పూర్వాంగ్ల కవుల ముచ్చట్లు పుస్తకం

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Purvaangla kavula mucchatlu
by Gabbita Durga Prasad

First Edition:
August 2014
Copies:
1000
Author
Price.
Rs.200/-
Cover Design:
Kalasagar
Dtp:
Ramya bharathi, Vijayawada
For Copies:Gabbita Durga Prasad

President, "Sarasabharathi"
H.No.2-405, Sivalayam Street,
Near Raja gari kota, Vuyyuru- 521 165
Krishna Dist. Phone:08676- 232797
Cell: 9989066375
e-mail: gabbita.prasad@gmail.com
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http/sarasabharati.wordpress.com
http/suvarchalanjaneyaswamy.wordpress.com
Printed :
Sree Ram Offset Printers, vijayawada-2
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>< |i < ZO.Z K, JOî Ja=<x, Q~"# Ok
_w fHx O`$ KO^~. L~ _# =, =#H "^#
q=H HeyOk. _w WOH <Q x OQ WK~. POQ J"iH< H @yOQ ~ =~#
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O ` `_` qO WO\ Z=~ ~
Jx =^#O K|Òk J< "`# #q xK~ . ''Faith is
reflected in courage to face reality J#k #=`~. J~
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H"x UK H" Hi ` :
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Ht< LO\~.
''More words, but O, how crystal clear they shine - How like the
chime of silver bells they are.
A voice for those who have no voice at all - A song sung in the
dark, and heard afar
''HqÒ =#= $^# ~ f~ LOQ* P Q"#x

< J=ìOK@ K QQÒk JO@Ok Q < HO".
k= H ~ } , rq`# = " H q x H q ` ~ ix
*"iOKQ, rq`xH fH"# OwÒ Hq`xH = Ja#
i=O, \ QQ ~Ok =^ ~# ux HeyO k.
''God is the author, and not man - He laid the key note of
12
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all harmonies - He planned all perfect combinations and He made

us so that we could hear and understand
OwÒ ^= $+. H$ u #Oz ^xx ~=O`< Q OK_xH

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rq` "i "i OÒ. aH H =< U"< JO\O.
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ijeOK@O =# "i @O| r=<x, " Z^~# X_^ _#,
"i Hq` H_e P@@# J~O K H=K.
Louis Untermeyer `# ''Lives of the poets J< ^^ U_
=O^ r QOÔ XH ax POQ, J"iH< H= rq`
zè = QQ =sHi Oz Geoffrey Chaucer #Oz Dylan
Thomas =~ #@ W~" J~^ =OkH Q
H= rqè OH O Q
~ ^$+H f=z<_.
"\x 55 QQ qM` ~K~ ` N Qa@ ^~^Q~,
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rq` ` ^~ <x Hq`=$`x, r=# ~~x =#O D H O
^~ O^Q Q`<=. JO^ =#O N Qa@ ^~^ QiH
ÒQ ~}_ LO\=.
As they sang Of what I know not, but the music touched Each cord of being - I
felt my secret life stand open to it as the parched earth yawns to
drink the summer rain P qÔQ Hq KO^ "< H~}
<~yOK\xH ` ` _ K`H O =#O.

H..1340 K~ [xOK_. JO` =O^ POQ HqÒ
^? (g =# `Q " Q eH<~ D q+ O).
Stone henge O\ |$` t x~} QqOz# #` Hey ~O
^= _ =O^ O=`~ ~O [iy# \ Ô (Trozen
war) ~l` H # L# Z~< (Aenes) ^ = HO
` OKHx, ~=< ~[= ~+_Q ~O^@O J`x =#=_#
|@ =Oj a@#Q `=~Ò ~Q =$k KO^@O Ki` q+
J~<, J\ #Oz H..14= `|O =~ POQO Hq` O^
^# _O =O[OQ `K^ . J~` P<\ POQ +< O_`
Hq^ ` J#H~O H#@ LO@Ok.
PkHq Z=~? ## \ ~ _, H^ Jx =#O `~# ~ #
14
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_`#>. JH_ HO` Q_= LOk. Anglo saxon Ò
Beowulf, Caedmon "`` The sea farer, The wander, wid
sith, The dream of the road "`` W_ =lO
^~ K | _ L<~. JO` =O^#Ô` =dH `". *#^
g~ (Heroic) H (devotion) HqÒ P~A K~O LO_k.
P^ xH POQ Ò Geoffrey Chaucer` ~O"O^x
K =K#. ''He is the father of English poetry and perhaps the
prince of it JO\_. John Dryden =#= O`~O
Q }OQ
è# catalystQ The Canterbury tales` Q` U_ =O^ UO_Q
f e Ji# Hq Q_ Geoffrey Chaucer. The
Canterbury tales K k q# _ < =# Hj =lb H ^
Q~HO\~.
Pearl poet - William Langland [#Hq, x~O` O x~#
è#"_, + * O ^Q~ Q LO_, =# uH<=`_

[<xH K~ "< _. \+ Ki# K~ g~a=#. g~
K~ QiOz QQ K <~. gi `~ "u H= ~[Hq "^\
*" (13941437) =# H$+^ = ~ Hq, Q ~A. The king's
Quair ~zOz k
H H<_. `~ "u HO ''Miracles and moralities
=Y` L# Ò, <@H ~OQO J_Q\O k. a q+
^ # JOOHQ, =^} OÒ (Gutten Berg) ~H` 1477
caxton è WOw+ Hx =kOK_. HqÒ Z ^\Ok.
|O^< # =` `x x~O z, =H~ ` O (=Q=, =Ô,
=Oz@)` _# goliardic verse (gula-gluttony uO_`)
K~OH =zOk.
~` Hq` O `y O` QO` qxOK <^ O =z#@
N<^ _ O\ Hq *< @< (John skeleton) 1460 \, Zxq^=
15
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x P#HqQ Q~qO|_, ~A` He ~[Q# J#q Oz#
"_`_ . <Q n~H~ =^ KO ^ ` (skeleton meter)Q
^Qi` =*O` `# `~ "u `~# _ qÒ K_.
N<^ _ ^ O, *< < skeleton meter ` Hi ^H.
W`_ rq`= N<^ _ rqÒ K~= OHO H O k.
^Q O sonnet# \< + #Oz WOw+ H `z
O^sHiOz# HqQ wytt OH` ^#qK ''Blank verse
P^_. Surrey (Henry Howard) W^~ POQ Hq` KO ^ , e x
=i# "^\ O~ . [O@ H=. gi rq` Ki` J`^Ò Q
LO@Ok. ~ # 30= U@ t~K Ô K~.
<H u_ Sir walter Raleigh, H= Hq
Edmund Spenser, Hq` O Sidney, Daniel, Dray ton, [Q^H
Oî
<# ''is that the face that launched thousand lips? Jx HiO z
[Q`k HH# ''The muses, Darling - Christopher Marlowe ("}
< ~} J# =i #g~ ^_ Q~ ~=_O ^?) gi
rq`# ''~OQ H= =K@ N Qa@ ^~^ Q~
H=hOQ =iOK~.
W_ POQ <@H Hq` `=_ William Shakespeare
[Q" iy# }_H [O^ "? q^ <^ $+ =#HQ WOw+
+ iK O L# u"iH +H ~ $[# JO\^. ''take all
my loves, my love, yea take them all - loves fire heats water, water
cools not love =_ Q +H~ rq` Ki`# =#O
J^ #O Kg QOÔ .
HO =O^ y`< L#k. ''man is the beauty of the
world, the paragon of animals J# =# +"
O k. Ze[` HO
JOìOzOk. ` QO ~O" , "@ "^\ ~*#
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Hq Ben Johnson, =Hq Thomas Nashe, @ Hq Campion,
[O@ H= Beaumont, Fletcher ~Q ` H=k.
k_= `|O "\l H ("@) "Ô` HO. John
Donne(=$` HqÒ) John Herbert (|O^ HqÒ - Anagram),
Richard Crashaw, Abraham Cowley, Henry Vaughan, Thomas
Traheme HqÒ` D QO i=H
=zOk.
i@# J#|_# ~O^<+ HO K~ ~A Pe=~

HO" =^ q^Q ~ye#_k. HO"# |~z M,
H _H q John Milton. J`_ Paradise Lost and Paradise regained JOîH è#". Jx|^ Hq` ` A verbal Wizadry *<
q<.
John Dryden, John Wilmont H=~`#
Cavendish, Aphra
Behn, Anne French, P `~` JHO_~ , e` `#
HO
Samuel Johnson W`^ a@< *f w`x ~zOz# James Thompson H HqQ ~|_ (forgery) P`` K# Thomas
Chatterton. P `~` ~ #~H# P" O^#O K#
z`t Hq
William Blake (D# eH Hq, H
Hq `# K Hx~)
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35
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J ZQH\_x <~~}. ~A J__ tH ÒK_. J~" U =
#<# ~\O K~. " qx~ ^Q~ XH `@ L# WO\HO
=_ b* O`HO K_. P WO\ Ki P#O^x J#qOKO_
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36
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`K_. JO^H ''Ks< O* J<~. Q Hq` H^ Hx P#
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u =<" " K# H^, J#", J=HÒ, "O Jh
zuOK_. D f ''\~ W< x~OK ''s b PuÔ W_ D
u XH <, qî, q~, <\, K~ "^# "~O\~. u
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37
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
HO^~ yeyO` \ ~ . HOîH H^ Q< H^# O =O_^ . =O@"_

`y K K_. `_@ LO@Ok.
D H^ =H JO`~OQx Pq+iO*_ D J= OKO.
=#+ Z |`` rqÒ y<~ =# Òk. =#+ g^
K~# Q~=O, `H` +O J=Òk K~ ~# ''"\ W. u
^x, K@ L# "iH Kkq qxOOz " O^_. ~[ ^~~
g^ Hq`x qxOK_. ''Although much of his verse is musical in
the most memorable way, showing the skill of a master craftsman,
most of it is poetry that talks rather than poetry that sing. The
Canterbury tales are in them selves an extended conversation,
sometime bantering, some time bitter J<_ K~.
"O` _# H^ H"e, [ "` LO_e. ( Z#H\),

H@= =`H *O_e. JO` ~O P `~` WO\ J=H, #=H" #
Hq` "=_^< Ke. D J=H KH=~# `^~ P<\ =[O
L# =x+x q H< zuOK_. q*# , "Ô`, hu, H^ O
PK~ `= =<"# q K#"~.
K~ k q"`H =# H^. P# XH =lH PK<~_.
OH O~ H^, ~[H Ju"k H^. =` =u~H H^. nxH JO`~O
K^. P " =#q =#@ K_. Ki Q~"x =O@ Qeq #q#
"\H =u~HOQ LO> =Ò XH^ . Ki Jk` q^<# |@\_ .
`xH ^_. Jx\H qOz K~ x*~fH @O H\_xOk. K,
=Oz $Ô, J=H P~^# P# #z# q+. __< k_=
`|O ''Chaucer is a perpectual fountain of good sense with God;s
plenty Jx Hi ''he must have been a man of most wonderful
comprehensive nature because, as it has been truly said of him, he
has taken into the compass of the Canter bury tales the various
manners and humors of the whole English nation in his age J<_.
K~ =~}Oz P~ =O^ U ^\< ~OH =O K<_.

J`x HO@~ |s H^. P# * ~O, "^ qHÒ, nx` WOw+ *u<
H^ =` =#= *uh `~`~Q i"+Oz LO_, qÒ K< L<_
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38
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39
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e=@O <ÔQ =z# Hqèq. PiH J=#`, ^ #u x
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K_ H#H ''~ \Q QiO =zOk. ~ Hq` J`x O` H^
J<~. W^H J=~ QiOz ~_. P"# +OQ, =ÒQ _.
w< <\ Hq`# ''=~ JO\~. JO^ ZO` H LOÔ\~. ''
L J< g~z` ^_ H^. ~ J<H ~ L# kQ*~\xH
uOk. Hx @=^x qH=~_ Q=O " y`_. WO^
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g~_ Z LO\_, LO_ L ` x\ P^~OQ f~_.
WO^x ` K~ Ò` r" H^. Hx OQO_ =~ O f~k
=Ò H^. ''Langland is the essential teller of tales, his very detachment as a
narrator anables him to turn an incredible phantasmagoria into one of the most
delightful Arthurian romances
Jx OQO_ f~# q+OK~.
\+ Ki#
''Q=~, H", e_ Q\# He \+ Ki# JO\~. K~
K` =Qi# H=. WO^ *< Q=~ 1303 \ 1408 y\_.
\< <~ OK, q_ WOw+ + qsÒQ Hq` J_. q_
WOw+ Hq` J`_x HqQ QiO `K~. ''H<+ =x J< H^
Hq` ~_. ~O_= K~ ~A `## = P^~OQ ~=<_. JO^H
40
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Qa@ ^~^
J~= H^, J#"^, J# $[#` Hq` ~_. K~ W`x ''"~

Q=~ J<_. WO^ ''iH +H~# PHiOzOk. Q=~ D <\H
H~ ` îOK_. nxx Zxqk HQ = <Q " O`
`~ K_. HO@~ |s H^` e Wk XH KH =, ~H=O
x ``, TH Ô_Q LO@Ok. WO^x ` g# K~ ''mi
dicipline and mi poete Jx JO\_. =` L#ÒQ rqOK=x Hi`
=O\_ K~.
^= H" 13701450 "_. K~ g~a=x. J^ J`x
Hqx KOk. ''maister deere and father reverent JO@ Q~= K~#
y__. K~ t+_x fik^ Ò K_. `## @"Q Hq`
zuOKH<_. = _@O, J =xy LO_@" J`x x. Hx
i^ J`xH KO^x ^x J`x^#x | WK~. H" =#< K~
KOk# ''kHiH zÒ =# aOzOk. Q~= g^ Q H\ ~_. ''to
putte pther men in remembrance of his persone I have here his
likeness Jx ~H<_.
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e_ Q\ ~O\ Z_O_ |i <_H< =OH. Ò ÔQ
"tOK_. ''k i P k ^. ''k H~ P g#, ''k HOO\ P k H
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Wk ~=+< W< qO@~ J`x Wu=$`".
[Ò PH@HO@Ok. q< ~# ''"# =i_. '' "O\ ~
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14301506 KOk# x<. <_H< Q=~ ^# K_.
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H^# fHx Hq`_. qÔ` <~H =YO WK_. K~
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L#"_. D ~A ~# ''k HOQ H ~ (k HOQ |H) z=~ D W^~ H=#
42
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''dear masters Chauser and Gower Jx uOK_. D Hq`# *"

XH_ ~^x, K=Ok H= O LO^x JO\~. nx ~# Hix
=Ò ~A JOkOK~ g~O^~ He. HH Wk x^~#O. ''OQ P
O J~= "<, =HH ~ } QO@O^x +O Q K_x, Ki`
LO@O^x J<~.
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a" J~< H^#O K `_ =zO^# =@. B`H #@ HH, =#
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O g\x #~ K ~~Oz P_OKq. ''<" JO_ k _ <@H#x K
>"~, =^ u P_"~. ''k Q~ " ""~. g\H \ O_q. Q$xH
O|OkOz# Jx q=~ JO^ K@ KH<q. Wk q~H
^Ò> <uH` ^#`xK <@H n~OQ L<, =` q+
`=Q LO_ PH@H<q. a H^ JkH ^#`# `yOz <uH`#
ÒK H^ ~, J#= O L# #@ #\OK"~. =x+ K=# ` OKH<
`, O x*~f` Wq LO_q.
*HqÒ
W\^H K^=@O, ~@O q^=O`H iqÒ. ~`
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43
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=# =zOk. Jx `~Q` "~ HqÒ ~~. i^ ^\ =^
^\ Hq` =OzOk. z# z# ^# Q HqÒ =zOk. nx<
''QeiH Hq` J<~. D ~ Qe J< ~ #Oz Hx, ''Q
JO> ^ OK~# uO_` J< J~O =K =@ #Oz Hx =z LO@Ok.
HO^~ =, =iHO^~ ^ T~~ uiy K r=#O, J<uH
qOY`# [ qsÒQ K~O K~. ''=H~Ò JO>, =Q=,
=Ô, =Oz @ HO> WOHg JH~^x "kOK~. h\H |^ ~, =`
^ HO> PH~} =`, ~ H\OK ~< w`HO> ~^ Q,
`Q_ Hq` ^#` xK~. Qe~ Hq`xHH L^~}
''Pen and copy book - how funeral they look - ovid's songs,
how dull with age - still more any other page - never mind what is
not allowed - love is youth's temptation - here we go a glorious
cloud - hell - bent for vacation
=^Q HOx ''q<< Qe~ JO\~. P<\ #Oz

u HO_ H< P Hq`# ue OzOk. =YOQ q^~ PHi` < ~.
H~ P~ nx P^hHiOK_. =_ "= ''OQ O "Qx
~ O^q^ à z=~ K iOK~. D Hq`< =^ Q _ JO\~.
[ + [ HO ~ _ ~OlO*"~. g^ = =~@,
O` D Hq`# _"~. ~*< O< ~A "HO =z#
Hq` W_ * =~O \ =#_H K~" * Hq` J~Ok. `
J^` H^#, H` O@#`, c^"_ Ki`# *_Oz, =Hb# =*xH
"M#OQ g\x ~Q _"~. x` rq`x uaOaO* "~. =#_
D Hq` ''=#__. q< " [OQ LO_, `= H^ qO@#
J# u xK~ D _. g\x _ Q q= iyOk. _
W_ [ O^ J~Ok. ~A ^ g~ H^ [
u+O |_~ . g\x U XH~ ~#q H=. `~` ~ Q J<H K~ =~
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=|_# J"iH K~~. HO@H, H~b< | K~O O^~.
_ H^ z#kQ LO@Ok. Hk J=H" L#"iH q#\xH
44
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J=H `y ~. ''W#O\ H H"e. J^ _ kOzOk. <@H `
nx LO_@O =# HO =$^ H^. ^ O^# aOk. = f=`
^#O LO@Ok. q+O \Q =# Ki qÒ KOk. ~"#
`Q LO_@O =# XH #HO Hey H^ q<"~ b#"`~.
JOîH J~= + =# eÒ Z=. ''The ballad maker is the
perfect story teller in the sense that he is out side the story, he tells
the tale for what it is worth. He does not pass upon the quality or
even its credibility. He does not comment upon the motives of
his characters or the rights and wrongs in which they are invovled.
He leaves all judgement to his listeners.
~ O^, Z_~ Zb<, ~ \H O, *h P~OQ "^#

OÔQ =z# _# [#O qsÒQ PîOK~. Wq "^\ POQ
Hq` Pq~=O =K~. g\x =#O OÒ KH<O. =# ÒQ
KHO@<O. Wq ^~} + LO_@O, z# H^` LO_@O =#< HH
=# [ O^# H~} k KO^~. P O^# H` WO`HO
xeKqH=. ''The rhythm of the world's work is in lines - the pull of
the rope, the turn of the wheel, the swing of the axe, the fall of the
hammer - they lie close to man's heart - they beat in his pulse
every time they are heard. Wn _ Q, O, QO, QÒ,
=`, .b
45
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u^x, J#O ~~. H` QO`H J=~"Ok. H` PK#
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qxOzOk. $[<`H PK# ~K#` ^~# Hq =K_. Hx J`x
H"< ^~O K~. J`_ ''*< <. @<` ''$[ #Ô
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à #O_ ~O" ''< *#< "^\ ~*# Hq J_. D ^q
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46
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nx u H\\xH JO^s ="~z `# WO\ L# P" J` H#
K#O^ i~OQ P" `# ~ Jx H\ OK_. P" L# H_
`# H_H Jx è*_. `# a+ ''=@ "# "i f=OQ
q~K_ ''to complain without a cause, I say you be and have
been and will and shall be knaves Jx "O` z ''"Qx
H_y~_.
< x*~f, xsH` =# Ki J`#` ^q O^_. Wk
JO` ^# ^"g H^. Q=Ox K~` =#". Hx Hi# ''Xb
g^ ^ ^ P~} K"_. `~` ~[ ^~~ ''~ P~@~ J_.
Hi# =@ ^_ P^. qAq< L<_. nx u H@\xH Xb
q Ò K P` ~H} __. D ^ iOKH @< qx~
P=xH "o_. JH_ 70 U@ @< x[OQ< ''e@< (J O[~O)
J~_.
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==iOK~. _, _ He OKH<~. He OQ# J#q OK~.
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K HOk. q= `# O [iyOk. q= ^#`x=^ . z# KO ^ #
Z#H<_. "Q=OÒQ Hq` #__. =O J<H H` H_ ~Ok.
qs` PK~ ^#` xK_. JO^H J`x $[## QiOz ''crude and
classic creation JO\~. ''b `, ''"m |O Hq` HqÒ
=OzOk. ` z`} P# ~ `Q> ~H =O O_ ''J O[~
(e@<)Q, x~=OQ L<~. Hq "^x XH ~" îOK_ Jx
q=~HaO.
''And prettily he would pant - when he saw an aunt - lord!
how he wilde pry after the butterfly - lord! how he wolde hop after the grass shop W #_Ok. q+O L# Q_`# |\ HqÒ
~_. Z#H# KO^ <Q n~H~ =ÔQ LO@Ok. W WO`

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~g^ <~. `# =O^ L# H= ex, ~`# W`# W+_^.
47
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=~^ a#"#q, hK"#q H"< HqÒ KOK_. ^Qi` "

J"HQ =z ^H ^* O` @< `# `~< HH =O^ `~# qÒ
K_. Hx =_ H~} =# J`x ^~O K~x ~|~ w" 1920
~_. J" ''His wide though un deserved reputation as a specialist
in obscenity, a misreading of his verse structure due to the dropping of the final "e" and other changes in pronunciation which
occuring shortly after his death made Skelton's rhythms seemed
wild and crudy contrived and the fact that the few available editions of his work were a hodge podge of faulty guesses and flagrant errors. U"<
@< J`x ''Cut and thrust manner was against
him Jx `~. O^q^ `| =^HO =~ J`# [, "\
= ^~O J_. JHO_~ _ J< "^q, q^"` @< ~K##

` O_ "@"^\ i KiOK_. Jk _ HO`HO JOî
^$H ~^. HO^~ P^xH H= ''Enthusiastically discovered the
range of Skelton's variety, the virtuosity of his technique and
brusque power of his personality, four hundred years after he was
buried. W Ki` Q~O He~ P u# QiOz# P^xH H=
$^HKi =m |uH * $^ xez_ $[# ~_#

Hq ''@<.b
48
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 6
"\, ~ H= <\ ^`
W O`
=O^ ` H# @ < JQq Hx q` O

KH_. k#, ^~ ` =iHO` ~, ` P#"~f
HO Z^~ K<~. Wk W@b #O_ WOQO_ KiOk. W\e< ~\x
WOw+ HqÒQ =~~. H\# bx Z q_n K" J< ^=
"\, x "~, Z~ P ~ 1557 H=Q ~OQ "O K~.
''\\ OQ JO_ <\ J< "^\ POQ hu H^ Hq` "=_Ok. `~"`
"\ ~ =z # =~~. gi^~ ~# "^\ "\ "@ "^\ iQ
POQ HqÒ JK J~. gi H$Ò |O_"# q[xzOk.
gi =O `~"` J~ à HO LOk. ''k ~_* P Ô\ _", ''U
Qi Qi, ''k ~ P h "^#q ~ _~ \ J~ `
HO qÒ K< L<~.
XH ^|O `_ \< "\ ~ H` =xH# ~x "K~.
POQ Hq`x KO ^ # =~ ` [~Q`# =O giî Pq~=O
H` H x $ + O zOk. XH JH ~ x J< H s` H @ O LK ~ } ,
WOk#=O ~# #O H=@O` Hq` Q=O JQ= QK~OQ
LO_~Ok. gi^~ He Hq`xH ~ ` x HeOK~. KO ^ ~H #
K~. J^ J\H ''P^xH HqÒ J~Ok. nx *i @O Ok
''gi^~ W@b JO` ~\ W@b + =^~x PkOz _O>, Ji,
\~ ^~}# r~O KHx =`HQ, <~Q L# POQ Hq`xH =<,
z< fik^~ . JO^H< giî x POQ Hq` KO ^ #, e x =i# ''"^\
Hq` O~ J#=K J<_.
P ~A u"_H U^ XH Ow` "~^x "~OK <~ LO_k.
`= Hq`xH =_ =O` " Ow`x =~H<"~,#\Oz
49
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
"OK"~. =K#O Hx HqÒ Hx ^~OQ O+OK <~O_k. P

HO O# @O|O \# u"_ Hq`x PîOz +OK ''@<Q
LO_"_. J=~"` Ku"` `# ~~Oz ` JOkOK"~. D
O# #O_ ^#O PtOK@O P<_ hKO J< =# LO_k. _| H
WOH^< "i #O_ QOK@O kQ*~_ `#OQ JxOKk. HqÒ JOîn
J< =O LO_"~. JO^H "\ ~ Hq`xH JO` QiO =zOk.
D W^~ H= "\ Hq ''<\# WOQO_ `z# #` O^_.
"\ 1503 HO\x JeOQ@< Hl \_. ^=_H HOa_
~O\ *< Hl ^x ~O O=`~O< 1516 K~_. _w
LO_Q< HqÒ ~_. k_H ZO.U _w O^_. W~" J~^
= W@bH ~i J_. J^Q J_ \~ HqÒ "A
__ . ~ HO =~# ^x q^ = J<a<# o K H<_.
P" Zxq^= x` JO` =O^ o J~Ok. P" $OQ~ K+
|@_ "\# ''@=~ P O_< x~OkOK~. q_^ `~` <,
~< xg^ O` =m J~ J_. J`x =Oz`<xH ~A q_Oz
=m L^QO WK_. J`x "|_# Jx JaQ #O_ |@__.
= #. K*i# q~e HO =^` HqÒ ~_. W@b
O^~x POQ + J^@" HH "\ Q K~= LO_k. W@b +x
14 O <\# WOw+ "\# "^\ "_< "^\ Zxqk <
(PH" ) # ^`Ô Q< Q Oz z=i P~ # # (\ ) J^`" # =x ,
^xH J#|OÔQ ~O_ # ''H\# Ki Kkq# "i Q_=^ "_.
nx +H~ J^ÒQ `# <\ LyOKH<_. \~ <\
~O_ Q# ~O_Q q "\ JO^ [< K J|~~K_. Zxq^
< `qk` He@, H O_ K JO^x $OK_. nx` ''Setting an example for the unified and integrated sonnets of Milton
and Words Worth Jx "KH<~. POQ Ò "\ ''XH "
~~Q xeK_.
OH "~ P^_ x"~
D [O@ H= ~O_= "_ ''x "~ Z~
P ~. "\ HO> ^Q #"_. `= H"
50
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
rqOz< `# =^ "_. 1517 ~ =OO \_. Ò_, Z_~

~A |O^=. è Zxq^= Z_~ K@O. H#H P`x rqÒ ~*O`:~O<
Q_zOk. =~A `. _H P iK =O_ JO> Zxq^= x
JH= O`#O W`x =Y `_. ~ k<_ D W^~ He
< "~. U_k `~` WOQO_ =K=x H|~. iK=O_ ~
îx __.
=~ < O_ ~ ~[ ^~~ ~Q rqÒ Q_ _ H` |O^ Ò
=#. XH u~Q@# J}z"_. < =u~HOQ <H K~O HO
"_. Ô f=OQ <_. g îH#_ HqÒ ~_. 1539
''the most foolish and proud boy that is in England Jx W~" ~O_
= =^ "~OKH<_. J`x Q~O Uq\ JO> U h KH=@".
'' Z_~ k H<~ =O zO K# XH xH Zxq^= xx ~[ _x
K @ <_x <~~} K~. J~` ~ Ju èq`@ He
=iO` OK~. tH _Ok. JO^s JO@Hy Li ÒKH"x Jx
` K_. [~O =# HkHO Py< = =_= U@ ''@=~
g^ ` f~. Q~= "\ L# _iOQ <K~ H~< ~ Hq`xH
#y+ KH_. "\ HO> JO^"#, ~"# e` <@ ~_. K
~_OnQ, O xO`}` ~_. OH ^#qK_. ''Surre
invented a new poetic speech, he made all sucessding poets his
debtors when he translated two books of the "Aneid" into iambic
pentameters and fashioned the decasyllabic line now known as
"blank verse" JO> H "~ P^_ ~. ~ =Hb#=~ POQ
HqÒ XH ''q=O =zO^x qOK^. U `~` Ze[`<

_= Jx |^ HqÒ JO> OH "~ XH Q =^=O J~Ok. ''Its
potency grew until the steady beat of its ten pulsing syllables became the normal measure of English diction, a measure that grew
into the natural language of Marlowe and Shakespear and Milton.
W@b <\# WOw+ +H `z } u+ K ^xH WOO i

^x ""x Oz P `~` OH"~ } u+ K, POQ Hq`x ~O_
Q = u# H= "\ =i ~ H=.b
51
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 7
~ "~ ~b <H u_
"\
~# ''\>~ OQ K~}` Q OkOz#

K~}H~, H= H` LÒ` Ty~. u L# Z"K~ H=
+# H=~. 15251577 HO "_# *i Q< `# Hq`
=^} ` O^@O` `$ _H hu ^ ~ JK_. xH
c`< J< J`x =~\ H_ Qg} $OQ~ Hq` ~_. *i "\ <
_ D |$OÔ K~_.
Jk *Q$`"# QO. J<H q~^ "=O. ^ iê
OKH=@O O $uH ""x uOK@O ~ ^~}"Ok. WOQO_ Jx
~HQ ''k" f ~Ok. ^<Q~O xO_HOk. ^x xO\xH H`
^# H#H=\xH =^ <# ÒzOk. =Ô`~ Q
PH=} ÔQ Wk yOk. WO^ ~OQ Ô, ~ JO> =^
ÔQ`#O Wq_ L<~. Ze[` ~} P H Jx qs` ", JO>
=Ò, ~Ò, i^<`H H, x~i` =, ~`#O "^q`=
JO`$ Jh OHqO*HOk. W=h P" =HÒ K@ KH<x
~ "~ ~b q+OK_.
Ze[` ~} $OQ~ `#O ~bg^ q+` _@O "~ Ki`H
52
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
~+__. J`# JO\ "_ H^ `b^, Hx J`x K@ J<H H^

