FPAHHuEBCKH IHACHHK

uACOHHC 3A HCTOPHJV HCTOuHE H JVIOHCTOuHE CPFHJE

8


BRANIEVO HEALD

REVIEW FOR HISTORY OF EASTERN AND SOUTHEASTERN SERBIA

Vol. 8 (2012)





Vpyxene ncropnuapa Fpannuena n Tnmouxe xpajnne
Hstrs Associat Brv T r








Hoxapenan
2012






CAPA1
CONTENTS

HAAHHH H PACHPABE
ARTICLES AND CONTRIBUTIONS

Anexcanap Ysenan
Tuepoeu ua oone+ vuaev mann npnnor
npoyuanany mera]ayne cpenonexonnor Fanxana 7
Tigers on the Lower Danube A Small Contribution
to the Research of the Medieval Balkan Megafauna 22

Mapnja Bymxonnh
Mnnom Konnnh nnacrennn xpajnmnnx 25
M K A Nobleman Border Governor 47

Mapnja Konpnnnna
Hponsnona nnpnnua y nnmxom xpajy y 15. n 16. nexy 49
Rice Production in Ni area in 15
th
and 16
th
Century 66

Iopan Bojxonnh
Tpr Berone y cpenem nexy 67
Mrtp t in the Middle Ages 81

Onnnepa yunh, Heojma oxnh
Hpnnosn ncropnjn manacrnpa 3aone 83
Contributions to the History of the Monastery of Zaova 97

anxo Aeonan
Hnrane moryher yuemha Cpnje y Kpnmcxom pary (18531856)
cnpemnocr sa par 99
The Question of Serbian Participation in the Crimean War
the Readiness for War 116






Heojma oxnh
Cpncxa Hpna apmnja y sanpmnnm onepannjama sa
ocnooene Cpnje oxropa 1918. ronne 117
The Serbian First Army in the final operations for
liberation of Serbia in October 1918 190

Mapnna m1e1nh
Jaronna n Fennuxn cpes o ycnocranana nemauxe
oxynannone ynpane o xpaja 1941. ronne 191
Jagodina and Belica County since the establishment of
German occupational government until the end of 1941. 225


KPHTHKE H HPHKA3H
RECENSIONS AND REVIEWS

Mapnja Bymxonnh
Ana di Lelio, Kosovska bitka u albanskom epu
nnn Cnoprnanacr 1943. 227

Heojma oxnh
Jena esopasna nnn Fesopasno nanncana xnnra 241

BHBAHOIPAmH1A
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ta1jana nnxonnh
Hpnnosn sa nnnorpa]njy xnnra ns ncropnorpa]nje
Fpannuena n Tnmouxe xpajnne (1990-2000) 253

Anexcanap Ysenan
1uepoeu ua oe+ yuaey



7
up Anexcanap Ysenan VK: 591.9(497)04/14
ncrpaxnnau-capannx ID: 191098380
Hcropnjcxn nncrnryr, Feorpa



1IPOB HA OEM VHABV
MAAH HPHAOI HPOYHABAHY MEIAmAYHE
CPEHOBEKOBHOI BAAKAHA

TIGERS ON THE LOWER DANUBE
A SMALL CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH OF THE
MEDIEVAL BALKAN MEGAFAUNA


Anc1pax1: V onom npnnory anannsnpana cy oanemrena ns
rexcra c nouerxa XIV nexa, xonnennnonanno nasnanor
Anonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis, xoja ce onoce na
]ayny jyroncroune Enpone. Hocena naxna nocnehena je
cnomeny muepoea xao xapaxrepncrnunnx npecrannnxa ]ayne
Fyrapcxe n ojamneny one ayropone norpemxe.

