.

Module Ethernet CP243-1 vao ra

3.

La Hub D-Link ket noi mang.

4.

May tnh Server trung tam (ong thi la may tnh giam

sat ieu khien).

2.3.5.

Cap ieu khien giam sat

vi cap ieu hanh

san xuat
Cau truc cap ieu khien giam sat vi cap ieu hanh co cau
truc nh hnh sau:
Cau truc cap 3 vi cap 4 qua Internet
Hnh anh cap ieu khien giam sat va cap ieu hanh
Trong o:
1.

Hub D-Link ket noi mang.

2.

May tnh Server trung ta (Cung la may nh giam sat

ieu khien).
3.

May tnh giam sat ieu hanh qua mang Internet.

1.3.4. Cap ieu hanh san xuat vi cap he thong d an

nguon doanh nghiep
Cau truc cap 4 vi cap 5 qua

2. TO CHC QUA TRNH TRAO OI D LIEU

2.1 Yeu cau at ra

-76-

Qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cac cap trong he thong

cong nghe san xuat thep phai c la chon sao cho ap ng
cac yeu cau sau:
Yeu cau ve qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap cam bien/c
cau chap hanh vi cap ieu khien cuc bo: Kha nang ap
ng thi gian thc cao, hoat ong tin cay, linh hoat.
Yeu cau ve qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien vi
cap ieu khien giam sat: Kha nang ap ng thi gian thc
cao, hoat ong tin cay, linh hoat, ap ng cac chuan khat
khe trong cong nghiep.
Yeu cau ve qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien
giam sat vi cap ieu hanh san xuat: Kha nang ap ng
kp thi, hoat ong tin cay, linh hoat.
Yeu cau ve qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu hanh san
xuat vi cap quan ly cong ty: Kha nang ap ng thi gian
thc cao, hoat ong tin cay, linh hoat.

2.1. Trao oi d lieu gia cap cam bien/c cau

chap hanh vi cap ieu khien cuc bo
2.1.1. La chon phng thc trao oi d lieu
Vi yeu cau nh tren viec trao oi gia PLC va cac thiet
b cap cam bien/chap hanh c la chon nh sau:
La chon MANG PROFIBUS:
Mang PLC lien ket cac bo ieu khien cuc bo, I/O t xa qua
mang Profibus chuan, vi he thong truyen thong khong ong
nhat, dang m, Profibus la mang danh cho cac cell va cac field
c dung trong moi trng cong nghiep, mang Profibus thch hp
vi chuan Profibus EN 50170 (1996).
Cac u iem cua mang Profibus:

-77-

Profibus la he thong mang ang dan au trong th trng

Fielddus, ang c s dung rong rai,
Chi ph lap at thap,
Tnh bao mat d lieu cao, s dung cap oi xoann va cap
quang,
La he thong mang chuan hoa va m, co the s dung cac
thiet b cua cac nha san xuat khac nhau,
He thong co tnh linh hoat cao, co the ap ng nhieu yeu
cau.
Cac chc nang mang Profibus cung cap them:
Kiem tra va chan oan loi,
Co kha nang truy cap en cac ng dung cua Windows,
Co c che d tha bang ng truyen bang cach dung OLM,
Co kha nang thi gian thc,
Kha nang lap trnh t xa.
2.1.2. Qua trnh trao oi d lieu
Trao oi d lieu gia cap chap hanh vi cap ieu khien
Trao oi gia PLC va cac thiet b cap chap hanh: c thc
hien theo cac chuan trao oi d lieu gia cac thiet b ieu
khien vi cac thiet b cap trng, o la chuan Profibus nh hnh
sau:
Mo ta qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap 1 vi cap 2

2.2. Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien vi

cap ieu khien giam sat
2.2.1. La chon phng thc trao oi d lieu

-78-

Vi yeu cau nh tren viec trao oi gia cap ieu khien

vi cap ieu khien giam sat c la chon nh sau:
-

TCP/IP: La mot tap chuan (cac giao thc) dung

cho qua trnh truyen phat va sa loi oi vi cac d lieu, cho

phep chuyen d lieu t may tnh c ghep vi mang internet
sang cac may tnh khac.