Q^ J~. "^q ^= H L#"_, Jx\# =OÔ_ WOw+ s<O
=x+, ^_, <q_, ~[H "`, , i^| Jx\HO> Q
Hq. 1552 ^"O+~ b ~< ^Q~ \_. PH~ Fi Hl
Kk"_. _w O^H_. H< ^q HO> ^ ^q ~^. ^
Q iy ìy_. ~} J`x ^Q Kk. ~ O y|~ ~bH
^~x =~. 1578 J`x "^\ J"iH <H <xH "_` `#
<H JkH~x ~bH JyOK_. y~ J"iH |~Q< ~b H`
^ Hx\ [~OK\xH #Hx |~ _. J_ `# H#Q# ''HxH
H# (=i<)Q L# ~} ~ ''=sx Jx ~ \_.
Hx JH`Q J`x ~}H ^ Òk. nxH H~}O ~} xH`
Ze[` `H =~\< ~b H# _O^x J#=xOK@". Wk ~[ ÔQ
~} qOzOk. "O@< P"# o KH=x O *s K J= J@
KOk. ~b Ze[` ~Q O~O yOK~. Hx ~} HO Py^ .
J`x HqOKH~Ok. J`x =Mx `yOK Jx ` KOk.
<= i^# K# ~bx "O@< "#H eOz, KH~ P~} g^
@=~ * \OzOk. ''P== =iOz ~b q_^<_. =m ~}Qi
H$ gH}# O^_. Hx = J`x "O\_`< L<~. `#
"|_ =K# =H=\xH J<H <H < K_. ~} ^ HO
"O~__. ~} ~b u QiOz *sH Q=~~# KOk. ~O_H ~}
Kx~Ok. qk =HOz ~b =m H` H ~_. "^\
*" ~*# `~` H` ~A# ^ @ ~b _ L<_x `_
JaQO "_. [_ Z@ `H z=iH =m @=~ Li tH J=
K=x P*OK_. Hx J= =O^ ^Q * LOK~. J~"
U =KH q_^<_. ^~ ` Xi<H |OQ~O HO =m =^
i^# |~_. QO q"Ok. uiy ~Q< J~ K~. XH
x+ \"O\# ~b H"< `Q\_x x+ ~i <~O "_.
~bg^ ` ~[Ô =m "QH `z =m * K~. qK~}
~b ` K#@ ~A"Ok. 29101618# P ux ` #iH~.
P ~A ~bx QiOz# Q^ @Q, H^Q [#O _H<~
53
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
K H<~. J`x <H#O Ki` xez~Ok. ~b =~A ''HH Q^ Hx J`x
H<*+< Q Jn eOKH =@O ^~^$+O.
H= Hq Z_O_ #~
#~ `# =Hb# H=, `# =OO "`
qkOK_. `H` kOK_. `# HqÒ` WOw+
Hq`x O#O K_. \< Qe J^_.
JO` K~= `K_. = H" ~x
ÒK_. Jq F_, Zh_ ~ LO_x PtOK_. ''k s H< ''+~
HO_~ g\H L^~}. \H\, =i# ~}Q QOK_.
POQ Qg} Hq`xH Q K~_.
1552 = ` s ^~x H_Q \ >~~ Kkq H Oa_
W~" J~^H ZO.U kOK_. J`x =K># ~O, èq`@` b~
|O^= Ze[` ~}H Q W+_# ''Z~ P b K~ H@s J_.
b~ |O^= ~ e _` ` iK"~_Ok. WOH W^~ D
|$OÔ K~~. KO^ J<H K~ [i~. ~*#O L^QO
O^#H< ~^. W~" J~^ S~O_ ~_# ~ Q _ q<
H@sQ "_. ~O_ Q# "#H OOK~. _aOQ Q=Q Ki
#~ LO__. `~` =Oz rÒ` +s J_. S~O_#
''"ÔQ Z_ qOK"_. Si+ [O> ^+O. ''~ _\
" =Ò #K~. #~ ''<\ Z~O\ P [Q s H< J`x
zuOK_. ~ Q ^=# =_ " ZH~ Z\# HO\ H~ O^_.
JO^ xiOz# ''H< Ô "t OK_. s H< =~OQ ''Qi<
`Q $+Oz# Ze[` ~}H JO> =i< H<, =i< "sH JOH`qK_.
#= _ ''Ze[` ~# __. P" =#< JO^~ _H<
54
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
o @ ''Zè<# =^ÒQ ~_. ''To which the woods

did answer and your JO@ Q @ Jk.
o J~# <Q Si+ JO`~Ô 1598 "Ôk. #~
^x =@_Oz JyH Pu K~. ~ #Q~ ` ÒKHx
i~ XH KH WO\ JÔ_ ` ^KH<_. XH < #~
16011599# =~}OK_. Z~ P ZH #~ JO`H Y~\_.
`~` #~ uH ^x O_<x \ H~~ J~# " qx~ J
^~K~. #~# K^=@O HO> Z=Q Q~qOK~. + Jx`~
^"# @, ^ QO "O "QO` *"~ ^ =~ #~
`H`. q=~, ` x} #~ Hq`x ZO`Q< "KH<~.
#~# ''H= Hq J<~.
#~ Hq `qk # O^~ Hq`# $+Oz =O^k `~"u H=
=~î J_. J^ ''a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c . nx< ''#~ O* J<~.
"^\ Zxqk #, k JH~ =Ô` n~=Q, OkHQ LO_ z=i
# <O_ JH~ =Ô` ''JHO_< J< ~` LO_@O #~
K# QO, O. J`x s H< #Oz nxH L^~}.
''It was an hill placed in an open plain - that round about was
bordered by a wood - of matchless height that seemed the earth to disdain-in which all trees of honor stately stood-and did all winter as in
summer bud-spreading pavilions for the birds to bower-which in their
lower branches sung aloud-and in their tops the soaring hawk did towersitting like kings of fowls in majesty and power.
Wn #~ O* JO>. Z# Zxqk <\ ~_. #~ P~^

H= J`x J<H ~H Hq`` HiOK~. JO^H U^< `H` LO> ^x
''#~ ~ \ Jx ''#~ He\ Jx J#@O J"@~Ok. b
55
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 8
_ , _x, _@< ` O
Ze[` HxH iQ `y# H=Q e, _, "~ ~b H=#
q~. Hx _ ~bH a#_. ~b rqÒ JO` J[ ~O~ J~`
_ k q[ ~O ~. " i` `" =^ ~b Q_ ` Ja=#, |_
Q"~, P~^ =^ _ rqÒ Q__. nxH _ L#` O @@O
H~}O _.
~ e _ =## ~[Hq
~ e _ 1554 S~O_ ~ _\ ''K~ Z~ î
J~# _ _ Ô` [xOK_. Ò_H ''HO\ L# q=O`"#
"`=~}O Q =^ _ z#`#O ^qH q^ Q_zOk. `~` HOa_,
PH~ Kkq, ^xq^H ''QO_ @~ i@ J<H ^ uiy O@~#
He_. =x J~# ''Oy_` q^ <~_. J`x` ~ JO`
~\OK_. WOQO_ uiQz ~[^~~ K~_. J`x "[, PH~O,
^` JO` PHi`<~. J`xH K^= K# "+~ _ J`x U^
`H PH~} H LO^<"~. Hx =~ J`x "#== Z~ P bK~
Ze[` ~}H Q <#O K_. JH_ _ ~ ZH `~ <
k"~H# K =# ~Hx ''P JO_ i@ ~ <\ "xH
^ ~ k_ ` ~} HeyOK_. < _ =# JOwHiOzO^
^ `b^. Hx P" "~Hi` o J~Ok. W~"= U@ _ o ~ x
"e<< `~` [iyOk.
56
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
O^, Hi HO _ uOKe# J=~" ~^. Hi, H#H

J`x "O@_~. ~"O\ ~<_. Ze[` _x ''<\# KOk.
== U@ ''+OQ Q=~~ J_. =OO, ^, èq`@ Jh J`xH
HeK~. ''A\ < Ô Q__. Q =Ozh `Q\xH
<\ ^Q~ @HO@O_Q, Ô iQ Q_ K= ^Q~ L# XH
x _ `# =OH K_@O Q=xOK_. J`x =#=Ò qHtOzOk. =Ozh
`Q\xH W+_H ''h J=~O < J=~O HO> =YO Jx K P h P
x_H WK_. rq`x Ki`~O KHx z~~}OQ Hx ~A `~`
Q ^` _ 07101586# =~}OK_. _ ^ ^@x P"O,
Hq` e L<~. =Oz =x+Q ~. ''P JO_ # U_=
<\ q~ x~H}OQ \# H# =iOK_. Wk "\ XH<H
''P` Q` +}O JO> ''e HQ HxOk. J`x =Hb# H=HO>
a#OQ H HO_ P#O^xH _ HqÒ ~_. J`# Kx~#
KHxH Hx iQ Hq` KiO|_^. _ ''Mingling blank
verse and rhyme, attempting to vary orthodox rhymes with experimental measures, playing with intricate and internal rhyme
schemes-were not appreciated until much later, and it is only recently that the unfading freshness of his lyrics has been rated high
=K# Hq`x fikk# q^<x
as his sonnets. Jx J`x Hq` u#
OOK~. _ HqÒ K OHOQ, =H~O_, KOQ LO@Ok.

_ W`~ H= HO> a#OQ LO_ =~ q+O LOk. ''< Jr
~ ~\ J< QO^x ~_. JO^ "Ôu, Ki`H~_ HO> Hq
Q"_x J<_. "Ôu HxOKx ^x QiOz Pz LO\_. Ki`H~_
x["# q+# Qi =`" \ OKHO\_. Hx Hq q=#`
Pz_. Hq P#O^x W=@" H^ k_ _. ''The poet cometh
to you with words set in delightful proportion and with a tale which
holdeth children from play and old men from the chimney corner
Jx Hq Hx JOK< "_. e QiOz K|` ''fool ''said my Muse to
me ''look in thy heart and write Jx `# JO`~OQO KO^x =#OîH
K_. =# \ ~ Jh JO^< =~ Jx K_# =@.

57
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
= _x
15621619 HO"_ = _x Hq.
<\ =Oz <}O K_. P`# ~#
''q "~ Hq` JO^s PHiOK~. Wq Zxqk
H iQ 1595 JK~. ^Q
`~` =~ <Q =K~. D# HqÒ Ki`,
hu, Hq` q^#O "^#q LO\~. K^=\xH
PH~}Q H=@O ^ O.
"H _@< T =Y Hq
_@< 1563 \ 1631 _x HO> XH
U_k `~"` Kx_. ~# ''ee<
WOQO_ uH JO^# P~_. "Hn <O_
JH~ =^ ''k^(H\) LÒQ,
"qîÒQ, Ki`H H^<`HOQ, <\HQ, Qg} Hq`Q, *O_Q,
=OQOQ, =` ^# ~OQ LO\~. ''WOQO_ ~~H Zl =Y
~A, ~ "i =^ [iy#@ TOz ~# = Y qsÒQ
~O^~. XH ^|O <O_~ Wq #~^} O^~ JO> "\
K~O O` QQ LO^ Òk. JQ J`x ''k \ P Jy<
H~ q~z` Ô K# XH Q~O H^# H^# `H_ . Hq`x H= O`" #
=@ } ^H~. Ki`# q~z` ~\x H H\ OK_.
_@< n~ Hq` *eH "O_ z# "\< "AQ K^=`<i\
H` `~O ". ''Since there is no help, come let us kiss and part
J# <\# ''one of the greatest emotional out bursts over captured
in the confines of a sonnet Jx y_~.b
58
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 9
Hq` H [ÒH ~ =~
=O_`# Hq`yQ, H [ÒQ HiO|_ H~ =~ 1564
|=i 26# HO@~|s +H~ ~O_ < =O^ \_. H=
''The muses darling Jx, +H~ =~ `# ~} Jx, *#< J`x Hq`
O =H ~Hx, _@< ''Had tranlunary things in him L# Hq
Jx "K~. =~ Kx~# =_ ` `~ "` < |~< Hq ''crowned,
girdled and shod with light and fire, first born of the morning sovereign star Jx HàK_. =~ = P~ <@H, #@ U <Q
<\, ~O_ n~ Hq` ~_O\~. =~ Ò_ K `~ K"_.

`` `# O K"_. JO` P W~ HO< Q_~. #Q~
K =<~. 15= U@ ~+ OkOz =~ HOQ K~_.
=~ ~O_ =~ i Ok HOa_x H~ H Hl K~_. P~
K W|O^ __ . =~ Jf` <x `\ q^~ J#H<"~.
J#qOK_ _. W`# =Ò ` x|O^# *" LÔ`x
iO_"_. H` x|O^#x r HO> " #=HO Z=, Hi#
x|O^#, U x|O^# x _ ''Q< =~ JO> qQ~^#
K~"<_. W~== U@ q` QO^ K^=`< ''Fq_# ~ +
J#"Ô K KiOK_. O_< a+, HO@~ |s Pi a+ nx #_|*~
`Q\OK~. =~ ~O_ H< ^~ #O_ ^~" ''D`< _=\
^Q~
_. ''H< Hx Q `~ = K_. =i ^Q~ `# ~
59
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''The tragedy of Dido-queen of Carthage <@HxH =_ =yx

HiOK_.
<^`H | |
=`kH~ ^~#O qugi~Ok. _wx W=\xH ~+_^.
HOa_x =k O_< K~_ =~. #@, <@H ~K~`` iKO
OKH<_. k @~` J#|OÔ U~_Ok. "iH <Q =^` <@H
P~ ~_. ''`=~< k Q\, ''k \lH s P _H~ , ''k E
P = JO_ Z_~ k HO_. JO`=~ JOH~ x JO` QQ
LyOz# "~ ~. ^x ^#`xz Hq`xH `K_. Jx|^
Hq` =~ \ Oz J^H H` HQ f~_. =@# Ow`
^xQ =i Ow`" qO@<"", "~^ "#O H@`<""
J#O` ="# ^ ~` q+OQ PH@H<_. J`x | $+ Z#
^\ ''H |~ q[x kOzOk. JO` _H~ tY~ =#OQ
xezOk. =O^ =O^#_ WOw+ HqÒ q#x # yOz
#`#`xH =~Qq J_ =~.
=m H` z W~<_ =~. Hx J`x J*` "^x OK~.
^= ^+}, <H "^ =^ "~ =~. <H "Ô PHO <~O.
=iHx z~ ^ " W~" <Q = * O~. q_^
|\HK_. Hx =~ J~^ `~` ''g Hx s qK~} ^==Q
30051593 =~ ` K|__. @< J< Ki`H~_ =~#
WOQO [~ J< =~` @ `Q"_ _| `Q^` `" #k gO _
~ KO_x `_. =~ L^H. `~Q HO `KH< =O L#"_.
z# `Q^H "iî =^ L^H ~Q@ O` [ ~ ` Q H\_ . J\H _
=~ Kx_.
=~ <@H ~K~` J~ LO_H` J`x Z=~ W\^H
Q~OKH<"~ H^"? J`# ~# ''k +<\ +~ @ " Ze[`
HO<\ ei J#H~}. ''It lies not in our power to love or
hate-for will in us is overruled by fate =O\ z~~} Hq` O
~_. +H~ =~ Hq`# =~O\ P "x Q "_H<_.
60
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
JO^H ''Marlowe is that affable familiar ghost in the eighty sixth of

Shakespeare's sonnets and his spirit appears in un mistakably in
"As you like it" when Phebes quotes the famous line with appropriateness and true appreciation Jx `~ q=~, q+.
L^~}Q ''Dead shepherd now I find thy saw of night-who ever
loved, that loved not at first sight KOK~. <@H ~K~`Q Q
~ OkOz< J`x <@H tY~ =#OQ = Jx J<~. tY~O Ki

`_|_ *i_ Jx "i =O. J`x qÔ` <@H ''Sprinkled
with the brains of slaughtered men compounded of cruelty, stewn
with individual murder and whole sale massacres. nxH H~}O
J`# O xH ^~" UHH rqÒ Q_ @

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\*_ He L<~. "~ ''The sweet wittie soul of Ovid lives in
the mellifluous and honey tongued Shakespeare Jx OK_. ''g#
JO_ J_x q~^ JaK~. g\x ''A couple of ice houses
JO@ J`# K# ` H#x Jx *\ J<_. He_ =_
''Shakespeare wrote as if he were a visiting god from another planet
charming you to gaze on the movements of Venus and Adonis as
you would on the twinkling dances of vernal butterflies J<_.
=` JO^x JOÔ, J^Ò , q^#O, WOk J#= O K K Q #K~.

nx <@H Jq`H LO_ <@H# `~KQ K Ò@< Z~
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D#H ''H JOH`qK_. O^q^ +H~, W\ = U
+H ZO` =~# Q=xO. ''I love I dedicate to your lordship is
without end where of this pamphlet without beginning but a superfluous moity-what I have done is yours what I have to do is
yours being part in all I have devoted yours Jx JÒ` q^``
JOHÒ K_. WO^x H^ _ ''Fq_x H^. H =kOz# `~"`

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+H~ =HÒ QiOz ''With his key he unlocked his heart J<_
=~=~. ''Shakespeare's secret was inscructably his own J<_
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HO> Q ueO*_. +H~ ` ''Were rocked by ungovernable passions Jx "K~. ''Shakespeare's genius flares up, flickers and falls Jx `~.
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H` `~ K@O qeO W+O. JO^H ''Every word doth almost
69
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tell my name J<_ +H. u qxH L# W~ ~# $tOK_.

"\ P# K # =@ P# $^ x è*~. ''What a piece
of work of man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculty! in
forn and moving how like an angel! in apprehension how like god!
the beauty of the world! the paragon of animals1
P# =@ "`Q [#O <H g xez~. ''There is a divinity that shapes our ends-as flies to wanton boys are we to the
gods-they kill us for their sport.
U q^#"< ''Moderation tolerance and decency xiOK|_x
qOK_. ''In an age of private intrigue, political treachery and
general turmoil, he upheld conservative law, natural order and
harmony. +# H, =@ "\ =^ L# J#|OÔ, JO^x
Ow` O P# è#O` Z=iH è^. ''The world of
Shakespeare is one that continually being explored. shakespeare
is one who was the universal dramatist, the mirror of mankind.
we become part of his works. we can never encompass the universe he created - it contains us.b
70
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Kx=\xH ^__. ^ ``@ qg^ ^=` =#=x`
OKiOK~. qxH q HO^" =x+ __. ''Man is the
beauty of the world, the paragon of animals J# =O +"Ok.
$+ JO` =#=xH Oy LO_^ Jx ''*i ~~ J<_. ''H~ r=HO
JO` =x+ KK` #_"eO^ J<_. +H~ =~}O `~` =x+
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71
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<. * LO_Q ~=< HêH J_. =k~. Hx Px JO`\ x
Ò n#O KH#k. L_= @# " #iH tHOK~. <O_ U
`~` WOQO_ KiH K~_. =O^ __. o D~# J=~`
$OQiOK_. ~ KHO ^~OQ< L<_. ùH, Q~``#O,
K_ u~Q_, `\ #@` `Q^ _@ O, H=# J OKH=@O K JOîH
^~=_. +H~ K` O O^_. H<, |=O\ K~, _
_< P~kOK~. *#< =~ KOk# =H= ''We are the tribe of
Ben and made jonson the first dictator in the history of English
literature Jx <# PHxH Z`~. L_ ~HO` =#O zQ
uiQ_. ^h H @^. HkHO `~` } =~_. H"_x Xke

Ki`H \*_# ~_. JO^ [<, JO_ Hie<,
Hx~ =`" q[=O`" < ~. Ze[` `~` "^\ *" ~A J_.
~A W=#Hx X~ @ w, ~=< >~ P^~OQ `~ K_.
J#=O x #@ g\x #\OK~. Hq` HO> g\H P^~} iyOk. XH
^|O< g\x ~_. = # =^ ''"<, ''P~ kH, ''ZH< ,
''P~ k O\ q"<, ''k Pq. *#< ` = "z ~A #<
U~@ K_. ~A *#<# "@" ^\ ''P# Hqx K_. ` "iHx,
XH @# "<# WK_. # J~^ = O_< ~ H\ \O_
K~_. JH_ H=` iK OKH<_. ''Z_< |~ |~ J_.
72
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u. _| =. =#HOQ Oy_. J~" <Q =
06081637# < *#< b `<_. " qx~ P Y##O K~.
=k ''O Rare Ben Jonson Jx ~# HO LOK~. x*~fQ
L<_ Hx Hk Q~ O HO=OzOk. `# <@H# ''HH _ Q =kOKHx
KH# "^\ <@H ~K~`Q < *#< Ki` $OK_. D ~A <
*#<# Q~q~ Hx qOK"~ ~. ~K# L`H`` K^=`~ Hx
P~O O^~. ''Jonson does not possess the real magic, the genius to transform JO\~. HqÒ Jx`~ ^"# u K_.
=x+ gk HO, u~~ ~H O, qQ# J`x Ow` | =iH``
=i`~. ''Drink to me only with thine eyes J<_. ''Queen and
huntress Q ~. =KH XH Hq` it was a beauty that I saw so pure, so perfect as the frame - of all the universe was lame - to
that one figure, could I draw - or give last line or it a law.
''A skein of silk without a knot - a fair march made without
a halt - a curious form without a fault - a printed book without a
blot - all beauty and without a spot!
Hq`" Jx H HO> L#`"#k Jx, \*_ P#O^x JOk rq`

`# kOKx K_. H"_ =# `H x =Oz e ` LO_<_.
''Z"i =< W< =~ <@HO O_< #Q~ ^~ u H H\ O K_.
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=x+ }Q LO_x < *#< PtOK_. J`x q=~ P~QH~OQ
LO_ =~^~H~. J`# XH =~# U~@ KH<_. gi< ''Tribe
of Ben J<~. "# *Q`Q x|~OQ |k, =# \ ~=x `=
K_.b
73
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*. ''Ze[`< *Hc< OQ ''A body of literary work more precious to the English than any other, apart from Shakespeare and
the translated Bible Jx Hq`x JOK< "~. Hx J=h O H^.
H~` ~K# JO`=~ Z=~ W`x qOK^. ''H|~ Hi <" J#k <+
~OkQ JO^~ JOwHiOK~. ''I am sick - I must die - Lord have
mercy on us! Jx ~H<_.
o, K= @ Hq _H~ ^= HO <
15671620 KOk# ^= HO< `#
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# " P "HOQ ~ ~ W< k HO@~ ~O\ QiO =zOk. ''J|~+<
W< k P~ P WOw+ \ J< q=~<` QOÔ HH ` Q #
JO^x KO^# "z =m J" Qu Jx è K_. ''He protested
against the vulgar and artificial rhyming.
30 = e ~~ J< `\ Ow`H~x` He ''U |H P
P~ "^\ QxH eiH ~@" HO_ "Ò Ow`x, ~"HOK_.
D Ò =O`"Ok. D ^~}< =~ =_ JOH` =O` `#`
K =kOK_. "_< HO> =lH ^#`xK_. ''~ |H P P~
~_. nx Hq< ''The apothecaries have books of Gold, whose
leaves being opened, are so light that they are subject to be shaken,
with the least breath - yet rightly handed, they serve both ornament and use Jx ~O_ ~H [<# ~<_.
Hq< ~# e`, ~^~ H eiH K x`" # " J~< =#

Q "x K~. J`# J#@ HkeOK~ _. J`x eiH ''The
superfluous of his deeper studies LO\~. "= Hq`x i J~#
=` "` [`K K@O J`x `H`. ''Beauty since you so much
desireO\q Q~O_ =@. HqÒ Hq< L# "#
= _x u~iOz Hq`xH ''~O (JO` ) J=~"#<_.
Hq< o KH^. ~. 01031620# Kx_. P~*
" \ \ ~O\ _O< JO`H K~. 15021567# [xOz#
Hq< =_ =`" rqOK_.
[O@ H= x c=O\, *< K~
''A perfect union of genius and friendship Jx ~ `KH#
x c=O\ 15841616 HO"_. <O_ U = PH~
K~_. J\H Jki ~O_ \*_# ~# #_. Wq =~ ~#
75
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Qa@ ^~^
''@O|~ <, +H~ ~#

''>\ PO_xH J#H~}. Kkq k<
=H ''q_ >O "O|~ J_. Hk
HO O_< <@H ~K~` OO K~_.
WO^ K~ XH Qq. K~$[# Z=.
^xH =_~ c=O\ JOkOK"_. < *#<
_ `# ~Ok i K\xH c=O\H WK"_.
K~` He ^=_ <@H# ~_ c=O\. ''"^\ c=O\ K~
e 35 <@H` 1647 q_^ J~` 1679 53` q_^ J~Ok.
c=O\ ~#q K iQ Q hu|ÔQ LO\~. [O@ ~K# K<
JO^ ''OQ~ |\ JO_ =~ LO^x "KHO\~. [O@ H=#O D
Wî`< ~O"O^x K=K.
*< K~
c=O\ HO> `q^ Z= HO
rqOz# *< K~ 1579 \ 1625
=~}OK_. JqO` <@H ~K~`Q PHO
~ O^_. H OÒ ''~ \_.
HOa_ <\ Hl Kk"_. W~" O_<
K~_. ~Ô, =Oz ^`` JOîh
PHiOK_. ^~ <@H OQ ~_x
QiO. c=O\` He U_ H Zxqk ~ LO\_.
^= q_<` _ [` He ~_. +H~ _ gi` He ''@
<| H<"<, ''HOQ x k ` <@H ~_. ''\r H"_ ~<
|"# HiH K~ LO_k. P HiH f~O_< ''Q "k H J~O`~OQ
# P~ U@ Kx_. " qx~ P K~ Hq H< =k K~.
<@H ~<, K~ HqQ< LO_@O W+O. ''The touch is light and the
tone lyrical, the lines move with grace, warmth and spontaneity.
Although his range is not great he had a definite influence on his
followers Jx J`x Hq` ""x Z"\ K~. K~ ~# ''Zer
76
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
H"Q hu ^HQ LO_@O `H`

''lay a garland on my hearse - of the dismal yew - maidens
willow branches bear - say I died true.
''My love was false, but I was firm - from the hour birth upon my buried body lie - lightly gentle earth.
WO\ O K ~ Hq` HH. JO\ ` JK"#
|OQ~O "~Q JxOK@" D ''` Q H}
O. +H ~ J#=~Q
=Oz ~ O^_. F J~O KH#O` "QOQ J`x ~K#O\~.
J~< +H ~ ~K# Q g\H Hf` q= H =@O` =~z~.
W\^H ''~el< Hq`" D Qx _q<\ KOk. b
77
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 15
*< _<
k_= `|= f H~ == #, PO`~ O# #=~
`K~, Hx XH `~O `~` D q^#O == fi~Ok. =_=O^
U HxOKO_~# D HqÒ W~== à P H=` qkOz#
#`# H_ ~ q+ K~O OkOk. ''__< Hq D Q` O|OÔ
O_ ''Donne affects the meta physics not only in his satires but
in his amorous verses Jx _OH |*~Oz ''*< _< QiOz K_.
= *#<
''"\ l H J< J~= =@# `K Hx _< `~ "u H=# eK_.
Wk HOKO =`HQ L< ''The metaphysical poets were men of learning and to show their learning was their whole endevour Jx Hb
"KH<_. D H= JO` ^#O Wz Hq`x ~O_ ^
~< K~ Jx JaQO LOk. "\ lH H= H= JxOKH<
J~` ^<_ *#<. H$ux Hx, rq`x Hx ^h J#HiOK^<_
Z_O_ Q. Hx q=~ *#<# H@^. ''_< POQ Ò,
~K~` =O Z" J<_ W~== à^H. _< "x
QiOKH~ q=~. "\ lH Hq`xH, _< Q L^~} Jx
We\ W_ x~OÔQQ H\ OK_. We\ ''A mechanism of sensibility which could devour any kind of experience Jx "\lH
78
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
Hq`x JOK< "_. *< _< s~HOQ =#HOQ Z< P@@

Z^~<_. ''=#= s~" J`x HO. =x+ P` XH qi J#H<_.
u "xH OkOK_. = iy# Hn D JO`~Ô ~Q`< LOk.
^_Q =i~ =` K~__. _< ~# ''~< 1640
q_^ J~Ok. JO^ J`x J#` #Oz P` ``xH }O
Ja=$k HxOk. =`H " #O_ q^ =#H i}=O QKiOk.
''ey" Q HH~< P`^~} J`x P`H J =~}x H< =O^
K=# K_. J`x ~K# L# "qÔ J`x rq`x `H=\xH
Q< HiOk.
_< O_< 1573 XH O# W# "i H_Q [xOK_.
Ò_ ^= "~ |O^= *<, =_ `~# o KH<_. ^~~
L^QO O^_. =lHOQ L#` ~ L<_. `# J=~g~ ~HO
=O^x qOK"_. HêH @O|O `~ |O^=# QiOz ==
U@ ~_. \<, OK# WO\ =^ @@~ kOK~. ^HO_= U@
''P~ P PH~ K~_. H_ lH# =_ Kkq HOa_
\x\ Hl K~_. q^ s[< #=HxH, x+ q+H Kk"_. J^ #O
K_. Ô QOK_. '' Kkq H K_. HêHQ L<
KO^xH ^~O J_. QO q+K, QO =#= ^+O` u~Qx Hq
JxOKH<_. g\< ''OQ JO_ <\ ue O* _. >~ , Zer`
^_. ~<, W@b K_. ~ ^= DQ~< "\ H@i
J_. D ^" HO =OzOk. P WO\ xÒQ "eQ_. DQ~<
|O^ = ''J< "~` = __ . P"` z~ o K H<_. HxH
|e J_. L^QO T_Q\, * \OK_. XH U_kH o K@|^"Ok.
q_^ J_. ''Ane done - undone Jx èH ~Hx "_.
`~"` ~~ rqÒ X_^_` #_zOk. Ku zeQ=x
îHO. J ^ =# ~=< HêH# =k =`kH~# ^+ J<H
H~` ~ q_^ K_. z=iH DQ~@< Q ^q, @O| +}
^#O K_. _<# HqOK_. ~A ^ ^H} g^ |`H@O =#
_+< #_. ~A W# _| ^xH K@O ^. f="# P``
__. nx [| U~_ rqÒÒ kOzOk. ''Me thinks I have the
79
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
keys of my prison in my own land, and no remedy presents itself

so soon to my heart as mine own sword Jx ~H<_.
_< c^Q, qK~Q_Q K= HO Z^~K Q__. H@i

L^QO =O^x PtOz OQ__. ^=_ ^__. ZOî< O
HO JiOK_. J__ Z=~ =O^ ~^. z#z# L^Q K_.
"Q< K#"~ Hx K` Z=~ P^H^. ''OQ JO_ <\ J< =`
O|O^ Hq` ~< L<_. 42= U@ ^#O, KHOQ ^x
^H=@O =# qy "i Ò_Q POyH< Ki " ^Q~_.
"^\ *" ~A O`+Oz _<# ''K<# K_. eOH< W< J`x =`
K~xQ JOwHiOz fHOk. ''_< P ~O\ J~_.
P`<+} eOz _< Q K~_Q ~ `KH<_. _|,
YO _ Q JO^Òk. O`+O ^. J`xH JqÒQ rqÒ #Oz
^~" =` ^#H ^#O ~K_. qOz# ~ Kx~Ok. XHi
"#H uiy KHx K# ` `Hx Ò KO^_. rqÒ #O_
q=H KO^< HiH |bO J~Ok. ZH_ YO LO_^ Jx QOK_.
P~QO Q ^|ux~Ok. rqÒ ^|u<#< =O J`x _ Ok.
W_ =x+ rqÒ Ò H^x =x+ =~_ Jx QOK_.
''_"+< ~~ Zxq^ |uH_. J`x r=O H} O z`<
LOk. ''To pay a fever every half year as a rent for my life Jx
"_. a+Q "+< Ok# HkHxH 57= U@ f= J<~QO
J`x OQnOk. Kx`<#x QOK_. ''#~ @# `~
K~OK_. ^x ~OQ` fik^_ . `# H < LOKH<_. 31031631
H #~` Kx_. _< |uH L#HO< J`x Hq` Q K~=~.
J`xq ~O_ =`" J`x rq`HO =^} O^~. ''<@q P k
=~, ''P k Q P k Q k KO^~. |uH LO_Q< Q_,
`Q_ J#qOK_. ''Donne's continual conflict between anxious
hope and wordly disollusionment made him as characteristic of
our age as of his. =_ ` `~` M` J"iH #= ~K~`
Z~ qOQ" _< ~ Z=iH èx ''_"< #Oz XH ^xH Z#Hx ''~

O k iOQ ~_. JO^ ''Any man's death diminishes me,
80
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
because Iam involved in mankind. And therefore never send to

know for whom the bell tolls. It tolls for thee J<_.
"\ lH JO> Jk PK## "# UHH$Ò KOk. uHxH

Jf`"#k. = z`<~~Ok. q~^# [` HÒk. q~q@
Qe "Q# îO*Ok. ''Donne showed his followers a new
way of fusing sense and sensibility. He bought together pieces of
a disordered universe and arranged them in a world of clear vision. He united compexity of thought and simplicity of language.
_< Q $[#je. ^^Q J`x Jx Hq`# =~}" ==. ''Death
had no horror for the sensual curiosity seeker, the exhilarated being who shrank from no excess of impulse or devotion `# =##
|@ _` ''I have not the rightousness of job, but I have the
desire of jon - I would speak to the Almighty, and I would reason
with God J<_.
''Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men and dost with poison, warand sickness dwell - one short sleep,
past we wake eternally - and death shall be no more - death thou
shall die Jx KO* K# Hq _< ''Well serve as epitaph for one
who, predestined to a fearce singularity, united the ecstatic and
the austere in vehement of intellectual play and spiritual discipline
Jx D Hqx JOK< "~.b
81
~OQ H= =K@
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''~OQ H= =K@ 16
#~ = O `~`
=~}O rq =$` Hq` ~ q+ } K J<H =Okx qÒ
K# *< _< J#. k_= à Pk uH` " "y, q~^` #
H\ Q_~. gk ''_< J<~. Ja~z, >HH g~ a#"#
=~ `H~. Q T xOK~. nx` Hq`xH XH H` +,
#`#Ò, zH^#O, e, "H x~}O =z =# PÔ HeyOk. WO^
HO^~ ''_< ''__< "~k xeK~. "~ *i ~~ iK~, H,
x "Q<, ^= \~.
b *i ~~
*i ~~ 1593 "x Hl P =O\ Q=s [xOK_.
J# ~~ Q Ki`H~_. Ò_# k=Ok O`#O XH_. "Ôu,
_=\ J_. ~~ PH~ K~Q< @O|O O_< k#= U@
=zOk. <O_= U@ *i " qx~ K~_. HOa_ ''HOQ
~Q K~_. W~"= U@ \x\ ''aH P~@~ J~ Zxq^ xK_.
J# rq H"x `#__. J`x =#, |k ^=_< LO_q.
W z#`#O #Oz LOk. èH ~# L`~O `# ^=x =x+#x JQ
rq#x è_. è `_ *< _<# HqÒ" HH Ki" u_.
32= U@ JkH~ Ok, 36= U@ ''~H~ J_. *< _<~# o
KH<_. Ki# xiOK@O Ja=$k K@O HO Q__. "Hn
#_z "o e |i Ki OwÒ` =`^ K HqQ, ~`# _
82
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Qa@ ^~^
PH~OK_. ^_Q O`$ O^_ Hx D P#OÔ Z=HO ^.

