Diateza activa a verbelor in engleza

Cum se identifca : 1) Subiectul gramatical face actiunea exprimata de verb.

2) Actiunea se rasfrange asupra altui lucru.
Exemple: I have seen a tree. Subiectul (cel care face actiunea) = eu ("I"); Actiunea "se rasfrange" asupra
copacului ("tree").
Yesterday, he broke his bicycle. Subiectul (cel care face actiunea) = el ("he") ; Actiunea "se rasfrange"
asupra bicicletei sale ("his bicycle").
Diateza pasiva a verbelor in engleza
Cum se identifca : Actiune este realizata de subiectul logic ( copleentul de agent ).
Exemple : I have seen a tree. (diateza acti!a). "he tree has been seen by e. (diateza pasi!a).
Yesterday, he broke his bicycle. (diateza acti!a). #esterday$ his bicycle %as bro&en by hi. (diateza
pasi!a).
I will buy a car. (diateza acti!a). "he car %ill be bought by e. (diateza pasi!a).
Diateza reflexiva a verbelor
Exemple :Mary washes herself. 'aria s(a spalat.
Jen and Greg kiss each other. )en si *reg se saruta.
He shaved himself. +l s(a barbierit.
Comentarii : ,erbe care au fora refle-i!a: to shower, to wash, to shave, to hurry, to rest, to sit down,
kiss.
Conugarea verbelor in engle!a
Conugarea verbelor in limba engle!a ( 'odul indicati!
"recut# $ast

Forma afirmativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")
Persoana Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
I singular I came I was coming I had come I had been coming
II singular You came You were coming You had come You had been coming
III
singular He/She/It came He/She/It was coming He/She/It had come He/She/It has been coming
I plural We came We were coming We had come We had been coming
II plural You came You were coming You had come You had been coming
III plural They came They were coming They had come They had been coming

Forma negativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
I singular I did not come I was not coming I had not come I had not been coming
II singular You did not come You were not coming You had not come You had not been coming
III singular He/She/It did not come He/She/It was not coming He/She/It had not come He/She/It has not been coming
I plural We did not come We were not coming We had not come We had not been coming
II plural You did not come You were not coming You had not come You had not been coming
III plural They did not come They were not coming They had not come They had not been coming

Forma interogativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
I singular Did I come? Was I coming? Had I come? Had I been coming?
II singular Did you come? Were you coming? Had you come? Had you been coming?
III
singular Did he/she/it come? Was he/she/it coming? Had he/she/it come? Has he/she/it been coming?
I plural Did we come? Were we coming? Had we come? Had we been coming?
II plural Did you come? Were you coming? Had you come? Had you been coming?
III plural Did they come? Were they coming? Had they come? Had they been coming?
$re!ent# $resent

Forma afirmativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
I singular I come I am coming I have come I have been coming
II singular You come You are coming You have come You have been coming
III singular He/She/It comes He/She/It is coming He/She/It has come He/She/It has been coming
I plural We come We are coming We have come We have been coming
II plural You come You are coming You have come You have been coming
III plural They come They are coming They have come They have been coming

Forma negativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
I singular I don't come I am not coming I have not come I have not been coming
II singular You don't come You are not coming You have not come You have not been coming
III
singular
He/She/It doesn't
come He/She/It is not coming He/She/It has not come He/She/It has not been coming
I plural We don't come We are not coming We have not come We have not been coming
II plural You don't come You are not coming You have not come You have not been coming
III plural They don't come They are not coming They have not come They have not been coming

Forma interogativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous
I singular Do I come? m I coming? Have I come? Have I been coming?
II singular Do you come? re you coming? Have you come? Have you been coming?
III
singular Does he/she/it come? Is he/she/it coming? Has he/she/it come? Has he/she/it been coming?
I plural Do we come? re we coming? Have we come? Have we been coming?
II plural Do you come? re you coming? Have you come? Have you been coming?
III plural Do they come? re they coming? Have they come? Have they been coming?


