BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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CHNG 1:
TONG QUAN VE MANG
THE HE MI
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I. MANG VIEN THONG HIEN TAI
1. Khai niem ve mang vien thong
Mang vien thong la phng tien truyen a thong tin t au phat ti
au thu. Mang co nhiem vu cung cap cac dch vu cho khach hang.
Mang vien thong bao gom cac thanh phan chnh: thiet b chuyen mach,
thiet b truyen dan, moi trng truyen va thiet b au cuoi.
Thiet b chuyen
mach
Thiet b truyen
dan
Thiet b chuyen
mach
Thiet b truyen
dan
Moi trng
truyen dan

Hnh 1-1 Cac thanh phan chnh cua mang vien thong
Thiet b chuyen mach gom co tong ai noi hat va tong ai qua
giang. Cac thue bao c noi vao tong ai noi hat va tong ai noi
hat c noi vao tong ai qua giang. Nh cac thiet b chuyen mach
ma ng truyen dan c dung chung va mang co the c s dung
mot cach kinh te.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Thiet b truyen dan dung e noi thiet b au cuoi vi tong ai, hay
gia cac tong ai e thc hien viec truyen a cac tn hieu ien.
Thiet b truyen dan chia lam hai loai: thiet b truyen dan pha thue
bao va thiet b truyen dan cap quang. Thiet b truyen dan pha thue
bao dung moi trng thng la cap kim loai, tuy nhien co mot so
trng hp moi trng truyen la cap quang hoac vo tuyen.
Moi trng truyen bao gom truyen hu tuyen va vo tuyen. Truyen
hu tuyen bao gom cap kim loai, cap quang. Truyen vo tuyen bao
gom vi ba, ve tinh.
Thiet b au cuoi cho mang thoai truyen thong gom may ien thoai,
may Fax, may tnh, tong ai PABX.
Mang vien thong cung co the c nh ngha nh sau: Mang vien
thong la mot he thong gom cac nut chuyen mach c noi vi nhau bang
cac ng truyen dan. Nut c phan thanh nhieu cap va ket hp vi cac
ng truyen dan tao thanh cac cap mang khac nhau.
Sub Sub
Sub Sub
Sub
Sub Sub
Sub
HLE
HLE
TE TE
RLE RLE
GW
GW : Gateway - Tong ai quoc te
TE : Transit Exchange - Tong ai chuyen tiep quoc gia
HLE : Host Local Exchange - Tong ai noi hat
RLE : Remote Local Exchange - Tong ai xa ( Tong ai ve tinh)
Sub : Subcriber - Thue bao

Hnh 1-2 Cau hnh mang c ban

Mang vien thong hien nay c chia thanh nhieu loai. o la mang mac
li, mang sao, mang tong hp, mang vong kn va mang thang. Cac loai
mang nay co u iem va nhc iem khac nhau e phu hp vi cac ac
iem cua tng vung a ly (trung tam, hai ao, bien gii,) hay vung lu
lng (lu thoai cao, thap,).
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Mang vien thong hien nay c phan cap nh sau:
Cap 1
Cap 5
Cap 4
Cap 3
Cap 2
Tong ai quoc te
Tong ai khu vc
Tong ai noi hat
Tong ai tandem noi hat
hoac noi tnh
Tong ai chuyen tiep
quoc gia

Hnh 1-3 Cau truc mang phan cap
Trong mang hien nay gom 5 nut:
Nut cap 1: trung tam chuyen mach qua giang quoc te.
Nut cap 2: trung tam chuyen mach qua giang ng dai.
Nut cap 3: trung tam chuyen mach qua giang noi hat.
Nut cap 4: trung tam chuyen mach noi hat.
Nut cap 5: trung tam chuyen mach t xa.
2. Cac ac iem cua mang vien thong hien nay
Cac mang vien thong hien tai co ac iem chung la ton tai mot cach
rieng le, ng vi moi loai dch vu thong tin lai co t nhat mot loai mang vien
thong rieng biet e phuc vu dch vu o.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Mang Telex: dung e gi cac bc ien di dang ky t a c ma
hoa bang 5 bit (ma Baudot). Toc o truyen rat thap (t 75 ti 300
bit/s)
Mang ien thoai cong cong, con goi la mang POTS (Plain Old
Telephone Service): ay thong tin tieng noi c so hoa va
chuyen mach he thong chuyen mach ien thoai cong cong PSTN.
Mang truyen so lieu: bao gom cac mang chuyen mach goi e trao
oi so lieu gia cac may tnh da tren giao thc cua X.25 va he
thong truyen so lieu chuyen mach kenh da tren cac giao thc X.21.
Cac tn hieu truyen hnh co the c truyen theo ba cach: truyen
bang song vo tuyen, truyen qua he thong mang truyen hnh cap
CATV (Community Antenna Television) bang cap ong truc hoac
truyen qua he thong ve tinh, hay con goi la truyen hnh trc tiep
DBS (Direct Broadcast System).
Trong pham vi c quan, so lieu gia cac may tnh c trao oi
thong qua mang cuc bo LAN (Local Area Network) ma noi tieng
nhat la mang Ethernet, Token Bus va Token Ring.