~~ H"k Z_ HO^ è^Hx 40= U@< @#
@HOk. `y# U~@ KH<_. K= OQu =O^ QOK_. `#
@# `< OwÒ ~<_. Hq< Q *i OwÀ_. Hq
_. g} (lute) "~ _"_. `# XH ^=^`# J< =O` ~O
Q#O K # J# u` _ ` P J#" x J`x `#`xH HeO K"_.
''b *i ~~ J<"~. ^, #u, =Oz`#O, H=^#O ~~
`. _<Q "\ lH J~< J`x HO> ~ q. _<# f=`,
O W`x =. Ki J`xH ^"O =`" H^. +# KHQ "kQ@
~K# K"_. Ki ~HO g^ Hq` Ô xiOK_. ~HOH~
"kH _ JO> PûH " P"O J< #=HO HeyOK_. ''Ki <,
#=HxH <k, H\ # ~ ~ q#xH , F~H fH. g\x HÔ_
|OkOK "O\ H #O = zO. ''Ki ^~ Ò Kq K`
^KH# # q_OKk Jx K K=`~OQ ~H` ^## i+
K"_ ~~. ^=_ H" #\<#. qg^ J<"_ ''Jesu! - Ease
- you Jx =# ''`""O# XO@ |\#H#@ J<"_. J~=O`"# |
=uH=O nx J<QO =KHH\ ANA (MARY ARMY) GRAM J<H k^ #
~_. =#" ~# |O^ HqÒ =O\k. HqÒ OHuH`# *_Oz
K_# =@. K ~OQ ZO` `HOQ LO\~ Wq. ~~ ~#
J=~ wÒ ''O Almighty Love! Man is one world and hath - another to attend him ''"< \ P qQ\ ~~ $[# ~H+Q
q~. J`x J~O KH=@O H+". J<H ~H ^z` Oe[O`
XH \# H~__k H^. P + D OKxH KOkOkQ JxOK^
_. _< `# ^# JO`\ x ''_=>* K Ka` ~~ `# ^#
kQqOQHx ^=_` =\__. _< Q `## ''jobQ =iOKH^.
=u~HOK O_ J=u =Ò è*_. xH, =HH =^ #x q[ #
~Y# K_. OK J ~~# QiOz KO> uH, ~ M
JO> ''humility, orderliness, serenity grace` qHOz# O~ Hq
J#=K. =#H KOKO x J^~}"# ` H =H` O L#"_. H=tH}
=~~. ''serenity came after internal conflict and a feeling of
83
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
inadequacy and underneath the grace, the wit and whimsicality,

there is an unshakable fervor as reasonable as it is religious. Quiet,
alternately courtly and colloquial this is a poetry which begins in
wonder and ends in certainty Jx ~~ Hq`x JOK<"~. ''Z
HO_ P ~h Jx HiOK~. ''\ P k =~ W< Zqi H~~

OQ J# Hq` | K~"Ok. ''D~ qOQ Hq` K^=\xH H^ PH$uH
_ Jk~@ LO@Ok. J`kH < }O, e L# a\+ PûH H= JQ~ _
~~.
~~ = `q^ rqOz 01031633# ^= xkH K~H<_.b
84
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Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 17
iK~ H
M` i@< ^_ qeO H iK~ H 1612 \_.
=` ^# g^ Ja=#O. ~=< Ki =# =oOk. ''O\
J~# Ò_H Wk =u~HO. O_< \ OH, K~~ @< Kkq, =`
K~ =^< #_= Q__. J|O Hb HqH ^Q~_. Hb
HqÒ "= <~@" HH PiH = K"_. WOQO_ JO`~^
=O PiHOQ îHO J#qOKH i K~_. Hb iK~# O_<
fHK_. "O L# ~} x Z\ "i ^$+H H q+x
f "_. P U_^ H =Ò =~_. ~" KOk# Hi# \
"\ H@i J_. `~"` ~\x b H^_ '' H#<Q
^q O^_. ~[HOQ, =HQÒQ @ ~_. 36= U@
JH`Q 16081649 H rqÒ #Oz H#=~Q_.
'' @ k >O J< H HO J`x " HO< "=_Ok.
Wk ~~ ~# ''k >O# e LO^<~ Hx iQ `_Q< LOk.
~~ qÒQ L# K@ H qAqOK_. ~~k i WOw+ ^~}
J~`, Hk W\e< x+ ^~} LO@Ok. =` L`"# ~~
` H JO^# <@H`# "\ H`^#O `K_. #y+
KH_. JOH~O K_. H HqÒ ''So ornate, so overembellished
that it is some times hard to see the poetry because of the words.
His images are alternately gorgeous and grotesque JO\~. "s
=Qb< r= tx Hq` =# =OÔK_. ''Two walking baths two
85
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
weeping motions - portable compendious oceans. H< $[<
[qeQ =~. # ~ O_ O* P" Jkf O^~x Pq+i

Jk [ =}O Jx, Jk P"H OÒ Jx ~_.
''~O\ >~ K# Hq` H Hq` `=xHOQ q~.
fH# "_@O x`_. Q~=O J< L K@O ay T~_H
H@H# H= "\x ''H+ K# H P^~_<_. H ~K##
"^\ i qeO @O| XH HOQ =kOK_. H ~# ''| JO>
h\ |_Q Hq` We\ H~~ ~} HeyOzOk. '' k # H
*~ Ol Ow`x =~_. \< Hq ''H` ~# Hq`# *i ''HO
JO_ \ J* e"Q WOw+ ~_. nxH Ex~ = "|~ WOw+
OwÒ K_.
J|O Hb
O_< 1618 O#_# H qH`,
H [=xH [xOK_. "^\
#Oz K *Q`Q LO_"_. ^H ''~=
JO_ u J< ~} $OQ~ Hq` ~_.
~O_ `~` =~ ZH ''H<x JO_
` `~ K_. D ~O_ Hq` ''\H O Ki`.
J\H D |__ = k#. W~"H =~ ~O_ H =k_. "
qx~ K~_. `~` \x\ Hl Ki ~e ^$HÔ qsÒQ
=\_@O =# HOa_ #Oz |+iOK~. PH~ K~_. "~ ~A
JO_Q xeK~. 28H i L<_ D "O x Z\ "i
H@i J_. <O_ _=\H U*O\Q ==iOK_. ~}H K~
=^ ~ ~~O #__. = U_ WOQO_ ~AQi "QQ ()
K~_. H" îH~ * _. uqx |qx K ~
q_^_. ~~+< Hb ^qx xeOk. PH~ Ki "_< Kk"_.
Hk\ P^xK XH z# Z\# WK~. F H~ ~Q rqOK_.
''That solitude which from his very childhood he had always pas86
~OQ H= =K@
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sionately desired z#\ #Oz H H# XO@i # rqÒ aOz
O`$ KO^_# =@. 49= U@ 2807I1667 WHO KeOK_. "

qx~ P J`x JO`H x~OK~. Hb |uH LO_Q ^Q U
O Kx ~O_= K~ ~A ''Cowley has not left behind him a
better man in England Jx "e Hh~ H~_.
Hb =O ~H\Q JH`Q H Zyi JQ *i_Ok. P
`~x qÒ K# HqQ Hb Q~O_`_. W" J`x \ OKH< "~
`". ''k Zh^ J< J`x ~K# ax _q_ H^. ''k _q_ _
x*xH ^~OQ LO@Ok. O_~ =`HQ LO@Ok. Hq`x "^@@O
=yOK@O Hb Q [ K_. J`x kH ìH *<x HO "Hx
J^ @Hx ~_. z#z# Hq` J^~} u K_. ''Beauty
thou wild fantastic ape - who dostin every country change thy
shape =KH XH L^~}. ''Cowley's paraphrases from Anacreon
the Greek forerunner of Omar Khayyam Jx J~= = |~= K@Q
K_x JO\~. J`x "# W\H `~KQ =kOz Pî< L<~. b
87
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 18
>x< =~^ i x "<

^H} " ~ J< `Q KOk#"_=@O =# x "<#
''i J<~. ~`# `Q KOk#"_. Py< H~ " uxÔ
LO_k. Ò_ ~ ^= "<# =_= iK~ ~A KOOK_x +H~
<@HO è*Ok. x ^= H=. 17041621 [##O. WO\
=^ ^qH q^ < ` ^~OQO " JOQ~HH PtH Ô
XH_<_. ~eQ Q qO Hey L<_. ~O_ `~` i>~ J~,
"^= K "kQ e\ PÔ^=_, Hq`x _ ~ Q__.
H <H J~ `|O "^ = Q__. `~` O` T~ ''#@<
J 23041695# Kx_.
"< =Ò =~Hx |`He =zOk. q "~ e` "~Ò
=#, [| _@
O = J# K=, ` =~}` Oy_. O KO
=#= ^:M# K KeOK_. W=h ''O\ O\< ~O_= QO
ueOK~. 24 "^\ QO =zOk. ''" Ze[` QO`~
^~} HxOk. "Q<, ~~ =^ eH LO^x JO\~ Hx ^" Z=Q
HxOk. ~~ "_# JOH~ Ki OÔ LO\~. "<q
H$u~OQ LO\~. ij#` HO> ~}` "Q< HqÒ ~_. ~~
W"* OÔQ LO> "Q< "\x K# K_ . "^q HqQ HO> "^HO
88
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L# HqQ QiO O^_. H$u q_ =`" H^ $+H~ J~#

^=_H ^Q~_. ''Vaughan was with man's love of God, he was
also convinced of god's need of man, a love beyond logic, an essential mysticism which the intellect can never explain. H$ux
uHf` ^$+` K_. J`x Hq`x PkÔ.

''There is in God some say - a deep but dazzling darkness,
as men here - say it is late and dusky, because they - see not all
clear - of for that night where I in Him - might live invisible and
dim
~ " Hx J`x Hx~. g\x `~"u `~O H=

P^~OQ fH<~. `#HO H= HO> a#OQ ~_. =[ n#uH
*e__ . ^=_x, H$ ux, J#" # ~OQiOz Hq` ~ JOîHO>
a#Ò K_. J`x HqÒ P HxHO> P^ xH " LO_@O ` H`.
''Vaughan is recognized as another example of a poet who can
write both graceful and effective prose. He influenced the work
of such poets as Wordsworth, Tennyson and Siegfried Sasson.
J"iH <H< ~K~` ''e H _H _ "< =O `#g^ LO^x

K_.
=~=~ ~} ^= @~
163637 \ 27091674 Kx~#
'^= @~ QiOz q=~ iQ=. " ~
~ + "H~ H_. PH~ ''< Hl
K~_. 1657 _w O^_. H_< XH
''~<*Q xK_. ^ `~` ~ X~O_
a_=< ''K< J_. F~O_ ~[=kH# ^~K L^y. J`x`
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= =~}OK_.
q_=O_ ~# ^= ~K# XH H" ''~=< ~s J`x
rq`HO JK~Ok. P `~` ~ O_ =O^ U ^H J`x U Hq` =^}
89
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QO O^^. P^xH "uH f J`x Hq` q=# xQ `~. J`x

"~ Ug @^. ~O_ ` `~` XH |H "``
îH~. "\x Hx +eOQ "_H KeOz XH qÔ_ ''JHO_~
|K Q~ ^HOKH<_. "\x "< Hq J=k` Hq`#H<_.
i^ Q~ ~@ __x x~iOz Jq @~"#x è =kOK~.
K~ P WOQO_ qx~ Q L# \~ Q = O`x JKOK qO,
q^
`, J}= L#"_. x` O @## _ ^=x bQ qOz `#O
KO^"_. "_Q OKx K"_. un P~", un ^=x
=`... Q *Q$` u, _ K =#Ò LO_@" H^ Jk HqÒ
ue OzOk. ''For him the mere act of wandering is wonderful
JxOk.
''Traharne's singular verses are to use the title that headed
his unpublished volume "poems of felicity" "\l
H HqQ< QiO
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literal setting that is an attempt faithfully reproducing a sense of
expression from a given movement a technique later used by William Words Worth W H$u Hq =~=~# qÒ K# HqQ Ki`
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q~^` =~ `H`. ''His verse is both worldly and detached from the world, classical and yet colloquial rhetorical yet
eminently reasonable J`x Q Hq` ''to his coy mistress J`x
Hq` ''Thou by the Indian Ganges side Jx ~` ^x q` QOQ
#kx JO^ K~_. W~" U ~"O\ "O|~Q LO_, `# "^q`<x

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place. But none I think do there embrance Jx J`x Hq` O
92
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~~. ''Marvel's style is more than a technical accomplishment or

the vocabulary and sintax of an epoch it is what we have designated tentatively as wit a tough reasonableness beneath the lyric
grace J<_ \. Z.We\. ''It is difference between intellectual
poet and the reflective poet Jx q, D >O_ =# O^xH
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shall make - know I have prayed thee - for old religion's sake saint ben to aid me Jx "^\ H"_ OkOK_. Ò_ Hx Ò_
Hq` "~ _ J~# iH 1629 O^Q rqOK\xH Ja=# qH~*

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J`x Hq` Q^# ''@ Pe O [< ~_. ''Stone walls do not
make a prison make - nor iron bars a cage - minds innocent and
quiet take - that for an hermitage - if I have freedom in my love in my soul am free - angels alone that soar aove - enjoy such liberty
Jx x|~OQ ~H<_.
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=K ~Q KQ K^=H=x _ WK_. ''My books are my
whole life Jx q< =^#O ~_. JO> `# Uq H`<_ J`xH
J=Q`"Ok. Hq H"< HiH |"#k. Hq J#u KO^@" HH OxH
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''At last he rose and twitched his mantle blue - tomorrow to fresh
woods and pastures new Jx ~H<_. i@< J~< WOH `
^=, ^ Q~H < L<~. < HO`HO LO_, ^ _K =x,
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kingQ `~= K =k_.
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Hq. nxH =^#OQ< ''P~ Q_ ~_. `x, K# iOK=^x
`= K_. `# "# ''Who kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God's image, but he who destroys a book kills reason itself,
kills the image of God as it were the eye. Good book is the precious life - blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured up on
purpose to a life beyond life... killing books is a kind of massacre,
where of the execution ends not in the slaying of an elemental life,
but strikes at the ethereal and fifth essence the breath of reason
itself slays an immorality rather than a life Jx ` [<x
^x x+k =K J#~x x~OQ x~=@OQ è_. J\H WOH

q< q^ JO^~ O^ , ~ JK " QiOz K^.
1645 "^\ W~" Zxqk Hq` O\x q_^ K_. Wq J~O
JxOK~. WO^ Hx W\e< + ~# <@ L<~. Hx
~[H J@_H`<~. i@< i=+< ''J#kH~ P# Hq
J_. K~ ~A qK~} [iyOk. O` Q ~*< H= #
O_, xO`Q ~OQ =i x~H}OQ KOeO^ J<_ q<.
104
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P<_ ` =^ "_H L# + \<. ~O_= K~ O_
"O LO_Q J< =~^ `H~_` ~[iHO < ~A
^"O O`_ J< q+O g^, ~A g^ ~~OK_. q<#
=^#O ~=x uxkx K~. Wî L`~ ` `~ \< < #_K~.
g\x J^#O K# ``"` ^= Z=i + x~+"#^, Z=i "^#
~O L#^ è K= J<_.
q< ~` x Q`< LOk. H =HQ HxOK@O ~O"Ok.
PO_ =~ Hq O fHO@<_. 48= U@ q< =m oH_H _.
Hî< =_ HH J< Jiz` =ux o KH<_. =#= J~# k#
<H P", P" t= =~}OK~. P" XH <\ ~ `$ KO^#x
*#< è_. Hk ~AH iQ Q_"__. nxH H~}O JO^~
KiOK~ Hx XH x~xH ~H~. =Hb# =`kHi ''^=_ f~,
q_ J" K" ~#O^ ^=tH J<_. H JkH =
W=@O =# Jx HO^~<~. qs`"# =#H, s~H = = ^$+ O
=zO^x HO^~ _H~ "iOz< q< q#^x =i HO^~< ~. Hx x`
è #O_ q< ''H<h@ e OHqOzOk J<~. nx =#< W^~
~, \# Kx~x `~. Wk z J|Ô Jx J`x
HO^~ |uH L<~x JO@ q< Q_"_ J=\xH ''QH= H HO\<_H
H"Ò H~} J<_. J=h q< ~# Hq` <\ Ki`Q
~H<_. WO^ q^ J#"` _ J`#` H LO\~. =#O
K =Ok Kkq# Hx # ''Doth God exact day labor, light denied?
- I fondly ask - who best bear mild yoke, they serve him best - they
also serve who only stand and wait
''HO_ _< P WOw+ J< H O `# "|_# P~}h

JÒ J<_. `# Q_`#O =~"#<_. "i =# "
HH<<_. W_ `# ~Q K aOzOk Jx, =#`<
O^~x, Ò, hu, ^~O, ~`x KHO@<#x è_. nx=#
q< =z# iH` Òk. ''It is not so wretched to be blind, as
it is not to be capable of enduring blindness Jx +OQ K_. ~
105
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Qa@ ^~^
H" xO`$Ò =# [ " HQÒ^x PtOK_. Hx =s +

\ OK_. Ô HO> Ou =YO J<_. ~~+< `^x èOk.
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`Q^` qy~Ok. *= # JÔ Jx `~. =m ~[iH"
Qu Jx x~~OK~. P ~# #~îOK~. ~O_= K~# ~OQ
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Kk"~. g\H ^~OQ q< L<_. WOH q< K g^ P ^.
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K~. Hx q<# J~ K~. J^$+=` ÒKH<_. P#
H x\x aH Q `Q > ~. =~ O` * #O_ q_^ J_.
=~} tH qkOKH~< P# H f~^. XO@i`#O "kOk. Ku
h x îÔ P=OzOk. L# =Q~ g^ P^~_ rq<_.
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Kkq qxOK"~. JO^ U=#^ "Hg `b^. ^ J< "s
D H Kk" ûx =u~HOK~. Ò_H `bO_ "O K Hx H
J"~. J~^ = =K@Q =_ o KH<_. J`x
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^~ J< `~ =`" H` J= #u KOk. L<
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U_ = q< Ki``H ZH# ~@O ~OaOK_.
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Ò _=\H "# <@Q ~H<_. ^xH ''P_=< ~__ Jx
=O^ ~ \_. Hx Jk z=iH ''~_ Q èOk. H$`#
=k_. =`xH, `xH ^#`xK_. =#=Ò HO ~@" J`x
Ô. `# "# ''Assert Eternal providence - and justify the
ways of God to manQ è_. WO\ HH JO` JO` #^
106
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Qa@ ^~^
J#H<_. ''OH "~ =`" K ^KH# "# H_ OnQ K Q#

JxOz ^x< Z#H<_. =H $` + fik^_. J\H ^Q PH~}
x Jx|^ Hq`xH ^@ K_. J<H P^xH H= nx H O K^
Hx We\ =Ò ''Adam and Eve were not to be meant to be individuals but proto types of man and woman J<_. K
~~ P H"x ~_. HOKO <=kQ yOk, iK 1667 =kOK_.
XH J~^ # =`" aOK~. q< ~# ~O_ ## P `~` =~ =~
"_H<_. ''Stood almost single, phrasing odious truth - darkness
before and danger's voice behind. q< ''s P WOQO_ QOÔ
~_ Hx <~ J~Ok. JO^ H< =OH# xOkOK_. | `#
H "ix K J ~ LO_e. \< Q=~, lH ~ HO =`
^# QOÔ ~_. ~_* `~` <Q ~_* s Q<_ ~_.
D ~O_ q< JO`~ ^$+h, ^=_ xkx HeyOK~. =#H Ou
aOzOk. z` k U~_Ok. "^ *eH ^ . WO\ =`~ " # H~H=
K^. `# ZO~_s <~H=\xH |\H O"_. =Oz
Q Z^Qx qOK_. J~" P~= U@ 08111674 =Hq q<
=~}OK_. P` ~=` Ki~Ok. ''~_* ~#"_ ''~_* s
Q<# O^_.
O` Q Hq J~< P# ~#q Kk""~ ` ". Hq, ~[H "`,
QO_, H~` H~^_, ^Q K^= H~< JOîH *#O kOz#
iH =#g=i q<. Ow` ^#O\ =@` UH` ^# K
HqÒ ~_. ''Milton was infatigable worker for liberty carved
and erected milestones that still stand on the road to freedom. A
religious poet, he was also a builder. Choosing his phrases as they
were stones for a cathedral, he raised a great edifice, a monument
of words in marble. Z_O_ |~ q< zuOz# ''#~HO J^Ò J<_.
~=O\H H= q< OH "~ ZO` J<+OK~ Hx JO^x =`

"# ^~O K~. =~=~ ''q< W_ =# =^ LO> QO_#
J<_. *< H\ ''his style is uncongenial. his verse can not be
written but in an artful rather artists humor Jx y__. qHi<
107
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Qa@ ^~^
QO JO` q< =O`< #_zOk. ''Milton is the central problem

in any theory and poetic influence in English J<_ =Y q=~_
~|~ |". ''Milton is esteemed the parent and author of blank
verse among us. His verse might be synonymous for blank verse
poetry a new poetic terrain independent from both the drama and
the heroic couplet Jx |^ Hq` @O H\ ''Jx|^ Hq` ` JxOKH<_
*< q<.b
108
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Hq ''P~~ D* "< Jx fHiOK_. D HO< < H`
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J_Q \#_ QuOz# H= `# XH_Q LO_ '' U <QiH P<
H~<+< ~ JOH`qK_. H` `xH i =^` H\ OK_. Q_
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WO\ ~~H <@H Q HH J=`#H<_. g\ ~~H H\
xO_ _. u U_k XH H` <@Hx O^q^ ~_. WO^
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L<~. g\ q^ HH ^`# KH~`<x K_. P HxH
`y# Ja~K J#Q}OQ `èH [#OQ ~_. JO`~` "xH
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110
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=~=~, q# =`". qQ` "O` HH\ Hk kOz# "~.
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iQ =u~HOK~. HO^~ a+ JaQ " ~A= HH =k~.
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111
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P# ^q iQ~ ^g T_Q\~. __< ^+Oz >~` pe
KO__|_# ^" P# Hq J_.
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Zxq^K~. <@H ~ J#"^ K _| KH"x x~~OK_.
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J~Ok. P T J~_[< <@H wH ~_. J~" U WOw+ ~K~`
Kx Q Ò K_. `# H# J=Hx |`H@O ~OaOK_.
W ^ Q__. J#"^ K JK J=H<_. W=h K ~^Q
HHO |\} L<~. <O_ =O^ O_ PiOK_. J~" `q^ U@
z=i ~K# ''| U<O\ JO_ "_~< ~_. WO^ K~ H^#
P^xH WOw+ ~_. Kx=\xH =_ "~ HÒ q "~ `#
XH H` = ~#x è*_. J^ ''~ =. `# xK# W^~
~A =~#, P`| ^~} JO^ KOK_. q"^^ ~K~`Q<
Q~O__. "\lH J=\ P +< J~Ok. H$u QiOz ~_.
Hq`x #\ "~Q k^_ . =@ =O`*O` PH@H<_. HqÒ
lH# xO_. Hq`xH "QO, >qOQ WK_. ''He ought to be on
ourselves, but he will rarely be found in our hearts Jx `~
J~< ''With the element of magic, his is in its own characteristic
way, the shortest, the most pointed and perfectly finished kind of
poetry, if poetry can be attained without wonder. 12051700#
__< =~}OK_.
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112
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ik ~ QiO Ok# "i *< qO\ Z~ P ~K~, =~~\
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113
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= XH@= U@ P~QO ^|u#@O "Ô k. [~O =z s~x
=## W|Ok \Ok. ~O_ `~` `# K# H$` Q__,
Ò KO^_. = =_= U@< 16061680# Kx_. K
J<QiH + HqÒ ~_. ''~" @ k H~ Hq` J~= =`
JOHiOzO^. ''U >~ ZQ< =<HO_ Hq` J`x =## Pq+iOk.
''I would be a dog, a monkey or a bear or anything but that vain
animal - who is so proud of being rational Jx =x+Q @\xH W+O
^<_. ~K~ JOkQ "# =ke "_. J`# Kx~# `~`
Hq` JK~. ~O_#~ ` `~` 1926 =^} <KH<~.
*< "~ WOQO_ O\ K_. J"iH =^<~.
''love a woman! you are an ass - it is a most insipid passion
- to choose out for your happiness - the silliest part of God's
creation Jx `# J#"# <=~HO@ ^_` ^ K_. `_
"# " KOkOK_x JO^~ x~OK~. XH=@ KO> ''Rochester expressed himself in many and often opposed moods - sordid and witty indignant and indifferent, daring vulgar and always
himself. i@< PûH kH~`# ZkiOz xez# "^\ "_. P
`~xH =~î _. >i JQQq JxOK_. qHi< HO

J`x HqÒ K QO <~ J~Ok. P^ xH H= QOw< Z*O_
P^~ O. ~ H "\ie[O ^~OQ ''e|i x[O ~_x q=~<~.
=# =Ô K_ u~Q J $OQ~O =aK~O` J`xH ''Q<i
H ^x`< Kx_. PH~ +~ |i Ki =k K~. J`#
~# ''_` _ i#xU+< J< ''e|ix[O# `~` KiOK~. WO^
"h ''_Q < ÒQ< LO\~. J`x ''Ou =~, ''Zs
"Ki, ''\lH "Ki\, ''k [< JO_ _` J< <Q q=~ QO^
^^ J`x rq`Ki`. _ J~^ Hq` ~_x `~.
K~ ~A ~# ''We have pretty witty king - and whose
words no man relies on - he never said a foolish thing - and never
114
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did a wise one# Kkq ~A #=Hx ''That is right - my words are my

own but my actions are those of my ministers J<_@. J`x HqÒ
q*#O, =O ~O_ LO\~. =~~`< Z=Q ~_. <@H ~OQO