%iitor# &uture

Persoana Be Going To Future Simple Future Future Continuous
I singular I am going to come I will come I will be coming
II singular You are going to come You will come You will be coming
III singular He/She/It is going to come He/She/It will come He/She/It will be coming
I plural We are going to come We will come We will be coming
II plural You are going to come You will come You will be coming
III plural They are going to come They will come They will be coming
Forma afirmativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")


Persoana Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous "Be about to" Future
I singular I will have come I will have been coming I am about to come
II singular You will have come You will have been coming You are about to come
III singular He/She/It will have come He/She/It will have been coming He/She/It is about to come
I plural We will have come We will have been coming We are about to come
II plural You will have come You will have been coming You are about to come
III plural They will have come They will have been coming They are about to come

Forma negativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Be Going To Future Simple Future Future Continuous
I singular I am not going to come I will not come I will not be coming
II singular You are not going to come You will not come You will not be coming
III He/She/It is not going to come He/She/It will not come He/She/It will not be coming
singular
I plural We are not going to come We will not come We will not be coming
II plural You are not going to come You will not come You will not be coming
III plural They are not going to come They will not come They will not be coming

Persoana Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous "Be about to" Future
I singular I will not have come I will not have been coming I am not about to come
II singular You will not have come You will not have been coming You are not about to come
III
singular He/She/It will not have come He/She/It will not have been coming He/She/It is not about to come
I plural We will not have come We will not have been coming We are not about to come
II plural You will not have come You will not have been coming You are not about to come
III plural They will not have come They will not have been coming They are not about to come

Forma interogativa a verbelor in limba engleza (ex. verbul "to come")

Persoana Be Going To Future Simple Future Future Continuous
I singular m I going to come? Will I come? Will I be coming?
II singular re you going to come? Will you come? Will you be coming?
III
singular Is he/she/it going to come? Will he/she/it come? Will he/she/it be coming?
I plural re we going to come? Will we come? Will we be coming?
II plural re you going to come? Will you come? Will you be coming?
III plural re you going to come? Will they come? Will they be coming?

Persoana Future Perfect Future Perfect Continuous "Be about to" Future
I singular Will I have come? Will I have been coming? m I about to come?
II singular Will you have come? Will you have been coming? re you about to come?
III
singular Will he/she/it have come? Will he/she/it have been coming? Is he/she/it about to come?
I plural Will we have come? Will we have been coming? re we about to come?
II plural Will you have come? Will you have been coming? re you about to come?
III plural Will they have come? Will they have been coming? re they about to come?
Exercitii: Atunci c.nd a!e de stabilit ce tip /i ce aspect a!e de pus 0ntr(o propozi1ie$ trebuie a!ute 0n
!edere ur2toarele criterii:
' c(nd se folose)te acel tim* )i#sau as*ect
' ce cuvinte cheie avem +n *ro*o!i,ie
-. .*a fierbe ...
Apa fierbe la 133 de grade 4elsius. - Water boils at 100 C.
+-plicatie: 5entru ca se refera la un ade!2r general !alabil.

Apa fierbe /acum0 ' The water is boiling now.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$ sau
0n 6urul oentului (acum).

1. 2oarele r3sare ...
Soarele r3sare la est. ' The sun rises in the east.
+-plicatie: 5entru ca se refera la un ade!2r general !alabil.

Soarele rasare. ( The sun is rising.
+-plicatie: Soarele rasare acu$ in acest oent.


4. $lec m(ine dimineata ...
5lec .ine diineata la 7ondra cu a!ionul. ( I leave to London tomorrow morning by
plane.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este o actiune$ care depinde de orarul unui aeroport$
sau prograul turistic f2cut de o agen1ie de turis.

5lec .ine diineata la 7ondra. ( I am leaving to London tomorrow morning.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca este o ac1iune !iitoare$ planificat2 de subiect$ /i
care nu depinde de prograul altcui!a.