2.2.2. Qua trnh trao oi d lieu

Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien vi cap ieu khien giam
sat

-79-

Trao oi d lieu theo chuan Realtime Data Access

Trao oi d lieu thong qua ADO

- Trao oi d lieu gia PC Access vi PLC S7200 vao ra: PC Access
la Server d lieu thi gian thc, truy xuat d lieu vi PLC S7200.
- Trao oi d lieu gia may tnh Server vi PLC S7-200 vao ra
thong qua chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian thc theo giao thc
TCP/IP.
Qua trnh trao oi d lieu co the c mo ta nh hnh
ve sau:

-80-

Mo ta qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap 2 vi cap 3

Cac chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian thc (Realtime Data
Access) va cong nghe ADO a trnh bay trong chng 3.

2.3. Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien giam

sat vi cap ieu hanh san xuat
2.3.1. La chon phng thc trao oi d lieu
2.3.2. Qua trnh trao oi d lieu

-81-

Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu khien giam sat vi cap ieu
hanh qua Internet

-82-

Hoat ong gia trnh khach va trnh chu

Mo hnh trieu goi va dien dch trang ASP

Trao oi d lieu gia may tnh Server vi may tnh giam
sat ieu hanh t xa nh hnh sau:

-83-

Mo ta qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap 3 vi cap 4

- Web Server: S dung ASP.NET va c che ADO.NET.
- Web Client (Browser): S dung tren may giam sat, s dung
trnh duyet Web qua mang LAN.
- Cac chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian thc va cong nghe
ADO a c trnh bay trong chng 3. ng dung Web viet bang
ASP.NET s dung C# va cong nghe ADO.NET a c trnh bay trong
chng 3.

1.4.

Trao oi d lieu gia cap ieu

hanh san xuat vi cap he thong d an nguon

doanh nghiep
Mo ta qua trnh trao oi d lieu gia cap 4 vi cap 5

-84-

3.XAY DNG HE THONG PHAN MEM

3.1. Tong quan he thong phan mem
He thong phan mem bao gom cac Module chng trnh sau:
- Xay dng giao dien quan ly ngo vao/ra.
- Chng trnh ieu khien toan bo he thong.
- Chng trnh giam sat, ieu khien trung tam.
- Xay dng WebServer.
He thong phan mem cua mo hnh c mo ta nh hnh sau:
He thong cac phan mem trong cong nghe san xuat thep
Moi quan he gia cac chng trnh phan mem

3.2. Xay dng giao dien quan ly he thong

3.2.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu

Chc nang, nhiem vu chnh cua giao dien quan ly he

thong cong nghe la:
-

Cha toan bo cac giao dien con cua he

thong,
-

La loi vao tat ca cac chng trnh con phuc vu

cong tac quan ly ieu hanh cong ty.

3.2.2.
-

Xay dng giao dien

S dung cac nut lenh Command_Button, cac

hop hnh anh PictureBOX, cac nhan Lable e tao giao dien quan
ly toan bo he thong.
-

S dung ?e hien th cac form chng trnh con

Giao dien chng trnh khi chay chng trnh co dang nh hnh sau:
Giao dien chng trnh quan ly cong nghe

-85-

3.3. Xay

dng

server

lieu

thi

gian

thc

(Realtime Data Server)

3.3.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu

Realtime Data Server co cac nhiem vu chnh nh sau:

-

Quan ly toan bo viec s dung khai thac cac

d lieu, ai dien cac thiet b PLC ieu khien vao/ra.

-

Cha cac Items cua PLC vao/ra phuc vu viec

truy xuat e giam sat ieu khien toan bo he thong theo chuan
OPC Data Access.
Hoc vien s dung phan mem PC Access 1.0 cua Siemens e
xay dng Server d lieu thi gian thc cho he thong cong nghe,
thong qua c s d lieu thi gian thc nay hoc vien xay dng
cac Client e truy xuat (oc va viet) nham trao oi d lieu thi
gian thc vi PLC vao/ra thong qua chuan trao oi d lieu thi
gian thc OPC Data Access. Trao oi d lieu theo chuan OPC Data
Access vi cac chng trnh giam sat va ieu khien he thong,
Cung cap cac giao dien chuan cho cac OPC Client truy xuat d
lieu thi gian thc cua cac PLC ngo vao/ra.
3.3.2.

