By Perfectmaths.

com Page 1
SPM Additional Mathematical Formulae
Algebra
1.
2
4
2
b b ac
x
a

=
2.
m n m n
a a a
+
=
3.
m n m n
a a a

=
4. ( )
m n mn
a a =
5. log log log
a a a
mn m n = +
6. log log log
a a a
m
m n
n
=
7. log log
n
a a
m n m =
8.
log
log
log
c
a
c
b
b
a
=
9. ( 1)
n
T a n d = +
10.
[ ] 2 ( 1)
2
n
n
S a n d = +
11.
1 n
n
T ar

=
12.
( 1) (1 )
, 1
1 1
n n
n
a r a r
S r
r r

= =


13. , 1
1
a
S r
r

= <

Calculus
1. ,
dy dv du
y uv u v
dx dx dx
= = +
2.
2
,
du dv
v u
u dy
dx dx
y
v dx v

= =
3.
dy dy du
dx du dx
=
4. Area under a curve = or
b b
a a
y dx x dy


5. Volume generated =
2 2
or
b b
a a
y dx x dy


Geometry
1. Distance = ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
x x y y +
2. Midpoint
1 2 1 2
( , ) ,
2 2
x x y y
x y
+ +
=



3. A point dividing a segment of a line
1 2 1 2
( , ) ,
nx mx ny my
x y
m n m n
+ +
=

+ +


4. Area of a triangle =
1 2 2 3 3 1 2 1 3 2 1 3
1
( ) ( )
2
x y x y x y x y x y x y + + + +
5.
2 2
r x y = +

6.
2 2

xi yj
r
x y
+
=
+

By Perfectmaths.com Page 2
Statistics
1.
x
x
N
=


2.
fx
x
f
=

3.
2 2
2 ( ) x x x
x
N N

= =


4.
2 2
2 ( ) f x x fx
x
f f

= =



5.
1
2
m
N F
m L C
f

= +




6.
1
0
100
Q
I
Q
=

7.
i i
i
W I
I
W
=

8.
!
P
( )!
n
r
n
n r
=

9.
!
( )! !
n
r
n
C
n r r
=

10. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) P A B P A P B P A B = +
11. ( ) , where 1
n r n r
r
P X r C p q p q

= = + =
12. Mean/Min, np =
13. npq =
14.
X
Z

=
Trigonometry
1. Length of an arc, s r =
2. Area of a sector,
2
1
2
A r =
3.
2 2
sin cos 1 A A + =
4.
2 2
sec 1 tan A A = +
5.
2 2
cosec 1 cot A A = +
6. sin 2 2sin cos A A A =
7.

2 2
2
2
cos 2 cos sin
2cos 1
1 2sin
A A A
A
A
=
=
=

8. ( ) sin sin cos cos sin A B A B A B =
9. ( ) cos cos cos sin sin A B A B A B =
10. ( )
tan tan
tan
1 tan tan
A B
A B
A B

11.
2
2 tan
tan 2
1 tan
A
A
A
=

12.
sin sin sin
a b c
A B C
= =
13.
2 2 2
2 cos a b c bc A = +
14. Area of a triangle =
1
sin
2
ab C