Ch.

4-1 Cell Growth/Division

Examples: sunburn, getting a cut, lifting
weights

Organisms go through stages, or a life
cycle, when they are alive

cell division growth/development


preparing for reproduction
Types of reproduction:
1. Asexual
All body cells except sex cells go through
asexual reproduction

Offspring produced this way have DNA
that is identical to the DNA of the parent
organism.


Three types of asexual
reproduction:
a. fission division of an organism into two
equal parts
examples: bacteria, strawberry runners,
grass roots


b. budding a new organism grows from
the parent organism
examples: yeast

c. regeneration an organism can replace
or re-grow a missing part
examples: sponges, sea stars, geckos tail

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
Large numbers of offspring reproduce quickly
Large colonies can form that can out-compete other
organisms for nutrients and water.
Large numbers of organisms mean that species may
survive when conditions or the number of
predators change.
Energy is not required to find a mate.

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
Offspring are genetic clones. A negative
mutation can destroy large numbers of
offspring.

Unfavorable conditions such as extreme
temperatures can wipe out entire colonies.
2. Sexual
new organisms are produced when sex
cells from two parents combine.
Fertilization
male parent female parent
(46 chromosomes) (46 chromosomes)

sperm (23 chrom.) egg (23 chrom.)


fertilization a zygote forms
(46 chromosomes)

new organism

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
More genetic variations (differences)
Can predict some of the offsprings
characteristics
More advanced species
Greater chance of adaptation


Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
Slower process
Requires more energy over time
Some species have difficulty finding
mates
Slower population growth