Xay dng Server d lieu thi gian thc

Viec xay dng Server d lieu thi gian thc s dung phan
mem PC Access 1.0 cua Siemens nh sau:
-

Tao s lien ket gia cac PLC vao/ra va khai

bao ten cho cac PLC vao/ra.

-

Thiet lap truyen thong theo chuan giao thc

TCP/IP en cac Module Ethenet PC 243-1 (khai bao a ch IP va a

ch TSAP cho tng Module).

-86-

Tao cac Groups quan ly cac Items cua cac PLC

vao/ra.
-

Tao cac Items la cac bien nh, bien vao ra

cua cac PLC vao/ra.

-

Kiem tra trang thai ket noi gia OPC Server vi

cac PLC vao/ra.

-

Cac Items tng ng cho cac PLC nh bang sau:

Cac Items tng ng cho cac PLC vao/ra

Sau khi xay dng xong, chay chng trnh Realtime Data server ta
co giao dien nh sau:
Giao dien chng trnh Realtime Data server

3.4. Chng trnh ket noi d lieu thi gian thc

3.4.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu

Chng trnh ket noi d lieu thi gian thc co cac chc
nang, nhiem vu nh sau:
- Tao ket noi en cac OPC Server ang s dung, tao ket noi en
cac Groups cua cac PLC vao/ra.
- Tao ket noi en cac Items, chnh la cac bt nh, cac au vao,
cac au ra cua chng trnh PLC vao/ra.
- Qua trnh tao ket noi nham phuc vu cho cac chng trnh con
trong he thong trao oi d lieu vi cac PLC thong qua chuan trao
oi d lieu thi gian thc Realtime Data Access.
3.4.2.

Xay dng giao dien ket noi OPC Server

Xay dng mot Realtime Data Client e tao mot giao dien ket
noi en Server d lieu thi gian thc (OPC Server) theo chuan trao

-87-

oi d lieu thi gian thc Realtime Data Access, tao ket noi en
cac OPC Server (PC Access 1.0) tren may tnh Server nh chng trnh
ket noi d lieu thi gian thc.
Sau khi a co cac danh sach cac Iems cua cac PLC ta se la
chon cac Items ma ta can ket noi e phuc vu qua trnh trao oi
d lieu cua cac chng trnh con khac.
Nh vay qua trnh ket noi en cac Items tai cac PLC a hoan
tat, cac Items nay san sang cho cac chng trnh con khac trong
he thong phan mem s dung, sau khi chay chng trnh ket noi
OPC Server ta co giao dien thc hien ket noi nh hnh sau:
Giao dien chng trnh ket noi Realtime Data Server

3.5. Xay dng c s d lieu quan he (Database

Server)
3.5.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu

He c s d lieu quan he (CSDL) con goi la DataBase Server

tai may tnh Servver, hoc vien s dung SQL Server 2000 e xay
dng he thong c s d lieu quan he cho toan he thong cong
nghe can thep, va mot may tnh Server e lu tr toan bo d
lieu he thong nham muc ch quan ly, lu tr va chia se d
lieu vi cac phong ban khac. He thong c s d lieu co cac
chc nang va nhiem vu chnh sau:
-

La ni cha toan bo d lieu ay u thong

so ngay, gi,
-

Cung cap d lieu cho cac chng trnh con trong

he thong nh: Chng trnh

-

Cha d lieu phuc vu cong tac hau kiem.

Cha d lieu phuc vu cong tac bao cao.

-88-

Cha d lieu phuc vu truy xuat t cap ieu

hanh giam sat t xa qua mang Iternet.

3.5.2.

Xay dng he c s d lieu

He thong c s d lieu quan he (DataBase Server) c thiet

ke gom cac table nh hnh sau:
Cac bang trong c s d lieu
Chi tiet cac bang c mo ta nh sau:
3.5.3.

Truy xuat c s d lieu

Sau khi a tao xong c s d lieu ta se s dung cong nghe

ADO va ngon ng truy van SQL trong Wonderware e truy xuat va
lam viec vi c s d lieu, cu the se c trnh bay trong tng
chng trnh con pha di.