Knyune peun: Anonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis,
Fyrapcxa, XIV nex, mueap, syp (Bison bonasus)


Texcr nosnar no nasnnom Descriptio Europae Orientalis (y
aem rexcry DEO) npecrana anonnmnn nonnrnuxn n reorpa]cxn
rpaxrar c nouerxa XIV nexa. V nemy cy onncane nojenne onacrn
Mane Asnje n jyroncroune, nenrpanne n ncroune Enpone. Cnnc je
noeen na nexonnxo remarcxnx nornana: Koncranrnnonocxo
napcrno (Bnsanrnja), Anannja, Pamxa, Fyrapcxa n Pyrennja, Vrapcxa,
Hocxa n uemxa. DEO je 1916. ronne xpnrnuxn npnpeno n ojanno

BPAHHHEBCKH IAACHHK 8
HOAPEBAH 2012



8
nocxn ncrpaxnnau Onrjep Iypxa,
1
nojenna nornana cnnca
xomenrapncana cy n anannsnpana y pojnnm paonnma, a rexcr je
ennmnuno nnn y nenocrn npeneen n na nexonnxo canpemennx
jesnxa.
2

V onom npnnory naxna je nocnehena jenoj ocoenocrn cnnca
xoja o caa nnje nna npemer ncrpaxnnana nnrepeconany
neronor ayropa sa npecrannnxe ]ayne onnx semaa xoje je onncao y
rexcry, xao n jenom nnrpnranrnom noarxy xojn oarne nponsnnasn.
3anaxana o ersornunnm xnnornnama, xao mro je cnyuaj n ca pyrnm
noannma y cnncy, ennmnuno cy sacnonana na crapnjnm nsnopnma.
To cy onomnn ns na ennnxnonenjcxa ena nacrana cpennom XIII
nexa npna xnnra ennnxnonenje Speculum Historiale omnnnxanna
Bencana ns Fonea n nernaecra xnnra sopnnxa De proprietatibus
rerum, unjn je ayrop no ]panenan Bapronomej Enrnecxn.
3
Taxo, y
xasnnany o Anannjn n nacnanajyhn ce na Bapronomejene nanoe,

1
Anonymi descriptio Europae Orientalis: "Imperium Constantinopolitanum, Albania,
Serbia, Bulgaria, Ruthenia, Ungaria, Polonia, Bohemia" anno MCCCVIII exarata, ed.
O. Grka, Cracoviae 1916. (=DEO). Hponparnnmn ono nsane onmnom ynonom
crynjom, Iypxa je saxyuno a je cnnc nacrao 1308. ronne, xao n a je neron
ayrop no nyrnnx, neponarno omnnnxanan y cnyxn rnrynapnor
xoncranrnnonocxor napa Kapna Banoa, para ]pannycxor xpaa unnnna IV
Henor. Haxo je ono mnmene yrnannom npnxnaheno y naynn, nspnnana cy n
pyraunja, yremeena mnmena, xoja nomepajy ynanpe aronane cnnca. Hajmnan
xpononomxn noarax y cnncy jecre oanemrene xaxo cy Jonanonnn ocnojnnn ocrpno
Pooc, ca rnannnm rpaom (DEO, 18), a onaj oraaj ce onrpao 15. anrycra 1310.
ronne, Failler 1992, 113-135. 3arnm, naxo je nsnecno a je ayrop no npxneno nnne,
nema onono rparona xojn n ra nenrn]nxonann xao npnnannxa omnnnxancxor
pea, cf. Praga 1933, 293-302.
2
Iorga 1921, 59-64; euen 1923, 3-42; Toponnh 1924, 67-74; Der 1930, 1-22; Popa-
Lisseanu, 1934 ; Fenuoncxn 1977, 445-489; Elsie 1990, 24-28; Iarona 2001, 117-127;
amxnon anona 2005, 164-185.
3
Vincentius, Speculum Historiale, 1-47; Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 624-714.

Anexcanap Ysenan
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9
nncan nomnne ee.ure nce rofu cv mo.uro ee.uru u oue+u oa voufafv
.aeoee.
4
Hs Bencanone n Bapronomejene ennnxnonenje nornuy n
sannmnne necrn o cueruooe.u+ rocoeu+a y Axajn n xaxo ce na
ocrpny Kpnr fe.euu, evroeu, .ucue, s+ufe, coee u opvee umemue
rueomune uumu paafv, uumu oncmafv, a aro ux mv oouervo oouecv,
oue veuuv.
5