5. 6a face curat +n cas3 ...
+a face curat 0n cas2 in fiecare zi ( She does the housework every day.
+-plicatie : S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este o ac1iune prezent2$ general2$ repetabil2 0n
prezent

+a face curat 0n cas2$ acu$ c2 aa ei este 0n concediu ( She is doing the housework now
that her mother is in vacation.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$
sau 0n 6urul oentului acum

7. 8ucre! in gradina ...
7ucrez in gradina. ( I am working in the garden.
8olosind !erbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.

7ucrez in gradina. ' I work in the garden.( inseana ca asta e ocupatia ta. 9e e-eplu ca esti
gradinar.


9. 6l locuieste la 8ondra ...
+l locuieste la 7ondra. ( He lives in London.
+-plicatie: : Ide :

+l locuieste la 7ondra (in acest oent) ( He is living in London at the moment.
+-plicatie: Ide :

:. $loua ...
5loua des in 'area ;ritanie ( It often rains in the Uk.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este un obicei in prezent$ cu!antul cheie fiind
<often=

5loua (acu) ( It is raining.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu

;. <u m'am tre!it devreme a!i dimineata ...
>u (a trezit de!ree azi diineata ( I havent got up early this morning.(+ste ora 13
a..)
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ efectuata intr(o
perioada de tip neterinata (este ora 13 a..$ diineata inca nu a trecut)

>u (a trezit de!ree azi diineata ' I didnt get up early this morning.(+ste ora ? p..)
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ efectuata intr(o
perioada de tip terinata (este ora ? p$ diineata s(a inchiat$ este trecut de aiaza)

=. Mi'am *ierdut umbrela. "rebuie sa'mi cum*ar una noua
I ha!e lost y ubrella . I must buy a new one.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ terinata$ care
are rezultate in prezent

"rebuie precizat faptul ca$ daca se entioneaza oentul trecut in care a a!ut loc actiunea care
intereseaza in prezent sau care are rezultate in prezent$ nu ai poate fi folosit tipul 5resent
5erfect. In acest caz$ se foloseste 5ast Siple.
+-. 'i(a pierdut ubrela ieri. "rebuie sa(i cupar una noua.
I lost my umbrella yesterday. I must buy a new one.

->. "e'am iubit.....
"e(a iubit toata !iata ( Ive loved you all my life.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ efectuata intr(o
perioada de tip neterinata.

"e(a iubit cand!a deult ( I loved you a long time ago.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ incheiata.

--. .m vi!itat 8ondra ...
A !izitat 7ondra anul trecut ( I visited London last year.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ incheiata.

A !izitat 7ondra pentru pria data ( Its the frst time I have visited London.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ construita cu
e-presiile <it?s the first # second # third time@, care cer folosirea acestui tip.

-1. 8ocuiesc aici de ani de !ile ...
7ocuiesc aici de ani de zile....(si !oi pleca) ( I have lived here for years.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta inceputa in trecut
care continua si acu $ folosind constructia= for=

7ocuiesc aici de ani de zile....(si raan) ( I have been living here for years.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect 4ontinuous deoarece acest tip se foloseste ca in aceleasi
situatii ca si 5resent 5erfect Siple$ doar ca acesta insista asu*ra duratei acelei actiuni.

-4. 6u scriu o scrisoare ...
+u scriu o scrisoare (acu) ( I am writing a letter.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$
sau 0n 6urul oentului acum

+u scriu o scrisoare de @ ore ( I have been writing a letter for three hours.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect 4ontinuous deoarece se insista asupra duratei actiunii

-5. <'au au!it vorbindu'se ...
>(au auzit !orbindu(se despre el anul acesta A They havent heard from him this year.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple pentru ca se !orbeste despre e!eniente situate in
aceeasi perioada de tip cu aceea in care ne afla la oentul prezent cand !orbi.

>(au auzit !orbindu(se despre el anul trecut A They didnt hear from him last year.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple$ deoarece ne referi la o perioada de tip care nu ai
este cea prezenta
(ieri$ saptaana trecuta$ anul trecut etc)$ e!enientul este plasat intr(un trecut datat.