"A Z=. JO`HO> JO^ #\OK #\=}O> =s#. ''H_O P~
kH<< P _Ki <@HO Q ~ OkOk. `Q@Q qye# ''_O
<@Hx Jq` 45,600 O_ =K@. ~, `_H ~# L`~
~ Q, K èH =K#O` JO^s PHiOK~.
PHO ZO^~ #@ ~K~ P^~O. = *#< ''Worthless and dissolute rake J<_. PO_ =~ =Ò ''The only man
in England that had the true vein of satire Jx y__. ">~ ''=~ H, =~O L<~ Jx "K_.
*e\ ~K~ Hq` #\ # =*x HOu` "i` LO\h J<_.
Q` `# Ki` s[< =#=`xH =u~HOQ L# ~K~ >~#
O^~K_. W ^+} +} u~~ ~~ JO^H<_ ~K~.b
115
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XH ~x, HqÒ ~O_ ~x è*~. =Q_Q ~O^<~,
Hx qOz ~Ok.
All women together, ought to let flowers fall upon the grave
of Aphra Behn... for it was she who earned them the right to speak
their minds... Behn proved that money could be made by writing
at the sacrifice, perhaps, of certain agreeable qualities and so by
degrees writing became not merely a sign of folly and a distracted
mind but was of practical importance.
J< O K
1661 J< HOQ q J< OK
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`# JqÒQ qOz W+_# K> J~" Kx~Ok. P"# =~=~ ''U
<K~ ~"s Jx HiOK_. JO^ `* Qg} W"[s LO@Ok. ''If for
a woman I would die, ''The Ateist and the acorn Hq` Q
=<~OQ LO\~. '' If they re denied, I on myself can live - and
slight those aids unequal chance can give - when in the sun my
wings can be displayed - and in retirement I can bless the shade
J<k P" Hq` XH\ . HOQ qeO q^` HO\OK =}O K\xH
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^_. ''[~ JO_ ~ =Oz~. WO^ PHO<\ x`
rq`x _s Q ~_. JO\l ` JO^~ a<# =i~.
J`x ZQO QiO OkOk. ''God bless the king - I mean the faith's
defender - god bless - no harm in blessing - our pretender - but
who pretender or who is king? - god bless us all, that is quite a
different thing =K XH\ .
*< Q
1685 \ 1732 Kx~# *< Q q\ L#
Hq <@H, X~ e|~, hu H^, *#^,
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xe< X~ J=H`=H ZO_Q\_. nxH H ~e =zOk. ''b
~_. ~[H H~}` < K~. J`x J^$+O _<=#O J~Ok.
| Hq` =z# _| JO` J~~Ok. ` O_ J< PiH
^+O K~ [iyOk. HkH" rqOz< Y__. # U_ Kx_.
P~" O_ x= ^<x Kx@\H OkOK_. J`x "xH "
qx~ P Y##O K Q~qOK~.
''Life is a jest and all things show it - I thought so once and
now I know it. =Oz Hq`. __<, O` ~OQ ~^. ''a satire
without spiteQ ~@O W`x ` H`. J`# ~# HqÒ JO` x~H}

Hq`" J<~. "_< @O QiO O^_.
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P" è =~. D P# J# H~ +H~ K~. D J=~H
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D~ =~}OK~. Qe=~ \"# = U@ ~_. J~" `# `#O
KO^`#@ QOK_. K=_ Q =z kOzOk. WOH ^ |uH_
Hx Qi# J=~"<~. ~e` @ J [| =zOk. _
Zxq^ U@ Kx_. `# =k ''Here lies Jonathan Swift - where
savage indignation can no longer tear his heart Jx ~~OK_. `#
Px |k =O^ zH` K @ ~_.
''~\ U ~_ P# S~x JO` QOK_. n< Z_
JO^~ Lî~. ''So naturalists observe a flea - has smaller
fleas that on him prey - and hese have smaller still to bite them and so proceed ad infinitum. P# HqÒ x~ LO_^. ''Little
health he had - to build a house for fools and mad - and showed by
one satiric touch - no nation wanted so much - that kingdom he
120
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hath left his debtor - I wish it soon may have a better J# Hq` K
Ô.
=^ ~
=^ ~ ^Q ~#"_ H^.
1664 \ 1721 Kx_. __< J#~.
=Hb# i` =OQ`HOQ K} ~_.
Ò_ ~# `~` ~ _~\ HO O^_.
J`< " qx~ KiOz KkqOK_. HOa_ ~O\ *< Hl
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=z J_. O_ ~iH H@i ^ =zOk. i H\
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x~Oz ''\\ P J`K Ou XOÔ kOK_. nxH J`x ~ ''=\
Jx eK~.
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qQ * \~. ~O_ `~` q_^_. HOK Q K@O, O^
=$k K@O H$`H$`_<_. <Q J`x "^\ Hq` O\
''" "=_Ok. ~K# \ Jx QOK_. J=H K <Q
" yx aOK~. Wn ~ s Wz# <Q " # He ZH
_< H<_. JO^Q_ HH~< =Oz`#O` è O^_.
^~= ~ `_<_. XHi P# ~A "~ Q z~~}q
U"< U~~K_ Jx J_y` ''Monuments of my master's actions are to
be seen every where except in his own house Jx ~iQ L<
K=ìOK_.
^^ Jx H# ~ ~K# K_. OQ eH H\,
>~, ", _# ~_. ^ Hq` K_ ''Be to her virtues
very kind - be to her faults a little blind J# Hq` eOk. Q~O_
HqÒ ~_. `## QiOz ''nobles and heralds by tour leave - here
lies what once was Mathew prior - the son of Adam and Eve - can
Bourbon or Nassau claim higher?.b
121
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J#kH~ P# Hq JHO_~
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=H` L<, D<_ JHO_~ Hq P~kO|_`< L<_. ''H |__
>H+< Jx ~. èqQ "H~, `= ~"` Hq`x O_Oz#"_.
Hf` Hq`x $+OK_x W~== à q=~ JaO. '' One of
the greatest poets of our poets who is in his two finest poems
perhaps the most flawless artist of our race has produced Jx Z_`
> K` O O|__ . P# ~K# J<H PK# ^ HO. +H ~

`~` `~KQ LîO|_ Hq. "To err is human to forgive is divine", "A little learning is a dangerous thing", "fools rush where
angels fear to tread", "men must walk before they dance" "^#q
JO^~ `~KQ LîOK".

JHO_~ O_< 22051688# [xOK_. =e
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J`x = O_Ò, Hq` u L<x QOK_. "\ =^}`
Q Hq J~_ W~"H. WO^ Q~ H~ O_< " =\_
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J`<H =@ $+H~ J_. W~" ~O_ U@ ''Z P< H\ [O ~_.
WO^ +, =O, | ~, , P# H_ J#OÒ.
Wk ''O P k i_Q QiO OkOk. i J~# q^ <~x
KiOK_. H`^#O HO _=^<_. H`H qO`, `H ~` J<
=O =k=<_. ''Fear not the anger of the wise to raise those
best can bear reproof who merit praise Jx kOK_.
''His life is had been no longer than one of his poems - the
life of half a day Jx HO^~ T_O K~. J`x s~H J=H}
x J=#
K@O` P W~" =_ =_ =#HOQ Oy_. Hx ZH_
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J#=< `= W=@O H}O _. _ =O>Q` `Q^ __.
P" K# J==<x =iH_. XH^x "O@ XH\ Hq`
yeH~_. P"# =~== [|# JOîH JO\OzOk Jx _. ''k
~ P k H J<H JO^~<~. ''k Z @ _H~ P~` <\#
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=k~. =#= H$ux =Ozh, huh QiOz WH#OK< ~~ Jx
WK_. Jk `# =OzH"#h K_. nx` H `~KH<~. H`
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J#"Ô K# We_ K~}` PiHOQ OAH<_.
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O_ H#H WK_. P~Q~ JO\` P J#"^x P~ iK_.
J~^ " O_ ^<x KiOk Wk. nx q=~K~. Wk =~
~K# ^<~. W"g # PH~. P H ''` =~O__
J_. nx `~` ''\H< O =HO =~_. z# W, `@ U~@
KH<_. =z WH_ HO`HO L<_. # QiOz ''Pope has
the talent well to speak - but not to reach the ear his loudest voice
is low and weak - the Dean too deaf to hear Jx `# J#"x
QiOz ~_. X_H ~# =_ Q H J_ a+ J~.

<Q J~^ Q U_k `~` =K~. ''The story is Homer's but
the accent is Pope's J<~. W~" <Q Q J~^ ` qye#=h
\<\ K_. x*xH P# K#q <O_ =`". qye# "\H
~"H} K_.
# ''k _O_ J< ~K# ~OaOK_. WO^ Q,
^+O ~H+ LO\~. XH\ ^=O =#=_ J< q+ g^
124
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`~` J~^ >~ =Q~ ~_. ''_ =~ P JHO_~ ==
U@< =kOK~. ~O_ QO # U_ nx`@ L`~ ``~
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< `~` 30051744 ''=~QA =Hq =~}OK_. _H~# `#
P~QO Z LOk? Jx J_Q_ Kx =O^. QO^x " JO> ''Here
I am dying hundred good symptoms Jx `# K= ^Q~ _O^x K_.
~=< HêH Ki q^#O JO`H K~. K~ P WOQO_, K~ P
~O\ "s k qi< P \OH O =k K~.
''Pope was an accurate recorder of a society that flourished
on cliques and intrigues and countless subterfuges to this society
Pope was a victim and mocking contributor. He was also un acknowledged laureate. It is a poetry that speaking almost entirely
to the disillusioned intelligence, springs from the dischanted mind
- a saddened but a cynical mind, aware that while men's
machanations may make for ignoble living, they also make entertaining and sometimes enduring literature Jx # J`x Hq`x
JOK< "~.
~~H H\ ^_. PH~ WOQ+ _H#s # J<H
=~ +H~, >x< `~` LîOK~. a O $uH uaO|OQ
L<_. ==u~H Jx "^ ~K~` qOK~. b
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"## Hq`xH JO\OK~. ~|~ |~ @ qeO H , q[< =iHO`
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`~ Hq`< J#iOK~. ~~H H\ ~~. "# =$k K
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+~|. u `H~_ g^ *#< UO K_ Jx JO^~ Z^~ K"~.
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WK_. JO^ xK ", K, Hq`, ~" O@s K~ i~
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QiH J< t+_ îOK_. nxH ~O_ =O^ O_ =`" =K~.
127
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\*_ \*_< qyeOk. ''~ < P Jax #= ~_. nx

F~ ~# ''HO__ ` ~. =_= *i JkH~OH =z# `~` *#<
U_kH =_O^ #< U~@ K_. PiH u Q_Ok. +H~
<@H# Zxqk H Q ~"i H"O@s##iOz `K_. JO^
*#< =~O `"#<~. z=i ~K#Q ''" P k \# _= U@
~@O ~OaOK_. J^ "HOQ rqOK_. ~O_ =O^ yhK~.
J`x *HH "^ ~ Jx`~ ^=xOK~. ~O_ =O^ U@ J^
H= rq` H~nHQ xezOk. H= rqÒ HqÒ JO^x O
WO q=~<`HOQ ~_. `<+} Z=ih =^^. ''Undisputed leader of thought for a century - a writer whose prodigious
reputation surpassed his output _ J~^ = 13121784#
*#< =~}OK_. " qx~ P =k K~.

*#< ~# z# Hq` "~ = Q~O_g H=.
''~ *#< ''The business of a poet examine not the individual but the species - to remark general properties and large
appearences. He does not number the streaks of the tulip or describe the different shades of verdure of the forest Jx +O K_.
Ò rq`Ki` `~n# "_ *#<. ~ `"< " Z=

J<@ HqÒ ~_x HOî JaO. ''H\ H\ H J<~.
=OQ Hq K~ Ki
Ki ''HqÒ U=yO J<_ = *#<.
Ki HqÒ `èH#O^xO^x t+_ JO\_.
=Hb## P~KHè K_ Ki. XH Hi=<
1732 \# Ki " qx~ Kkq HOa_
~O\ *< Hl Kk"_ Hx "\H _ H^.
H L# _| HqÒ ~ f~#<_. ''Jr ~ "~ # PiOK_.
~<k H#_# JOî` eH_. XH "i ìH < " HO
~\_. =`H HqÒ yeH_. ''k P q< ~ HOKO
Hk_ [<x. [#O =i~# H= Ki XH__. = ~O_
128
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w<, _~, ^=
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\ 1737 Kx_. O_< \ J^ O KOQ |uH_. =~^ ~H
Hq`_. HH~ HO ''k H~, ''Jr ~ HH~ ~_. XH~HOQ
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Lx Hq *< _~ "
1699 1744"_. W@b ~O\OQ
H~ Kk"_. H$u ^$# z`H~_ ^$+`
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u <= "KHxH q+}O LO@Ok. Hi=< J~#
_~ ij## hu ^<x Ki =x+HO ~_. q+x "= ^$+`
K HqÒ ~_. U_ =O^ < '' ~_. Wk =i ~# lPiH
LO@Ok. Lx <` q+" Z=. =Q ^#e H\ HqÒ K@
HeOK_. =OK~, K =$uH fHeq. ''The cries of sorrow
sadden all the streets - and the disease of intemperature wealth
J# Lx =$u "i H+Mh H H\ OK_. ''Lx Hq Jx_.
''Q<~ J< ^ Hq` @" HqÒx _`<x K_. H
=H=o O\ Hq`x ~_.
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Hl P WO_<, ''P_ _ ~ "OK_. P_ a@<
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"~#yOK_. H` i^# HqÒ ~ JO` =O^=~ Kx
O K_. ~^$`= *ae J`xH ''Week and blunt is wide refracted rays HxOzOk. ''k [< ^Q OK<`H"# q+
=. Hx P O Ow`= =# ~xOk. P `~O H= Z=iH
J|x D Ow` Q}O ^=< HqÒ Ki |OQ~xH `q Ja#@~Ok.
nxH *~h J#"Ô OK ^"Ok. Ô< =~}O *#< Ok
''By taking cold on the waters between London and Kew, he caught
a disorder which careless exasperation ended in a fever that put
end to his life J<_.b
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to fortune and to fame unknown Jx J`x `_ qOK_. ''The
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poet naturalist and historian who left scarcely any style of writing
untouched and touched nothing that he did not adorn of all the
passions whether smiles, were sublime. In style clear elevated
elegant Jx ~# Hx =k J=~~.
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qOK_. Images in a Song to David are related also to depictions of the Temple in Issac Newton's Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728), the John Bunyan's Solomon's Temple
Spiritualiz'd (1688), and to the Geneva Bible, these works were
relied on by the Freemasons.
Based on this theory, the first pillar, the Greek alpha, represents the mason's compass and "God as the Architect of the
Universe. The second, the Greek gamma, represents the mason's
square. In addition, the square represents" the vault of heaven.
The third, the Greek eta, represents Jacob's ladder itself and is
connected to the complete idea of seven pillars. The fourth, the
Greek thete, is either the all-seeing eye or the point within a circle.
The fifth letter, the Greek iota, represents a pillar and the temple.
The sixth letter, the Greek sigma, is an incomplete hexagram, otherwise known as "The blazing star or hexalpha" to the Freemasons. The last, the Greek omega, represents a lyre and David as a
poet.
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one of the Greek artists who built the cathedrels in what we call
the Dark ages wandering about in sheepskins and goat skins, of
whom the world was nit worthy. Such were the Christians in all
ages.
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=^#OÔQ LO_q. H Hq` H}x "< q< ''A return from the
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with challenging vehemence, the marriage of heaven and hell.
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face? - why was I not orn like the rest of my race? - when I look,
each one starts! when I speak, I offend - when I am silent and
passive, I lose every friend Jx ~H<_. `= ^_x <OQ
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P~H~" # ^. nx H ''Sublime allegory for future generations similar
to Homer's Illiad and Milton's paradise lost. g\x JO`~` ÔQ
~#x K_. nx ''Grandest poem that this world contains Jx H
KHO> ''The most confusing of his long parables an unsuccessful
melding J<~ q=~.
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''To see a world in a grain of sand - and a heaven in wild
flower - hold infinity in the palm of your hand - and Etenity in an
hour J# Hq` ^^ | K~"Ok. H# K_ J<~
=Hb. Hx ''Blake was like the figures he loved to draw bound
to no law of nature moving gravely to his goal, employing the
emanations of earth, air, fire and water at home among the elements. this outward creation was a transparent shall though which
Blake beheld the fiery secret, the burning core of ecstacy.
~Ô J~#_ P# K@ Q yx O\ =O HxOk

J#@O "=O H^ < =Ò ''An innumerable company of heavenly host crying Holy Holy Holy is the Lord God Almighty
HxOK@O ^~O Jx `^Ò` J# k= qu Ok# H$u P~^_.
z` t Hq qeO H =_. " \ H c[O "Ok H JO\~.
q" |OÔ q+O Hx\H =u~HOQ LO_"_. J`xk ''Enlightened philosophy.b
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love and truth - that can with studied, sly, ensnaring art - beasty
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stuff of life Jx `~. ''A conciliation of the regional and the
universal was finally accomplished. The overwhelming conflicts
may have resulted in the death of the peasant, but they brought
everlasting life to the poet.
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g~Oî `~< =H fHx ''Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive but to be young was very heaven Jx K_.
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passions of the heart JOH`"# Hq JO\~.
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qx ''_ ~=x ÒK_.
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''France standing at the top of golden hours - and human nature
seeming born again Jx HqfHiOK_. x~O`x D_OK_. [
`= q+`# fi k^H"x K_. W^H ''\. nx Ô
Kx PzOK_. XH~HOQ #~# O^_. Pi< XH _
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*" ~ J< \K~ =Ò W`x î \ =~_. ''Boy! the school
is your father. The school is your mother - the school is your
sister, your brother all the rest of your relations Jx kOK_.
c[# qOK=x kOK_. JO` Hi_ rqÒ H~~ uiyOk.

J`x K =~ =zOk Hx H=oH XH^xHH\ O`# O_
L<~. H HOu @OQ QKiOk. JOî H@=z#@ `HOQ
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~Hx, K@ \Hx uiQ_. P" Hq` =~O iOK_. H
^~_ H _H~ J_. =#"_H ~< J"< Ja+ HeyOk.
`Q "_H H, =y JO^@ L<~. ~Q, =O^ QiOz
=Q *#O kOK_. WÔ` XH Ou K# x. H"Ò u~Q\ Ok.
k_ #O_ O^q^ =~ =OKO g^ LO__.
r H* H Oa_ #Oz i O^_. =OKxH iq`" _
152
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[|`. OK i=+< K iaH<Q =i Q =H J_. J

Z=~. ÒKH=\xH O_< i_. nx< J`x + '' I
field to London to debauchery J<_. O^# ^. L#^x`
QOaOQ P__. P`` Ò K_. W~" XH\ ~ =~H<_.
Ps K~_. <Q < `~` ^~_ *i K=` |@__. Jh
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yOK_. J^Ò Q J<H J#"^ K_. "^\ ~K# ''" \ "^\ _ .
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JO^ Ki# Hk~AH a@<, < Ô "Ôk. K^= =k iaH<
J_. JH_ Ô HO =#QÒ>, ÒÒ HO ~ QÒ>
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153
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JO^~ =#OQ J#qOKe. XH #=< ~[# Kx P^~O.
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Jx ~ \_. Wk JiHH =u~HO. O x~ Ò U~_e.
Hk=Okx Z#Hx "i ^~ # yOKe. WO^ u XHiH =#
, ^` LO\~. W^H OH O. gi =#, Ja
JO` Hq``HOQ PH~}OQ L<~. HO`HO D ''H q~O
Q< #_zOk. Hx Hi_ W"<# =iH`<_. ~ H~ <
"<_H_. WOQO_ =ke THO qiOK=^x "s W"< K|`<
LOk. P" W`x ^~_Q q<#x ~Ok. H J~ J"H_.
W~" =_ = Hi_ ~# o KH<_. O` H_OnQ <
K< ''O\H W|O^ ~Ok. WOQO_ J"iH =^ H` XOÔ
kiOk. D |$OÔ " XH ^x Z#Hx JH_H Ki ~K# K,
==O K _| OkOK#H<~. WO^ W^~ J =xy
L<~. |$OÔ pe ^ KiOk. ''The fraternal group ceased to
fraternize J~~Ok. XHi<H~ u@H<~. f ~OQ Z_`#
__. P" K^= \xH x~~ OKHOk. Hi_ D =~# =k H " _ <
Ki HqÒ __.b
154
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"_`# #=O^ _ Q OK_. J~< `Q^. 1797 ~_<
L# =~ =~# HH<_. J#OQ q` L<~. f q+ O KiOK~.
^~}OQ fH=@" ` W=@O èx =~=~ W_ PuÔ Pi
`~_. PH< =i# P# ^^ ~E K"_. 1798 D H=e^~
He ''eiH _# ~=O\H û ~x x~OK~. ~# ^xH
H`^#O, PH~} `K_ Hi_. Jk 1800 q_Ôk. =~ ~O_ `~`
=~ K =m KiOK~. =~=~ =O^=@ ~_. ''Wonder and
beauty could be achieved by the mere mention of words like wondrous beautiful and that the cliches and circumlocuations of the
established poetic diction were in themselves poetry J< Jax
=u~HOK_. ''Poetry not only could but should be written in the
language really used by men Jx K_. eiH _ O^# ^Q
~^. x~`_i^~. Hx `~# qÒ K# D Hq` J_

=Ò P^~} <KH^. Hi_ ~# ''k ~O P k U<O\ =i#~
WOw+ `xH =< `zOk. JQ =~=~ ~# e H ''Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey Q "x HeyOz<
^x ^$+_^. JO^~ Z=Q LîOK =~=~ x~K#O ''Poetry is
the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling - takes its origin
155
~OQ H= =K@
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from emotion recollected in tranquility =Oz L^~}.
nx `~` Hi_ H, ^ __. ~OaOz# '' M<

i H^ . Jk ^ #+O J<_. M< =O`<x, #~=$`" #
uK\ J^` H QKiO^x, Jk QkH #=HxH q[=x ~` $+
~K# Jx qOK_.
f WOQO_ uiy =K_. ~Q P~ <O_# "x
=~H<_. f =~=~# Hi_x =s x`@ K_. D W^~
He [~x "~. [~x `x J=_#O K P x }OQ J=Q#
KH<_ Hi_. =~ =Ò JO` LÒ KO_ Q~ "_.
JH_ '' " ~@O ~OaOK_. nxH _~u Hx "~=~< J*`
=HHx ~} J~ LO_e. WO^ `# *H# O^~K_. [~<
+ <~ H _. [~## qOK H _ _. =# N<^ _ ~=
ê K@=Q K#@ [~x J#"e HqfHiOK_.
''I travelled among unknown men in lands beyond the sea nor England, did I know till then - what love I bore to thee - it is
past melancholy dream - nor will I quit the shore - a second time,
for still I seem - it love thee more and more JO@ =`$Ô WOQO_
^~"#O^ ^__.
1799 _O|~ _~u` qO_~ q~ ^Q~ _" H>l H~O
\_. OÒ. JO^"# HO_, PH~} H$u JO^ =##
~=tO*~. `# _"H\Q L<#x JH_ qOu O^`#x K_.
_~u _ `# ''_iOQ |^~ q"^ *eH O_ OÒQ WH_ LO_@O
W+O . P" Hi_ JO> <+ < U~_Ok. J`# ~ WOH q_e=^ .
P" "O@Q ^|u#k. P"# z# KH"e =zOk.
qeO` ~ "oOk. J`# ~ J<>#, ì K_.
o OQu `^. ~Q P"# O`$ ~K^. < XH < LO_
`~ H~e<` +H~ K Q__. WOQO_ uiy =z "s z#<#
o KH<_. P" Hq` zeH_. ''She was a phantom of delight
- when first she gleamed upon my sight - a perfect woman nobly
planned - to warm, to comfort and command Jx y__. "s,
156
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_~u J<#OQ L<~. h=< D" _ "oOk. "s #Q~

e HO> W^~ =O^ ~. ~ z#< _ gi` He~Ok.
Hi_ iu ''<<\H f H@ <QO @Q `~Ok. `# Hq
Kz_x K_. P~QO HO = "_. =~=~` He x
K ##Hx ^xx ''The lachet of whose shoes I am unworthy to
unloose Jx Hq`~OQ KH<_. P^~O O_ LO_H`<_.
W|O^ _`<_. _`<_. Hq` H =O^yOzOk P~QO` @.
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+H~ L<eK_. [#O "K~. ''k O_ JO_ _e<
P^~} =zOk. ~, O\ Hi_` ="" K~ [i P#
q"# J#"# `H<"~. ''Reason is much nearer to sense
than to understanding - for reason is direct aspect of truth an inward beholding Jx Ja__. P P`H`< z=i ~A Q_
25071834# Hi_ =HO He_.

Kx =O^ fx =z LO_=<_. Hx J`# XH P^~O
L<_. ''All man needed to be successful was a comfortable religion and simply of common sense Jx ~ ~^. J`x ''*< P
P~ Q ~ OkOk. J`x L`~ Q Mu `KH<~. z#
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''=~# =`" qye LOK, H K~_. P# =k ''Two voices
are there - one is of the sea - one of the mountains - each a mighty
voice Jx P< ~H# H\# ~# tHx LOK~.
WOQO_ Q H= XH_. Q ~. JO^~ LîOK

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158
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=e`#O *# O^#` ~# P^~ HqÒ. WO^ u=@ ~H`
LOk. `# Hq`x `< Z"\ K ''To console the afflicted, to add
sunshine to daylight by making the happy happier. But a poem is
not primarily a therapy its purpose is not to instruct, although it
may do so, but to delight Jx K_. P` ij# L#"_. XH
@@~ Q K|`_. JO^Hx P# HqÒ ~OQ HO_ ''i~

H~Q LO@O^x HOî JaO. LÔ W=\xH ^#O WK_.
Wk J|~Q Jx O k. =#+ ^~ +<g P# L yOKH _.
Qg} [ QiOz ~<, "i P^~} O^^. `# `# ` Z=~
è^<_.
''The giant Words Worth - god love him Jx Hi_ "K_.
q< `~` WO` Q Hq WOQO_ @^<~. H$u `# P~^#
OkOzOk JO\_#. H$ ux K =i " _ HO> P~kOK =~_
Hx_. P# QiOz Z=~x K<, J< P# =Ò ''Mover and
shakerQ LO__. ''He altered the course of English literature
by the very contradictions of his theory and practice. He made us
revise our concept of the poetic idiom and in his revitalization of
the language, changed the tone as well as the direction of modern
poetry.b
159
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#u K_. <e<# =u~HOK_. Q~= H ^q O^_.
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OQu =i< J#H<_@ O. # =K#O ~ ''W"[s
H#~+< ~ K iOK_. iH _ Q# ~ O_ QQ `K_. J~"
~+_xOKH<_. H~\ ''A tall broad, burly man with gray hair
and large fiefce - rolling eyes of the most restless, impetuous vivacity, not to be held in by the most perfect breeding, expressing
itself in high colored superlatives, indeed in reckless exaggeration, now and then in a dry, sharp laugh, not of sport but of mockery
Jx O_~ ~x H H\ #@ =iOK_. W^ ~x K~ _H< `# ''cH

#= '' ~<Q zuOK_.
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O_ #+ i~x KeOKe =zOk. xOQ Z=~<` iKO HeyOk.
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LO@Ok. J`x zHx O* PH~}OQ LO\~. J`x Q HqÒ
WiHOK_. ''I strove with none was worth my strife - nature I loved
and next to nature art - I warned my hands before the fire of life it sinks and I am ready to depart Q~O, JO|^ rqÒ` Q__.
''rq`=< Jy` Kè "K KH<_. ~< +b =^ "~kQ L#

Hq. ZQ"# H_OnQ ~_. Zer# J~OQ $+OK_. ''He
was a classic no formalist JxOK_. ''So royally serene in its
commanding power upon tragic main springs of terror and of pity
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@ Z@i\ "^# Q Hq` ~_. XO@i rqÒ kOzOk. ~,
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HO> K =O^ ^Hx ~# Hq <~ J"iH *<H~. \ x
U~~z iOz, = K<~. ''Clare was the most influential poet
aside from Words Worth to practice it in an older style.
^= " _
a ^Q~ H`# E< =# 1830 _ \_. "i
Z_=~ î, J< Z_[~ W`x è. Ò_ Q "^_. HO`=~ "`
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=_. }O ` < q+O `y 26011849# Kx_ D H}
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''Is that the wind dying? o not - it is only two devils that
blow through a murderers bones, to and fro - in the ghosts moon
shineZ XH L^~} Hq` =`". _=\ J~< =HÒ L# `#
$+OKH_. J`x HqÒ =Ò '' Full of thoughts and richness
of diction Jx sA "~.b
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166
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famous Jx ~H<_. WO^ q+O ~<^. ~=O\H @K WK_
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"s H~e< O XH~. P" ~ H ^x, =<^HO L# P"#
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P OxH Z~ J~~Ok. ''That beautiful face is my fate - mad,
bad, dangerous to know Jx _s ~HOk. P_" $OQ~ =\
J_. " ~H} U_Q_ `< JxOK_. ~ M O^_, OkOK_.
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power upon me which with holds - and makes it my fatality to live
169
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for I have ceased - to justify my deeds unto myself - the last infirmity of evil
JQ `# QO_ ^ JO` L`~ q=i< _. W@bH Ki =_<

# =keOKH<_. q< ~Q L<_. P_ \H K~_. E\ \
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LO^xOzOk. =#H O`` JH_ ^~H^#H<_. WH_ Q~
Ok# eiH ~_. JO^ '' " Q < "~ U~qOQ Hq` LOk. ''For
the sword outwears its sheath - and the soul wears out the breast and the heart must pause to breathe - and love itself have rest. H~
#Oz LÒ` L`~< L<~. +b` L# P" ` o KHOk.