ox cy nomenyra oanemrena npenncana ns crapnjnx ena,
noann npncyrnn y nornannma o Pamxoj n Fyrapcxoj sacnonann cy
na canpemennm sanaxannma, re cy, camnm rnm, o mnoro neher
snauaja sa ncropnuape. Onnc cpncxnx semaa nornue o noaraxa
npnxynennx na repeny, nno o camor ayropa cnnca, nnn neronor
npexrnor nsnopa,
6
ox je xasnnane o Fyrapcxoj nacrano na ocnony
oanemrena xoja neponarno nornuy ns cycene Vrapcxe.
7
Onaj
oeax, rj. onnc Fyrapcxe, onocn ce camo na onacr rsn. Bnnncxe
xnexennne nnn Bnnncxe ecnoronnne, onocno ceneposanannx
yrapcxnx semaa.
8


4
Canes sunt in ea ingentis magnitudinis et tante ferocitatis quod leones perimerunt,
DEO, 27. Bapronomej Enrnecxn, meyrnm, nomnne one nce y xasnnany o xanxacxoj
Anannjn, Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 628. (lib. XV, cap. 7)
5
Candidisimae etiam merulae in terra illa nascuntur, DEO, 15; ...cervos, lupos, volpes,
serpentes, noctuas, aliaque ferarum noxia nec gignit nec sustinet et si aliunde illuc
portantur, statim moriuntur, DEO, 17; cf. Vincentius, Speculum Historiale, 27, 30 (lib.
I, cap. 73, 80); Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 644. (lib. XV, cap. 42.)
6
Cf. Hypxonnh 1934, 11.
7
O onncy Fyrapcxe y DEO nnn: euen 1923, 5-13; Imsenen 1984, 18-19; Iarona
2001, 124-126.
8
Ona nennna je y Anonnmonom eny nacnonena O Bveapcrof u Pvmeuufu (De
Bulgaria et Ruthenia), naxo je xasnnane o ne seme jacno onojeno, DEO, 37-43. V
xasnnany o Fyrapcxoj ncrnue ce a je sedem autem imperii est apud Budinium
[=Bnnn] civitatem magnam. Imperatores autem eiusdem imperii vocantur cysmani
[=Bnmmann], DEO, 38.

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10
V nornany o Pamxoj, nncan npnmehyje xaxo cy ronu v oeu+
rpafeeu+a +a.u nonvm pouuua, a.u faru u cnocoouu sa mp:ane.
9
ox
onaj noarax ne nsasnna neoymnne, cacnnm je pyraunje ca npnxasom
]ayne Fyrapcxe, nomro ce nanon a y oeof se++u u+a nvuo
feouopoea, muepoea u oaopoea.
10


*

Hocnene nomenyro mecro ns cnnca ncrpaxnnaun o caa nncy
xomenrapncann, ocnm ysrpenor ncrnnana a ayrop DEO na onom
mecry ynocn nsnecran ]anracrnunn enemenr.
11
Ho, raxno mnmene je
remxo opxnno. Hnje neponarno a n y onom xparxom oanemreny
nncan npeneo jean ]axrorpa]cxn rauan noarax (nomen apona),
jean, na npnn norne norpeman (rnrpona) n jean, nanono
]anracrnuan (jenopora). Brannme, rorono nenrnuan onnc ]ayne
cpehe ce n y xparxom nornany o Hocxoj, re nncan npnmehyje: mv
u+a +uoeo muepoea, feouopoea, oaopoea u oue+ux rona.
12
Homenn
apona n nnnx xona yunpmhyjy nonepene y raunocr ayroponor
xasnnana n noxasyjy a je on saenexno ayrenrnune npecrannnxe
xnnornncxor cnera, xaxo Fanxana raxo n nenrpanne Enpone. Hanme,

9
Equis in partibus illis exceptis valde paucis sunt parvi, ut roncini, tamen fortes et
agiles ad currendum, DEO, 32. Pouuuu cy y cpenem nexy nnn rnn yonuajenor
xona sa nyuy, xojn ce morao xopncrnrn n sa jaxane. Meyrnm, repmnn pouuu morao
je a nanpocro nma n snauene xyce, cf. Gauthier 1895, 722-723; Hanley 2003, 38-
39.
10
Animalia unicornia, tygrides et castoria nimis habundant in terra illa, DEO, 39.
11
euen 1923, 6, n.4.
12
Tigrides, unicornia, castoria et equi indomiti multi sunt ibi, DEO, 57.