-7. .m trimis ra*ortul final ...
A triis raportul final saptaana aceasta A I have sent the fnal report this week.
+-plicatie: Ide 1:
A triis raportul final saptaana trecuta A I sent the fnal report last week.
+-plicatie: Ide 1:
Exercitii :Atunci c.nd a!e de stabilit ce tip /i ce aspect a!e de pus 0ntr(o propozi1ie$ trebuie a!ute
0n !edere ur2toarele criterii:
' c(nd se folose)te acel tim* )i#sau as*ect
' ce cuvinte cheie avem +n *ro*o!i,ie
-. .*a ingheata ...
Apa ingheata la 3 grade 4elsius. ( Water freezes at 0 C.
+-plicatie: 5entru ca se refera la un ade!2r general !alabil

Apa din lac ingheata. ' The water in the lake is freezing.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$ sau 0n 6urul
oentului acum

1. 2oarele a*une ...
Soarele a*une la vest ' The sun sets in the west.
+-plicatie: 5entru ca se refera la un ade!2r general !alabil

Soarele apune (acu) ( The sun is setting.
+-plicatie: Soarele apune acu$ in acest oent


4. 6a *leaca seara ...
+a pleaca seara la ;ucuresti cu trenul ( She leaves to Bucharest in the evening by train.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este o actiune$ care depinde de orarul unei gari$ sau prograul
turistic f2cut de o agen1ie de turis.

+a pleaca seara la ;ucuresti ( She is leaving to Bucharest in the evening.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca este o ac1iune !iitoare$ planificat2 de subiect$ /i care nu
depinde de prograul altcui!a.

5. Jane face cum*araturi ...
)ane face cuparaturi in fiecare zi ( Jane shops everyday.
+-plicatie : S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este o ac1iune prezent2$ general2$ repetabil2 0n prezent.

)ane face cuparaturi acu. ( Jane is shopping now.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$ sau 0n 6urul
oentului acum

7. .nn lucre!a in bucatarie ...
Ann lucreaza in bucatarie. ( Ann is working in the kitchen.
8olosind !erbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.

Ann lucreaza in bucatarie. ' Ann works in the kitchen.( inseana ca asta e ocupatia ei. 9e e-eplu ca este
bucatar.

9. John locuieste in Aucuresti ...
)ohn locuieste in ;ucuresti ( John lives in Bucharest.
+-plicatie: : S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este o ac1iune prezent2$ general2.

)ohn locuieste in ;ucuresti (in acest oent) ( John is living in Bucharest at the moment.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$ te referi la clipa
asta.

:. <inge ...
>inge des in >ord ( It often snows in the North
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent Siple pentru ca este un obicei in prezent$ cu!antul cheie fiind <often=.

>inge (acu) ( It is snowing.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu.

;. .m mancat o salata de fructe a!i dimineata ...
A ancat o salata de fructe azi diineata ( I have eaten a fruit salad this morning. (+ste ora 13 a..).
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ efectuata intr(o perioada de tip
neterinata (este ora 13 a..$ diineata inca nu a trecut).

A ancat o salata de fructe azi diineata. ' I ate a fruit salad this morning. (+ste ora ? p..)
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ efectuata intr(o perioada de tip
terinata (este ora ? p$ diineata s(a inchiat$ este trecut de aiaza).

=. 6a si'a *ierdut *ortofelul. "rebuie sa'si cum*ere unul nou ...
She has lost her wallet. She must buy herself a new one.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ terinata$ care are rezultate in
prezent
"rebuie precizat faptul ca$ daca se entioneaza oentul trecut in care a a!ut loc actiunea care intereseaza in
prezent sau care are rezultate in prezent$ nu ai poate fi folosit tipul 5resent 5erfect. In acest caz$
se foloseste 5ast Siple.
+-. +a si(a pierdut portofelul saptaana trecuta. "rebuie sa(si cupere unul nou
She lost her wallet last week. She must buy herself a new one.