Moi mang c thiet ke cho cac dch vu rieng biet va khong the s
dung cho cac muc ch khac. V du ta khong the truyen tieng noi qua mang
chuyen mach goi X.25 v tre qua mang nay qua ln.
Qua kh la ban ap cua tng lai. Do vay trc khi tm hieu mang
vien thong the he mi NGN, chung ta can rut kinh nghiem t lch s phat
trien cua cac mang hien tai ma tieu bieu la:
Xet ve goc o dch vu th gom cac mang sau: mang ien thoai co
nh, mang ien thoai di ong va mang truyen so lieu.
Xet ve goc o ky thuat bao gom cac mang chuyen mach, mang
truyen dan, mang truy nhap, mang bao hieu va mang ong bo.
PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) la mang chuyen mach
thoai cong cong. PSTN phuc vu thoai va bao gom hai loai tong ai: tong ai
noi hat (cap 5), va tong ai tandem (tong ai qua giang noi hat, cap 4). Tong
ai tandem c noi vao cac tong ai Toll e giam mc phan cap. Phng
phap nang cap cac tandem la bo sung cho moi nut mot ATM core. Cac ATM
core se cung cap dch vu bang rong cho thue bao, ong thi hp nhat cac
mang so lieu hien nay vao mang chung ISDN. Cac tong ai cap 4 va cap 5
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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la cac tong ai loai ln. Cac tong ai nay co kien truc tap trung, cau truc
phan mem va phan cng oc quyen.
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) la mang so tch hp dch
vu. ISDN cung cap nhieu loai ng dung thoai va phi thoai trong cung mot
mang va xay dng giao tiep ngi s dung mang a dch vu bang mot so
gii han cac ket noi ISDN cung cap nhieu ng dung khac nhau bao gom cac
ket noi chuyen mach va khong chuyen mach. Cac ket noi chuyen mach cua
ISDN bao gom nhieu chuyen mach thc, chuyen mach goi va s ket hp cua
chung. Cac dch vu mi phai tng hp vi cac ket noi chuyen mach so 64
kbit/s. ISDN phai cha s thong minh e cung cap cho cac dch vu, bao
dng va cac chc nang quan ly mang, tuy nhien tnh thong minh nay co the
khong u e cho mot vai dch vu mi va can c tang cng t mang hoac
t s thong minh thch ng trong cac thiet b au cuoi cua ngi s dung. S
dung kien truc phan lp lam ac trng cua truy xuat ISDN. Truy xuat cua
ngi s dung en nguon ISDN co the khac nhau tuy thuoc vao dch vu yeu
cau va tnh trang ISDN cua tng quoc gia. Can thay rang ISDN c s
dung vi nhieu cau hnh khac nhau tuy theo hien trang mang vien thong cua
tng quoc gia.
PSDN (Public Switching Data Network) la mang chuyen mach so lieu
cong cong. PSDN chu yeu cung cap cac dch vu so lieu. Mang PSDN bao
gom cac PoP (Point of Presence) va cac thiet b truy nhap t xa. Hien nay
PSDN ang phat trien vi toc o rat nhanh do s bung no cua dch vu
Internet va cac mang rieng ao (Virtual Private Network).
Mang di ong GSM (Global System for Mobile Telecom) la mang cung
cap dch vu thoai tng t nh PSTN nhng qua ng truy nhap vo tuyen.
Mang nay chuyen mach da tren cong nghe ghep kenh phan thi gian va
cong nghe ghep kenh phan tan so. Cac thanh phan c ban cua mang nay la:
BSC (Base Station Controller), BTS (Base Transfer Station), HLR (Home
Location Register), VLR ( Visitor Location Register) va MS ( Mobile
Subscriber).
Hien nay cac nha cung cap dch vu thu c li nhuan phan ln t cac
dch vu nh leased line, Frame Relay, ATM, va cac dch vu ket noi c ban.
Tuy nhien xu hng giam li nhuan t cac dch vu nay bat buoc cac nha
khai thac phai tm dch vu mi da tren IP e am bao li nhuan lau dai.
VPN la mot hng i cua cac nha khai thac. Cac dch vu da tren nen IP
cung cap ket noi gia mot nhom cac user xuyen qua mang ha tang cong
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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cong. VPN co the ap ng cac nhu cau cua khach hang bang cac ket noi
dang any-to-any, cac lp a dch vu, cac dch vu gia thanh quan ly thap,
rieng t, tch hp xuyen suot cung vi cac mang Intranet/Extranet. Mot
nhom cac user trong Intranet va Extranet co the hoat ong thong qua mang
co nh tuyen IP. Cac mang rieng ao co chi ph van hanh thap hn han so
vi mang rieng tren phng tien quan ly, bang thong va dung lng. Hieu
mot cach n gian, VPN la mot mang m rong t quan nh mot s la chon
c s ha tang cua mang WAN. VPN co the lien ket cac user thuoc mot nhom
kn hay gia cac nhom khac nhau. VPN c nh ngha bang mot che o
quan ly. Cac thue bao VPN co the di chuyen en mot ket noi mem deo trai
dai t mang cuc bo en mang hoan chnh. Cac thue bao nay co the dung
trong cung (Intranet) hoac khac (Extranet) to chc.