Anexcanap Ysenan
1uepoeu ua oe+ yuaey



11
enponcxn aap (Castor fiber) no je npncyran y jyroncrounoj Enponn
roxom cpener nexa,
13
xao n y Hocxoj, re je omaha nonynannja
npexnnena cne o cpenne npomnor croneha.
14
nnn xon rapnan
(Equus ferus ferus) raxoe je xnneo na npocropy Hocxe cne o XIX
nexa, re je cnapnnanem ca omahnm xonem nacrana nocena paca
ronur.
15
Ona na npnmepa noxasyjy n a je nncan saenexno one
xnnornne xoje cy y nerono npeme nnme nncy morne nnern na
npocropy sanane Enpone.
16

Homene feouopoea n muepoea, xao npecrannnxa ]ayne na
pernona noynancxe Fyrapcxe n Hocxe, ne n rpeano onaxo
oannrn. Meyrnm, norpeno je npannnno nx pacrymaunrn. Ha
npnom mecry, neonxono je yrnpnrn mra cy cam nncan n neronn
canpemennnn nopasymenann no muepoeu+a. Bencan ns Fonea
ocranno je nsyserno cyrecrnnan rpar. V oexy cnoje pyre
ennnxnonenje Speculum Naturale, on npnmehyje xaxo sor neeoee
opsuue muepo+ noepeuuo uasueafv... svopa, rj. enponcxor nsona
(Bison bonasus). H mo fe noepeuuo, oaje nncan, fep mueap rueu ua
ucmorv, oor ce oeaf mueap nofae+vfe v Ueurof.
17
Onn nanon

13
Hpoaja aponnx xoxa cnomnne ce y xanyny sa Hono Fpo xpajem XV nexa, Rizaj
1968, 207; Mnmnh 1995, 52-53.
14
Dzieciolowski Gozdziewski 1999, 31-32.
15
Tapnan ce yro opxao na npocropy Hocxe n Fenopycnje. V Fjanonemxoj mymn
necrao je rex xpajem XVIII nexa. Hocnenn npnmepax y nnnnn ynjen je 1890.
ronne, a y sapoennmrny je yrnnyo 1918. ronne, Clutton-Brook 1992, 28sq
16
aap je na npocropy sanane Enpone necrao o nouerxa XIV nexa, Hoffmann
1996, 665-666.
17
Zubro est bestia de genere taurorum sylvestrium... hanc quidam propter eius
velocitatem diccunt esse tygridem, sed falso, nam tygris est bestia satis modica, et
habitat in oriente, haec tygris autem reperitur in Bohemia, Vincentius, Speculum

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12
npyxajy naxan rpar ne camo y pasymenany Anonnmonnx noaraxa, neh
n nopexna neronnx oanemrena. Hnje cnyuajno ncraxnyro xaxo ce
oeaf mueap nofae+vfe v Ueurof, nomro je npncycrno sypona y onoj
semn nno je nosnaro n Bapronomejy Enrnecxom, jom jenom ayropy
xojn je npnnaao nnrenexryannom mney ns xora je noarxe npneo n
ayrop DEO.
18

Hpema Bencany, tigris je no narnncxn exnnnanenr sa sypa. a
na nenrnuan naunn rpea pasymern n Anonnmone nanoe moxe ce
ae norxpennrn yxasnnanem na noarxe ononpemennx uemxnx
nsnopa. V na cpenonexonna uemxo-narnncxa peunnxa, npnom, c
nouerxa XIV nexa unjn je cacranau no nsnecnn Clenius Rozkochany
Sclavus n pyrom, cacranenom 1458. n jenocranno nacnonenom
Lexicon parvum latino-bohemicum, naneeno je a je narnncxn npeno
cnonencxe peun zubr nnn zuber ynpano tigris.
19
Cnnuan npnmep ce
cpehe n y nocxnm oxymenrnma. V xnnsn pauyna xnesa Masonnje ns
1478. ronne nanasn ce cneehn sannc: ...quem pannum dedi nuncio
ducum Mazowie, qui portavit tigridem alias zubrum.
20

Ono nnje no jenncrnenn cnyuaj anana neaexnarnnx nasnna
xnnornnama npnnnxom npenoa ca cnonencxnx jesnxa na narnncxn.