->. "e'am aste*tat ...
"e(a asteptat toata !iata ( Ive waited for you all my life.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ efectuata intr(o perioada de tip
neterinata

"e(a asteptat la aeroport cand!a deult ( I waited for you at the airport a long time ago.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ incheiata.

--. <oi am vi!itat $arisul ...
>oi a !izitat 5arisul luna trecuta ( We visited Paris last month.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ incheiata

>oi a !izitat 5arisul pentru pria data ( Its the frst time we have visited Paris.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta$ construita cu e-presiile <it?s the
first # second # third time@, care cer folosirea acestui tip.


-1. 8ucre! aici de ani de !ile ...
7ucrez aici de ani de zile....(si !oi pleca) ( I have worked here for years.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple deoarece e-pria o actiune trecuta inceputa in trecut care continua si
acu $ folosind constructia= for=.

7ucrez aici de ani de zile....(si raan) ( I have been working here for years.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect 4ontinuous deoarece acest tip se foloseste ca in aceleasi situatii ca si
5resent 5erfect Siple$ doar ca acesta insista asu*ra duratei acelei actiuni

-4. 6a scrie o carte ...
+a scrie o carte (acu) ( She is writing a novel.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 4ontinuous pentru ca ac1iunea este prezent2 /i se desf2/oar2 acu$ sau 0n 6urul
oentului acum

+a scrie o carte de ? zile ( She has been writing a novel for two days.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect 4ontinuous deoarece se insista asupra duratei actiunii

-5. <u am va!ut'o *e .nna ...
>u a !azut(o pe Anna anul acesta A I havent seen Anna this year.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5resent 5erfect Siple pentru ca se !orbeste despre e!eniente situate in aceeasi perioada
de tip cu aceea in care ne afla la oentul prezent cand !orbi.

>u a !azut(o pe Anna anul trecut A I didnt see Anna last year.
+-plicatie: S(a folosit 5ast "ense Siple$ deoarece ne referi la o perioada de tip care nu ai este cea prezenta
(ieri$ saptaana trecuta$ anul trecut etc)$ e!enientul este plasat intr(un trecut datat

-7. "i'am ina*oiat banii ...
"i(a inapoiat banii sa*tamana aceasta A I have given you back the money this week.
+-plicatie: Ide 1:
"i(a inapoiat banii sa*tamana trecuta A I gave you back the money last week.
+-plicatie: Ide 1:
Exercitii :
-. They didnt know that I played baketball. ( +i nu stiau ca a 6ucat bas&et (actiune siultana(5ast Siple)
1. !he wa in a hurry becaue he wanted to catch the train. ( +ra grabita deoarece a !rut sa prinda trenul
(actiune siultana(5ast Siple)

4. "mber aid he wa happy. (actiune siultana(5ast Siple)

5. #ou didnt tell me you had to learn by heart thi poem. ( >u i(ai spus ca trebuia sa in!eti poezia pe de
rost (actiune siultana(5ast Siple)

7. !he told me $ohn phone number a%ter he had le%t. ( +a i(a spus nr. de tel a lui )ohn$ dupa ce el
plecase (actiune anterioara(5ast 5erfect)

9. &hen I arrived' the movie already had begun. ( 4and a a6uns$ filul de6a incepuse (actiune
anterioara(5ast 5erfect)

:. #eterday I bought a new bracelet becaue I had lot my old one. ( Ieri i(a cuparat o bratara noua$
deoarece i(a pierdut(o pe cea !eche. (actiune anterioara(5ast 5erfect)


;. &e all believed he would win the race. ( >oi toti a crezut ca el !a castiga cursa (actiune posterioara(
8uture( in(the(5ast)

=. They told u they would arrive the next day. ( +i ne(au spus ca !or sosi in ziua uratoare (actiune
posterioara( 8uture( in(the(5ast)

->. (ather aid he would take me to the movie i% he had time. ( "ata a spus ca a !a duce la fil daca !a
a!ea tip (actiune posterioara( 8uture( in(the(5ast urat de Past Tense(pentru
imultaneitate))


--. (ather aid he would buy me a bycicle i% he had had the money. ( "ata a spus ca i(ar fi cuparat
cupara o asina daca ar fi a!ut banii (actiune posterioara( 8uture( in(the(5ast urat
de Past Perfect (pentru anterioritate)).