3.6. Chng trnh ieu khien thiet b ngo vao/ra

3.6.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu

Phan mem ieu khien PLC vao/ra: Chng trnh

ieu khien cac thiet b vao/ra a cac thong tin qua trnh len
Server d lieu thi gian thc, nhan lenh ieu khien thiet b t
Server d lieu thi gian thc, trao oi d lieu vi Server d lieu
thi gian thc.
3.6.2.

Chng trnh PLC vao/ra

Chng trnh PLC vao/ra viet bang STL nh trong phu luc .

3.7. Chng trnh giam sat, ieu khien trung tam

3.7.1.

Chc nang, nhiem vu

Cac chc nang, nhiem vu cua chng trnh giam sat, ieu khien
trung tam nh sau:
-

Chc nang giam sat he thong:

Giam sat cac thong so chung cua cong nghe can thep

nh: chung loai, o day mong,

-89-

Giam sat hoat ong thiet b ngo vao/ra nh: nhan dien
thep vao, thep ra,
Giam sat hoat ong cac PLC nh tnh trang cua PLC va
cua Module, loi nguon, loi chng trnh,
Giam sat hoat ong thiet b ngo ra nh
Chc nang ieu khien he thong:
ieu khien cac thiet b ngo vao can thep,
ieu khien cac thiet b ngo ra cuon thep,
Xay dng chng trnh
e giam sat ta thc hien ham read cac Tag a co trong
Sever d lieu thi gian thc theo chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian
thc nh sau:
e ieu khien ta thc hien ham write cac Tag a co trong
Server d lieu thi gian thc theo chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian
thc nh sau:
3.7.2.

Giao dien giam sat ieu khien

Sau khi chay chng trnh th ta co giao dien giam sat va ieu
khien he thong nh hnh ve sau:
Giao dien giap sat va ieu khien trung tam

3.8. Xay dng webserver

3.8.1.

Muc ch

Trao oi d lieu vi cac tram ieu hanh t xa qua mang Internet,

ieu hanh he thong co cac chc nang sau:
-

Giao dien thu thap d lieu t cap ieu khien

giam sat thong qua Internet.

-90-

Lay thong tin he thong t cap ieu khien

giam sat, ra quyet nh, thong bao va ieu hanh chung xuong
cap di.
3.8.2. Xay dng WebServer
S dung IIS(Internet Information Service) pha Server la mot ng
dung, ket hp HTML vi ma bien dch da tren trnh duyet Web.
ng dung IIS cha tren WebServer ni no nhan yeu cau t trnh
duyet Web, thi hanh oan chng trnh va tra ap ng ve cho trnh
duyet Web, ng dung IIS c cau tao bi mot loai oi thng
ac biet goi la Webclass cha mot day cac tai nguyen goi la
WebItems, webClass la n v chc nang trung ng cua ng dung,
x ly d lieu t trnh duyet Web va gi thong tin en ngi s
dung, ta se nh ngha cac thu tuc quy nh cach thc WebClass
ap ng yeu cau, con WebItems la nhng trang HTML va cac d
lieu ma WebClass co the gi en trnh duyet Web.
S dung mo hnh oi tng ASP (Active Server Page Trang Web
nang ong) e tra thong tin ve trnh duyet Web cung nh quan
ly thong tin tren ket noi hien hanh, giao thc c dung trong
qua trnh trao oi d lieu qua mang Internet la giao thc HTTP
(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Giao thc truyen tai sieu van ban).
C che hoat ong Web tuan theo mo hnh khach chu Client/Server,
trnh khach (Web Client) gi yeu cau en trnh chu (Web Sever) x
ly va tra ve ket qua e trnh khach hien th, trnh khach la
Browser (hay trnh duyet). Ta s dung mo hnh oi tng ASP.NET,
viec ho tr truy xuat d lieu da tren cong nghe ADO.NET.
3.9. Giao dien ieu hanh t xa qua mang Internet
Trang chu giao dien ieu hanh t xa qua mang Internet nh hnh ve
sau:

-91-

Giao dien trang chu

Khi vao trang thong tin he thong, ta co giao dien nh hnh ve sau:
Giao dien trang thong tin he thong
Khi vao trang quan tr he thong, ta co giao dien nh hnh ve sau:
Giao dien trang quan tr he thong