`~ JbQ \O^x è ~< O`+OK_. "x ^Q~ O` XH
Hr J^ fHx L<_. =~i\ Hy J< =iH"_ ` xÒQ
"eQ_. P" x O\ . WO\x ki# "i<` `Q^_ A@
A@ @H<i^~. _|# ~ H#H ~~. ~< Uk ~<
=O^ _| KeOK a+~ îH_. 1818 ''_< A"< #= ~OaOK_.
Jg =. ~Q L<_. #_ P H O_ J"_. W\e<
H~O ''\ H\, JiH\ J_. QO_ H < X_# * "xQ
Hx ~__. =On =~O` H, #H, <=e, HOQ, Hu` JH_ u+
"_.
J^g Y~" WO` O^ L< WOH YO ^# HO@<_. WOQO_
"~ zHOQ = JH_H "o# `~` =s ^~} "~ q<e =zOk.
JQ J# =z O K<~. JQ# ~HOK LÔ` J#
LO\Ok. ^~_ ~<` P" =~# AQ HeyO^x û =~H=x
HxeOQ WOk. JQ ~# =Y# ~< uiy WK_. ''x# #=
HOK~KH=^ Jx WK_ _. ''=#O =#= =Ò. =#O
He LO_x ^= x~O. =z WH_ LO_ Jx ~_. P" u~iOzOk.
L`~ ~@O `yOzOk. ''q_=@O `#O H_^x ~< x~~OK_.
''All suffering doth destroy, or is destroyed - even by the sufferer
and in each event ends Jx Hq` K_.
|~ Q< L< s~O ^| uO\Ok. =_. =O^Q< A@
170
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Qa@ ^~^
`|_Ok. _< A"<# ~Q ~< L<_. =K#O J#HO> Hq`

^~} QÒk. WO^ H$`, >~, `}H~O Jh L<~.
''Don Juan is one of the most personal aswell as one of the most
enlivening long poems ever written JxOKHOk. ''@~ H\ H
" JxOKH# =~=~ f Z^~_ ~# HqÒ Wk. "x
J=# K ~# O< L<~. nxx ''Masterly virtuous
performance J<~. nx ~< `# Uq\, `# "q\ x~K#O
K_. *H#, J#"# ~x OHeOK_. nx ~` ux =~
J< a+~ W =m WOHH O_ W~`_"#x `Q>_.
~ < H ~O= ~. <~ J~_. H` KO^`<_.
^~ |On `yOKH<_. ì Qe` iKO J~Ok. =#"_H
= XH\ P" O^qk. P" J\H o J~Ok. ~<` K#=Q
LO\Ok. s "O@ uHO@#k. Jk W@b O^"#@. ~< XH
''=~ ~O\. P" ~ WÔ` `. Hx Ug Kx u. ~ ~
ZH_H "o< HQ "O@ "e =Kk. P" |=OÒ g^ J~+OQ<
""_. ''The die is cast - and I must but bitterly pass the rubicon.
Every thing is to be risked for a woman one likes Jx `H_OKHO@
""_ ~ ~<. P" Q~O qz#"#_ =#"_x xH LOK~.
#O J~# `~` `~` He Q~ i K_. =O^ Q P"
=Y yeH_. < "~ Ô`. ~< "O@ "_. JH_ YO
^~H^. ''K Y"Hx s~H YO O^H kQ. `## `#
''K=\ "i "^" J~`<<"#x PO^#. `~ `## "O
KO^x kQ. W=h JQ ~<_. P" F^~< LOk. ì
^~O K XH "\ WO\ LOk. HO\ Qe uiy =K_. ~g<
~# f=\xH x~OK_. ~ < # WH `=` ~=^x K_. `_
\xH = =i< L<_. Hx P" [~O =z ~< `# =^ LO_x
H~H#k. ÒkH^ q#H~ q~@O, ''_# H QiO Ok#
q_Q LO_@O K<_. `# # n# ux ''I have been more
ravished myself than anybody since Trojan war Jx ~H<_.
`~ P~QO ^@|_ a\+ _= \H H~ ~ < = J=~= x
171
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
K `=` ~=<_. D H"_ W Q`< LOk. JO^H ''Byron was

more captured than captivated J<~ . z=iH P" ~ #Oz
q_"#HOk. q_ JÔ. èÔ_ P"< =iOz H~ "o
~ P"# ~OQ O<_<~. P" QezOk. Hx ~< D q[O
Jz~^. "o`<#x K` U_Ok. "o# `~` \O\H KiOk.
~< `# HqÒ ~< L<_. LÒ, ~} H"e =<~.
_< A"< S^ JÔ "^\_. "s< bi, ~<, k
ì J< =_ \*_ ~_. J`x ''q[< P [_"O\ ~ Q
=zOk. J`x ~[H ^~} W|Ok Hey<~. x LOK~. `~
JbQ U"O ^#< PO^# Z"O k. Q KeQ LO_ H<O\ LOK~# .
J~^ [| K Kz~O^x èOk. e|~ iu ^~}O. Q=#
Ô =ke =< Xu_ Z"Ok. PO K z=iH Ki +b#
He_. "_=\H O* J^ÒQ ~<_. +b |$OÔ `<H
''Q_Q L<##H<_. ~< LO@# WO\ #Oz bO\ |\H
<> PHqOK_. ~<# << ^~+_ J==xOK_.
`~ L`~ ~ _< A"<# P@O Hx ^ WOH $OQ~x
~OQiOz, Jqhux `yOz ~=x HiOk. x[OQ P" Ju Qi+. 1822
~< K= ^Q~_. +b PHH K= ^_ JO` QHq ~~`_
Z=~ ~x "K_. w Ò` Ô K<~. JH_H "o w Hq\
__. *<" "#HO> `~ `# =#O> =^x "o_.
w K~_ Hx K#g HxOK^. w JO`~Ô f=OQ LOk.
"`=~}= Q ^. J#HO_ [| __. `# K= _=\HQ =O
J"x J#H<_. XH w ~_` " H x Z< UQ
=# L# H~# f~H<_. "_HO XH Hq` _ ~_. ''If
Greece should fall, I will bury myself in its ruins. If she should
establish her independence I will take up residence in some part
or other perhaps Attica Jx w ÒÒ HO HH<_. w Ki,
`# L^=O <#H<_ Hx J=HO W=^. Ô K g~

=~}O O^#H#"_ =OKOg^ [|_ Kx"e =zOk. =i
HOk _H~ g^ ~< Qi^. 19041824# ''< `~ < K Jx
172
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Qa@ ^~^
H=i ~ ~< Hq Kx_.

~< Hq HqÒ J`x rq` q^#". Jk HkeOK^ ~} HeOK^.
H\ Hq ''#` rq, ~< ''<+<` rqOK_. ~< >H J`x
"QO, èq, J*Q` K+ ^~}. JO` \ Hx \ Hx J=Òk.
J`x ` i*#O q@#" JxOk. ''Oh I might I kiss those
eyes of fire? J#Q <~ #"_. ~ <
$[#je =`" H^ O =H` O
L# #@_ _. <@H ~OQO Ja~ z J`x L# Hqx ^|fOk. ''H=
= J`xH L# =HO> hKO. Hq` ^$H^x J~O KHO_
~_. <+< =`" ~< Hq`x |uHOzOk. J`xx = Z#s
Ty#@ J`x Hq` O TQ`~. ~=O\H H =~ ~< ~#
''_< A"< Q L^~} =~ J#=K. ''QO ~ JO\~
~<#. ''An ardent lover, a ruthless libertine - is creator intended
him to be both a paragon and a paradox, an amoral with the truth
Jx Pq+iOK~ P# ~# A"< P^~OQ.
''K ~ e"* ~< kOz# =~ q[O. =<_ Hq`
L`x=@" HH Q Hq` Jx O k. ~ < rq`x iQ `H"O>
''HO Hq` K^"e. JO^ W@b q=O, J`x ` `~. nx H H=
~~ HqÒ J<~. ''=~=~ k ~r û J~`, ~<k u~Q@ Jx
Hi_ [_ K_. ~< XH `~x iQ qÒ K_. _q O\
"iH ~}Q xeK_. Q^ [~< ~=O\H =~î J_. K#
qOz# q_ ~<. =x+ q=# QiOK_. ZH_ ~OQ LO_H
W=_H OKiQ rqOK_. JO^H ~<# ''Exiled piligrim of eternity.
He had that within him which shall tire torture and time ~xH
~# $+OK_. J`x q^<x ''~ =x JO\~. J`x =O
YO_O`~OQ "OzOk. ~< \ U~_ ~H< <~~<~.
~=O\H L^=xH Q ~_ ~<.b
173
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L< $[<`H` q[$OaOzOk. qeO H = J~^ ''OQ P
ZHi< ~<_. |~ = =_ eiH` K~Q`<_.
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H Oa_ K~ Ò> ^x q^ U@ f, O k_. ~ < <Q |__ Q
L<~.
+b s O $u @ ^Q Ja~z L#"~ H^. ^~}
@Oc J~< JO`\ qiOK~. "i " J"iH# L<~. +b
=`= #~ q~ q^=~. uf +bx J< H`Q HhH Ki#
"~x _ a+x #~x #*s 1752 H#k. @O|O
WOQO_ KiOk. J_ a+ =_. OÒQ Z^Qx x~~OKH<_.
_| Q L# XH Hi=< ì` z~ o KHx, P" Kx <\H
O^`@ =Q~ Ò_ J_. ~O_ o KHx U_Qix H<_.
P" #Oz Q O^ HezOk. g ^~ u"fH HO\ =Oz
O|OÔ K o K_. gi U_Qi O`#O ^"_ ia +b.
04081792 O_< # " ^~O L# Hx +O
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+b Ò_ PK~# `.K Ò_ \OK_. H_HO> qs`"#
Q~O, Ja=#O. K J#g^ Jq` J#~Qx K~. D J#|O^
=^ ~Q O Q__. W\#Oz i` =i~. <
174
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<}"# =~#, `\ q^~ D~ HeyOK~. JO^ XH_ J`x Hl<
\O q_< _ L<_. J`< `~` +b rq`Ki` ~_. u~E
~_~[O K +bx \~. XH~HOQ ~OQ OOK~. HkHO
F~H<_. `~"` Z^~ uiQ_. JH_ kOK Ò, HO>
YQO, Hq, lH JO> W+__. Oî K` K@\ \ Oz H
Qi K"_. <O_ = < JO> g~ Ja=#"~_Ok. D@<
L# P~ `\"~ +b` KQ@O P_~. P O iOKH z"__.
Q ~# Zerx |\\ JyOK_. JH_ Q_# z=iHO XH ''T
OKx $+OKH<_. QkH ~K# ~O ZiQ_. Z< HH Kk"_.
H_ à=<xH Ò_ ZO` =i"_.
f, K@~< Ja=#< ~. O[q< OH< JO> Q~=O. 1810
Ò_ Kkq# PH~ x=i\ Hl K~_. "^\ ~A< ^= *~<
Q` iKO HeyOk. J`x` He XH H~`x J<<ki
"=iOK_. W^s |+iOK~. Ò_ Z^@ _\ xH OHzOK_. q+ O
è# Ò_ H_. ^x^ +b ~_H J~_. ''~=x |k=O`
`#O ~=}_ +OQ =i~Ok. Ò_ P W=\xH XH^. J~<
îH ~^. Hk\ ^#O =`" JyOz qyeOk JO^~ OK=x
u"fH K_. P" J"H J~Ok. J`x è eOz =Oz î
#_K@ K=x HiOk. U_kH ~O_ =O^ O_ WK U~@ KOk.
QkH Ò L# "A iyO^ Hx `Q^. XH "< =~O\
`~ i\ " |H# qOz P" WO\H "_` "~ ~# ''_H#s
H K^ =` HxOzOk. Ò_ ~H _x Q Oz P WO\ K~ q_ #<_.
=~ U_kH P"# Ò_ POH# u~iOK=<_. " O^"xH
^===<_. Wk P" JH W+O ^. P"# Z_< |~ fHx "o o
K H<_. WO\ #Oz Q O\"` , J=~` i=@O +b èx H=~\~.
WH Ò [=x ì` O =s kOz P Ug ^HO_ KOk.
" PK~} ÔH^x QOK_. Q g` LO@ iZ\# =Q
kOK Ò K<_. P" "O OKH#O^ H^ J`x *x
=u~HOK_. D i` i\ èHO> JkHOQ qOK Ze* =z
175
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Jx\x KH|izOk. H _H +b Ô`` @ P" _ QQ LOk.

1812 D ~H = ^ ÒKH=\xH _a< "_ ~ Ze*`. JH_
YOQ LO_\xH< K~xH "_. ''J_ @ Si+ ~ Ju `=
^~H K~O HO J=_. g^ z=~ x|_ ~~ "\x J=~.
WO\ h #Oz ~_g^ O@ q~~. ''_H~+< P ~\# _
WQ K~. `<^ ` K # @ JxOKk. =_ H~= O WkH^xOzOk.
qeO Q_< ~# ''e\H [# aQ qOK_. S~O_ K
L^=O |_^. x~` WOQO_ K~_. W~" U =KiH +b
J#=<^_ _. Si+ ~[H ==# ^| f\xH @ #`<_x
P~} =zOk. nx` HOKO _ `yOK_. Hq`" PÔ Jx
x~~OKH<_. ''H<= J< W~" ~O_O^ # n~ Hq` ~_.
OKOx ~[H, OH i` g^, ~ HO [~Q
q+< ~_. WO^ i}= ÔÒ, p# <QiH` ÔO,
^ cu, =[O Jqhu OKQO_`#O L<~. H~O J=~O
''qO_H +< P <K ~ _ \ ~@" HH HiQ< LO__. J=~
<O# =iOK_. K@|^ q"x =u~HOK_. =`k` PQ_#
|@\_. ''And priests dare babble of a god of peace - even
whilst their hands are red with guiltless blood - murdering the
while, uprooting every germ - of truth exterminating spoiling all making the earth a slaughter house Jx x~=@OQ q=iOK_.
H< =H Hx ~ K J=~. Ò W ~#"_ `#

# OKO^ =~_ H^#k. H~ H J~Ok. ^=_x, q` QO^#
^+<_x <~O. "^\ a_ \Ok. P" Ze* W~< Jx ~ \_.
è Ug ^Q~ ~hH=@O PiHOQ P~Q x|_H=@O q^"
qyeOk. J " Xu_ K < ~. # KH"e H_ WOH~<~.
z=iH Q_< ~} " Q_ J_ rqÒÒ. Q_< t+~ "s iK "O k.
P" L^=Hi}. WO\H ^~OQ "sH ^Q~Q |``<_. z=iH
i\ JO^~ He LO^=x ~r KOk. ''~ i\ îQ "s
''~Q LO_ XOÔ Jk. ~< H_x Jx KH# "_H_ `~"`
D q+h |@\_. J`# ~# L`~x\x Kx~# =O^
176
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Qa@ ^~^
KiOK~.
"s` q_Q H~O \_. Q_< Ô` J~#` "i +bx
=ke "o=\xH XOÔ k~_. nx `@HH_ Hq OQ=_.
WO` #=O^ "s Ku \ P" "o` P"` @ `# K#x kiOK_.
Q_< `~ J`x Fî WO\H OOk. i\` LO@# J`x
=#= =O Ug O_ =i<_. P"# îQ K_H =^
KO^`<_. x*x XHH`<_. H J#q<_. _|H H^
`\ =x+x J~O KH< =#Ò x Hq J_. =#=Ò QiOz
` Hx =#+ QiOz èx Jq"H. ''Hq`x J#q OKe. "Ô`x
J~O KH"e J< i\ \ *#O H~Ok. J#=@ xHO_
~OQ "s =z "i KHx "_Òk. J`x =nHx <
"Ok. `# +b rqÒH "tOz LO_H` +b Z_ KK"_x J#k
_.
28071814 `"~~=# <yO\H +b, "s H~` XH HK
~OQ < L_~OK~. i =Oz q@ =Ô K~~. Q
J~. "px J" XH <@_= J^ fHx \[~O_ |~ ~.
+b JO> ÒîH J"Ok. i\ ~O_= a_# H_` LOk.
~ HiOk. H_# H#k. ''_~_ " ~ L`~O ~Ok. +b
`` Kx_. +bH H O_ P ^HOk. J f~_. Q_<
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"s H~ <~`<_. #u O^x rq J_.b
177
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i a+b 2 (z=i QO)
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L<_. a+ Q\ XH U_^ L<~. uK@ `# `="<~x
qOK_. *<" ^Q~ M~< H~=<~. ~< =z K~_. +b
~< He " \ \~x QQ =K~. JO^~ He ZO*
K<~. HkHxH ~<# =k g "o~. Q_< `~ Ò_
x[ "x è* L`~ ~Ok. O_< Ki# <H P" P``
KH#@ èOk. +b H_. i\ JH`Q J^$"Ok. Wk
=~ H. P" =" ~O\< i=~ èOk. P" = W~" XH\
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KH< < =zOk +bH. `# e W==x +b Ze*# H~_. H~#
P~OK_. Ò_Q J#~_ Jx J<H _"O@# H~ =iOK~.
H~ #q J`x K` _`~ H#H e fH< J~` ^x
f~xK~. H~ F_=@O` _ J_. H~ _ \#O^
O`+__. b O\ i Ki_. W~" ~O_ H\ Hq g`
H< +bH ^Q~ HH_.
=~ H~=<_. "s` "sQ LO@<_. Hq` ~i i<
L<_. = z# Hq`# ~_. <Q " Zxqk =O^ O n~
Hq` ''k i" P WO ~_. Q_< kiOg PQ^. ~< H~
178
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QO_@ =zOk. WOQO_ =ke P~QO HO W@b "_. q< H~
JQ, K~~. `qk "~ JH_ ^ u~Q`, \ ~#
''OlO# J#"Ô K_. ''=x+ H =HÒ HO J<+},
H~H = J<_. ~ < +b @OxH `# Ô "_H<O^ WK_.
+b ''Ee< JO_ =^ ~@O "^\_. ''_x J< \*_
"^\ QO ~_. H~ _O@i "k` ^_ Kx~Ok. HO L<
Ee< ~< L<_. H~` " Z~ y<_. g xH \#
=~ Z=iH `b^.
=Q~ < K~~. ~@O `yO z \ +H~, ~ _ O Q \ ~OQ
Q__. P~Q=, H =_~. ~_Q Hx<_. ~" K~~.
~O_#~ U H_ qeO Kx_. Q~< =HO =~~. ~<
K~H<~. "s <Q O`#OQ i ~<# H#k. ''x ~@O i
K_. ''The best thing I ever wrote J#H<_. Hx =Of H~s
i= ''JO|Ô, Jq"H ~K# J<~. ~< Qe f=` Z=. Z_
=~". "~. JH_ L# ~O_ U J`xx rx q[$OaOK_.
''k = P J<i J< tY~=#"# Hq` ~_. JO^ ''Rise like
lions after slumber - in unvanquishable number - shake your chins
to earth like dew - which in sleep had fallen on you - ye are many
- they are few Q #. WH_ J`# ''~ H_, " ''x\"
O\ J< J~ Hq` ~_. ''WOQO_ W< 1819 ~_. WH_ "_

iOKH < Qe< "~. JH_ =~ qs`" #^ Oy
=<~. =~^ =OK``<~. \O "_< =z Ki +b` ~[H
` OQ K +bH uO_ ^ O_ KOk.
W~" `q^ U@ =~ J=~` $OQ~O ~OQiOK_. P" W~"
~O_ Uq qqx. P" H<O\ K~ q_Oz o KHx KO<
J"#H<_. Uq +bH ''i@= ~ J~Ok. P" Ò_
Q=~~. H# +b _H ^H fH_. Q=~~ =~ ~O [<xH
è<"_. ''Z H_< J< Hq`# nx ~_. WO^ ''\xH
" LOk. J^HH ", H, HiH L<~. P~ =O^ < Hq` Wk.
179
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
OOx W~ =#`x K_. ''With one child friend, perhaps a

jealous foe - the dreariest and longest journey go L^~} K#.
Wk i J~ O\ J Zqb * #Oz i~ "~Hix o KHx
+bH HzOk. =O^ H =`" "~OK_.
HH J<"_ P^xH OKO Hq`xH #O ^x ~_. `#
H # _nHx Hq`xH L# H =~# x~ ''_< P
\ ~_. =[O Hq` Q^x "kOK_. ''Lift evil from
the hidden beauty of the world and make familiar objects be as if
they were not familiar Jx K Hq` =~x ''Ever strengthens
and purifies the affections enlarges the imagination and adds spirit
to sense. poets are the unknowledged legislators of the world Jx
_O H |*~Oz K_. D z=i "H< JO^~ Lî~ . JO` K~O

Ok# "HO Jk.
''J_< J< z=i Q Hq` ~_. Jk = Q UHH Hq`
JO\~. |=i H\ Hq ~" Kx_. U Hx D q^"~
+bH è^. J_< _ Hq`x =iOK =~ Hq`. ''H\# J`x
H "kHO> q=~ JuQ ~ ^~}OQ KO~x +b Ja__.
e_ `~` Q ZerQ J~^ Oi< O*Q ~_.
ZH_ *~, Hx =O, + `QO_ H_OnQ ~_. ^:MxH ~H+Q
xez~ +bx z~Orqx KO k.
''The one remains, the many change and past - heavens
light forever shines - earth's shadow fly - that light whose smile
kindles the universe - that beauty in which all things work and
move - by man and beast and earth are mirrors of the fire for which
all thirst now beams on me - consuming the last clouds of cold
mortality Jx KeOz [eOz K_. D ^:YO` Py^. WOH `#
$[# q~x î< L<_. H\ =~}O `~` +b < e@~s

i __. i Q P l ^Q~ z# W H#<_.
J~^Q~ JH_ L<~. W W~ =iH HO JO^< ~HO@<~.
+bH D` ~H~< \ +H~O> W+O.
< O_ J_Q \ ''Ui# H<_. qeO` He "^\ iQ
180
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
Q ~< \ #_HO@ "~. ~< WO\H "o =K~. E Zxqk#

qeO` He iH \ uiy =< ~. Hx WO\H K~ H ~. qs`" #
Qe, =~O #_@
O J^ O JxOzOk. \ #k u~Q| _~Ok. =m
=H~. ~O_ "~ `~` "iî " X_ H@HK~. H\
~# Hq` +b *| LO_~Ok. o# "# cK X_# # ~
=k K~. =m Hx < `~` gi J ~# `q f "# JyOK~.
+b QO_ ^| u#^@. >=x J<"_ ^x Q_. ~"x >O\
"@x z`x *Q` K~. WH_ H\# =k K~. W^~ H=
H H< =k LO_~. WOH < +bH = U =z LO_q.
18071822# +b =~}OK_.
+b rqÒ ''A paradox of reason and irresponsibility J<~.
''where music and moon light and feeling are one J<_ qe".
+bx =^ P~ ''A beautiful and ineffectual angels beating in the
void his luminious wings in vain JO@ HiO K_. Hx +b =#=
^#= " ~O_ [qeQ L<x =#O `H# Ki` K|Òk.
''Drive my dead thoughts over the universe J<_ +b. =[O
Hq `# q+O Q q K #"_ +b . H$ ux Jx " ~H #
Hq K_x K|` ''From these create he can - forms more real than
living man - nursing of immortality.
+b \ ~<e\. =x+ Q=O è# Hq. O, K =^
Ô QiOz ~_. x~ JO> z~__ . x*xH ''J# Hq JxOK_
+b. Hq` tY~=#"#g `xH Ki#g ~_. O~ qHO x
Hq` ~_h J<~. J`x eiH =~ =O^Q =#e H\ _Ok. `~`
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[ÒQ LaH# Hq`. JQ Xl=O_ Hq` Q ùH ^$H^x
"=iOK_.
''The world's great age begins a new - the golden years
return - the earth doth like a snake renew - her winter weeds
outworn
''Heaven smiles and faiths and empires gleam - like wrecks
181
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of dissolving dream
''Oh! cease - must hate and death return? - cease must men
kill and die? - cease drain not to its dregs the urn - of bitter prophecy - the world is weary of the past - oh! night it die or rest atleast
=O\ J=$`=#"# Hq` O ~ J=~Hq J_ +b. Hq`

~Ox g\ è*# =Hq. ''Such poems convey the very
essence of poetry - anbodied joy so keen that in spite of every
prejudice the world must listen and respond to it
HHH KH=i JxOKH# +b` =# ^=e H$+Qix

~ . H$+ =~} , NN ''+b =m =~}O K_ Jx J#=@ =#HOîH
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J=@O W+O ^. =< @ =k O_< w @ K~_.
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O__. `\"_ h < ~< J~_. H\ =# =Ò
^xg^ LOk. ~ Hl< =# ~H<_. `qk < `~` =O^
^H}O @H=\xH iH\ WK~. =O^ H} "\ HOl+<
Q Q OK_. WO` K < ''=#O` #" JO@ HqÒ g^ LO_~Ok.
Hq` HH ^=<_. H_< H~` XHi ''The other day during a
lecture there came a sunbeam into the room and with it a whole
troop of creatures floating in the ray and I was off with them into
a fairy land JO@ HO qiOK_. [| _"iH #O K@O
`# K`Hx x Jx QOK_. z=iiQ XH +O\ P~i# F< K

H è~ J^` K WH =m iH =y *eH "^x H\
OQ K_.
W~" XH\ Hx Hq` ~_. ''Wq>+< P #~ J< <\
~_. `# WOH ~<Q LO_#x è K_. H\ x` J`x
^~. "~ J< z`H~_ H\ J^` z`x w_. K =K@Q H\
Hx_. O_< K _ l ^~` HO`HO L<_. XH~A
LÔ kO\H H\ P ~u JO` xÔ_ "Hx ~# ''P< HOQ
WO@ K< =~ ''Much have I travelled in the realms of gold and many goodly states and kingdoms seen Jx ~O= <\
184
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Qa@ ^~^
Kkq qxOK_. H =^ J<+} ''H~* Hq` ~_. g\ "``

L<~. O\ ~# ^xH <" * \~. ''HqÒ H#` ~k H^
J<H#Q ~^x H\ JaO. ''A drainless shower - of light is
poesy - it is the supreme of power - its might half - slumbering on
its own right arm J<_. O\ |$OÔ H\ _<_. =~=~ H\#
"K_. O\` xÒ H\ ZO` " KOk. ''The poetry of
earth is never dead` ~O"# Hq` JOîx "OzOk. ''P< k
Q ~ JO_ k HH \ "^# q ~O^~. gH J#OQ< =< ~.

D P#OÔ Z=HO ^. ^~_ \O J<~QO` uiy =K_.
JO^~ He ""H ~_~. O_ |$OÔ iy~Ok. H\ ^
JO` HqÒ g^<. HqÒ ~O_ XHH}O _ LO_"_ H^.
''+H~# Kkq` K J`_H q*# ~O J<"_. ''ZOkq< `#
* ~O Jx `# H JO` ^~ ~#x K_. ^x ''~ ~ P
~\ J<_. KO < uH _= H\ H Q L# ~ < = "_ `
^` H\g^ LOK_. X^ iK~ f <@H K gH K_. =~=~`
H~H ~x=^ . `# = O `y Ò^x P H \ ^ _ `<_.
H\ O_< =ke *i #O \Q=\ xK_.
1818 U ''ZO_q< KiOK_. gH K =u~HOQ
=K~. JO^x ''A thing of beauty is a joy forever JOî <Hg^
<@=_Ok. q=~ [_"# #Oz |@ _\xH @~O_ "_. <`
He S~O_ K_. "`=~}O QH "~xH K~~. JH_ #O_
< "o qs`" # =~, Ke, ^Q , [| \ H
"k H} HxOK~.
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H\. i= _+< ÒK~. H~i i= HHi , ZO_q<
q+" HH< qye# "iHO> HO` #O. H J=_H _| W|Ok
Z"Ok. ~< f =~ PiH O K x\~. \O Kx_.
èH, \O =z# H `## H|oOz"O^x `H<_.
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Q@O ^ . q +` JO^H ~OQ LOk. q[O O^x Hq JxOKH<_.
"iî =^ =Y 1936 =`" K~} J~. P" H\
185
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QQ ~_. ^~_ *i +< _ = Q@H<_. Z@
H [~e[O LO_x "_< H Kx Ty__. ''q
''X` k Q\ ~_. x O_ |`H#x K`<_. Zxqk =O^
< ''k H JO_ k # ÒQ ~_. Q _ J_. U_
=O^ O_ Px Jq *iHK_ "~O HO. J^g H\ OÒ H^x
H\ Kx~# `~` *i K@O q_~O.
1820 |=i xH iu q=i *| ~_. H\ K=
_ ^Q~_~. Ke, ^Q, |#` k<~. ~HO HHO@<_.
H"u "Q ^\ HH# ~Hx `< sHOz K ''that drop of blood
is my death warrant Jx è K_. =~* Z"<~. =i
HO` Q}O HxOzOk. O_< "o ''H ZO\ WO@ *~ O K^=#H<_.
''q W , ''k D" P ~O\ PQ "^# " z=i "O
K~_. 1820 E O\ K_. nx =Oz O^< =zOk. J=H
*~Q Q~. WOQO_ ~[H ^=~O ~yOk. <Q= *i ~#
=k_. nx` J~^ =O^ H J=_~. ''W P~ k P
H x XH H^. D" P PQ Q q[". O |~ ^x qk#
* "~` He H\ ~" <=g^ |~_. <~A }Oz
K~~.
H\ z=i ~ O_ < =#H PO^#, s~H ^` Q_ _. J,
P" JfÒQ L<_. `# n# ux < Ki# `~` < *| ~
è_. ^ qs`" ~H"_. 23021821# "~# ez
''Lift me up, I am dying, don't be frightened. Thank god it's come
Jx z=i =@ Jx Ti JO^H U_ QO@ ^_ J~~u J= _
H\ Hq. ~O_ ~A `~` ~"x >O\ "@i Y##O K~.
P# ~# Hq`(Z`) ''Here lies one whose name was writ in water
L# Hx LOK~. H\ HiH "~ =k J`x ~ ~^. HqQ
J~^ H" rqOK_. `# Hq`x iQ ~_ Hx Q~O`, Q~`
~^. H\ HqÒ JO> XH "^H" Hx PK<~O HÔ\~. Wk
J|Ô Jk PK# "^H "#". J`x T fH. ''==~O
186
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<\ OQ Hq` Q~= P~^# #Oz ^~xH }OK_. H\ XH
k="# H LO_k J^ ''A dream of a world made not only lovelier
but worthier of living. It was a pursuit of a dedicated poet, a
tragic lover, and a brave man, who wounded by derision and weakened by a fatal disease, confronted death with a deathless vision.
S^~ =`" HqQ L< H\ Hq`x W\H P~k< L<~.

