Wala naman?

NONE kasi congenital sya,

 History of Hirschsprung Disease
SIGURO BIRTH?
in the family Kung hindi ka
 Gender ipapanganak, wala kang
 Having other inherited conditions chance na magkaroon
nito

Stool and gas Presence of Ganglion cells Ganglion cells develop

cannot pass down do not develop starting from the small Hirschsprung
aganglionic
the aganglionic completely intestine down to the colon. Disease is
area
area and anal canal congenital

Pain Acute Pain

Stool accumulates in the Bacteria cultivates Colitis occurs
colon

Test for Infection occurs Decreased

Chronic Colon Biopsy
stool water and
constipation
sample Nausea nutrient intake
Swollen abdomen  Pull-through
Vomiting
surgery
Dehydration
Liquid stool  Colostomy
Fever
Stunted
Risk for Fluid Volume Growth
Colorectal irrigation Deficitand Hyperthermia

Imbalanced Nutrition:
Broad-spectrum Less than Body
 Bloating
antibiotic  Side effects ni Requirements
 Abdominal pain
Harrie
 Irritation  Ampicillin
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Fetal incontinence
 Pull-through
 Constipation
Abdominal surgery
 Abdominal pain
X-ray w/ contrast dye  Colostomy
 Nausea and vomiting
LEGEND:
ETIOLOGY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

PREDISPOSING FACTORS MEDICATION/TREATMENT

PRECIPITATING FACTORS SIDE EFFECTS

MECHANISM NURSING DIAGNOSIS

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Hirschsprung Disease (HSCR) is a life-threatening birth defect in newborns. It is a defined as an absence of

specific nerve cells called ganglions in a segment of the bowel in an infant. Ganglions are responsible for
contracting and expanding to propel stool and other waste materials through the digestive system. The absence
of which results in the inability to move stool throughout the intestine—a process known as peristalsis.

Normally, Ganglion cells develop throughout the intestines and perform their duties. However, due to
genetic and unknown factors, some children (especially male) are born with underdeveloped gastrointestinal
tract with the absence of these ganglion cells.

When the ganglion cells do not develop in a certain area, this area is known as “ aganglionic area.” In this
area, peristaltic movement no longer occurs and thus stool and other waste materials cannot pass through. To
diagnose this early on, an abdominal x-ray in conjunction with contrast dye can be done to show a clear contrast
between the narrow section of bowel without nerves and the section of bowel behind it.

When the anal canal cannot be passed through there will be an accumulation of stool in the intestines
which might result in constipation, swollen abdomen, and liquid stools. In order to clear the colon, a colorectal
irrigation is performed using saline solution.

Furthermore, as stool accumulates, bacteria cultivates & grows into abnormal numbers and possibly cause
an infection that results in nausea, vomiting, and even fever. For such instance, a risk for fluid volume deficit and
hyperthermia may be observed. To rule out infection, stool sample may be collected and tested for bacteria and
then treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as Ampicillin. Side-effects of this antibiotic include yung kay harrie.
 Another phenomenon due to abnormal colon bacteria is Colitis which causes the colon to swell. This hinders
the ability of the colon to absorb water and nutrients while causing pain and discomfort to the infant as well.
Without adequate intake of nutrients, the infant might suffer dehydration and stunted growth.

The best way to identify HSCR is to collect a sample colon tissue using a suction device(biopsy). The
specimen will then be examined under a microscope to determine whether the nerve cells are indeed missing.

Once HSCR is confirmed, the only way to fix the defect is to perform surgery. One way is to do colostomy
where the healthy end of the large intestine is cut and attached to an opening created on the front of the abdomen
(stoma). The contents of the bowel are discharged through this opening and into a bag. Alternatively, surgical
resection or otherwise known as Pull-through surgery wherein the functioning portion of the bowel is connected
to the anus is performed. Side effects of surgeries include fetal incontinence, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea,
and vomiting.