CHNG VI

KET LUAN
1. CAC KET QUA AT C
Sau khi thc hien xong luan van ng dung he thong
SCASA trong cong nghe san xuat thep hoc vien a hoan
thanh cac nhiem vu at ra, cu the vi cac ket qua nh sau:

1.1. Ket qua sau qua trnh nghien cu

-

Nghien cu cau truc he thong SCADA hien

ai, cho phep ta thiet ke va xay dng cac he thong t ong

hoa tch hp toan dien, co the ng dung trong hau het cac lnh
vc khac nhau nh: cong nghiep, nong nghiep, dc khoa, giao
thong, , t o chung ta co the giam sat gia thanh au t,
tang chat lng san pham, lam chu cong nghe, tao s phat
trien ben vng gop phan vao cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa
hien ai hoa at nc.
-

Nghien cu cc nang nhiem vu cua tng

cap, cac chuan trao oi d lieu gia cac cap trong he thong
SCADA hien ai, cho phep ta la chon cap o ieu khien, la chon
cac phng thc trao oi d lieu toi u, o tin cay, ap ng

-92-

yeu cau thi gian thc, phu hp trong tng lnh vc ng dung
cu the.
-

Nghien cu yeu cau quan ly va lu tr c s

d lieu cua he thong SCADA hien ai, hoc vien co the hieu
c tam quan trong cua d lieu trong cac he thong t ong
hoa tch hp, qua o co the giup cho cac qua trnh san xuat,
kinh doanh at hieu qua cao.

1.2. Ket qua sau khi xay dng giai phap he

thong cong nghe san xuat thep
-

Giai phap he thong cong nghe san xuat

thep cho phep quan ly toan bo quy trnh cong nghe mot cach
hieu qua, mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao.
-

Giai phap he thong cong nghe san xuat

thep ap ng yeu cau cua cac nha quan ly, kinh doanh san
xuat thep, cac cong oan nh nhap nguyen lieu, san xuat, ban
hang eu nam trong tam kiem soat, qua o tao tao hieu qua
kinh doanh cao cho cac nha au t.
-

Giai phap he thong cong nghe san xuat

thep cho phep ieu hanh va quan ly toan bo he thong thong

qua mang Internet, ieu nay thc s rat co y ngha v nhu cau
thc te hien nay cho thay viec quan ly, ieu hanh, giam sat,
truy xuat va ieu khien cac qua trnh cong nghe san xuat
thong qua mang Internet ang la xu the phat trien cua nghanh t
ong hoa hien nay tren the gii va Viet Nam cung khong nam
ngoai xu the o.

1.3. Ket qua sau khi xay dng phan mem

phep:

Chng trnh oc nguyen lieu thep vao/ra, cho

-93-

oc va lay thong tin a len DataBase,

Trao oi d lieu vi cac PLC e ieu khien thiet b vao ra
thong qua chuan trao oi d lieu thi gian thc Realtime Data
Access,
Ket noi va truy van c s d lieu trung tam thong qua SQL va
ADO .
-

Chng trnh ieu khien toan bo he thong

thiet b, cho phep:

ieu khien toan bo thiet b vao/ra,
Ket noi vi Realtime Data Server thong qua Module Ethernet theo
giao thc TCP/IP.
-

Chng trnh giam sat va ieu khien trung tam,

cho phep:
Giam sat cac thong so chung cua quy trnh nh: ,
Giam sat trang thai hoat ong cua cac thiet b vao ra nh: ,
Giam sat hoat ong PLC vao ra: tnh trang cua PLC va ca
Module, loi nguon, loi chng trnh, ,
ieu khien cac thiet b vao ra:
He thong c s d lieu (DataBase Server), cho phep:
Cha toan bo d lieu khi co nguyen lieu i vao vi ay u
thong tin ngay gi, loai thep,
Cha toan bo d lieu khi co san pham i vao vi ay u
thong tin ngay gi, loai thep, ,
Cung cap d lieu cho cac chng trnh con trong he thong nh: ,
Cha toan bo d lieu e phuc vu cong tac hau kiem,
Cha toan bo d lieu e phuc vu cong tac bao cao,

-94-

Cha d lieu phuc vu cho viec truy xuat t cap ieu hanh
giam sat t xa qua mang Internet, thong qua ASP.NET va c che
ADO.NET .
-

Chng trnh WebServer, cho phep:

Nha quan ly quy trnh cong nghe co the ieu hanh qua trnh
kinh doanh t bat ky ni nao tren the gii,
Giam sat thong so qua trnh cong nghe, t o ra quyet nh
ieu hanh,
Tiep nhan va x ly viec at hang qua mang t khach hang .