F_g^ ~@ L# Hq. >x< We\# qÒ K_. ~=O\H
HqÒ +b H\ ^=`~Q xeK~. H\ ~# L`~ _ `
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=~_. Ò_ |s P~" H qq^ + LO_q. WH_ ~H,
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xOQ q=iOK_. O_< =i\ Kkq# HkHO< H=Ok JO`
<~_. <O_= U@ `# Uq H"#H#n YzÒQ x~~OKH<_.
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`< JkHi#x = <Q= U@ Hx KH^. nx HH_ " Ki
KiOK_.
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<@HO ~ @=x J_Q_. '' ~ 1837 KiOK_. nxx
H"O\ Q~< k@~ J~^ JOH <@HOQ îOK~. #@ Q
K^x xOQ ~^q <@H=x _~H~ u@H<~. rqÒ k@~
<@HO ~# Jx c+OK_. Hx ~O_ `~` q[$OaOz ~_.
"^\ i W@e "o "x JO^xH =Q__. ''~ J< ~"_
O ~_. Wk P~ " # Hq`. ''OH |O` ^x<< kOK=K
J<k WO^ ~OO. H~ ~ W^q HqÒ JO>, >x< "^\ z=i
O Q<x K_. J" ''Who will may hear sodello's story
told J< "^\ k
''who would has heard sordello's story told J<
~O_ #.
W q=~z< =Oz ~K# K q[O kOKx x~OK_.
'' <\H ~_. ''HOQ qH~ HOQ K~, ''i@~ P k _,
''\ W< k z<, ''HO |~ _ ~ =ke< ^xH ~ ~<^.
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189
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^"< qOK_. P~ ^^~# Ze[` ~\` " @~ [i_.
P" w, \< k@. Ò_ ~_. xOQ# `xQ KOk.
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qHi< H ~K~` JQQq JxOKHOk Ze[`. ''_H P k z<,
''=H W#"O\, ''P~~ b =`" [<xH Q~<~.
~ =O #O_ |@_\xH W\e< HqÒ " "_.
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_| HO> ~ O^# aOzO^ Z=. gi @O| `_ *< H<
Kx~ giH ^HO_ " O_ _| WK_. xOQ H_ \_.
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OwÒ "qOK_. ~x Hqx "K_ ~ xOQ. ~< P" [|
_Ok. L| "k xOQ# _Ok. Kx~Ok. `~` W~" Zx~^
|uH_.
''_=\ ~< 1864 ~ KiOK_. _` W< k =_~,
` JO_ P~, Kh l "^#q ~_.
_` #~^} OkOk. 1868 ''iOQ JO_ k |H `K_. XH~A
=~\ "_Ò> k_= àH KOk# \< HO H#_Ok. ^x
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HxOK"_.
1881 "^\ iQ xOQ \ U~_Ok. nxH PH~ WOw+
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190
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J~ J"iH J=~x o KH<_. [|` ~O" ~ Z\H`
12121889# #=` H#=_. " qx~ P \ H~~
=k K~.
xOQ# P"k JO\~. ''God is in heaven - all is right
with the world J#^ P# `` O. P# Q >HH LOk. KO^#
qKq_Q =i ~_. Ò Q H O#_# HqQ xOQ
xez_.
''Brounning's restless energy is inherent in the incalculable
range of his interests. He seems to have determined as G.K
Chesterton observed "to leave no spot of the cosmos unadorned
by his poetry" and he almost succeeded
D<_ xOQ _=\H "< Q< Q Ja=x<~. JO^

=H =O YzÒQ |@_Òk. Wq eH Q HO_ iQ
`# Pq+i~. =#=x q+O ^= K+e è*_. We\,
Z* O_ D "<Q# Q "_Hx O#O K~. <@H Hq`x
xOQ J^ÒQ fikk =~^~_<_. ~~ i@e[O
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Z< J"~ O^_. O_< x=i\H rq`HO Q=~~Q L<_.
Q ~ ~ H~ + PxOz< L<e"e =O ^x =^< _. =~
J~" ~K# ~ KiOz# ` rq xOQ. b
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qHi< Qx ''qO` QO Jx ^~}OQ JO\~.
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iQ ~#"~, K O^~OQ H=Q ~# "~ L<~. huH
x|^#"~, J*Q`Q L#"~ L<~. =[O ` iOK~xk,
P_ K^=O_ q_z @xn x HqÒ ~ ~ Ok#"_ >x< Hq
HO 1870.
qHi< HO ^g Q~" ~=~. nxH ~~ ''"<
__ =~ J<_. =^ `~Qu [ huH ~_~. #~ ''Ja=$k
JH`Q =Kk HH~< J=~" J<_. uH "^x xOuOKH `
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O, "\ L^=, H=<" ^ OK ^~ =O =O\q
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Ò_ ^Q~ Kk"_. Ò_H HH Ja=#O. J~` H_ ~ ~# F_
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Q@Hx =_Q =~_. W^~ #~ |#`. WOHH_ =`= O^
192
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Hq >x<.
K^=@O ~H=O^ >x< HqÒ K_. xqk UH OH"~
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~ =kOz |=u O^_. ~< =$uH qKiOz, J_=H "o ~g^
''~< D* __ Jx ~ =#x ^ Q@H<_. ^~_ K~`
He ''" @ |^~ ~ JK"_. WOH ^~_ _iH ~#
<Q Hqè J~" U `~` ^ HqQ ~Ok< ''HH_ =~ Ki
KiOz# ^=# >x<k.
O^qk K~ ` He H Oa_ \x\ Hl Ki "\H J_.
JH_ P#OÔQ LO_H WO\g^ =# =eOk. ''k Jl J< H#
`` He O K_. # # Ja=xOz< JO^ ^H _.
_w OÔ_< HOa_x =k_. JO_~ Q_\Q LO_Q< ''"
p eiH ~ =kOK_. JuQ LO^xOz< u^#O Z"O^xOz<
''=i<=O\ "\ OwÒ JiOzOk. =_ `~` =~ Hq` OH#O
`K_. H\# pe KO__#"_ nh J^ ^~} q=iOK_. `# P`
Q~=O ^|uO^x >x< J#H<_. LQO x^< JO^x Ow`
^# "KOQ LO_H~.
W~" =_ x PO J< Ki` i^_, Ò_ =Y `_
J#HO_ @ ~O ~HO Q_H\ Kx` KeOz~ |\H
~H`<_. P# ''W< ""iO J< Hq` ~_. ^=_ JO>
Uq\ HOKO J=Q# =K_. H\, q< Zer Q HO_ nx
= H@#Q ~_. Wk Hq` =`" Hx rq` Ki` H^x K_.
''Ring out, wild bells to the wild sky - the flying cloud, the frosty
light - the year is dying in the night - ring out, wild bells, and let
him die
''Ring out the old, ring in the new - ring happy bells, across
the snow - the year is going, let him go - ring out the false, ring the
193
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Qa@ ^~^
true. J<q JO^~ `~K

Q "_" JO`Q [#OH KK~Ok. ^~ _
K~ ZOQ*"O\ J~# `~` #=O^ J"_ _@O` Hx~Ok.

>x< ^Q #Oz Z^~K# Zqbx o KH<_.
D ~ ""iO q_^ K_. J^ =O =~=~ Hq
Kx=@O` P#HqQ >x< xqO|__. \# H_ ''O
~ \_ . Wx q[ kOz< >x< ''[ Hq JxOKHH _.
Hx q^=O` =Y_Q xeK_. J~^ `~` ''k < ~
K iOK_. WO^ Ow`x, =` "qOK_. W" nx \O KH<
"~=~ ~.
Ô` S P "\ ~_~. ''@ H_ ~_. 1855
~# ''=_# "_=Q =k_. Jk ''z# "\ Jx KH<_.
Hx ^<~. ''S_ P k HOQ ~ JO^ P~= `xH KOk# P_,
=Q"ix QiOz ''H< D<H P~< QiOz ~_. z=iHO >x< J``=
Hq` ~_. _ ''_ JO_ J^~ " ~_. W_ J<H Q~"
JO^H<_. PH~ Q~= _H~\ WzOk. Q xi\ ~H~+ W#O>
u~iOK_. ^x Q_#<` He <~, _<~ @~ K_. #
#~ |#`` Q\ =zOk. W< ZO* HOk. ~K# =Ò =#^.
ik^`< L<_. ''=b< XH l K_ "ex LOz
K 06101892 J~~ u =~}O K_. P# =\H +H ~ <@Hx
LOz " qx~ P Q~= OK<` =k K~.
PHO Q K~O Ok, Q K^=|_# Hq >x<. =~î
H^ Hx ~H= î xOz Q Hq` Ô K =Oz O@
O_OK_. ''He was one of the best and one of the worst of poets
JO\~. O\"O\# Z=Q "_H<_. ''What does little birdie
say - in her nest at peep of day? - let me fly, says little birdie mother let me fly J< # JOî =# LO_~. >x<# ''A
cross between the traditional ministrel and the conventional maiden
aunt Jx P@\ O K~. >x< [<x `#` Hq` |O Ô \~.
z=~Q ''If the style was not the complete man, it was the expression of the artist who was a perfectionist in verbal felicities. Few
194
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poets have had a finer ear for the delicate nuances of sound and
still fewer have surpassed Tennyson's undulating ease, his limpid
lyricism and some times matchless music
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^_`< Hq` ^~ PyhO_, WOHhO_ H_H<_. '' Saddest of all English poets "whose technical mastery of verse and
language proved a surface to his poety's depth to the abyss of
sorrow Jx We\ Hq >x< Hq =^"_. =~ # ^H ~K#
K_. b
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''QO_ QQ y`~. ''Cold in the earth, and the deep snow
piled above thee - far, far removed, cold in the dreary grave - have
I forgotten, my only love, to love thee - severed atlast by Time's all
wearing wave JO@ Q HqÒ Jk. D JHK i@ XH XH HO
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''Riches I hold in hign esteem - and love I laugh to scorn and lust of fame was but a dream - that vanished with the morn and if I pray the only prayer - that moves my lips for me - is "leave
the heart that now I bear - and give me liberty Ow`, | HH Zqbx
"KHO\~. XHXH #=` #==}Q "ey~Ok. 1850 ^H P"

J ~ "QH ~^ . ''A peculiar mixture of timidity and sportan
like character - she was painfully shy and physically brave to a
surprising degree. `# qk #Oz JOQO _ H `Qx nH~~
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''Thou shalt have one God only, who - would be at the expense of
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verse exemplified it Jx Ja__ . ''HqÒ JO> rq`xH "M#O.
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qOK^ . J`x _=~ cK Hq`x Hx O ''Eternal note of sadness
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shore - lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled - but now I only
hear - its melancholy, long with drawing roar retreating to the breath
- of the night wind, down the vast edge drear - and naked shingles
of the world
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''White and Golden Lizze stood - like a lily in a flood - like
a rock of blue - veined stone - lashed by tides obstreperously - like
a beacon left alone - in a hoary roaring sea - sending up a golden
fire HqÒ yÒk. Q x =H`, qK~x, eiH[O` " #O
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''When I am dead, my dearest - sing no sad songs for me plant thou no roses at my head - nor shady cypress tree "---" I shall
not see shadows - I shall not feel the rain - I shall not hear the
nightingale - sing on, as if in pain - happly I may remember - and
happily may forget
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''They gave him light in his ways - and love and a space for
delight and beauty and length of days - and night and sleep in the
night - his speech is a burning fire - with his lips he traveileth - in
his heart is a blind desire - in his eyes fore knowledge of death
JO@ x HO@ Zy~_ xOyH.

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now said not only all he has to say about every thing but all he has
to say about nothing Jx Z"
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''When the present has latched its postern behind my tremulous stay "^#
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aO\x # è*_. J~` g~Oî HO> Z_~ J< ''In
character no man stands more loftily than Bryant the peculiarity
melancholy expression of his countenance has caused him to be
accused of harshness or coldness of heart. Never was there a greater
mistake. His soul is charity itself in all respects generous and
noble Jx Yz`"# ^~ q=~} K_. J"iH< ~=O\H HqQ ~.
=i< ^~HOQ ZO` "KHx P# K# =@ ''Truth crushed to
earth will rise again Jx ^^ Q~K"_. " q@< ''"O\~.
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rich and casual - homespun cloth of gold Jx " "K_. Z<
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x~# OxH xx # "kH K_. ''The crank of an opinion mill - making his rustic reed of song - a weapon in the war of
wrong Jx ^
_ _ . `~` '' O_ `# Hq` H
h î OK_.
Zxqk O\ ~ [` `~ K# D ~_ W_ JH_ =Y
208
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07091892# q@~ Hq =~}OK_. ''U | ~ H\ H ~ "
''There is Whittier, whose swelling and vehement heart - strains
the strait breasted darb of the Quaker apart - a fervor of mind which
knows no seperation - twixt simple excitement and pure inspiration
Jx "KH<_. ''OQ P k hQ \=< J<H =^} OkOk. HH~

L^=HqQ _ ^_.
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a+~ P# ~K## KiOK@=O> J=# q+". ''k H~ + P
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P =` OK +x\# J#"Ô OkOk. Hx =Hb# H=
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H< Hq` =_" _~ OkOzOk.
27021807 "~<x ~O_ [xOK_. `# x '' A
boy's will is the wind's will - and the thoughts of youth are long
long thoughts Jx ~H<_. Ò_ H=i xK"_. z#_ `#
Hqx J=`#< #=H=O_k O\ H. WiOQ ~# ^xH J#H~}Q

''K |H ~_. <O_ U@ ''k \ P " O_ Hq` ~O_
Q*\ JK~Ok. _< Hl Ki Jx\ ^=_Q =K_. ''K@~<
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K ~~ ~ J_. =m q^j#O O_<q< [~< `x
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+x =H=O ''H"# r~O KHx `# ''=` uaOaOK_.
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''Ez for war I call it murder - there you have it plain an flat
- I donot want to go no further J<_ ''U | ~ H\ H ~ èH
q+ ^$+h \_. Z=~<, , |O\ "^# "i#Oîx LuH
P~_. XH U_k ~ Q__. ~ Kx~Ok. ~K# =xQ_.
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''=~# =<# "qOK_. J"iH< ~=O\H HqQ ''~ _
H= XH_Q QiO O^_. ''Who ever is most universal is most
national Jx JO\_. <, ~~ < H~ uxk. P^xH "~\
L^=xH \~O xiOK_. ''k O\ H Hq` q "~ Hx
^$+H `zOk.
Jx H P^_ Z_~ J<
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iKO_ "i *< J< O~H} L<_. J< ~. WOQO_
=Oz KiOK_. JH_ XO@i`#O kOz ''k H Hq` ~_.
''Death was in that poisonous wave - and in its gulf a fitting grave
- for him who thence would solace bring - to this lone imagining
Jx = Qi` Hq` ~_. J"iH uiy =z XH `x è q #~
è =O` =iOK_. =sx =i\ Ki ^ KO_ `Q_ _
QO\ "|__. O_ Ò_ J<` \_ |\HK_. ''\=~<,
'' U x< Jx `# ~ O_ ~ KiOK_. Z=iH @^.
~O_ #O xK, J< =# |\HK_. =m J<` \_
`Q_` Kx`# `=_H = K_. " ~O\ uiw L^QO O^_.
JkH~ P[# LOOz#O^ L^QOOz ÒK~.
O_ Ò_ J<` =m \_, J`<g W^H iH ''h
Q ~_# __ . J<~QO, `Q_, îÔ, x~, ^:YO P=Oz
LHi aHi K~. $[<`H ~K# K_. XH H^ ~ _~ *
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212
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Z_ "# ^. ~ Kx~Ok. =s qÔ =xQ_. è x
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= Zxqk # ~\HQ, =u qÒ x"_Q =i_.
q^= ~# ~ qeO q@<` He L<_. Jq `` O` P`` `
K_. =, O`` z=i~A Q__. Z=~ \ OKH^. ~_
"O|_ _ uiQ"_. JO` Q Hq J<^Q ~_ H =iH H= ^Q~ _
07101849 # ~O_< Kx_. ''Almost without the first
sign of moral principle or the simplier affections of the heart, poe's
verses illustrate an intense faculty of technical and abstract beauty
with the rhyming art to excess, an incorrigible propensity toward
nocturnal themes and demoniac under tone behind Jx " q@<
OOK_. Jx q+ JO^"# J=~ K=# =iOK_. H

JÒ` ^#`xz HqÒ ~_. HqÒ JO> ''Is opposed to a work
of science by having, for its immediate object, an idefinite instead
of a definite pleasure being a poem only so far as the objects
attained Jx Ja __ . Q Q ~q#, =~~ W< ~=O>Q
Hq` J`x u x^~<. ^, ` H^ ~_. _>H"

H^_. HqÒ Q " ~O~ ~_. z=~Q ''Poe's poems are
full of the music of another sphere, a shadowy half world, out of
space, out of time, where Poe's spirit was unhappy at home Jx
JOK< "=K. qi H^ P^_. HqÒ ~ rqÒ Q_=K#x

~A= K# Hq. QkH ~K# ^_. ~~ H^ $+H~. l x~`.
` q=~# tY~Q# xeK_. x~H} O^H, f q=~
K_. ~ JO`\ P~^h_# Hq. lH#, Hl# g}_.
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K#"_. z#H^, <\H ~ O#O K_.b
213
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J"iH< Hq`x ~#"_, *f HqQ QiO Ok#"_ "
q@<. 31051819# J"iHx OQ SO_ O\OQ< "
[xOK_. `qk=Ok O`#O ~O_="_. Ò_ H~O@~. @Ox
|H< =~_. Ò_H ''\O< JO> g~a=#O. =Q~ H_
J^ ~ @H<_. qye#"iH *s "+OQ@<, ^= *~<, PO_
*H< Jx _O@ ~ @Hx =i_. ^# e "kH Q~<_.
XH K #~ |#`` W|Ok _Ok. XH J# "@~ =~ xK"_.
D <Ô q@< iQ_.
^HO_= U@ K^= i K_. O@~ ^Q~ _<_.
OQ SO_ ~ uH xK_. =_Q K ~Q LO_"_.
|`H\xH J<H # K_. Un O`$x=^. #~ HOl@~Q
xK_. \K~ J_. K HO\ \K~Q xK_.
W~" OQ SOQ~ H<_. XH U_k O` uH `"x uOz
q_ =m L^Q<+} __. ZH_ ~OQ LO_H_. P~
J~_[< uH xK_. z=iH W~" Zxq^ U@ ''|H< Dy uH
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214
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H^ ~_. ''k WOH _@~ J< _ O*# ~#@ JO^~

=i~. Dy O^_Q == U_ =~ xK_. ''Q_
"+O` LO_"_ Z_. J^ `~"` `~xH +< J~Ok. # Pi<
k#uH ''_b HO\ x kiOk. `=_ *` He # Pi< JO`
uiy K_. =_ < `~` |H< K~_. =< "~uH Z_@~
J_. " = J_ J=~` uiQ_. = = U@ Hqè
Q K_. Wk J`xH H`, f HxH W`# H`. KQ,
x|O^#x ~"` ~@O "^\_. HO` q[O LO_k. `# QiOz
`# HqÒ QiOz KH<_.
''I am the poet of the body - and I am the poet of the soul I go with the slaves of the earth equally with masters - and I will
stand between the masters and the slaves - I will buoy you up every room of your house do I fill with armed men - lovers of me,
baffles of hell - sleep for, I and they stand guard this night, god
and I are now here - speak! what would you have of us. W^H H`
QO`, H` =O, H` PK#. JO^s `#` f" PK#. JO^s

=#OQ K`Ò. <\ HO yeH# Hq` <O_\ x |H< O\
JK"_. g\H ''b" P Q Jx ~\_. J"iH i\`
~# Hqèq. 1855 Wq OQ Hq ~# '' "`` > O\ J~.
q@<` J"iH *f HqÒ Pq~qOzOk. J"iH QO` qxOzOk.
J"iH PO u^xOzOk. nx` ~ ''" q@<Q =~H<_.
=YzÒg^ D =~# +OQ KOK_. Z=iH _x =x+Q, H@
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=YzÒ. J\#O_ q@< e*O_i ~O"Ok.
q@< *O_ J~_. ^xHO J~O qOK_. ~#k
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K~ _Q, K^ =~x "i `_Q K H<_. = P_ < ^Q~
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J"iH# =#` He xK\xH W|Ok _~. |~x ^~O K~.
"i QiOz# Hq`" ~^. g~Oîh Q=# K HqÒ ~_. H`
Ki` $+O K_. J^ [Q` ^~ JO_ Ô_Q xeK_. W"g \O KHx
215
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q=~H Q}O J`x `Q_, =aK~O, Q~``#O, Hs " QiOK

~~ Hx HqÒ QiOz \ OKH^. `# _ `< H@HO@<_<~
_. J`x Hq` x[OQ< Q_~Hx `H~ ^Q=x ''J`# QO =x+,
QO [O`= Jx D_OK~. J"iH< H^ ~ _. q\~
Hq b" P Q H x x " He, " ''O|Q Hq`=x H\ ~_.
J~` "^q, Hq, ~ Z=~< =Ò ZO` "KH<_. ''Dear
sir - I am not blind to the worth of the wonderful gift of leaves of
grass. I find it the most extraordinary piece of wit and wisdom
that America has yet contributed. I am very happy in reading it, as
great power makes us happy, I give you the joy of your free and
brave thought I find the courage of treatment which so delights us.
I greet you at the beginning of a great career Jx =#iQ
Pj~kOK_ P y, =i, Hq, "Ôu, L`= ^t_. J^ Pj~Ô

J~Ok. WH q@< Hq` "xH J_O_ ~Ok. q=~ [_"#
~< JuÒQ y_. ''OQ P " ''I celebrate
myself and sing myself - and what I assume you shall assume - for
every atom belonging to me good belongs to you. W =`
He_. nx` Hq` iQ~. |$` QOÔQ 384 r` #@

W~" <Q Hq`` b" P Q ~êOk. `q^ Z_+< =ix
Hq` K~~. WOH q=~ LH ^$H^x \Oz H =HO@<
L<~. J~< Un PQ^. [ ZO` W+OQ Kk"~ PîOK~. `=HH
J#, `=_, ==, ~ aOK_x T~@ KO^~. |O_"#
q[x kOK_. Hx PÔ ~^. =m [~e[O "tOK_.
~[HOQ H` KO^_, =ix =iOK "~"<~. x
^ # u K"~ H~ "< ~. nx` =# qH"O k q@< . J"iH
@H# P J_ ~. ~[" H^, =#+ ^Q K~#H<_.
HO, L^HO iy S~h` XH Hq` ~_ ^x Q K~^. ''I pronounce openly for a new distribution of roles - let the sun and
moon go - let scenery take the applause of the audience - let there
be apathy under the stars Jx P"OQ PK<`HOQ HkeOK ~_.
_b >" xK_. Ô Ki ~_x qOK_. =e`#O

216
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H`Q` P~<^` =~"yÒk. ''@ ql\ ~ PiH ~_.
JOQqH~# x H@ H\ q@< =OkOK_. u H}O ^,
#u` J O_ = K_. JO^~ `# " J#H<_. `#
rÒ HO`QO` Q, O, u#|O_~, O_, , a@,
KH@, H Hx Q_# x Wz "i ^~O, LÒ, rq`K
HeyOK"_. L`~ ~ >"_. ''_O \ g\x q=iOK_.
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Pf`#~Q# î Oz, # u` =OkOz# =#g Hq q@<.
D O@# `~` J`x Q J~O KH<~. Q~= P^~ez "KH<~.
J"iH [ JÒ` H$`[` "x q@< îOz Ja=<x
K@H<~. J|O eOH< Ha<\ ''WO_< |~ P _~O\ P k
WO\i~ Q= L^QO nx =O =#< îHOk. WO\i~
H@i J~# *" ~O_ b" P Q Hx XH _~ ~Q K
Kkq _ `xH W|Ok Hey_"#x Ò^~_ L^QO f_.
nxH q@< ` f=OQ OkOz ''Q_ Q \ ~ H~Ò q_^
K~. YOQu# Ò ` `Hx ''J\s *#~ Y |kb KOk.
=_= U_ =K=~ JO^< ~Q ~Q xK_. `~"`
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èx OîOz# Hx <H #*ix HO_< è Kx~Ok.
`__. *i WO\Q# XH Qk LO_\xH WK_. HO_<
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^ _ _ . H # Z=~ O\ K \xH =O^ ~#O^ Oy_.
J^ P^~O J#HO> W J~Ok. HkQ P~QO Q J=Q< H~_ "o
eOH< L<eK_. ''eH W< k _~~ |"_ Hq`# ''<\ "
HH Jx JO^~ HàK~. J~" J~^ z# nO, K@ #~
=^ Q__. Kx~# ~ ~ WO\x Hx@Hx LO_k. Ja=#
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Q~|O_h =~~.
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LO@<_ XO@iQ "_Qk. Kx`#x è =k x~}O QiOz
PzOK_. JyO`h i K<_. _ ~O_ z=i Z_+<Q 1891
b" P Q KiOK_. n< ''_` _ Z_+< J<~. "^@ <O_`
"^# HO W_ =_ =O^ Q Hq`` |$` ~OQ ''q@<
Hq` q~OQ J=ìOzOk. #"x H 26031892# =#g
=Hq q@< =~}O K_. oHx |KiQ< qye_. q@<
Jx HQ QOQ He~. J"iH ~# ''OQ P ZHl+< XH
*f wÒO\^. Jx ~#, Jx ^# He_. q ~_xOK_.
''Whitman became the voice of a rapidly developing civilization. Half idealistic half materialistic sometimes corrupt but
ever expanding America
J"iH# J"iHQ QiOK\xH K e# `=O` K_. WOw+

=^xH ^~O K_. *f ~HO =O*_. *= =#=_
q`# x~tOK_. `# K# <q\ i J=Q# L#"_. ''I have
allowed the stress of my poems from beginning to end to bear
upon American individuality and assist it - not only because that
it is a great lesson in nature, amid all her generalizing laws, but as
counterpoise to the levelling tendencies of democracy Jx P~@_#
218
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
^H Hq. b J`xH H~"Ok. J^H =#"O@ |H J~Ok. ''It

is a national phenomenon in which a poet identifies himself not
only with a continent but with the cosmos. Uttering the word
democratic the word en-masse he sings seemingly of himself but
actually of life immence in passion pulse and power - cheerful, for
forest action, formed under the laws divine - the modern man I
sing Jx P^xH =#=_ HO w` ~_, Q#O K_. Ô HO `#
g~q^
`# î OK_. `# ''Q_ ~ H QiOz q@< UO K_ `HO><
=*
''This is no book who touches this, touches a man Jx
Oy~ K_. ` Ki` ''H x, =x+x XH\ Q K# Hq, ~K~ `
<_. ''In it Whitman emerges a titanic and controversial figure
- messianic, intuitive and often mistaken, roughhewn and lopsided
but unquestionably the most challenging writer of his time and of
ours Jx Hi Hs@O \~. \#eO_[O, ie[O =^ xeK_. ''The
proof of a poet is that his country absorbs him as affectionately as
he has absorbed it Jx K_. Q_~H J"iH< =H=O J~Ok.
''Whitman is American poet. He is America Jx =#iQ "K_
Z* O_. c\ L^=xH uxkQ "QO_Q xeK_<~. J`x J#K~

''q@<\ Jx =|_~ . ZO^~ Ow`H~ J`x Hq` OwÒ =i
J[~=~O K~.
HqÒ P`<+} K# Zqb _H#<
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Zqb _H<< \Ok. Ò_ Qg} ~, l@~,
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LO_k. =O\ b H" q@i KiOk.
JH_ ^< =`û LO_k. =` QO^# JO^~ |\\ Ka` "\
JO`~~x Qi PzOKk. H< H=\xH =u~H` ^x XHi H
KOk. #H, ` s~O, X`# A@` JOÔQ LO_k.
H = ~Q< Hq`" J~Ok. P" H\ =~ L<~x
219
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=#x Wî =Q QiOz èOk. #@< `# ''J=~Ò kOK_x
J#k.
''My life closed twice before its close - it yet remains to see
- if immortality unveil - a third event to me Jx =<"x Z~H
~zOk. ''Angels twice descending - reimbursed my store - burglar
banker father - I am poor once more Jx Z^~KOk. #@<
Kx~# `~` Ò_` "+OQ@<, _e KOk. W~" =_
>i< Kix K~ "_=~# qOzOk. P# ^=_ ^Hx
''D ^g ^ ^. PO~ uiQz J~HOQ U^^ ~ ~k. ''I
can't live with you - it would be life is over there "^# Hq`
~Ok. q~O iOKH ''so we must keep apart - you there I here with just door ajar - that oceans are - and prayer - that pale sustenance - despair Jx x~Q ~HOk. `## `# JOHÒ KHO\#x
''I wife at day break I shall be - sunrise, hast thou a flag for me? at
midnight I am but a maid - how short it takes to make it bride!
JO@ = = qiOk.
Ò_ Kx_. J\ #O_ JO> W~" J~^ #O_ _H#<
XO@iQ LO_~Ok. # Ò_ z~H q`_, =K\ O
H~ J\ [ J~# F\ ~ n~ L`~O ~Ok. 1883
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n#~KHOk. HO\ P# "| \_ O` #@k# Hq`#
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220
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U WOH #@= Hq` îH 1945 KiO|_~. 1958 _H#<
P~^ =_ QO^Q P" =K# `x "~ L`~ ` =kOK~.
g\` P" Hq` ~O `H< g HeyOk. P" Hq` H=q^#O
LO_=. PK# Hk\". ZH_ "^\ ZH_ `Òk. XH^x`
XH\ HeOk. Hx |_ J~==@O H+".
''The brain is wider than the sky - for put them side by side
- the one the other will contain ease, and you beside
OQ iÔ# "\# *~ =x <
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\_. Q=~ Kkq ae Hl Ki P# Hq J~# ~|~
a_ =^ Kk"_. <OQ Hq`"_, ="_. ''Trees by
their yield - are known but I - my sap is sealed - my root is dry - if
life within - I none can show (except for sin) - nor fruit above - it
must be so - I do not love "^# JO^"# Hq` ~_. ''I have
desires to go - where spring not fail - to fields where flies no sharp
and sided hail - and a few lilies blow =O\q J^ÒQ ~_. K~
P WOQO_ W=_H HêH J_. z=i sH `~` ~"@<