Tuy nhien can lu y rang hien nay mang PSTN/ISDN van ang la
mang cung cap cac dch vu d lieu.
3. S lc mang vien thong Viet Nam
Cau truc mang
e phuc vu cho cac dch vu thong tin nh thoai, so lieu, fax, telex va
cac dch vu khac nh ien thoai di ong , nhan tin, nen nc ta hien nay
ngoai mang chuyen mach cong cong con co cac mang cua mot so dch vu
khac. Rieng mang Telex khong ket noi vi mang thoai cua VNPT, con cac
mang khac eu c ket noi vao mang cua VNPT thong qua cac kenh trung
ke hoac cac bo MSU (Main Switch Unit), mot so khac lai truy nhap vao
mang PSTN qua cac kenh thue bao bnh thng, s dung ky thuat DLC
(Digital Loop Carrier), ky thuat truy nhap vo tuyen,
Ve cau truc mang, mang vien thong cua VNPT hien nay chia thanh 3
cap: cap quoc te, cap quoc gia, cap noi tnh/thanh pho.
Xet ve kha canh cac chc nang cua cac he thong thiet b tren mang th
mang vien thong bao gom: mang chuyen mach, mang truy nhap, mang
truyen dan va cac mang chc nang.
Mang chuyen mach
Mang chuyen mach co 4 cap (da tren cac cap tong ai chuyen mach):
qua giang quoc te, qua giang ng dai, noi tnh va noi hat. Rieng tai thanh
pho Ho Ch Minh co them cap qua giang noi hat.
Hien nay mang VNPT a co cac trung tam chuyen mach quoc te va
chuyen mach quoc gia Ha Noi, a Nang, Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh. Mach
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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cua cac bu ien tnh cung ang phat trien m rong. Nhieu tnh, thanh pho
xuat hien cac cau truc mang vi nhieu tong ai Host, cac thanh pho ln nh
Ha Noi, Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh a va ang trien khai cac Tandem noi hat.
Mang vien thong cua VNPT hien tai c chia lam 5 cap, trong tng
lai se c giam t 5 cap xuong 4 cap.
Mang nay do cac thanh vien cua VNPT ieu hanh: o la VTI, VTN va
cac bu ien tnh. VTI quan ly cac tong ai chuyen mach qua giang quoc te,
VTN quan ly cac tong ai chuyen mach qua giang ng dai tai 3 trung tam
Ha Noi, a Nang va TpHCM. Phan con lai do cac bu ien tnh quan ly.
Cac loai tong ai co tren mang vien thong Viet Nam: A1000E cua
Alcatel, NEAX61 cua NEC, AXE10 cua Ericsson, EWSD cua Siemens.
Cac cong nghe chuyen mach c s dung: chuyen mach kenh
(PSTN), X.25 relay, ATM (so lieu).
Nhn chung mang chuyen mach tai Viet Nam con nhieu cap va viec
ieu khien b phan tan trong mang (ieu khien nam tai cac tong ai).
Mang truy nhap
Vi tng mang cung cap dch vu khac nhau ma co mang truy nhap
tng ng. Viec tm hieu mang truy nhap cua cac mang hien co tren mang
la phan SV t nghien cu.
Mang truyen dan
Cac he thong thiet b truyen dan tren mang vien thong VNPT hien nay
chu yeu s dung hai loai cong nghe la: cap quang SDH va vi ba PDH.
Cap quang SDH: Thiet b nay do nhieu hang khac nhau cung cap la:
Northern Telecom, Siemens, Fujitsu, Alcatel, Lucent, NEC, Nortel.
Cac thiet b co dung lng 155Mb/s, 622 Mb/s, 2.5 Gb/s.
Vi ba PDH: Thiet b nay cung co nguon goc t nhieu hang cung cap
khac nhau nh Siemens, Alcatel, Fujitsu, SIS, SAT, NOKIA, AWA.
Dung lng 140 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s va n*2 Mb/s. Cong nghe vi ba SDH
c s dung han che vi so lng t.
Mang truyen dan co 2 cap: mang truyen dan lien tnh va mang truyen
dan noi tnh.
* Mang truyen dan lien tnh
Bao gom cac he thong truyen dan bang cap quang, bang vo tuyen.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Mang truyen dan lien tnh bang cap quang:
Mang truyen dan ng truc quoc gia noi gia Ha Noi va
TpHCM dai 4000km, s dung STM-16/2F-BSHR, c chia
thanh 4 vong ring tai Ha Tnh, a Nang, Qui Nhn va TpHCM.
Vong 1: Ha Noi Ha Tnh (884km)
Vong 2: Ha Tnh a Nang (834km)
Vong 3: a Nang Qui Nhn (817km)
Vong 4: Qui Nhn TpHCM (1424km)
Cac ng truyen dan khac: Ha Noi Hai Phong, Ha Noi
Hoa Bnh, TpHCM Vung Tau, Ha Noi Phu Ly Nam
nh, a Nang Tam Ky. Cac tuyen truyen dan lien tnh nay
dung STM-4. Rieng tuyen Ha Noi Nam nh, a Nang
Tam Ky van con s dung PDH, trong tng lai se thay the bang
SDH.
