Chapter 3 part 2

3.2
Determinants
Linear Algebra
S 5
Ch03_2
Let A be an n n matrix and c be a nonzero scalar.
(a) If then |B| = ..

(b) If then |B| = .....

(c) If then |B| = .

3.2 Properties of Determinants
Theorem 3.2
i
cR
A B ~
i j
R R
A B

~
i j
R cR
A B
+
~
Ch03_3
Example 1
If |A| = 12 is known.

Evaluate the determinants of the following matrices.
,
10 4 2
5 2 0
3 4 1
(
(

= A
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
16 4 0
5 2 0
3 4 1
) c (
5 2 0
10 4 2
3 4 1
(b)
10 12 2
5 6 0
3 12 1
) a (
3 2 1
B B B
Solution
Ch03_4
Theorem 3.3
Let A be a square matrix. A is singular if
(a) All the elements of a row (column) are
(b) two rows (columns) are ..
(c) two rows (columns) are .. (..)
Definition
A square matrix A is said to be . if |A|=0.
A is .. if |A|=0.
Example 3 : Show that the following matrices are singular.
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
8 4 2
4 2 1
3 1 2
(b)
9 0 4
1 0 3
7 0 2
) (a B A
Solution
Ch03_5
Theorem 3.4
Let A and B be n n matrices and c be a nonzero scalar.
(a) |cA| =
(b) |AB| =
(c) |A
t
| =.

(d) (assuming A
1
exists)

1
........... A

=
Ch03_6
Example 4
If matrix with |A| = 4, compute the following determinants.
(a) |3A| (b) |A
2
| (c) |5A
t
A
1
|, assuming A
1
exists
Solution
(a) |3A| = ....
(b) |A
2
| = .
(c) |5A
t
A
1
| = ..
Example 5
Prove that |A
1
A
t
A| = |A|
Solution
2 2
A

Ch03_7
Example 6
Prove that if A and B are square matrices of the same size, with A
being singular, then AB is also singular. Is the converse true?
Solution
Note:
...................... A B
Ch03_8
Numerical Evaluation of a Determinant
Definition
A square matrix is called an upper (lower) triangular matrix if
all the elements below (above) the main diagonal are zero.
1 4 0 7
3 8 2
0 2 3 5
0 1 5 ,
0 0 0 9
0 0 9
0 0 0 1
............ triangular
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

8 0 0 0
7 0 0
1 4 0 0
2 1 0 ,
7 0 2 0
3 9 8
4 5 8 1
............. triangular
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

Ch03_9
2 1 9
Let 0 3 4 , find .
0 0 5
A A

(
(
=
(
(

Theorem 3.5
The determinant of a triangular matrix is the of its
main diagonal elements.
Example 1
Numerical Evaluation of a Determinant
Ch03_10
Numerical Evaluation of a Determinant
Example 2
Evaluation the determinant.
2 4 1
2 5 4
4 9 10
A
(
(
=
(
(

Evaluation the determinant.
2 4 1
2 5 4
4 9 10
A
(
(
=
(
(

Solution
Example 3
Evaluation the determinant.
1 2 4
1 2 5
2 2 11
B

(
(
=
(
(

Solution
Ch03_11
Example 4
Evaluation the determinant.
1 1 0 3
1 1 2 3
2 2 3 4
6 6 5 1

Solution