-1. I will watch Tv when I have time. ( 'a !oi uita la "!$ cand !oi a!ea tip.(!iitor( actiune siultana (
prezent)

-4. I will go to !pain' a%ter I have learned !panih. ( 'a !oi duce in Spania$ dupa ce !oi in!ata spaniola .
(!iitor( actiune anterioara ( Present Perfect)

-5. #ou will not go on thi trip becaue you got a ) minu. ( >u !ei erge in aceasta e-cursie$ deoarece
ai priit un patru (+-ceptie$ propozitie cauzala)

-7. The teacher told u that water %reeze at *+ ,. ( 5rofesorul ne(a spus ca apa ingheata la 3B 4 (+-ceptie$
ade!ar general)

Timpurile verbelor in limba engleza
"C+4D"D7E 5AS" - in limba engleza

"recutul 2im*lu# "he 2im*le $ast "ense
1. actiunea e in trecut; tipul e definit cu e-actitate (last %ee&$ last onth$ last year$ that day$ that %ee&$ that year$ in 1FF3$
on "hursday$ 13 years ago)
?. pentru o actiune care era o obistuinta in trecut (acu nu ai e)
@. in fraze ce iplica utilizarea lui "5resent 4onditional (Dnreal)"
:. in fraze ce iplica utilizarea lui "8uture(in(the(5ast" (cand actiunile !iitoare fata de actiunea trecuta sunt siultane)

"recutul /2im*lu0 Continuu# "he $ast "ense Continuous
1. pentru a e-pria o actiune in progres la un anuit oent din trecut
?. pentru a arata ca o actiune trecuta a fost intrerupta de o alta
@. folosind "5ast 4ontinuous "ense" pentru actiuni trecute sublinieaza ideea de paralelis$ siultaneitate (se cunoaste
tipul)
:. pentru a e-pria iritarea !is(a(!is de actiuni care se repetau in trecut
G. pentru a e-pria conditionalul prezent ireal continuu

"recutul $erfect# "he $ast $erfect "ense
1. e-pria o actiune anterioara altei actiuni din trecut sau anterioara unui oent din trecut
?. in constructiile care folosesc 4onditional in "recut (Ireal)
@. pot e-pria o dorinta nerealizata
:. e-pria o actiune anterioara unei actiuni a carui tip e "8uture(in(the(5ast"

"recutul $erfect Continuu# "he $ast $erfect Continuous "ense
1. e-pria o actiune continua inainte unei actiuni situate in trecut

5C+H+>"D7E 5C+S+>" - in limba engleza
$re!entul 2im*lu# 2im*le $resent "ense
1. pentru a e-pria ade!aruri general !alabile (nu poti sa le schibi in !iitor)
?. pentru a e-pria actiuni care se repeta in od regulat (sau nu se repeta deloc si de!in general !alabile)
@. in !orbirea directa pentru a arca ce a spus cine!a
:. pentru a e-pria actiuni planificate in !iitor
G. in odul conditional (4onditional 5rezent Ceal)
I. cateodata cand se po!esteste o intaplare (de regula se folosesc si e-presii$ cu!inte care sa accentueze surprinderea$ sau
rapiditatea cu care se intapla o alta actiune paralela sau iediat uratoare actiunii de baza)