Naturale, 1452. (lib. XIX, cap. 125). Bencanone peun nornpyje n neron mnan
canpemennx Toma ns Kanrnmnpa, nacnanajyhn ce na eno cnor nperxonnxa:
Zubrones ferocissime sunt et sunt de genere taurorum silvestrium... falsoque
obtinuerunt in illis regionibus a Latinis nomen tygris, et hoc propter velocitatem. Erant
enim qui hoc dicunt, quia tygris bestia satis modica velocissima est orientem inhabitans.
Hec vero in bohemia reperitur, Thomas de Cantimpr, 172.
18
Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 639. (lib. XV, cap. 30)
19
Hanka 1833, 67, 151.
20
Gawda 1960, 218.

Anexcanap Ysenan
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13
Taxo ce y uemxnm cpenonexonnnm peunnnnma moxe nahn a je
narnncxn exnnnanenr sa pnca pardus, sa nyxa cocodrillus (sic!), nr.
21

Vnorpea nmena tigris sa sypa neponarno ce ycrannna y
cpenonexonnoj Hocxoj nocpecrnom uemxor yrnnaja.
22
C osnpom
a cy onncn Hocxe n uemxe y DEO necymnnno sacnonann na
noannma npnxynennm na repeny,
23
ayropona norpemxa, onocno
ynorpea narnncxor exnnnanenra tigris sa npecrannnxa omahe
]ayne, cama no cen nnje sauyyjyha.

*

Enponcxn nson anac npecrana najneher xonnenor cncapa
na npocropy crapor xonrnnenra. Haxo nexaa pamnpen mnpom
mymcxnx n crencxnx nopyuja, y sananoj Enponn je necrao jom
roxom panor cpener nexa.
24
V ncrounoj Enponn opxao ce mnoro
yxe cne o xpaja XVIII nexa, xaa cy nerona crannmra nna
orpannuena na nexonnxo mymcxnx enxnana.
25
Hocnena nonynannja
sypona y nnnnn, xoja je nacrannnana mymy Fjanonjexa na rpannnn
Hocxe n Fenopycnje, npaxrnuno je ncrpeena roxom Hpnor

21
Hanka, 1833, 115; rv pr 1967, 380.
22
Brckner 1927, 667; Siatkowski 1965, 18.
23
Cf. DEO, XXVII-XXVIII.
24
Cmarpa ce a je na nopyujy Iannje syp ncrpeen roxom VIII nexa, y
Cxannnannjn roxom XI, a y jyxnoj Enrnecxoj moxa rex roxom napenor croneha.
Hocnena nonynannja sypona y sananoj Enponn oncrana je y Apennma neponarno
cne o nouerxa XIV nexa, Poucek 2003, 20-22; Benecke 2005, 421-428.
25
Coxonon 1978, 476-486.

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14
cnercxor para n y noronnm ronnama.
26
Hpnmepnn xojn cy npexnnenn
y soonomxnm npronnma mnpom cnera n nnxono nnancxo
pasmnoxanane nomornn cy a ce npcra ononn n cnace ncrpeena.
3a pasnnxy o ncrounnx n nenrpannnx onacrn crapor
xonrnnenra, noann o npncycrny sypa y jyroncrounoj Enponn roxom
cpener nexa cy mnoro ocxynnjn. Hocpeno nornpno cneouancrno
npyxajy pojnn rononomacrnuxn rparonn, xao mro cy npnroxa
Panannne no nmeny 3ypona pexa, norom 3yep nnannna xo rpaa
Tpna y sananoj Fyrapcxoj, 3yepono po neanexo o Ipaauna y
Focnn, nr.
27

