160

161

... .
.. .

162

Metrology ( ---)

163

164

(Measurement Traceability) .



.

.
.
.
.
.
.






/

= metre (m)
= Second (s)

= Ampe`re (A)

= Kelvin (K)

= Candela (cd)

= Mole (mol)

= Kilogram (kg)

165

(International System of Units : SI)

..

166

... . .. .

Metrology
Metro Logy
Metro Metron

Measurement Logy

Logos

(Measurement Uncertainty)

(Measurement Traceability)

(Calibration)

:
/
(Technical Barrier to Trade : TBT)

167
:

(Sudden
Acute Respiratory Syndrome : SAR)

168

.
(Measurement)
,

(accuracy)
(precision)

..

..

..
..

169

(.)

..

..

170
)

169

(.)

..

..

171

)


www.nimt.or.th

.
)

: www.nimt.or.th

172

.
. (Measurement)

(kg) . .
.
.

g ()

.

.
. .

( , .
, )

.. ( .. )

173

(International System

of Units : SI)

..

174

(General Conference for
Weights and Measures : CGPM)
(International Com-

mittee for Weights and Measures : CIPM)

(Metre Convention) .. (.. (International

)
Bureau of Weights and Measures : BIPM)
Svres

(International Bureau of Weights and Measures : BIPM)

176
) (Mass)

(Kilogram : kg)

BIPM Svres
) (Time)

(Second : s)
,,,

Caesium-133 (Cs133)
(Ground State)
) (Electric Current)

(Ampre : A)

x-

) (Thermodynamic Temperature)

(Kelvin : K)

/.

) (Luminous

Intensity)

(Candela :

cd)

x
/

) (Amount of Substance)

(Mole : mol)

C12 ,

(Length)
(Mass)
(Time)
(Electric Current)
(Thermodynamic Temperature)
(Amount of Substance)
(Luminous Intensity)

(Metre)
(Kilogram)
(Second)
(Ampre)
(Kelvin)
(Mole)
(Candela)

m
kg
s
A
K
mol
cd

177

(International Vocabulary of Metrology : VIM)

- (Primary
Measurement Standard)

- (Secondary
Measurement Standard)

- (Inter-

national Measurement Standard)

- (National
Measurement Standard)

178
- (Reference
Measurement Standard)

- (Transfer
Measurement Device)

- (Working
Measurement Standard)

(Check Standard)

..

..

-

-
-

(Pressure Balance)
-

(Capacitance Diaphragm Gauge)

(Spinning Rotor Gauge)
(Ionization Gauge)
-

(Dead-

Weight Force Standard Machine : DWM)

-


-

(Primary Deadweight Torque Machine)

BIPM

179

(

)

(

)

180

(Piston Prover)

(Sonic Nozzle)
(Laminar)
-

(Josephson Junction Voltage

Standard)
-

-
(Caesium Atomic Clock)
-
(Fixed Point
Cell)
-

(Iodine Stabilized Helium Neon Laser)

-

-


-
-
-
- (Primary
Method of pH Measurement : Harned Cell)

. (Calibration)

181

.
(Measurement Traceability)

182

(Error)

.

(Measurement Uncertainty)

183

U

Type A Type B
Type A


Type B
-
(International Organi-

zation for Standardization: ISO)

.. (.. )



1 k 1.000 001 k
(BIPM) 0.001 k
1.000 k 0.001 k

(Guide to .
the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
(Traceability System)
: GUM) )

Y
(Input)

x1 , x2 , x3 , , xn

Y = f (x1 , x2 , x3 , , xn)

ISO 9000, ISO 14000,
ISO/IEC 17025

Y = y U

184

.


-

-



-

(
ISO/

IEC 17025)

(BIPM)
)

185

(.)

(.)
(.)

186

ISO/IEC 17025

Traceability System

National
Standards

-
-

-

Secondary
Standards

Working
Standards

Measuring
Equipment

187

(Certified Reference Material : CRM)

/

-

- (Reference Material)

- (Con-

sensus Standard)

ISO 9000 Series

ISO/IEC 17025

188
.

(Metrology System)

(National Measurement
.
System)

.
(Natural

Physical Constants)

189

. .. .
.

. .. .
. .
. : , .
. . :
, .
. . :
, .
. :

. , - .
: , .
. . :
, .
EAL-G12: 1995, Traceability of Measuring and Test Equipment to National Standards, First
Edition, European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories.
Howarth, Preben, and Redgrave, Fiona. Metrology in Short-Third Edition : -.
. :
, .
ISO (1993), International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology, Second Edition,
International Organization for Standardization (Geneva, Switzerland).
ISO/IEC 99: 2007, International Vocabulary of Metrology-Basic and General Concepts and
Associated Terms (VIM).
National and International needs relating to Metrology, International collaboration and the role of
BIPM, 1989.