Mang truyen dan lien tnh bang vo tuyen:
Dung he thong vi ba SDH (STM-1, dung lng 155Mbps),
PDH (dung lng 4Mbps, 6Mbps, 140Mbps). Ch co tuyen Bai
Chay Hon Gai dung SDH, cac tuyen khac dung PDH.
* Mang truyen dan noi tnh
Khoang 88% cac tuyen truyen dan noi tnh s dung he thong vi ba.
Trong tng lai khi nhu cau tai tang th cac tuyen nay se c thay the
bi he thong truyen dan quang.
Mang bao hieu
Hien nay tren mang vien thong Viet Nam s dung ca hai loai bao hieu
R2 va SS7. Mang bao hieu so 7 (SS7) c a vao khai thac tai Viet Nam
theo chien lc trien khai t tren xuong di theo tieu chuan cua ITU (khai
thac th nghiem t nam 1995 tai VTN va VTI). Cho en nay, mang bao hieu
so 7 a hnh thanh vi mot cap STP (iem chuyen mach bao hieu) tai 3
trung tam (Ha Noi, a Nang, Ho Ch Minh) cua 3 khu vc (Bac, Trung,
Nam) va a phuc vu kha hieu qua.
Bao hieu cho PSTN ta co R2 va SS7, oi vi mang truyen so lieu qua
IP co H.323, oi vi ISDN co bao hieu kenh D, Q.931,
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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STP
STP
STP
STP STP STP
STP STP
STP
STP
SP
SP
SP
SP
STP STP
Gateway
Mat A
Mat B
STP quoc gia
Khu vc cac tnh
pha Bac
Khu vc Ha Noi
STP
Khu vc cac tnh
mien Trung
Khu vc Thanh
pho Ch Minh
Khu vc cac tnh
pha Nam

Hnh 1-4 Mang bao hieu Viet Nam

Mang ong bo
Mang ong bo cua VNPT a thc hien xay dng giai oan 1 va giai
oan 2 vi ba ong ho chu PRC tai Ha Noi, a Nang, TP Ho Ch Minh va
mot so ong ho th cap SSU. Mang ong bo Viet Nam hoat ong theo
nguyen tac chu t co d phong, bao gom 4 cap, hai loai giao dien chuyen
giao tn hieu ong bo chu yeu la 2 MHz va 2 Mb/s. Pha 3 cua qua trnh phat
trien mang ong bo ang c trien khai nham nang cao hn na chat lng
mang va chat lng dch vu.
Cac cap cua mang ong bo c phan thanh 4 cap nh sau:
1. Cap 0: cap ong ho chu.
2. Cap 1: cap nut quoc te va nut quoc gia.
3. Cap 2: cap nut noi hat.
4. Cap 3: cap nut noi hat.
Mang c phan thanh 3 vung oc lap, moi vung co 2 ong ho mau,
mot ong ho chnh (Cesium) va mot ong ho d phong (GSP). Cac ong ho
nay c at tai trung tam cua 3 vung va c ieu chnh theo phng thc
can ong bo.
Cac tong ai quoc te va Toll trong vung c ieu khien bi ong ho
chu theo phng phap chu t.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Cac tong ai Tandem va Host tai cac tnh hoat ong bam theo cac tong
ai Toll theo phng phap chu t. Cac tong ai huyen (RSS) cung hoat ong
bam theo cac Host theo phng phap chu t.
Mang quan ly
D an xay dng trung tam quan ly mang vien thong quoc gia ang
trong qua trnh chuan b e tien ti trien khai.
Cac nha cung cap dch vu
Tai nc ta co 2 dang nha cung cap dch vu: o la cac nha cung cap
dch vu truyen thong (chu yeu la thoai) va nha cung cap dch vu mi (cac
dch vu so lieu, Internet, ).
Cac nha khai thac dch vu truyen thong bao gom tong cong ty bu
chnh vien thong Viet Nam (VNPT), cong ty vien thong quan oi (Vietel),
cong ty co phan vien thong Sai Gon (SPT), cong ty vien thong ien lc
(ETC).
Cac nha khai thac dch vu mi bao gom FPT, SPT, Netnam,
4. Nhng han che cua mang Vien thong hien tai
Nh a phan tch tren, hien nay co rat nhieu loai mang khac nhau
cung song song ton tai. Moi mang lai yeu cau phng phap thiet ke, san
xuat, van hanh, bao dng khac nhau. Nh vay he thong mang vien thong
hien tai co rat nhieu nhc iem ma quan trong nhat la:
Ch truyen c cac dch vu oc lap tng ng vi tng mang.