''` O (~\iH) ~ J_. =_ xK _
<O L<_. ^ HqÒ *eH ^.
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h\ He~# q^ ^$x QiOz ~=O> =m HO\ ~_. Wk
=~ Z=~ L yOKx H` +, `# rq`Ki `# *_Oz JÒ` q^`H
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221
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HqÒ ~@" H+"Ok. rq` K~=OHO< Q HqÒ ~_. #
J~^= U@ ''SO J#O@ J<OQ =~}OK_.
< Kx~# = U 1918 ''" P *~ =h
< i@ Hx Hq`# a_ J< P# HiOz =kOK_. <
HqÒ JO` èHQ J~O H^. Hi# ^, J#H+` W|Ok _`~.
'Or to - fro tender trambeams truckle at the eye Wn ^~}. JOH~#
=^< =k QO^~QO $+_. iOK@O H+"#xOk. O^
Hq`# W"[s` He ~_. ''OQ iÔ# "\_. ~=O\H
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O^q^ `|O `=Q JO`"Ok. =~^ ^è J_H<~.
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XH ^"Ok. = x` ~# ""~ H^. ''k ",
''k Z |H J< ~O_ "Q*# D "kHQ xeK~. Z~ _< J<
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"o< J~_[# =Ok K\\Hx <\ _HO@ HxOK~. WOw+
= OK ~<# J#HiOK~. `#"`# O $uH JÔ
\ O k. ''Fin de siecle Jx nxH ~\~. H} O $u J#=K. ''A
swan song and a death bed repentence Jx "~. kO_ HO
P J#=@. ^ =O K# P~ " XH JaQO W~HQ J`x
222
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W~== à ~OO# O $u Ô^ ^~} =K~.
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=~ H# ^$H^~_~. XH =H D ~O_\ # x`_ ~# "~<~.
HO^~ XH^x @ _~. q^# ^~_~. ''The proper
school to learn art in is not life but art J<_ P~ ". Hx P~~
=< =Ò ''Life and nature were merely the crude materials which
were to be woven cunningly into beautiful patterns Jx K_. D
a# Ò }OzOk. x ^= =Ò <`#
Q=^<+} =xy~ HqÒ ~_. P# QiOK =#O `~`
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223
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Z_@~ W+_ @~ O J\H W =~@O =# JO^HH_.
z=iH ~" J_ H#Hx Z_\i P =z =\_= <~. zxy#
|@, +~ O_ # "H# =iH H@` "_. =`=O^ =<=x
K L^QO WK~. O^q^ JO^< xK |uH_. Z_@~ qe_
"< J`x ~ ~K~u J~# Pe "< ^=< ~# Hq` "^\
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Q "O ~_. ''~ OQ ~O_= HOQ =zOk. nxx "<
JOH`q K_. K [~ " ~_. '' JO_ e< ~\xH
Z= W+__. ''I would be the poet of the return to god Jx
KH<_. J=HÒ, =#Ò` ~"_. ''k HOQO P Q_ D*
224
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''O world invisible, we view thee - o world intangible, we
touch thee - o world unknowable, we know thee - inapprehensible,
we clutch thee - yea, in the night, my soul, my daughter - cry clinging heaven by the hems - and lo Christ walking on the water
- not of Gennesareth, but Thames
U.~.<
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"~ K^=Hx H Z^Q@O OKH"_. `*u L` $+`< Z_
y_"_. [O " #~#~< riOK~# ~~K~` HOQ. JO^H
~ ''He never grew up - he began by being behind the times
Jx ^| H\_ . qHi ~} _= O_ Ec L`" POQ =[O *Q`Q
LO_e LO@O^x KiOK_.
H=OQ HO Q = O `y ~Ok. ''= P^~ (Kx~# ~K~ `)
JxOKH<_. ''k \ ^\ J< jiH` ''The forgotten man in
English literature Jx P# J~== U@ uH, Z_\i ~~.
rq`Ki`Q ''"kOQ P " ~, KiOz# HkHxH _=
\# ~A `~` HOQ HQ~O He_.
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226
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=He =Ò ''His triumph was the triumph of the Philistine,
that he could never appreciate the romantic spirit Jx è ~~.
''ZH ><# ''Confound Romance - and all unseen - Romance
brought up the nine fifteen Jx HOQ ~_.
WOw+ ~ s ~K~` HOQ "^\ `~O "_. Q _
"H~. ''Full bodied and active verse that kipling excels Jx We\
Hq qOK_. ''^~ k<, ''_h n"~ Hq`# *+` ~_. HOQ
Hq` HO Q ^~}OQ *#^ @Q LO\~. \ L^=xH O
K_. ^x x~` _< ", HOQ ~# [Oy |Hx J<H "H#
LîOK_. < ''HO `# =~\ ~K# J<_.
"^\ < |=u Ok# S~O_ Hq qeO |@~ U\
Hq, <@H ~K~ ` J~# qeO |@~ U\
S~O_ _a<x O_=O\ >OO\Q 1306
1865# \_. `` =`` POyH< qx~.
Ò_ *< |@~ \ HH~_ HH ~ i<
JH_q _ _. Si+ i"= Ò# =kO
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H " "_. Jk J_g OÒ. QeH O@H xO. _a< "\e@HH QiOz PzOKk. _| H Q~O g^ "H #_z _a< #O_
O_< K~"_#x ~H<_. `# rq` Ki` `<H H`=`x HqÒ
P^~OQ xiOK#x K_. Wk QO T, QO Q~_. z=~ k
J_. "_O =\ J#K~_Q ~ O^_. ^# =@O,
=\_OK@O ^_xOK_. Hx J# Uq\ èkH^.
227
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`H<_. eH i"= K~<\H U\ i\, <+#e JxOK_.
J_ S~O_ ~O_ L^= "^<~. "^\ k ''QeH bQ, p#
Si+ `x J^#O K@O, QeH# *u+Q K@O gi Ô.
H~ ==O K JkH kQ|_ kOz r=# uQ`# "~Q~K@O
~ O_k. g\` *f O $u #~ " = O OkOk. H=x , *#^ ,
q^"`, H=, ~K~` JO` He =z L^=# #_ J#H#q
kOK~. *i ~ ''U.~ J< =~ ~` Hq` ~_. L^=O T
JO^HQ< x~ ~_HQ =i~. ^ iQ~. SiH
#~^#O q=O` =yOk. H= ~HO` #`# S~O_ [xOzOk.
QeH bQ ==_ _Q _ J< Hq S~O_ "^\ _O\ J_.
D L^= H~H= Si+ e@~s k@~ "kH J~Ok. nx`
=# Hq \ ` LOk. =_Q< J< JO^" # J=~ = _ _.
L^=O P" ''~ O_ ` =OzOk. D q[O` ''H`b<x e<
<@Hx ^H ^#OQ ~, JO^ H`b< J< =u `Qx, ^~x,
x, L^=O #_# f~# QQ î Oz JOî " O^_. = H
P~ H ~ KiOK_. Hk fH =`" "__. H=OQ O~
HqQ ~O^_. =KiH O\" O\#, JOH~# =keOKH<_.
S~O_ ~[H OH= ^xH H~}"Ok. 1913 ''Romantic Ireland
is dead and gone - it is with o Leary in the grave Jx H\ OK_.
''~x ae\ H O ~ #OK D =~# è* * HqÒ ~_.
''U H\ J< Hq` ''I made my song a coat - covered with embroideries - out of old mythologies Jx ^x H\ OK_. P# ~#
''The fools caught it - wore it in the world's eyes - as though they,
d wrought it J# Oe ^^ Kk"~ [#O. `~` nh H^#H<_.
''Z ~ [ L# #=H, ` q^< S~O_ ~=O\H Hq`
qe# <Ô ~_. ''k " < Z\ =#H ""#
K_. `~` J~^ ''@~ " KiOK_.
228
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Hk_. ''< "_. D J<+} *s _bx K P~ qOz
o KH<_. P"` He ''P\"\H ~\ OQ H=xH@~ _H\ KO_Q
''H K_. nx eÒQ ''U q[< ~ J~" =kOK_. _ ~O_
HO` =i =m O\ K_. ''To me it means a last act of defence
against the chaos of the world Jx J^ i~OQ #q#@ K_.
~O_= Z_+< =KiH U\ Q Q~=O O^_. Si+ \ P~
<@~Q L<_. 1923 Ò < |=u O^_. OK ^
Hq J_. = U@ #Oz ~# HqÒ JO` ^"Ok. HqÒ
+`, "eq, kH~` kOK_. T OKO sO_# =k "=
[HO, "i JaHO J#"x ~OQiOz ~_. ''In the whole
man - blood imagination, intellect running together, I am content
to follow to its source every event in action or in thought Jx
x*~fQ KH<_. ''U _Q P JO_ Hq` ''When such
as I cast out remorse - so great a sweetness flows into the breast we must laugh and we must sing - we are blest by every thing every thing we look upon is blest Jx H=x =^~ OyOK_. ~#
u Hq`# uiy ~ #_` fik^_. U\ HqÒ P^~Q

=KOk Jn P# `H`. H^ Hx _ "#"_. S~O_
^~OQ W\e< ~"ix ~ z=i ~A Q__. z=i^H ~<
z=i =Y QOÔ ''* O\ O. WO^ \ Hq` ~= `HOk. $[#,
fH ZOKH=@O JO` #=` HxOz L` $+ ~K# JxOk.
_ ^\# `~` |#__. |`H@O HO> K" "xOKk.
1938 j`Hx iOKH_. <OQ J^=O` KeH^ Hx s~O
`@HH H_ < =z H=H "o QO_ Py 28011939# < x ~H|~
\ Kx_. ~# <@H [#O ^$+ W_ H~< Hq`x
WOH P~k<~. Kx~# <O_ ''k ~<< P \ J< Hx
W~" #Q~ q=~ "` KiOz # x"o =iOK~. ''We no
longer listen to the half conscious music of a trance but to the
deliberate and uncompromising note of truth JO@ Ô[e
229
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
\OK~. Nobel Committee described as "inspired poetry, which

in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole
nation"Jx "zOk. ~gO^x wÒ[e POQ J#"^xH \ =O^ =@
~_. O^ HqÒ "\. Ki` #~=$Ò J=Ò^x #""_.

JO^H ''That his age represented the end of the cycle that began
with the rise of Christianity Jx K<_.b
230
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J"iH H` ^~}
W~==
à ~OO J"iH z=i i^# x~~Oz

` J<+} î fOk 1920 _O\ He< e_. ''THE
BUSINESS OF AMERICAN DEMOCRACY IS BUSINESS Jx +OQ
K_. *f "}[O JÒ` x~}`H P^~O Jh K_. ~[H
< ` P O xO_ _| ^KHO> Q=, qeh~
J~~ XHXH ~u. Wk P^~xH q~Ô Jx "~ HO^~.
JO\ "i Z_< PiOQ@< ~a#< XH_.
<@ #\ # Z_< PiOQ@< ~a<<
J"iHx "~< ~+O _ >_ 22121869# ~a#<
[xOK_. Ò_ ^#"i. OH _~ H~ . \# U_kH Qi#~ "o~.
"k [<, L`` HOÔ J~# WH_ `# q+` `H"#H<_.
JOîx `Hx =O^ "#xOzOk. XO@i`#O kOz< =HÒ
OKH=\xH J=HO HeyOk. ~K~` H"< LÔ` ~~ Ki ^x
"Q*< _[# Hq` ~ u~iOK~. ~O_ `~` q =`_~,
O k" f~. # H =Ok Lk H~ gk#_ L^qOK~.
O< ''=~_ W<H< H Kq, Z=H |#" K=
qxOK""#x ^__. H _ iQ HxOKq H=. Z=ig^ P^~
_`<#< == ^| fOk. OKO JO> _`<_. ''e<
H\ "Q*< Hq` JK J~ _| e yi QO`_. Hq` ~_.
231
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=_O^ H ~O_ _~ =kOz J=_. Q< J=_~
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Hq` Ki Hx f a+ K_. ''k z< P k <\ J< ~\ HO
1897 `K_. Z=HO |`H# Jx `Hx ~\xH Ò^~ __.
=O^ _~` #~ K~_. JH_ a+ ~ K@ uiy< Z=~ H< u K_^ .
W`# XH H "_, \K~ J#H<~. Hx ~K~`Q QiOK^.
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nx XH ""\H Z_\i ~ "O|~ =k ^x fHx =_=
HOQ ''H< HQQ KiOK_. nxH U_ _~ O^_. W^ è
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OkOK_. J^H #~H O.
qO@~ KeH `@HH_. _O\ ~*" H_ Ò_H
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=H" Hh LOK_. $[#j~ \ H=^#= J`#. #~
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xHO K_.
<O_ U <O_ H ~_. ''HH_ " e@~
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=m JO^s PHiOzOk. "^\ W+OH~< z=~ ~# "i<, x\,
uO <@H ^< "__. WO^ H^ H^#O JO` ` ^~}Q yOk.
JO^H Z=~ "KH^ . J~"H s~HO Q H}
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232
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nH< Ò K ` OKH<_. J~" J~^ ''OH =z |#_
P~+< [iy< |`H#x è 06041935# Kx_.
~a#< z# Hq`< JO^~ W+_ Kk"~. "~ ^~}x
x~OK_. ''He created an entire gallery of untypical of American
figures JO\~. ` q^< H` J~ K_. <\ #\
ZQ=\H Z_` q~q@ QeOK_. `# F@qx u Hq`
uaOaO*_. ''Miniver cheevy born too late - scratched his head
and kept on thinking - miniver coughed called it fate - and kept on
drinking Jx ~H# x~Q Hq ~a#<.
J"iH "=iH Hq ~|~

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=z# @O|O"_. << H#~q. L^QO. iaH< =K\ =ke
Hei "_. _"H\H ~ Z_@~_. @\xH ^
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K^= W+O^. <Q Kkq k_ _~=`
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èH , Ke O K"_. \ ^H}O, K , |@ q xK_.
H~< x O# O K"_. H # ~ ~\xH k~_.
W~"H # PO+~ == ^~_<_. ~ qx K^# K QKe.
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233
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P~Ò. JH_ ~O_=k ''<~ P < _ O\ J~Ok.
WOQO_ #Oz J"iH K~ iH Q Hq JxOK<_. <@H `#
HqÒ *_OK_. ''I am going out to clean the pasture spring - I
will only stop to rake the leaves away - I shall not be gone long you come tooO\"< L<~. <~ <H =~~ ''Z |H P
nx`@ Zxqk "= Hq` ~_. ''Some say the world will
end in fire - some say in ice - from what I have tasted of desire - I
hold with those who favour fire - but if it had to perish twice - I
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forgot the copper heads and the assassin - in the dust in the cool
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and stare - no time to stand beneath the boughs - and stare as long
as sheep or cows - no time to wait till her mouth can - enrich that
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bloom - out into glooming and secret haunts - the flame cries come.
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prefer my strife, infinitely, to other people's peace, havens and
heavens J# Q P^~ ÔÒ ~<k. ''God deliver me from the
peace of this world. As for the peace beyond understanding, I find
it in conflict Jx =^#O K_.
''Something in me remembers - and will not forget - the
stream of my life in the darkness - deathward set - grief grief, I
suppose and sufficient - grief makes us free - to be faithful and
faithful together - as we have to be =O\ Hq` rq` ``x, `x
è*_.
W~" Zxqk =_= #= ''< JO_ =~ ~_. "^\
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248
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H@<_. D =O ~< ''~ ~+# " P PK# K_.
''|k HO> [ *#O Q J<_. ''My great religion is a belief in
the blood, the flesh, as being wiser than the intellect. We can go
wrong in our minds but what our blood feels and believes and
says is always true Jx ÔfHiOK_.
"^\ OK Ô ~< Ô`# WOQO_ ^H}O L#

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\_. nx =u~HOK~, |+iOK~, x+kOK~. P^xH OKO
qs` J<QiH`, =#H, PûH` =^ =Ò kOK `" D
#=. ''The source of all beauty and all real gentleness Jx
q=~Ha" H^ ~< =i =# _.
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OK ^ ~~ H^ XH\ Q XH ~ <K~ K H^ _ WO^
LOk. H = OQ ~ < P~Q O ` y Òk. q s ` " # Xu _ , =
iOKH`<_. ''h J< Hq` ~ùx " H@s P~~ *
K O\OQ# P~OK~ O`. "~=x ~< ''Trying to
fulfill his living wholeness and his living union HO ~< L<_.
''For one man, as for flower and beast and bird, the supreme triumph is to be most vividly alive Jx =#iQ #q# ~< =x+
01031930# W@bx "x P^ P Jx H# OK i"~ # #
J~^ = =~}Oz J=~_<_.
rq`HO # H ~_ ~<. ''A body of creative
fiction, poetry and plays and controversial works as studies in classic American literature. Psycho analysis of the un conscious,
Pornography and obscenity and aseries of autobiographical travel
books. A long record of suffering, agony and ecstasy. Almost
Lawrence touched was translated into a struggle, a death and resurrection of the flesh - He wrote as though his throat were choked
in its own crimson
XH `~x qÒ K# ~< ''`èH O @< z=ik J< =O`

L_ ~HO` =# H` ~_. J`xk ''K`#j P`<+}. J`x
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fH. ~< ''One realm we have never conquered - the present,
250
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one great mystery of time is terra incognita tous - the instant. The
most superb mystery we have hardly recognized - the immediate
instant itself Jx `# x +O K_. P^xH` ~` =#=`#
^~O KHO@ iqH Qu P^~# |e @O@# =*x

*Q$Ò K_ ~<. ''PiH WO>y\, "~ i< L# a\+ ~K~`
WOw+ #= = "~_. q@< "eb =O` ~_. ~< =~}O
`~"` J`x P~^~ H^s< H~" ~< ~~ O\ "i ~
q=~ n@Q =^#O KOk. P H _ 1932 q_^# ~<
L`~ OzH ~< "x HiOK_. `# =<"# z` KHQ
~O\ K =H ~ z # K` ~_# z`H~_ ~<. ''Pictures of real beauty
and great vitality Jx "K<~. rqÒ =_ =O` îÔ`,
|~ OK~O` Q_# ^~^$+=O`_ ~<. O^ POQ H<
`xH Q ^Ô K# "_ ~<. J_ _ =u~HOQ ~<,
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252
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#z P ^~} ~_. JO^ XH < ''The apparition of these faces
in a crowd - petals on a wet - black bough
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perfection - we shall get ourselves rather dislike - the gilded phaloi
of the crouses - are thrusting at spring at spring air JO@ P"
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" q@< "# =u~HOz< HqH ^Q~_ O_. ''It was
you that broke the new wood Jx "K_. `# `H`# ~A=
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253
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HO $+OzOk. nx '' "~ ~~ J<~.
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` <_. ''k e\ i= Z_@~ J_. "^\ O K Ô ~OO
HQ~` H~_ ~eOK_.
''A positive document of sensibility - is compact of the experience
of a certain man in a certain place at a certain time and is also the
document of an epoch, a genuine tragedy and comedy JxOz
P~ =@ ''rq` q=~ (H\ [O P ) J~Ok. HO\ q+

P^~} =zOk. ^^ uH ~_ nxx. =O^ J^# Ju^
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254
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J<_.
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i=}`, H} zuOK# Jx +OQ K_. XH xi+ }oH Ô
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''Hang it all Robert Browing - there can be but the one
"Sordello" - but Sordello and my Sordello - lo sordels sifo di Mantovana - so shu - churned in the sea
1924 < =ke ~ ~ _ _ . ` `y `= iQ~.

J"iH _O\ *~< HO> W@b xO` =eh *=x "z
[O# =iOK_. ~" #Q~O ~_ =\_` J"iH# K_u\_.
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J_. 1945 " J~ K "+OQ< fHK~. =~}tH _^ Hx
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" q@< <H`# ^ x~# è*~. 1958 " @ #O_
q_^ W@b "o _. W@bx `# O_ è JO@ û \
K ''J"iH XH z" ~}O J<_.
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=~=_, ^| OÔ , "` $+O z #`# e H =~^ i J~, ZOî< qÒ
K_ Z*O_. J# O_ =~x WOH xQ `~. '' Pound
could not teach his followers what to say, but he had a great talent
for showing them how to say it Hq`x OwÒ ~OQiOz ~_.
''Possessed of a sense of sound, an "ear" for words, imbuing his
poetry with melopoeia. O@~ ~O\ ^#O WK_. ''O^
255
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Hq`< ~_. Z< J#"^ K ~ O^_. ''As a translator,

Pound was a pioneer with a great gift of language and an incisive
intelligence. The leitmotifs in Pound's literary criticism are recurrent patterns found in historical events, which, he believed, through
the use of judicious juxtapositions illuminate truth, and in them he
reveals forgotten writers and cultures, he sought to emphasize the
value of art and to "aestheticize" the political. He rejected traditional rhetoric and created his own. 1967 conversation with Allen
Ginsberg, Pound told the young poet, "my poems don't make
sense". He went on to call himself a moron, to characterize his
writing as stupid and ignorant. "a mass". Ginsberg reassured Pound
that he "had shown us the way", but Pound refused to be mollified. Any good I've done has been spoiled by bad intensions - the
preoccupation with irrelevant and stupid things. (he) replied. Then
very slowly, with emphasis, surely conscious of Ginsberg's being
Jewish. 'But the worst mistake I made was that stupid, suburban
prejudice of anti-semitism =# KOQ z=iH O <_ O_.
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256
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''Let us go then if you and I - when the evening is spread out against
the sky JO@ Q Hq` Jk. ''My life is measured by coffee spoons
JO\_. ''Do I dare - disturb the universe? - and should I then
presume? - and how should I begin? Jx tOK_.
= <Q ~# ''" O_ Hq` ~ _O, ~~, Hi#
u+O K_. WO^ *H , HiH L<~. H
x\ KOlH =^#O
J<~. O_< #Q~ [#rqÒ L# ''T~ H` ^~#" Wk. u K\ L#
K=# Hx\_. Hq`# =H =HQ K ~_. JO^x H
QxH =i# "~<~. WO^ tk z<~. '' =#+
x[~O K_QO. Jh H~# OKx KO. ''Paralysed force,
gesture without motion, men figures stuffed with straw, gather on
stony soil in a valley of dying stars Jx H^x o# HO H_`#,
Ôx =*x KOK_. ''This is the way the world ends - this
is the way the world ends - this is the way the world ends - not
with a bang but a whimper Jx =_ =@ QO@H\ O K i=x
K_.
H=OQ J#Hx =~ We\ HeQ~. <@H ~K~ ` J_.
''k ~H _= ~_. =~~ W< k H^_# ~O\ ^= `Qx Q~
K ~_. qb i x<, HH> s, k Hx_O+ H~, k Z~
\ =< =#H ^@, ^ =^ Hey, O z` ~_.
257
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J~" ''H<~\" Z~ \ =< JxOKH<_. H=x +"# ~O`

`# Hq`# iH~ KH<_. q.Z.K\ We\# ''A trim anti Bohemian with black bowler and umbrella, the well-known symbol of
male respectability, ushering us to our seats in hell =iOK_.
gO_Q ''~ H~~ q_^ K_. Q H

O J<_. Hx JO`Q ^. XH _*< WOH _*< He~ Qlal
J~Ok. ''@_+< JO_ WO_q_= >O\ ` q=~ K_. J~"
P^xH Hq`xH =~^~#O K#O^ < * xK~. <Q= *i P~~
P "i\ ^#O K_. ''The process of advancement is interesting,
one seems to become a myth, a fabulous creature that does not
exist, one does not feel any different though, it is not you get bigger to fit the world, the world gets smaller to fit you Jx HQ
OkOK_. _ P# XH OlO x~OK~. J`x =O

_[# Q H `K~. ''H` H\ H# ''=< *_ H\ H J<~.
g\ ''Good poetry must exhibit several qualities in proportion of
which one is good sense Jx Hq` ~==k K_. "^`@ =`
"h *_OK_. ''H_ Z Hq`x QiOz K ~_. ''HqÒ
OKx H` ^$+` KOk. JO^ H` Q# è*Ok.
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z=iHO PeH J~ ''iO l" iO l" JO@ ''l"# *O
=O@ `Q `Q"_. 04011965# WOQO_ =~}O K_. P# kàH
O_< \ H~~ " qx~ P XH ^ t# LOz Q~qOK~.
=sx L *" *~ "^# "ix qÒ K_. P^xH Hq`
=~î \.Z.We\, ~f "^ q+ ''Ô, ÔÒ ^=Ô "^#
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258
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O` HO` =Oz`#O
^ =^ qHOk. +` iyOk. x _q_ `~ #q#@ ''The
mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation was now obvious to
every one. D H= |\ O ~}, e >#<
Q~ # ". HO^~
D ^# iH~ K HO^~ JqHH qi "|_~. =i HO^~

<xH ^_~. "ix QiOK W_ =#O `H`<O.
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^x. ''Factories bred them - corporate compa
nies, college towns - mothered his mind, and
many journals - backed his beliefs. He was
born here. The - bravura of revolvers in
259
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voguenow - and the cult of death are at home - inside the city.
`#Hx J`kH qÒ K# "^q, ~K~` P_<. i>~ _H~ `~Ò.

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Jx K_. ''J"iH Uk [~QÒ^ OK=O`\ J^ [~QÒk Jx
#=HOQ K_. ''J"iH< JH_g P P~ JO_ @~ J"~ O^@"H^
JO^ `x _ Ok Q~=O OK<_. e@~ * =zOk.
J<H Hr x=i\ kOK_. ''O_< >" P_< `
`H OzH "=iOzOk.
1956 =m WOQO_ "o HiK_. =^ Pi `~` PH~
''K~ P \ #O O^_. Hq`, <@H ~< LO_ J~^
O\ `K_. <~< "` He ''\ P k WOw+ OQ*# ''U
|H P "_~< J"iH< "~ H `K_. ''k ZOK_ _ _
~_ He_. ~, =x < "e, _~~, E "~ =Q~ Z<
L<eK_. ~_, , "~, =O>Q, S<<, H~Q~ "^#
"i Hq` J_. ''Hq` Un J#~O H^ Jx K~ ~A= K_.
POQ Hê[O =~## ZO_Q\_. ''P< k SO_ OH " +OQ
L<~. Hx K@ ZO` L^ÒQ ~, =i Hx~ gk ~_Q "O|_OK_.
260
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
'' k Q~#~ D* k <

''Law says the judge as he looks down his nose - speaking
clearly and most severely - law is as I have told you before - law
as you know suppose - law is let me explain it once more - law is
the law [ H$uH Hq Hx_. ''But in my arms till break
of day - let the living creature lie - mortal, guilty but to me - the
entirely beautiful eiH Jx_ . H` *_#, ` q^< ~_.
<#"`# <QiH` #O_ HkQ =` ^$+H =_. #~ U_

`~ =#=e U_ ^ KOK_. Oy# OKx K ''Intellectual
disgrance - stars from every human face - and the seas of pity lie locked and frozen in each eye Jx H` KO^_. P# HqÒ ^#
î KOk. ''XHi XH~O = KOKe H Kz"e Jx ^Q

~_. ''In the deserts of the heart - let the healing fountain start in the prison of his days - teach the freeman how to praise Jx
~"e# =~# PtOK_ P_< ''P"<.
=, ~[HO, =Ò, hu, ~Ò, Hr Q e` >HH`
~_ P_<. J`x " Z< _"O@i e O# ` ~ K~. ''< ~
|, ''J << \ [<, O|~ , ''~l | Hq` W\H Kkq
~} O^`<~. J"iH $Ô ^ "o# HqQ P^xH H=
Q"_Q qOK~. < * ZOH_ Hx ~^. 29091973#
J~" P~ = Px q< Kx_. O_< " qx~
P ~H zO LOK~. W~"= `| Q ~K~` XH_ P_<.
X~ e|~ ~ "# |OQ \Q K_.
OH <O HO ~_# < O_~
P_<` eOH L#"_ < O_~. 2802
1909 O_< [~< E~+Q POQ Pil< [xO
K_. Ò_ ~ O_~ Q [~e. è ''=
\ ~. k_ Hq a# K<
=kOz rqOK_. PH~ x=i\ Hl Kkq
261
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
P_< J\ J_. H=x s Ki "i x~O^ q^<x ZkiOz

|@_ ''k Q_ ^\ è*_.
O^qk ^~}OQ ''<< ZHi"O\# ~ O_ O\Q
=kOz, ~O_ `~` ''>O\ " JK "_. g# u~iOz<
q^ "o ~< ''WO@~<+# ~@~ H#~< <_. Hx
< LO_ x+ e H= ~K## J#"Ô K_. "^\ ~
q_ez x #\ e`<# ~ O_ o K <_. ''k ~[ < uH#
q`_` He #_ ~ O_= O K Ô `~K Q J"iH "o L<eK_.
1953 WiOQ H` He ''Z<O@~ J< JO`~f =uH# ''HOQ
~ H~ _O PiH O` #__. =Hb# =< OkOz
Z=Q ~_. ''k O_ x~ U~ _O Hq` ''More beautiful
and soft than any moth - with burning furred antennae feeling its
huge path - through dusk, the air - liner with shut off engines Jx
[ =~# K_.
''P^xH HqÒ O`x riOKH"e J# ~ H< JaO`
UHqOK_. OÒ _ K@, @, @, = O\^ J<_. OHuH
O|# HqÒ " \_ . OÒ "#H L# "x J~O K H"<_.
''<\ =#=x OÒ H "x è_. ''Drink from
here energy and only energy - as from the electric charge of a
battery H$ux ~OQ Y HiOKH"x H~_. ''_` @ k
H~ aOyOQ \ @ J<k J`x ÔÒ. ''< Ze"O@i H ~"

W< U O =#= _## zuOK_. ''How that works, money, interest building, could ever hide - the palable and obvious love of man
for man JO\_. hu =# K# D ^~}OK \~. J_
L<O J~Ok Hq`. ''Poet Laurance Consultant in poetry to the
United States Liberty of Congress in 1965 J_. 16071995#
Z# P~= U@ O_< Kx_. W~== `| q*<x JOkOK\xH

< O_~ H U~_ = KOk. OH <O HO ~_# Hq,
~K~` O_~.
262
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Qa@ ^~^
H` q=~ =~O "# qeO ZO<

''~=O\H W~+<e\ ~_#"_ qeO
ZO<. HqQ HO> ~K~`Q ^_. 2709
1906 ~+~ \, q<~, HOa_x =Qb<
Hl Kkq Q}Ò ^# q+OQ _w O^_.
''"< > P OaQ\ J< "^\ Hx W~"
<Q =kOK_. ''# H\ [O <k ~~ "_. uH =
#O_ \K~. \H, K<, WOQO_, J"iH HiK_. = aa
L^y J~, U_k `~` Kh + L< ~ [~ J_. ''HH_
" i@ ~O_ Hq` OH< a+ K_. P `~` =K<xH
iq`"<_. ''Johnson could see no bicycle would go - you bear
yourself, and the machine as well "gannets for germans not from
othello - and ixion rides upon a single wheel Jx [~Q=#H#q
[~Q`<x è*_. =Oz =HQ, Q \K~Q ZO< ^_.

15041984# 77 = =~}OK_. + e\H =" K_.
''Empson's Milton's God is often described as a sustained attack
on Christianity and defence of Milton's attempt to 'justify God's
ways to man' in Paradise Lost. ^ x ~K# He ~_.
** Ow`xH î "# Z_` >

07091887 ~|~ \Ok. PH~}
H =u. ''H< , ''k =_< Q, ''H_
O\ ~ KiOzOk. H ~x OQ
xiOKH#k. P^ J< Hq` ''Jane, jane - tall as
crane - the morning light creaks down again
JO@ #~i ~OQ ~Ok. J~ =` H#` `
~^x, T`HOQ ~Ok. ''~ |
''When - sir - Bleezebub called for his syllabub in the hotel in hell
- where Proserpine fell - blue as the grandarmerie were the waves
of the sea JO@ H HO qi KOk.
263
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
# P~= U@ Z_` ~ \ P O_< `H O Wz Q~qOzOk.

~O_= Ze[` ~} ''_" H=O_~ P k a\+ ZO~# KOk. ~=<
HêH J~Ok. HqÒ`@ q=~ QO^ Z" ~Ok. rq`Ki`
~ iH~ $+OzOk. J<H PO^r ~Ok. 09121964# _ U_
= =~}OzOk. ''Hythms of the tom - tom and of jazz, and
shows considerable technical skill. $[#` JOîH ^Q~Ok.
Qje q_ F"<
"^\ OK Ô H` `~ H=#
iKO KOk. <"# Ô ^x = Q
"kOzOk. JO^ q_ F"< Q =O
KOK_. ~ 18031893 \# F"< O_<
x=i\x |~<_ W<@
\ Ki Kkq @@~
J~, Ô x_Q Ki Q_` "~ @ K~~. `\ k`_
Q_ < ~}` HqÒ ~@O ~OaOK_. U_k `~` "<
O \ O~. H$ `xH qe@s H J"~ O^_. "~ H <
`# |$O^x ~HOK x Kx_. < |@\# "`` ^~<
HqQ HxH iK"<_. =O^ =@Q ''This book is not about
heroes. English poetry is not yet fit to speak of them, not is about
deeds or lands not any thing about glory, honour or dominion except war - above all this book is not concerned with poetry, the
subject of it is war, and the pity of war, the poetry is in the pity Jx
x*x ''Q< \Q K_.

F"< WOw+ "~ Q K_. P_< O_~ "^# H=
=~x J#iOK_. J`x HqÒ z=i ~A *Q "eyOk. H\
=kx îOz ~# Hq` HêOKOk. ''Move him into the sun gently in touch awoke him once - at home whispering of fields
unsown - always it woke him even in France - until this morning
and this snow - if anything might rouse him now - to kind old sun
will know.
04111918# F"< < Kx_. ~_ =O L# Hq.

