Risk Factors: Hx,

Estrogen,
Age, Diet
Androgen

testosterone

dihydrostestosterone
Cellular proliferation
(STROMAL, EPITHELIAL)

Symmetrically enlarged; prostate

Dx of BPH(see
NHH); taking
PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Xantral (see drugs)

[static]Prostate [dynamic]
encroaching upon Additional
prostatic urethra Tension/pressure
of P smooth muscle
Narrow lumen to bladder neck
constricted urethra to bladder neck

to rectum
BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
constipation
Incomplete emptying
the bladder
Dec UO Inc residual
urine
Rapid filing
of urine
↑↑↑ pressure Injury to tissue/vessel
inside
Urinary bladder contraction
to compensate ↑ pressure
Frequent urge to urinate
[even at night] (See NHH) Chronic condition

Bladder wall thickening due

to muscle [detrusor]
hyperthrophy

Weakened bladder
contractility [detrusor]
(decompensation)
 Back up pressure

Reflux of urine to ureter

(vesico- urethral reflux)
Reflux from ureter to KIDNEYS
Collecting ducts filled with ↑
urine [secondary
hydronephrosis]

↑↑↑ pressure Irritation to the lining

Compression of tissue/ BV inflammation

↓ Blood flow
RAAS activated
↓ oxygen supply
vasoconstriction
Na & H20 Less space Ischemia
retention
↑ volume Necrosis/ fibrosis

↑ BP
Damaged kidneys (CKD)
Problem in Problem in Problem in
excretory functions maintaining Ca-PO4 producing hormone
worsens

↓Activation Vit D ↓EPO

↓↓↓ GFR
↓Ca absorption ↓RBC in circulation

↑ Na ↑K ↑ BUN ↑ Crea ↓Oxygen Pale

↑ PO4
(See Labs) (See Labs) (See Labs) Big particles can pass
↓Ca
thru filter
weak fatigue nausea dizzy
Pus, RBC, protein leaks

Specs of Albumin in urine Pus in the

blood in the (See Labs) urine (See
urine (See Labs)
Labs)