Thieu mem deo: S ra i cua cac cong nghe mi anh hng manh
me ti toc o truyen tn hieu. Ngoai ra, se xuat hien nhieu dch vu
truyen thong trong tng lai ma hien nay cha d oan c, moi
loai dch vu se co toc o truyen khac nhau. Ta de dang nhan thay
mang hien tai se rat kho thch nghi vi nhng oi hoi nay.
Kem hieu qua trong viec bao dng, van hanh cung nh s dung
tai nguyen. Tai nguyen san co trong mot mang khong the chia se
cho cac mang khac cung s dung.
Mat khac, mang vien thong hien nay c thiet ke nham muc ch khai
thac dch vu thoai la chu yeu. Do o, ng goc o nay, mang a phat trien
ti mot mc gan nh gii han ve s cong kenh va mang ton tai mot so
khuyet iem can khac phuc.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Kien truc tong ai oc quyen lam cho cac nha khai thac gan nh
phu thuoc hoan toan vao cac nha cung cap tong ai. ieu nay
khong nhng lam giam sc canh tranh cho cac nha khai thac, ac
biet la nhng nha khai thac nho, ma con ton nhieu thi gian va tien
bac khi muon nang cap va ng dung cac phan mem mi.
Cac tong ai chuyen mach kenh a khai thac het nang lc va tr
nen lac hau oi vi nhu cau cua khach hang. Cac chuyen mach
Class5 ang ton tai lam han che kha nang sang tao va trien khai
cac dch vu mi, t o dan en viec lam giam li nhuan cua cac
nha khai thac.
S bung no lu lng thong tin a kham pha s kem hieu qua cua
chuyen mach kenh TDM. Chuyen mach kenh truyen thong ch
dung e truyen cac lu lng thoai co the d oan trc, va no
khong ho tr lu lng d lieu tang ot bien mot cach hieu qua.
Khi lng d lieu tang vt lu lng thoai, ac biet oi vi dch
vu truy cap Internet quay so trc tiep, thng xay ra nghen mach
do nguon tai nguyen han hep. Trong khi o, chuyen mach kenh
lam lang ph bang thong khi cac mach eu roi trong mot khoang
thi gian ma khong co tn hieu nao c truyen i.
ng trc tnh hnh phat trien cua mang vien thong hien nay, cac nha
khai thac nhan thay rang s hoi tu gia mang PSTN va mang PSDN la
chac chan xay ra. Ho can co mot c s ha tang duy nhat cung cap cho moi
dch vu (tng t - so, bang hep - bang rong, c ban - a phng tien,) e
viec quan ly tap trung, giam chi ph bao dng va van hanh, ong thi ho tr
cac dch vu cua mang hien nay.
II. MANG VIEN THONG THE HE MI (Next Generation Network)
1. nh ngha
Mang vien thong the he mi co nhieu ten goi khac nhau, chang han
nh:
Mang a dch vu (cung cap nhieu loai dch vu khac nhau)
Mang hoi tu (ho tr cho ca lu lng thoai va d lieu, cau truc mang
hoi tu)
Mang phan phoi (phan phoi tnh thong minh cho moi phan t trong
mang)
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Mang nhieu lp (mang c phan phoi ra nhieu lp mang co chc
nang oc lap nhng ho tr nhau thay v mot khoi thong nhat nh
trong mang TDM).
Cho ti hien nay, mac du cac to chc vien thong quoc te va cung cac
nha cung cap thiet b vien thong tren the gii eu rat quan tam va nghien
cu ve chien lc phat trien NGN nhng van cha co mot nh ngha cu the
va chnh xac nao cho mang NGN. Do o nh ngha mang NGN neu ra ay
khong the bao ham het moi chi tiet ve mang the he mi, nhng no co the
tng oi la khai niem chung nhat khi e cap en NGN.
Bat nguon t s phat trien cua cong nghe thong tin, cong nghe chuyen
mach goi va cong nghe truyen dan bang rong, mang thong tin the he mi
(NGN) ra i la mang co c s ha tang thong tin duy nhat da tren cong
nghe chuyen mach goi, trien khai cac dch vu mot cach a dang va nhanh
chong, ap ng s hoi tu gia thoai va so lieu, gia co nh va di ong.
Nh vay, co the xem mang thong tin the he mi la s tch hp mang
thoai PSTN, chu yeu da tren ky thuat TDM, vi mang chuyen mach goi,
da tren ky thuat IP/ATM. No co the truyen tai tat ca cac dch vu von co
cua PSTN ong thi cung co the nhap mot lng d lieu rat ln vao mang
IP, nh o co the giam nhe ganh nang cua PSTN.
Tuy nhien, NGN khong ch n thuan la s hoi tu gia thoai va d lieu
ma con la s hoi tu gia truyen dan quang va cong nghe goi, gia mang co
nh va di ong. Van e chu ao ay la lam sao co the tan dung het li the
em en t qua trnh hoi tu nay. Mot van e quan trong khac la s bung no
nhu cau cua ngi s dung cho mot khoi lng ln dch vu va ng dung phc
tap bao gom ca a phng tien, phan ln trong o la khong c tru lieu khi
xay dng cac he thong mang hien nay.