6.2. KHA NANG NG DUNG CUA LUAN VAN

- Luan van vi e tai ng dung SCADA trong cong nghe
san xuat thep la mot giai phap hoan thien ca ve phan
cng lan phan mem va can c ng dung trong thc te, ay
cung chnh la iem ng dung noi bat cua luan van.
- Mo hnh do hoc vien thc hien co the ng dung e thc hanh
cac bai th nghiem phuc vu cong tac hoc tap, nghien cu cua
sinh vien va hoc vien cao hoc cho cac mon hoc SCADA, T ong
hoa qua trnh cong nghe, lap trnh ieu khien, .
- T viec nghien cu he thong SCADA hien ai va viec xay
dng giai phep phan mem hoan chnh cua luan van, t o
co the dung lam tai lieu tham khao e thiet ke he thong
phan cng cung nh phan mem cho cac he thong t ong hoa
tch hp trong san xuat cong nghiep.

6.3. HNG PHAT TRIEN

T cac ket qua at c cua luan van, ta co the phat
trien m rong them cac chc nang cho he thong cong nghe
san xuat thep nh sau:

-95-

Hoan thien trung tam giam sat ieu hanh t

xa qua mang Internet cho nhieu nha may san xuat thep nam
cach xa nhau.
-

Hoan thien hn va m rong chc nang cu

trang Web, giup cho khach hang thc hien viec at hang qua
mang va m rong kha nang thanh toan Online thong qua cac
dch vu tn dung cua cac ngan hang
-

Thay oi e ng dung he thong a thiet ke

vao cac he thong ieu khien va giam sat khac trong san xuat
cong nghiep cung nh trong cac lnh vc khac.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Bailey D.Wright E.Practical SCADA for Industry, Elserver 2008.
[2]. Parr E.Pack J.Steve uackey, Practical Data Communications for
Instrument and Control.
[3]. Wonderware User Guide.
[4]. SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition by Stuart A.Boyer
[5]. SIMATIC NET manual Siemens.
[6]. T ong hoa vi SIMATIC S7-300 (Nguyen Doan Phc Phan
Xuan Minh Vu Van Ha).
[7]. Tap ch t ong hoa ngay nay (Automation Today).
[8]. Mang truyen thong cong nghiep (Hoang Minh Sn).
[9]. SIMATIC STEP7 User Manual (Siemens).
[10]. SIMATIC NET Industrial Communication Networks Siemens AG
1998.
[11]. SIMATIC Data Highway Reference Manual (Siemens).
[12]. SIMATIC S7-300 Programmable Controller Hardware and Installation
Manual (Siemens).
[13]. Profibus: http://www.profibus.com

-96-

[14]. Joel Scambray, Stuart McClure, George Kurtz, Hacking Exposed

Network Security Secrets & Solutions, Osborne/McGraw Hill.
[15]. Ph.D William Stallings, Network and InternetWork Security principles
and Practice, PRENTICE HALL -1995.
[16]. Douglas R.Stinson, Cryptography _ Theory and Practice, CRC Press
1995.
[17]. Man Young Rhee, Hanyang University, Cryptography and secure
Communications, McGRW HILL BOOK CO. 1994.
[18]. Bruce Schneider, Applied Cryptography, John Wiley & Son, Inc.
[19]. Yongge Wang and bei Tseng Chu, SCADA; Sucring SCADA
infrastructure Comunications, Dept. of SIS, UNC Charlotte.
[20]. Technical Offshore Engineerign, Fixed Product Platform (MSP 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10) Control System for Gas Collection and Utilization System.
[21]. Documents of Step7-V.5.3
[22]. Training Course of Automation Technology, AIT .
[23]. Cac a ch tren Internet:
- http://www.scada.com
- http://www.pa.com
- http://www.automation.com
- http://www.wonderware.com
- http://www.proface.co.th