$re!entul /2im*lu0 Continuu# $resent "ense Continuous
1. pentru o actiune ce are loc in prezent si e in progres (are loc chiar acu)
?. pentru o actiune ce are loc in prezent si e in progres (dar care se !a terina in !iitorul ai departat)
@. pentru a e-pria planuri in !iitorul apropiat (are nuanta subiecti!a; 5rezentul Siplu in acest caz nu are nuanta
subiecti!a)
:. pentru o actiune care se repeta regulat$ frec!ent

$re!entul $erfect# "he $resent $erfect "ense
1. pentru o actiune trecuta cand nu se precizeaza tipul e-act (dar se stie ca e in trecut)
?. actiunea din trecut are repercursiuni in prezent
@. actiunea e terinata in trecutul apropiat.
:. cand actiunea e inceputa in trecut$ continua in prezent si se folosesc 8JC sau SI>4+
G. in propozitiile care se folosesc ad!erbele #+" (=I>4A) si A7C+A9# (=9+)A)
I. cand actiunea trecuta s(a desfasurat intr(o perioada care a inceput in trecut dar care nu s(a terinat

$re!entul $erfect Continuu# $resent $erfect Continuous "ense
1. cand actiunea e inceputa in trecut$ continua (8ACA I>"C+CD5+C+) in prezent si se folosesc 8JC sau SI>4+
?. actiunea tocai s(a terinat (si dori sa sublinie asta)

,II"JCD7E 8D"DC+ - in limba engleza
%iitorul sim*lu# 2im*le &uture "ense
1.,iitorul siplu se foloseste in propozitiile siple si in cele subordonate care incep cu !erbe ce e-pria proisiunea$
actiuni neplanificate$ predictii. In aceste cazuri$ de regula$ in propozitia principala a!e !erbe precu: thin&$ assue$
e-pect$ hope$ doubt$ beli!e$ suppose$ be sorry$ %onder$ be sure pentru a e-pria opiniiE optiuni personale despre o actiune
!iitoare.

%iitorul Continuu# &uture Continuous "ense
1. la un anuit tip in !iitor actiunea e in desfasurare (incepuse inainte de acel oentE tip)
?. o actiune !iitoare se !a intinde pe toata durata !iitoare

%iitorul $erfect# &uture $erfect "ense
1. Se foloseste pentru actiuni !iitoare care se terina inaintea altei actiuniE altui e!enient !iitor.

%iitorul $erfect Continuu# &uture $erfect Continuous
1. Se foloseste pentru actiuni !iitoare care incep si >D se terina inaintea altei actiuniE altui e!enient !iitor