2. ac iem cua mang NGN
Mang NGN co bon ac iem chnh:
1. Nen tang la he thong mang m.
2. Mang NGN la do mang dch vu thuc ay, nhng dch vu phai thc hien
oc lap vi mang li.
3. Mang NGN la mang chuyen mach goi, da tren mot giao thc thong
nhat.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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4. La mang co dung lng ngay cang tang, co tnh thch ng cung ngay
cang tang, co u dung lng e ap ng nhu cau.
Trc het, do ap dung c cau m ma :
- Cac khoi chc nang cua tong ai truyen thong chia thanh cac phan
t mang oc lap, cac phan t c phan theo chc nang tng ng,
va phat trien mot cach oc lap.
- Giao dien va giao thc gia cac bo phan phai da tren cac tieu
chuan tng ng.
Viec phan tach lam cho mang vien thong von co dan dan i theo hng
mi, nha kinh doanh co the can c vao nhu cau dch vu e t to hp cac
phan t khi to chc mang li. Viec tieu chuan hoa giao thc gia cac phan
t co the thc hien noi thong gia cac mang co cau hnh khac nhau.
Tiep en, mang NGN la mang dch vu thuc ay, vi ac iem cua:
Chia tach dch vu vi ieu khien cuoc goi
Chia tach cuoc goi vi truyen tai
Muc tieu chnh cua chia tach la lam cho dch vu thc s oc lap vi
mang, thc hien mot cach linh hoat va co hieu qua viec cung cap dch vu.
Thue bao co the t bo tr va xac nh ac trng dch vu cua mnh, khong
quan tam en mang truyen tai dch vu va loai hnh au cuoi. ieu o lam
cho viec cung cap dch vu va ng dung co tnh linh hoat cao.
Th ba, NGN la mang chuyen mach goi, giao thc thong nhat. Mang
thong tin hien nay, du la mang vien thong, mang may tnh hay mang truyen
hnh cap, eu khong the lay mot trong cac mang o lam nen tang e xay
dng c s ha tang thong tin. Nhng may nam gan ay, cung vi s phat
trien cua cong nghe IP, ngi ta mi nhan thay ro rang la mang vien thong,
mang may tnh va mang truyen hnh cap cuoi cung roi cung tch hp trong
mot mang IP thong nhat, o la xu the ln ma ngi ta thng goi la dung
hp ba mang. Giao thc IP lam cho cac dch vu lay IP lam c s eu co the
thc hien noi thong cac mang khac nhau; con ngi lan au tien co c
giao thc thong nhat ma ba mang ln eu co the chap nhan c; at c s
vng chac ve mat ky thuat cho ha tang c s thong tin quoc gia (NII).
Giao thc IP thc te a tr thanh giao thc ng dung van nang va bat
au c s dung lam c s cho cac mang a dch vu, mac du hien tai van
con the bat li so vi cac chuyen mach kenh ve mat kha nang ho tr lu
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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lng thoai va cung cap chat lng dch vu am bao cho so lieu. Toc o oi
mi nhanh chong trong the gii Internet, ma no c tao ieu kien bi s
phat trien cua cac tieu chuan m se sm khac phuc nhng thieu sot nay.
GSM
Softswich
IP QoS
Network
Signaling
gateway
Media
gateway
PSTN
GPRS
WLAN
Bluetooth
Internet
Resident
gateway
Mobile Client
Direct Client
Internet
services
Application &
services
3G

Hnh 1-5 Topo mang the he sau
3. ong c xuat hien mang the he mi
Yeu to hang au la toc o phat trien theo ham so mu cua nhu cau
truyen dan d lieu va cac dch vu d lieu la ket qua cua tang trng Internet
manh me. Cac he thong mang cong cong hien nay chu yeu c xay dng
nham truyen dan lu lng thoai, truyen d lieu thong tin va video a c
van chuyen tren cac mang chong lan, tach ri c trien khai e ap ng
nhng yeu cau cua chung. Do vay, mot s chuyen oi sang he thong mang
chuyen mach goi tap trung la khong the tranh khoi khi ma d lieu thay the
v tr cua thoai va tr thanh nguon tao ra li nhuan chnh. Cung vi s bung
no Internet tren toan cau, rat nhieu kha nang mang the he mi se da tren
giao thc IP. Tuy nhien, thoai van la mot dch vu quan trong va do o,
nhng thay oi nay dan ti yeu cau truyen thoai chat lng cao qua IP.
Nhng ly do chnh dan ti s xuat hien cua mang the he mi :
Cai thien chi ph au t
Cong nghe can ban lien quan en chuyen mach kenh truyen thong
c cai tien cham tre va cham trien khai ket hp vi nen cong nghiep may
tnh. Cac chuyen mach kenh nay hien ang chiem phan ln trong c s ha
tang PSTN. Tuy nhien chung cha that s toi u cho mang truyen so lieu.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Ket qua la ngay cang co nhieu dong lu lng so lieu tren mang PSTN en
mang Internet va se xuat hien mot giai phap vi nh hng so lieu lam
trong tam e thiet ke mang chuyen mach tng lai, nen tang da tren cong
nghe chuyen mach goi cho ca thoai va d lieu.