V cnecrn yn XIII-XIV nexa syp je jom ynex no npncyran.
O rome cneoue cnonencxn anoxpn]nn cnncn, cauynann y nexonnxo
pyxonnca n peaxnnja, y xojnma cy npnenexenn canpemenn napon n
nnxonn soomop]nn exnnnanenrn. 3yp ce y onnm rexcronnma jana
xao exnnnanenr A.aua n Bucep+uua (nnn Cupufaa).
28
Ho, jom pannje,
roxom pyre nononnne XII nexa ona xnnornna je sacnrypno nna
yrpoxena n perxa. Hpema cneouancrny nnsanrnjcxor ncropnuapa
Hnxnre Xonnjara, Anponnx Komnnn, naxon mro je ceo na npecro y
Koncranrnnonoy 1183. ronne, napeno je a ce ocnnxajy npecrane
ns neronor pannjer xnnora, yxyuyjyhn n nona na sypa (p), y
xome je yuecrnonao roxom cnor opanxa y Iannnnjn ne enennje
pannje. Xonnjar je rom npnnnxom npnmerno a je syp xnnornna xoja

26
Arens 1921, 58-62; The Science News-Letter, 27 X 1928, 14/398, p. 394.
27
Tpojanonnh 1908, 939-940; Mnmnh 1995, 52; Homa 1997, 18-19.
28
Mnnrenona Tnxona-3amona 1996, 293, 299; Paojnunh 1967, 35.

Anexcanap Ysenan
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15
ce moxe nnern y semama Taepocruma, onocno cenepno o
ynana.
29

Hoarax ns DEO je xpononomxn nocnenn nomen npncycrna
sypa y semama jyxno o ynana. On jom ynex nema cnoje
norxpenene y apxeonomxnm nanasnma. Hnax, rpea npnmernrn a
najmnan nosnarn nanas one xnnornne ns jyroncroune Enpone nornue
ca nopyuja na xoje ce ornpnnnxe moxe noxannsonarn n Anonnmono
oanemrene, onocno cenepne Fyrapcxe. Peu je o pory xenxe sypa
nponaenom y cpenonexonnom nacey xpaj cena Iapnan, neanexo o
Cnnncrpnje, xojn npnnaa xynrypnom cnojy IX-X nexa.
30


*

3a pasnnxy o nperxono anannsnpanor cnyuaja, nomen
feouopoea y DEO rexe je ojacnnrn. Cpenonexonna casnana o
jenopory nacnanana cy ce na nnnjcxe n anrnuxe nsnope n cam
jenopor perxo je noncronehnnan ca crnapnnm xnnornnama.
31
Hnax,
Anonnmonn feouoposu, nonyr rnrpona, janajy ce xao

29
Choniates, 433. Hpecrane nsona (syp) yxnecannx y xameny, nneo je y
Koncranrnnonoy xpajem XIV nexa n jean anonnmnn pycxn xoouacnnx, Majesca
1984, 143.
30
Bxapona 1986, 68.
31
Cpenonexonne npecrane jenopora oyapajy o ycraennx anamnnx
nonynapnnx npnxasa. Jenopor je y cpenem nexy onuno onncnnan xao mana
xnnornna, cf. Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 1006-1007 (lib. XVIII, cap. 88); Barber 1993,
36-37; Clark 2006, 126. 3axnayjyhn yrnnajy nyronana Mapxa Hona, xacnnje je
uecro noncronehnnan ca nocoposnma, raunnje asnjcxnm nocoposnma (Rhinoceros
unicornis) xojn ce pasnnxyjy o cnojnx a]pnuxnx cponnxa no rome mro nmajy camo
jean por, cf. Mapxo Hono 2011, 156, 198-199.

