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adenopathy
Prepared by: Jamal Q Ahmed
Supervised by: Prof. Dr. Ali Al
Zubaidi
Neck lumps
The tonsil is lymphoid tissue and there is
similar material in posterior aspect of the
tongue and posterior wall of pharynx.
These three areas form a ring of lymphoid
tissue ( Waldeyer’s ring ).Over ¼ of the
lymph nodes in the body are connected
with cervical lymph nodes situated in the
head and neck region.
Characteristics of cervical lymph nodes in
different pathological situations
Lymph nodes that are tender may be inflammatory
In acute infections nodes are tender, soft & discrete
In chronic infections nodes are firm and may even be calcified
like in TB
Nodes that are increasing in size and are hard, or fixed to
adjacent tissues may be malignant.
Nodes that are enlarged and firm and matted or rubbery may
be due to leukemia
In lymphoma the nodes are rubbery , matted together and
fixed to deeper structures.
In systemic infective disorders the nodes are firm, discrete,
tender and mobile
Causes of cervical lymph node
enlargement
Infections
Viral upper respiratory tract: an enlarged jugulodigastric
(tonsillar) lymph node is common
Oral or local in drainage area ( dental, scalp, ear, nose or
throat): including cat-scratch fever and staphylococcal and
mycobactrial lymphadenitis
Systemic infections
Viral (infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus virus, HIV)
Bacterial like TB, syphilis, brucellosis
Fungal like histoplasmosis
Parasitic like toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, tularaemia
cont
Malignant diseases
Oral or in the drainage area ( usually oral, scalp, ear, nose or
throat and rarely thyroid)
Lymphoreticular ( leukemia, lymphoma )
Langerhans histocytosis
Others
Drugs
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ( kawasaki disease)
Connective tissue diseases
Most common causes of swellings in
the neck at different ages
Child
Lymphadenitis due to a viral respiratory tract infection (RTI)
Kawasaki disease
Adolescent and teenager
Lymphadenitis due to viral RTI
Bacterial infections
Glandular fever syndromes
HIV infections
Toxoplasmosis
Cont