Cac giao dien m tai tng lp mang cho phep nha khai thac la chon
nha cung cap co hieu qua nhat cho tng lp mang cua ho. Truyen tai da
tren goi cho phep phan bo bang tan linh hoat, loai bo nhu cau nhom trung ke
kch thc co nh cho thoai, nh o giup cac nha khai thac quan ly mang de
dang hn, nang cap mot cach hieu qua phan mem trong cac nut ieu khien
mang, giam chi ph khai thac he thong.
Xu the oi mi vien thong
Khac vi kha canh ky thuat, qua trnh giai the ang anh hng manh
me en cach thc hoat ong cua cac nha khai thac vien thong ln tren the
gii. Xuyen suot qua trnh c goi la mach vong noi hat khong tron goi,
cac luat le cua chnh phu tren toan the gii a ep buoc cac nha khai thac ln
phai m ca e cac cong ty mi tham gia th trng canh tranh. Tren quan
iem chuyen mach, cac nha cung cap thay the phai co kha nang gianh c
khach hang a phng nh au t trc tiep vao nhng dam cuoi cung
cua ng cap ong. ieu nay dan en viec gia tang canh tranh. Cac NGN
thc s phu hp e ho tr kien truc mang va cac mo hnh c luat phap cho
phep khai thac.



BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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Cac nguon doanh thu mi
D bao hien nay cho thay mc suy giam tram trong cua doanh thu thoai
va xuat hien mc tang doanh thu ot bien do cac dch vu gia tr gia tang
mang lai. Ket qua la phan ln cac nha khai thac truyen thong se phai tai
nh mc mo hnh kinh doanh cua ho di anh sang cua cac d bao nay.
Cung luc o, cac nha khai thac mi se tm kiem mo hnh kinh doanh mi cho
phep ho nam lay th phan, mang lai li nhuan cao hn tren th trng vien
thong.
Cac c hoi kinh doanh mi bao gom cac ng dung a dang tch hp vi
cac dch vu cua mang vien thong hien tai, so lieu Internet, cac ng dung
video.
4. Nhng van e can quan tam khi phat trien NGN
Trc het cac nha cung cap dch vu chnh thong phai xem xet c s
TDM ma ho a lap at va do vay phai oi au vi quyet nh kho khan ve
viec nang cap he thong nay, nen au t von cho thiet b chuyen mach kenh
va xay dng mot mang NGN xep chong, hay tham ch nen thay the cac tong
ai truyen thong bang nhng chuyen mach cong nghe mi sau nay. Ho cung
phai xem xet anh hng cua s gia tang lu lng Internet quay so trc tiep
vi thi gian gi may ngan hn nhieu. e duy tr canh tranh cac nha khai
thac nay can tm ra phng phap cung cap cac dch vu mi cho cac khach
hang cua ho trong thi ky qua o trc khi cac mang cua ho tien trien sang
NGN mot cach ay u.
Van e ln nhat can can nhac khi sap ti can ho tr dch vu thoai qua
IP va hang loat cac dch vu gia tr gia tang khac la c che best effort phan
phoi cac goi tin khong con u ap ng na. Mot thach thc can ban nay la
m rong mang IP theo nhieu hng, kha nang cung cap a dch vu trong khi
van gi c u the cua mang IP. e am bao QoS can thiet, cac nha khai
thac se phai co kha nang cam ket cung cap cac thoa thuan ve mc dch vu
(SLA), cac yeu cau ve bang tan va cac tham so chat lng.
Mot kha canh khac bao am chat lng la quy mo mang phai u ln
e cung cap cho khach hang nham chong lai hien tng nghen co chai trong
lu lng cua mang loi. Mot trong nhng ac trng cua NGN chnh la kha
nang tang so lng cua cac giao dien m, nhng ieu o cung ham cha cac
nguy c e doa an ninh cua mang. Do o, am bao an toan thong tin tr
thanh van e song con cua cac nha khai thac nham bao ve mang chong lai
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

- 17 -
s tan cong t pha cac tin tac. Cac cong cu an ninh va mat ma hoa phai
luon luon san sang.
Trong vong hai thap ky va qua, cong nghe quang a chng minh c
la mot phng tien truyen tai thong tin hieu qua tren khoang cach ln, va
hien nay no la cong nghe chu ao trong truyen dan tren mang loi. Vi cac
cai tien hien nay, nh cong nghe ghep kenh phan chia theo mat o bc
song DWDM, nang cao ang ke hieu qua kinh te ve truyen tai tren mang
cap quang. Ngay nay, IP theo d kien se tr thanh giao dien hoan thien thc
s cho cac mang loi NGN. Van e quan trong ay la mang cap quang phai
toi u cho ieu khien lu lng IP. Mot giai phap co tnh thuyet phuc hien
nay la hoi tu cac lp d lieu va cac lp quang trong mang loi. Viec hoi tu
nay mang lai mot so li the nh cung cap cac dch vu toc o cao, bao ve
dong thong tin lien tuc cho mang quang vi chuyen mach nhan a giao thc
chung MPLS.