%iitorul in "recut# "he &uture'in'the'$ast
1. e-pria o actiune !iitoare unei actiuni trecute
"recutul 2im*lu in engle!a
/"he 2im*le $ast "ense0
Cum se formeaza : Acest tip deseneaza o actiune care a a!ut loc in trecut$ dar care este
aintita in oentul prezent.
a0 %6BACed ((K pentru !erbele regulate.
b0 forma a 1'a a verbelor neregulate ((K pentru !erbele neregulate.
Jbser!atii: -0 consoana finala a formei de infinitive se dublea!a cand vocala care o *recede este
scurta si accentuate:
top -- topped
pre%er -- pre%erred
! verbele terminate in "y precedat de consoana il schimba in "i#
tudy -- tudied
$! verbele terminate in "e adauga doar "d#
move -- moved
Cand se foloseste & Exemple :
-. actiunea e in trecutD tim*ul e definit cu eEactitate (last %ee&$ last onth$ last year$ that day$ that %ee&$ that year$ in
1FF3$ on "hursday$ 13 years ago)
I visited 7ondon 13 years ago. (A !izitat 7ondra acu 13 ani.)
1. *entru o actiune care era o obistuinta in trecut /acum nu mai e0
Le went to the ;lac& See e!ery year. (acum nu mai mergem in %iecare an la .area /eagra)
(A ers la 'area >eagra in fiecare an. EJbisnuia sa erge la 'area >eagra in fiecare an)
4. in fra!e ce im*lica utili!area lui F$resent Conditional /Gnreal0F
Lhere would you stay if you went to ;ucharestM (Dnde ai sta daca ai erge la ;ucurestiM)
"o would hel* e %ith y hoe%or& if he had tie. ("o (ar a6uta cu teele daca ar a!ea tip.)
5. in fra!e ce im*lica utili!area lui F&uture'in'the'$astF (cand actiunile !iitoare fata de actiunea trecuta sunt
siultane)Ne proised e that %e %ould go to Italy %hen he had tie. (when arata siultaneitatea)
('i(a prois ca !o erge in Italia cand !a a!ea tip.)
"recutul /2im*lu0 Continuu /"he $ast "ense Continuous0
Cum se formea!a H was#were C *resent *artici*le
Cand se foloseste I 6Eem*leH
-. *entru a eE*rima o actiune in *rogres la un anumit moment din trecut
I reeber that yesterday at G 5 I was watching ",. (Ii aintesc ca ieri la ora G p$ a uita la "!.)
1. *entru a arata ca o actiune trecuta a fost intreru*ta de o alta
I was *laying a coputer gae %hen she called. ('a 6uca pe calculator cand ea a sunat.)
Lhile %e were having the picnic$ it started to rain. (In tip ce era la picnic$ a inceput sa ploua.)
4. folosind F$ast Continuous "enseF *entru actiuni trecute subliniea!a ideea de *aralelism,
simultaneitate (se cunoaste tipul)
7ast e!ening at G 5$ I was studying %hile he was making dinner. (Seara trecuta$ la ora G p$ eu in!ata
in tip ce el pregatea cina.)
5. *entru a eE*rima iritarea vis'a'vis de actiuni care se re*etau in trecut
Ne was constantlyE al%ays coming late to the +nglish class. (Intotdeauna !enea tarziu la ora de engleza.)
7. *entru a eE*rima conditionalul *re!ent ireal continuu
Lhat %ould you say if the boy were studying no% M ()icutie intre parinti cand e pregatec a intre in
camera copiilor. 0i nu e ateapta ca baiatul lor a invete acum.) (4e ai spune daca baiatul ar in!ata
acuM)
"recutul $erfect /"he $ast $erfect "ense0
Cum se formea!a : had C *ast *artici*le
Cand se foloseste I 6Eem*le H
-. eE*rima o actiune anterioara altei actiuni din trecut sau anterioara unui moment din trecut
"he little boy said that he had seen a flying saucer in the garden. (;aietelul a spus ca !azuse o farfurie
zburatoare in gradina.)
"he little spo&e as if he had seen a flying saucer. ('icutul a !orbit ca si cu !azuse o farfurie zburatoare.)
1. in constructiile care folosesc Conditional in "recut /Ireal0
"o would have hel*ed e %ith y hoe%or& if he had had tie. (ituatie ipotetica in trecut)
("o (ar fi a6utat cu teele daca ar fi a!ut tip.)
4. *ot eE*rima o dorinta nereali!ata
I %ish I hadnJt missed the buss. (Ii doresc sa nu fi pierdut autobuzul.)
I %ished I hadnJt missed the buss. ('i(as fi dorit sa nu fi pierdut autobuzul.)
5. eE*rima o actiune anterioara unei actiuni a carui tim* e F&uture'in'the'$astF
"o said that he %ould go to +ngland after he had learned +nglish a little bit. ("o a spus ca !a erge in
Anglia$ dupa ce !a in!ata putina engleza.)
"recutul $erfect Continuu /"he $ast $erfect Continuous "ense0
Cum se formea!a : had been C *resent *artici*le
Cand se foloseste I 6Eem*leH
-. eE*rima o actiune continua inainte unei actiuni situate in trecut
"hey had been talking for o!er t%o hours before "o arri!ed. (+i !orbeau de peste doua ore$ cand "o a
a6uns.)
Aceeasi situatie poate fi prezenta si in !orbirea indirecta:
)ohn said that he had been watching ", at F oOcloc&. ()ohn a spus ca se uitase la ", la ora F. )