264
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''OÒ ~ _" ` Hq` J^`"#k. ^ #uH JÔ\ #

HqÒ ~_.
WO_q_=e Hq ~|~ Q"
''WO_q_=e J~# ~|~ Q" Si+ Hq
=~_ 26071895 O_< \, PH~
Hl ~+ ` Kkq x=i\ K~ O_
~ " ~ ~ #"^ KHx
"^\ OK Ô xK =_ Hq` OH< `K_. ~O\
* _w Ok Dl "o H~~ x=i\ WOw+ ~ J~, U_kH
|\Hz h, WOQO_h =k_. XH Hx J"iH Hq ~ ~ _ O Q`
He J<H q=~<`H " ~ O\ K_. ''Q_ @ P ^\ J<
Ki` ~<_. J<H Ki`H #= iQ ~_. wH "^r
g^ "A U~_ ''HxOQ q* =Q~ ~_. O_, We\, P_< "^#
"i q~K __. g# '' Q_ P "_~< \ Jx xOkOK_.
''\_ Hq` '' Trudge body and climb, trudge and climb - but not
to stand again on any peak of time - trudge body - I will cool you,
body, with hot sun that draws the sweat - I will warm you body
with ice - water that stings the blood - I will enrage you, body with
idleness, to do - and having done to sleep the long night through
trudge body.
Wk K^ =Ò> `""O P~^ Hq` ''` " `

*HO =Ok. O_< " qx~ P ~H Hx LOz Q~qOK~.
"_i Hq " "<
=Hb# =`, PO^#` qy~#
" "< P^xH Hq`xH HOKO ^~"<_. ~H
^xOz ÒKH< Ò K_. ZH\"Q
LO_#H<_. JH|~ ~O_ 1879 _K, [~<
@O|O xxx s_OQ \_ . ~~ x=i\ Ki O^
<\ ~_. ~O ^#`xK_. ~~ J_H\ _ O\"O@
265
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
@ ~_. #~ Kkq ~ _ H<H H \ "o ~ ~ H_O\

JO_ WO_q\ W#~< HOx bQ J_ ~ J_. J~^
^xH "< _O\ J_. _ J~^ = 02081955=~
JO^< L^yOK_.
Ô^ =#`xH W+_^. ''I prefer to think just a man,
not a poet part time businessman the rest Jx x~=@OQ K_.
# <Q U_ =K^H ~K## KiOK^. <Q Hq` =Ò ''U
"Q*< P "~ =K~. `q^ `~` "^\ HO ''~xO
`~` ''S_ P P~~, ''k =< q` k | y\~, ''~ P U =~,
''\<~ @ =~ =Q~# KiOK_. <+# |H J"~` @ e@~
|=u O^_. ''F = 1957 q_^ K_. ''`s< " P
HOQ Z\ U H |~ Hq` ''I donot know which to prefer - the
beauty of inflections - or the beauty of innuendos Jx O^_`
~_. ''k ZO~~ P SHO, ''k =~ Z\ "< Q\, ''k HK< H
"^# Hq` O^~ kH L^~}. ''The poem must resist the
intelligence almost successfully Jx Ja__. ''The body's
death and beauty's deathlessness KHx Hq` ~ "OK_ "<.
''Beauty is momentary in the mind - the fitful tracing of
portal - but in the flesh it is immortal - the body dies, the body's
beauty lives - so evenings die in the green going - a wave interminably flowing JO@ QÒk P Hq`. qeO Hq` ''Not of the
second part of life - they don't make the visible a little hard to see
Jx JOK< "~. ''He employed every nuance of rhetoric dissolving imagery and paradoxical epigrams to achieve a mystical reality - a supreme fiction to move his readers in the direction of fact
as we want it to be
J"iH< "_i \Q QiO O^_. 02081955#

H<H H \ x ~ ~ =~}O K_. =#HH "" xH L# O|OÔ Z=Q
~_. J`x W=l<+< JO` H H^, "== H^<~. Wk _Q L#
q+O H^. Hx rqÒ x*x, ^x JO`~~x Hx> ~# J<+}
q^#O.b
266
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 54
P^ xH` fH# *_Oz# Hq

qeO H~ qe"
" "O `_, Ja=x J~< J`x " #Kx"_
qeO H~ qe". rqÒx J"x qOz, U HiH# =^H
J#qOK_. ''No ideas but in things J#^ ÔÒ. qe" #
*sx ~`~ 17091883# [xOK_. ~ O\ WOw+, O K @O
KOk#". E~+ ~HO =#"_. è HêHQ Ò_ Zi<Q
qe"# OK~. #~ ~=< Kkq, @~O_
"_< Ki xx x=i\ i K ZO._ _w O^_. W~"
=_` "^\ Hq` OH#O `K_. ~< ~<# o KHx W^~
H_# Hx, XH H_# _H~# K_.
W"l O_# J#HiOK_. H=OQ J"iH< *fH
=Yqz ~_. '' H< P " q_^ K_. nxH =O^
=@ ~# "< ''The passion of anti poetic is a blood passion and
not a passion of ink-pot J<_. "= J""# He ~# f~
QO^x "K_. O\"O\# O\ \H# He ~O_ q~^
XHK@ #O HeOK_. _ J~^ = J~^ Q H ~
KiOK_. J<H ~~, Q~" O^_. JO^ Qk e<<
J"~. nxH J~^ " _~ i`+HO O^_. ZH_q P J"iH<
\ + O^_. ''|H @ P @~< <+# |H J"~ =zOk.
267
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''=~ k , ''\H, ''U Q_ <\ "^#q =HQ`"# P<\

"~ Hq`. Jx\x qOK Q H}O qe"O_k. =Ò èx
Hq. xH~xk LO^ Jx P~"_. `x tOK~x #u`
~@O J`x `H`. ~ "~ |*~ "~ Jh HqÒ kQeO^. nx
''If Williams errs on the side of objectivity, he uses those objects,
fragments and disjointed documents to attain fresh and startling
immediacyQ Ja=iOK~. 04031963# _ `q^ =
Kx_. _H~Q HO> ~K~`Q< Z= = K_. x` rq` O@#

qe" Hq` ==. ''Poetry is equipment for living a necessary
guide amid the bewilderments of life Jx qOK_. "_i*x
W"l[O` HQe ~#"_ H~ qe".
S~h q\ H=~u =i< =~
=i< HQ =~ J"iHx qix
~O\ ~ 15111887 [xOzOk.
|< =~ Kkq a.U <Q, >OQ, |H
HOQ, WOw+ H=i # xx kOzOk.
#~ _< ~ OKH JO\Q =_ xKOk. OÔ,
û L# =x`. "^\ Hq` OH#O ''" O_<# ''J|~+<#
`~` KiOz ~O_= ^xH ''_ J"~# HqÒ qt+ = OkOk.
1944 ''HO>Oi ~\ @< *# OkOk. zHQ =i\ #O_
u`H i\ =< \ ~~O JO^H#k. QQ< O +
Q~=O OkOk.
1951 KiOz# ''HH_ " eO*, <+# |H e@~
* # Q KHOk. ''<+# W<@ \ P \ JO_ @~ #O_ ~ ` H O
JO^H#k. ''WO^~ LO_Q < Hq`xH Wx J"~ ZO^H<~ <
J~O H=@O ^. < x~` < Hq` HqÒ LOk Jx QiOz#O^
H$`[` Jx KOk.
=~ HqÒ ''~_H Z=. JO`HO > P HO Q ~#"~
~. P" ~# "\x ZO^~ LîOK"~. JO^H P"k ''[~ H
268
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
"^_ J<~. W<=~_ H= LO_ A P" `HO. ''=_ g

P" OHuH PkÒ `H ~x KiOk. HqÒ Ow`" LO_^ ~O_
=_~ Kkq J~O KH"e. `# ~# un ''The chief interest is
borrowed and since I have not been able to overgrow this hybrid
method of composition, acknowledgements seem only honest Jx
x*~fx H\ OzOk. P" HqÒ èq`@, ~zH~ ~ #O_ <uH

x*~f ~H KiOk. ''This is a poetry made of personal notations,
verbal niceties, and preserved curiosities, but it is also playful,
surprising and as penetrating as it is exquisite Jx P" Hq`x
q+OK~. 05021972# 84U = =~}OzOk. Z* O_#

Ja=xOz< P# =~`# =u~HOzOk. J"iH "_i H=~u,
~K~uQ =Oz QiO OkOk. S~h q\ Jx`~ ^ HqèOk.
==î` iqH q=O Hi# Hq *< ~#O l\" L^=O
*< ~#O J"iHx >x
30041888 \_. \+ Si+ =OO "_.
Ò_ qx~. s '' HH H< O KOk#
"~. _w Ok >x <+qx "O_~ a
x=i\ PH~x H Hl iK
J"iH =z "O_~ a H~ J_. WH_ ''l\" Q# U~@
K_. O^~ <<"` O`H \~. U_k =Y
^~Ok. == "}[ Pî` iqH Qu ~"x H~~. ''S q
>H " O_ J< OlO x~OK~. g ^H} ~" JO^Hx
x _~. ^xH x|^x H\ OKHH=@= W|Ok HeyOzOk.
WO^x ''J< \> =Y Hq, ~K~` J_. _< _q_< xH`,
Ki` ~O_ QO^ ''k >< ~ ~_. " "~ Oe,
''J"iH< <\# ~_. ~|~ < e@~ |=u ''q Hq`
OH<xH O^_. l\" JO> #O z`yOK"~x, J~ =#x
J~O.
l\" L^=O =Y \ | =_#@ H#=~QOk. ~#O
269
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Qa@ ^~^
Xx QOa~ Ki H < Hl \ ~ J~, H < i= ~

Z_@~ _ J_. H
q=~, q+} K"_^ Q J<~. ~K#` @ ^x |~Ò K
ij<`H"<, i^<`H"# q+}H ^#`xK~. ''Poetry to be
written not to delight but to dissect Jx +O K~. nx Ok
We\ ''Thirty three years ago it seems to have been the latter type
of criticism, the impressionistic - that ha caused the annoyance I
felt when I were on "The functions of criticism", today it seems to
me that we need to be more on guard against the purely explanatory
Jx +OQ K_.
WO+x[O g^ q~H KOk< ~=< =Ò i ZH< @ iH =u~H .
J`x '' \", ''*O\ "HOQ, ''| Q~ "^# Hq` Q K~O
KO^~. K=# _ ''HO@~ \ Qq\Q qOK_. ''Here lies a lady
of beauty and high degree - of chills and fever she died, of fever
and chills - to delight of her husband, her aunts, an infant of three
- and of medicos marveling sweetly on her ills Jx JkHOK_.
=# T~@ He QKO@ LO_@ ~_. ''His inflection is both
nervous and drawling, a patrician softness of speech that mingles
cavilier grace with diablerie Jx J` x H q `x s A " ~ .
03071974 Z# P~= U@ Xx QOa~ =~}OK_.b
270
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 55
=< Hq H<_ SH<

J"iH *ix =< H<_ SH< 05081889 \_.
=Hb# H= Ow`x =k ^< @Hx @ kOK_. ^_
Ò_ èx KO P`` K<_. nx` rq`=O` qK~" qyeOk.
XH ^~ |O^= =K\ fHx "oOk. WH_ rqÒÒ L<_.
~~ K~_. We\ W`x H"\. Q_\ J=Q< H#_< J=~
* =H<# __. =Q~ . Hk\ PÔ` @O| +}
K_. HqÒ ^$+ \ O` Q K ''Z~ @OO \ H O `K_.
`~` ''@~ JO_ =g# ~O_=kQ fHK_.
= WOQO_ " H Q_, ~~ "o ~O_ o Kx,
=k =_ _ WOQO_ K~_. =K\< LO_
"#<_. ''k #~~ uH O_< qHiQ L<_. Zxq^H~
O H<_. Q~", ~~ "O@_~. H_ " e@~
=zOk. <+# |H J"~` @ Hq`xH |OQ~ `HO _ =zOk.
=K#O ~< Hq`xH fH@. ''q~ P~i# Q PîOK~. ''He
relies too much on the hypnotic power of his smooth phrases. XH
_[< =@`< qs`x $OK <~# Hq. WOy+ ~=O\H HqÒx
=lH# Q "__. u^x` _# Ow` # "_ K= WO,
=# ~ HeyOK_. ''Zx+< Hq` # QO\~. ''These
are the secret and I could hate you - when as I lean for another kiss
- I see in your eyes that I don't meet you - and that love is this Jx
271
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
= +O K_. 1973 PQ k_# Z# <Q U@ Kx_.

''LO\ J< rq` Ki` ~<_. #=H~_Q =Oz ~Ok.
JO^ o, $OQ~O, JOQ~O Jh ~OQiOK_. =uqÒ H~
P`` `xH __. ''\ \ P J"iH SH< "^\
''+b ""i J"~xzOk.
"^\ i< HOQ Hq, ~K~` Pi "H+
We<~ Q<~ 1892 " U_#
\_ "H+. O_ =#O` xO__.
q@< TiOK_. O_|~ =*xH Ty_.
\+ =~O\ H_ "H+ ~~ Z x
=i\ Kkq "^\ OK Ô
PiiQ Ki `~` < J\s J_.
=_ `~"` ''Q# q OwÒ _ ''J_
KHH#o Kx, q^ "o J"iH uiy=z O Hx H<HH\
\ J_. aH Q~ JxOK<_. ~ < "Q*< Ki xK,
HOQ i< J~, ~O_= OK Ô x[ x~~} Hq\H _~H~
J_. _O\ ~*" PO`~OyH |$OÔ XH_, `~` JO\
H@i P \ ^q kOK_. ~O_= Ô K~H# ` +OK_
"H+. ~~ ''~< ~ P P~@i JO_ ~@iHH ~ J_.
Wx ^= Ok =YO L< ~K# P^. ^xqk Hq` H,
J<H <@H, " ~ Z< ~[H OQ K_. =_~
e@~ |=ux, <+# |H J"~# O^_. [ W+"#k, `y#n
~zH~OQ ~ =O_ =_OK_. u`@ J^$+O L# ~K~`. ''And
there over heard there thee hung over - those thousands of white
faces those dozed eyes - there in the starless dark, the poise, the
hover - there ith vast wings across the canceled skies - there in the
sudden blackness, the black pall - of nothing nothing nothing at
all Jx ''k ZO_ P k =~ Hq` QQ =iOK_. ''The library,
almost alone of the great monuments of civilization, stands taller
now than it ever did before. The city... decays. The nation loses
272
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
its grandeur.. The university is not always certain what it is. But
the library remains, a silent and enduring affirmation that the great
Reports still speak, and not alone but somehow all together... Jx
QO^ qt+`# K\ K_. HO JO> ''i~ J< qi P kOQ

Jx x~zOK_.b
273
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Qa@ ^~^
''~OQ H= =K@ 56
> QH e W.W.HqOQ
J"iH Ò ''_ JxOK#"_ W.W.HqOQ.
1894
JH|~ ^Q# =K\x H Oa_ [xOK_. Ò_ qx~ HH=O^
~~ \K~. HqOQ _ ~~ Kkq ZO.U <_. "^\ OK
Ô JO|< s K, <~ ~@ = =_ < _>#<
HO LO_e =zOk. n< ''Z<~ ~" q=iOK_. WkHH Hx
" O@e `K_. ''@e JO_ zg J<k "^\ Hq` OH#O.
nx z=~ =~Q K <@ ~_. WO^ K q~^ Hx~.
=@ HH ^#O WK_. r JO` MmQ Hk # =`" LO_@
~_. L^~} a tall
Wind
Is dragging
The
Sea
With
Dream
S
Wk K XH J_~ * " O\ û Jx O k. J~" = P~=O^ Hq`#

i " i@ q_^ K_. `"\< H` `~ K_. OQ,
_`, ~* Hq` Je x~H OQ O+} ~O ~ `H` K_.
J~" U_ 1962 O |~ =_# =~}O K_. Ki` #= <@H
~ ~O@~Q _ M`_<_. ~_H q< "_< iaH<Q<
274
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QiO|__. HqÒ | ~O#, ZH+H ~O# ~_ Hx. =,

H$u< Z=Q ~_. W"l =O` =O^ ~< `~` OK
H= `H"# ''__~[O# Ja=xOz ~_. JO`, KO^
JO`Q q= W=^. J`xk ''>QHe Z|~O\ JO\~. 2.900
Hq` O_OK_. P~ U@< Ò_ Hq` ~_. ''Father dear - be your
father good and good - it is good - it is not good to see it rain.
''Z<~ ~" J< P\|QH #= ~_.
HO_ "@~ Hq ~ H<
W"*# HO^HiOz, JOH~` JOHiOz
H= Q~"x HeOz HqÒ ~#"_ ~ H<.
''HO_ "@~# i~O K_. WO^
''Comparisions were stripped to their skeletal ideas,
he spoke of as an instinctive "logic of metaphor" which he claimed
antedated our so called pure logic and which is the genetic basis
of all speech Jx ^x q=~} WK~ q+.
J"iH Xx Q~\ q 21071899# \ O #O_

JOu`< Q__. J_ Ò_ H"O_ @Ox =i èÔ_e^~
q_~. è< =iOK_ H<. W`~ P^~_@O W+Ox H< rqÒ
<#"~O^#<_. J<H z# L^Q K z=iH +O_ i~~Q
L<_. Ò_H W+OH~< Hq`xH JOH`"_. L^Q K~@O
T_=@O` x~H OQ ~Q uiQ_. qsÒQ `Q_ J"@ _,
^~ O_ ~ JO` K_uiy, J==# ~O` Oy` u"`
\_` `Q^ _` Q__.
W~" U_ "^\ HO ''"\ aeOQ =kOK_. J`x J"
Hq`Hx QiOK~. HqÒ "~ "iOK_. O K Oe =O
Q L#"_. O` ^# ''H~O\, HOH" O\, a< <i WO<|,
aiOu, H, Q îH, \<O~"O\, Hi= "^# =@#
$+OKx ''=~ O_~ J_. W~" ^` X\ K H H< }oH
H=#O` PiH O K_. nx` ''k a_ J< ^ H =^} [iyOk.
275
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
`~` ''q` P J"iH ~_. *f O|, *O_, ~ Ki`, *#^

w`, P^xH OHuH` Jh He H=su ~_. WO^ H, _H#<,
"eb, q@< "^# "~Oîh He H_ su iHQ ~_.
'' H#` ~#@xOk.
~` _< H=@" H< Hq`xH H~ WzOk. "`HOQ,
z``HOQ ~ g HeyOk. XH Hq` z`x KÔ
''Stick your patent name on a sign board - brother - all over
going west - young man tintex - japalac - Certain - teed Overallas
ads - and lands sakes under the new pay bill ripped JO@ P~~
H He ~_. `# `~x qÒ K# H< = ~O_= U@ i_

H P`` KHx 27041932# Kx_.
''Finding both inspiration and provocation in the poetry of
T.S.Eliot, Crane wrote modernist poetry that was difficult, highly
stylized, and ambitious in its scope. The logic of metaphor is so
organically entrenched in pure sensibility that it can't be thoroughly
traced or explain outside of historical sciences, like philology and
anthropology
<@H ~K~` r Fh, HqOQ, \> "^#"~ H< Hq`xH

Hr J~.
ZeH Hq ~|~ "
~|~ > O " J"iH
=K\x < 01031917# [xOK_.
" =~ =# ''< < @OxH
KOk#"_. *" ~ " ``Q~. i@<
W< i"Q ^ _ . H < Hl Kkq *< ~#O ^Q~ HH K^ =<_.
~O_= OK Ô x ~ O| " KO@O <~=x... ^xH
=Ô ^ H#H Ô =^x "kOz Ô K\xH x~Hi * \
J~^ < `~` q_z\~.
^xH KO^x =#Ò L#"_. nx< ''O_ P J<H< HO
~_. WO^x Hq` `~"` ''~ gs Hl# K~_. ~O_ `~`
276
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
nxH e@~ |=ux O^_. # WOQO_ OQ `~~O^x

^_"_. W~" ~=< HêH J~ HqÒ huH ^#qz ~_.
= |i P HOQ Hq`xH H#O\ J_. Ze[` PiH J<
~K~ux o K<_. ''k q P k H=< ~_. HqÒ Q<
L<, W"* ^@"~, L^~}` "i ZuOk. J`xx
''Hqex[O, ''Hê [O =^ L# ~} u~OQ Hx HqÒ\~.
k HH~ Q" ~ Hq` ''"~< q< $u Hq`. ''When ever
winds are moving and their breath - heaves at the roped - in bulwarks of the pier the terns and the sea gulls tremble at your death
- in these home waters. Sailor can you hear? Jx "^\ $^
q^~HOQ ~_. " ûx ''ZeH "^_ J<~. =[O <uH

k" H~`<x U=yOK<_. ^xH OkOKx *ux u\_. ''"~ k
~< ZO_ Hq`
''Boston serpents whistle at the cold - the victim climbs the
altarsteps and sings - Hosannah to the lion, lamb and beast - who
fans the furnace - face of I.S. with wings - I breathe the ether of
my marriage feast Jx Ty` =#b Ty Hh~ Hi_.
"# _O_ >HH W~== `| HqÒ J"iH =~

^~}H î fOk. JO^H >O_ @~ J_. "~# `lOz =m `
^~}H =iOk. Hh =H= Q K< L<~. O^`#O
Q@<~. H~ ~ ~# ''q @~ JO_ J^~ ", ''@~ g~,
''>~~ JO_ _H~O, ''k_~ ~`, ''k "HOQ, ''Ze[` a+, ''<~ JO_
`, ''iK~ q|~, ''kOQ P k =~ Hq` e@~ |=` =K~.
1960 J"iH M` Hq J< QiO O^_ ". ''The poems
drift from one focus to another; they avoid the histrionic; they
sigh more often than they expostulate. They acknowledge
exhausion; they except death. She praises some of Lowell's descriptions, particularly his descriptions of impotence, depression,
and old age
277
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
x ~=O\H Hq _< ^=
P^xH H= `H <x Ok# _< ^=
`# x QiOz ''=< a U >O Hq` ''Up through
the lubber crust of Wales - I rocketed to astonish
- the flashing needle rock of squatters - the criers
of Shabby and Shorten - the famous stitch
droppers Jx K_. `#Q L#ÒQ Zky# Hq _x K<_. W~"
XH U@< OKx J^#O K J^H O =[O J<_.

1914 JH|~ 27 x KOk# " ~ WOw+ \K~ ~O_=
H_Q \# ^= ^Q "o K^=^. Q=~ K^=Q<
` " KOk# ''D"xOQ ~ i~~ J_. W~" ''\<
" ~ =kOK_. Kkq# u"_ J`x ''P@qHxH =Q ` q=~
''ie[O J<~. ~O_ `~` =iHx Hqè ''>O\ " "Q
KiOz =m k=uiQ@ K_. z#_ Ji z~Q ''_i HsQ LO_"_x
~_.
îHO< rq`=O` Q__ ^=. _| OkOK@O J
è< è^. [~eQ, #@_Q, ~@~Q, z=iH aH ~~~Q
_ Uk îH` Jk K @ <_. ~O_ `~` H\< =H=~#
_ =Q~ e O^_. H~~< +~ J< K > Ti ~__.
a.a. Hq`# Kk"_. 1950 J"iH "o ~O_H uiQz =m "_.
Hq`, @ O^~zÒQ, xÒQ, =QiÒ Q #\ , _ qx
_| OkOK_. J~O HH~< K=yOz qx P#OkOK"~. J"iH<
O` Q_# KH<_. #~ #=HO H~< ^~ Z"##
W+_`#<_. [<x Q Hq` qx, K@, HiO` H\OKO@
Q__. ''U \H _ W< " "Q, ''U ~ W = "^# "\
T`H"# =`H"# L<ez ~OlO K"_. ''I want to write
only poems of God's world - by a man who does not believe in
God Jx K_.
= J~^ ^@Q< `# ''=e z# # _iOQ _\OQ ^\OQ

S_ eOQ JO_ @` OQ Jx K<_. =_=x J"iH =z
278
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
''SQ~ \ q<` He X~ xKx < "<_. Hei

<ÔQ Kx x~O. WO`< J`x ''HH_ " q_^ <+<
$+Oz H |~ J~Ok. #~ P q[x = `q^= |~_Q
[~<_. Hx JH`Q [| K H J_. ~O\ q<O\
@ f "o< "^_ Q ^|ux " #Oz ~ =z# Hx
QO@< 1953 #=O|~ `qk# ^= =~}OK_.
Kx~# `~` ^= =O =s iyOk. J`x ~ J<H O
"e Q~"x K@<~. "~~ "\< *| ~ " JO^*#
i`+HxH H$`[` è* ''giz# QO_x ~ \+ k H<# J=O>
< "~O ~A QO aOz rqÒ Q_Ok. <O\ "_ Ku h
_ u~A rqOK@O ^~}O Jx rqÒÒ `# "O|_Oz# î^x
QiOz ^` K<_. HqÒ` @ P~ z# H^ H ~_.
JO^ ''~\ P k Pi * U OQ _Q, ''H\ Zi =< =iOQ
"^# H^ Q ~O^~. J`x ~K# O, H =~O, H
=Ò, K= q+. ''My world was chistened in a stream of milk
- and earth and sky were alone airy hill - I dreamed my genesis in
swear of sleep Jx ~_.
^= z=i ~K# ''JO_~ q=_ a.a. ~O H"eOk

J"iH 1953 ~"Ok. WO^ ~O_ Q ^= O` QO`H`
Kk"_. `# Hq` uÔ\# =x+ = ^=x O LO@O^x Jq
H` `# XH x~~H rq< J=`#x K_. K^=Ò> q+} JO^#O`
"QOQ ^Òk HqÒ. Jn J`x `H`. ''There was a cultural
time lag - gradually our ears grew accustomed to the logical dissonances of modern music and the disordinances of modern poetry
once this has been achieved, we will be able to evaluate the intrinsic importance of the work of the period. At this time, we will
know how much of modern poetry has permanence the wonder,
excitement and sustained power of enduring art Jx PK##
~HuOk _< ^= HqÒ.

''_<\ Q *O\ W< ^@_ <\, ''U _` + " < _qx<
Hq` '' ~~, ''JO_~ q=_ <@H K ^=# z~Orqx
279
~OQ H= =K@
Qa@ ^~^
K\xH. U ` =~ KO^x"_ ^=. ''x ~=O\H J<~.

~_ =O " *f =O L#"_. J"iH "o#_ ^= s
Hqè Kkq P#H qxOK_. " *f_< " *f` JO> J~+O.
" *f` '' ~O "~e\ O\k J<_. ^= L#k _O |~"
JO\~ HO^~. ZO`=Ok H=# qÒ K#"_ _< ^=. J`x
=k J`< ~# Hq`# KHOz LOK~ ''Oh! as I was young and
easy in the mercy of means - time held me green and dying - though
I sang in my chains like the sea
^= ~K# x=Q =K~.

Not for the proud man apart from the raging moon I write
on these spindrift pages nor for the towering dead with their
nightngales and psalms but for the lovers, their arms round the
griefs of the ages, who pay no praise or wages nor heed my craft
or art.b
280

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~OQ H= =K@

Purvaangla kavula mucchatlu

by Gabbita Durga Prasad

Ramya bharathi, Vijayawada

For Copies:Gabbita Durga Prasad

Sree Ram Offset Printers, vijayawada-2

_H~ N ~KHO_ #~O ~ ZO._. QiH..

#~O ~ Q~ M` H^ , #= ~K~ ` J~# s

"^ =OkOK~. 1945

''` =O^ =`#: `O H ~ O : i |^x

''Hq`O =#= $^# ~ f~ LOQ* P Q"#x

all harmonies - He planned all perfect combinations and He made

Ow`O ^= $+. H$ u #Oz ^xx ~=O`< Q OK_xH

<~yOK\xH ` ` _ K`H O =#O.

`e#"_, + * O ^Q~ Q LO_, =# uH<=`_

i@# J#|_# ~O^<+ HO K~ ~A Pe=~

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`kH QO^H~ ~ JO@~ "~ J"iH Hq, rq`

i~ ^O^# ``< L<~ J<~QO LO_ _. D H=

O_< ''HO~ P k H" JkHi J_ K~. =Oz W,

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"O` _# H^ H"e, [ "` LO_e. ( Z#H\),

K~ =~}Oz P~ =O^ U ^\< ~OH =O K<_.

OO J_. <O ^$+ x <k` #, <"^e, Jqhu~ e,

Jx OQO_ f~# q+OK~.

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\+ Ki< =_= "_. 13701449 HO "_# ''*<

^<~, x< *" 1

~AQi uxkQ xK #<

''dear masters Chauser and Gower Jx uOK_. D Hq`# *"

POQ `O Q}h"# =~K~. Hq`O J<k [HO J<

=^Q HOx ''q<< Qe~ JO\~. P<\ #Oz

~, q# "O< Q O^# HeyOK@O g\ `H`. ~Q `Q q<

~ O^, Z_~ Zb<, ~ \H O, *h P~OQ "^#

x=O LOk. =#HqH o J~O^ ^ `b^. J`x ^ JO_O "~.

~_. Z#H# KO^ <Q n~H~ =^OQ LO@Ok. W WO`

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"OK"~. =K#O Hx Hq`O Hx ^~OQ O+OK <~O_k. P

rqOz< `# =^ "_. 1517 ~ =OO \_. `O_, Z_~

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W@b <\# WOw+ +H `z } u+ K ^xH WOO i

~# ''\>~ OQ K~}` Q OkOz#

~+__. J`# JO\ "_ H^ `b^, Hx J`x K@ J<H H^

K H<~. J`x <H#O Ki` xez~Ok. ~b =~A ''<

o @ ''Z`e<# =^`OQ ~_. ''To which the woods

Wn #~ O* JO>. Z# Zxqk <\ ~_. #~ P~^

O^, Hi HO _ uOKe# J=~" ~^. Hi, H#H

OOK~. _ Hq`O K OHOQ, =H~O_, KOQ LO@Ok.

K_. =# \ ~ Jh JO^< =~ Jx K_# =@.

<\, ~O_ n~ Hq` ~_O\~. =~ `O_ K `~ K"_.

''The tragedy of Dido-queen of Carthage <@HxH =_ =yx

JO^H ''Marlowe is that affable familiar ghost in the eighty sixth of

~ OkOz< J`x <@H tY~ =#OQ = Jx J<~. tY~O Ki

J`# O xH ^~" UHH rq`O Q_ @

POQ <@H `=_qeO +H ~

H+ _ u P# rq` Ki` `H=@O H+" g H^. +HQi

POQ <@H `=_qeO +H ~ - 2

i K LO__. P# HO JO^iH x=i\ q^ JO^@ L<,

a@<# kiOz#_ qeO `H J#=O OkOz LO_=K. W~"

=` JO^x JO^O, J^`O , q^#O, WOk J#= O K K Q #K~.

JOH`O K_. WO^x H^ _ ''Fq_x H^. H =kOz# `~"`