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16
xapaxrepncrnunn npecrannnnn ]ayne noynancxe Fyrapcxe n
Hocxe. Beh je yxasano na unnennny a je nncan DEO enexno one
npecrannnxe ]ayne xojn ce nnme nncy mornn nnern y sananoj
Enponn y nerono npeme. Crora ce na onom mecry moxe oaspnno
nspehn npernocranxa a ce nomen jenopora onocn na rypa (Bos
primigenius), nne roneo nosnaro y nenrpannoj n sananoj Enponn n
xao oporc nnn vpvc. Moxa ce y onom cnyuajy o cnojenpcnoj
nnnrnncrnuxoj saynn, onocno noncronehnnany nmena urus nnn uris
ca unicornis. Hnax, pyrn nsnopn ne npyxajy norxpenene onaxnoj
nnrepnperannjn n y neocrarxy pyrnx noxasarea, nnrane ocraje
ornopeno.
Typ je, nonyr sypa, npecranao pennxr nnencronencxe
]ayne pacnpocrpanen y oncropnjcxo npeme mnpom Enpoasnje n
cenepne A]pnxe. V sananoj Enponn, sor nona, ncxpuanana
semnmra n xonxypennnje omahe croxe nsympo je roxom X nexa, ox
je nenrpannom eny crapor xonrnnenra necrao ornpnnnxe rpn croneha
xacnnje. Crannmra nner ronea cy y ro npeme nna orpannuena na
ysana mymcxa nopyuja y ncrounoj Enponn, a nocnenn npnmepax
rypa yrnnyo je 1627. ronne neanexo o cena Jaxropon y nenrpannoj
Hocxoj.
32
Honyr npncycrna sypona, raxo n o ryponnma y
jyroncrounoj Enponn cneoue rononomacrnuxn rparonn,
33
xao n neh
nomnnann anoxpn]nn cnncn (y xojnma je ryp naneen xao soomop]nn

32
Rokosz 1995, 5-12; van Vuure 2005, 55-78.
33
Pavlovi 1982, 171-176; Tpojanonnh 1908, 931; Mnmnh 1995, 51-52.

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exnnnanenr Hnrnanana).
34
Hocnenn noysann cnomen nner ronea
y pernony, yjeno n noxasare nerone raamne perxocrn,
npecrana opo nosnarn onnc cycpera cpncxor nennxor xynana
Cre]ana Hemannha n yrapcxor xpaa Anpnje II y Pannom na Mopann
1214. ronne. Tom npnnnxom, cpncxn nnaap je, xaxo cam rnpn,
ono na noxnon o yrapcxor xpaa oue+e u oecue seepu mvpoee u
mvpue.
35


34
r 1863, 733; Mnnrenona Tnxona-3amona 1996, 293, 299; Paojnunh 1967,
35.
35
Cre]an Hpnonenuann, 104-105.

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Hnycrpannje sypa n rypa y eny nemauxor nyronncna Cnrncmyna ]on
Xepepmrajna (Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii, 1549), ca nparehnm
rexcrom xojn noxasyje a cy canpemennnn uecro memann one xnnornne.


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19
BHBAHOIPAmH1A

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SUMMARY

The text commonly known as Descriptio Europae Orientalis is
political and geographical tractate written by anonymous churchman at
the beginning of the Fourteenth century. It provides interesting info
regarding the peculiarities of the fauna of Medieval Balkans and its
contrast to the Western Europe. In Serbian historiography the attention
was mainly cast to the political aspect of this text; for example, even the
fact that its author provided the description of horses in Medieval Serbian
lands was hitherto unnoticed.
In the chapter of the text related to the Northern Bulgarian lands,
the author of the Descriptio obscurely mentions that unicorns, tigers and
beavers (unicornia, tygridae, castoria) can be seen there. He also speaks
of these animals as characteristic fauna of Poland, further adding the wild
horses (equi indomiti). Comparative analysis with other contemporary
sources showed that the writer of the Descriptio under the tigers
understood wisent or zubr (Bison Bonasus). In the medieval Bohemian
and Polish sources tigris was a common latin equivalent for wisent and
this fact was also known to the Vincent of Beauvais whose encyclopedia
was one of the main sources of the Descriptio. The mention of wisents in
this source, albeit as tigers, is chronologically the last indicator of their
presence, not only in the area of Northern Bulgaria, but in the Balkans in
general. According to archeological evidences, the youngest remains of
wisents discovered so far in the Balkan lands belong to the IX-X
Century; these are also found in the Northern Bulgaria.

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Regarding the identification of unicorns in the Descriptio, one
should bear in mind that the medieval writer focused his attention to the
animals not present in Western Europe and the fact that these are also
mentioned as representatives of the fauna of Poland. Therefore, it is
possible that they may be identified with urus or aurochs (Bos
primigenius). However, this opinion needs further corroboration.

Keywords: Anonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis, Bulgaria, 14
th
century,
tiger, wisent (Bison bonasus)