Mot van e khong kem phan quan trong la van e ve cac giai phap
quan ly thch hp cho mang NGN. Trong khi mong muon xay dng mot
mang quan ly phai lam viec trong mot moi trng a nha au t, a nha khai
thac, a dch vu con mang tnh logic, tuy vay no van boc lo nay la iem rat
can lu y. Mac du con phai mat nhieu thi gian va cong sc trc khi he
thong quan ly mang c trien khai, nhng muc tieu nay van co gia tr
thuyet phuc va se mang lai nhieu li ch nh giam chi ph khai thac, dch vu
a dang.
Tat ca nhng yeu to tren nay dng nh lam cho NGN mang am s
phc tap. Tuy nhien nen nhn mang NGN trong mang thong tin toan cau
ngay nay, trong o cac mang chuyen mach kenh truyen thong va chuyen
mach goi song song ton tai, cac mang di ong va co nh khong n gian
trong viec cung khai thac, va tham ch cac thanh phan mang khac nhau tren
mang cung yeu cau phan quan ly rieng biet. Tren quan iem o, NGN
hng ve mot cai g o het sc phc tap, nhng se cho phep tiet kiem chi
ph khai thac mot cach thch ang.
5. Tm hieu cac cong nghe
5.1. Cong nghe truyen dan
Trong cau truc mang the he mi, truyen dan la mot thanh phan
cua lp ket noi (bao gom chuyen tai va truy nhap). Cong nghe truyen
dan cua mang the he mi la SDH, WDM vi kha nang hoat ong
mem deo, linh hoat, thuan tien cho khai thac va ieu hanh quan ly.
BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

- 18 -
Cac tuyen truyen dan SDH hien co va ang c tiep tuc trien
khai rong rai tren mang vien thong la s phat trien ung hng theo
cau truc mang mi. Can tiep tuc phat trien cac he thong truyen dan
cong nghe SDH va WDM, han che s dung cong nghe PDH.
Cap quang:
Hien nay tren 60% lu lng thong tin c truyen i tren
toan the gii c truyen tren mang quang.
Cong nghe truyen dan quang SDH cho phep tao tren ng
truyen dan toc oc cao (n* 155 Mb/s) vi kha nang bao ve
cua cac mach vong a c s dung rong rai nhieu nc
va Viet Nam.
WDM cho phep s dung o rong bang tan rat ln cua si
quang bang cach ket hp mot so tn hieu ghep kenh theo
thi gian vi o dai cac bc song khac nhau va ta co the s
dung c cac ca so khong gian, thi gian va o dai bc
song. Cong nghe WDM cho phep nang toc o truyen dan len
5Gb/s, 10Gb/s va 20Gb/s.
Vo tuyen:
Vi ba: Cong nghe truyen dan SDH cung phat trien trong lnh
vc vi ba, tuy nhien do nhng han che cua moi trng truyen
dan song vo tuyen nen toc o va chat lng truyen dan
khong cao so vi cong nghe truyen dan quang.
Ve tinh: Ve tinh quy ao thap (LEO Low Earth Orbit), ve
tinh quy ao trung bnh (MEO Medium Earth Orbit). Th
trng thong tin ve tin trong khu vc a co s phat trien
manh trong nhng nam gan ay va se con tiep tuc trong
nhng nam ti. Cac loai hnh dch vu ve tinh a rat phat
trien nh: DTH tng tac, truy nhap Internet, cac dch vu
bang rong, HDTV Ngoai cac ng dung pho bien oi vi
nhu cau thong tin quang ba, vien thong nong thon, vi s ket
hp s dung cac u iem cua cong nghe CDMA, thong tin
ve tin ngay cang co xu hng phat trien ac biet trong lnh
vc thong tin di ong, thong tin ca nhan,


BAI GIANG NGN Chng 1: Tong quan ve NGN

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5.2 Cong nghe mang truy nhap
Trong xu hng phat trien NGN se duy tr nhieu loai hnh mang
truy nhap vao mot moi truyen dan chung nh:
Mang truy nhap quang
Mang truy nhap vo tuyen
Cac phng thc truy nhap cap ong: HDSL, ADSL.
Xu hng phat trien mang truy nhap bang rong
5.3. Cong nghe chuyen mach
Chuyen mach cung la mot thanh phan trong lp mang chuyen tai
cua cau truc NGN nhng co nhng thay oi ln ve mat cong nghe so
vi cac thiet b chuyen mach TDM trc ay. Cong nghe chuyen mach
cua mang the he mi la IP, ATM, ATM/IP hay MPLS th hien nay van
cha xac nh ro, tuy nhien noi chung la da tren cong nghe chuyen
mach goi, cho phep hoat ong vi nhieu toc o va dch vu khac nhau.
Cong nghe chuyen mach quang: cac ket qua nghien cu mc
th nghiem ang hng ti viec che tao cac chuyen mach quang. Trong
tng lai se co cac chuyen mach quang phan loai theo nguyen ly sau:
chuyen mach quang phan chia theo khong gian, chuyen mach quang
phan chia theo thi gian, chuyen mach quang phan chia theo o dai
bc song.