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PART 3

Advanced Circuit Analysis

at s = j , which are not in the left half of the s plane. In general, the
final-value theorem does not apply in finding the final values of sinusoidal
functionsthese functions oscillate forever and do not have final values.
The initial-value and final-value theorems depict the relationship
between the origin and infinity in the time domain and the s domain.
They serve as useful checks on Laplace transforms.
Table 15.1 provides a list of the properties of the Laplace transform.
The last property (on convolution) will be proved in Section 15.7. There
are other properties, but these are enough for present purposes. Table 15.2
summarizes the Laplace transforms of some common functions. We have
omitted the factor u(t) except where it is necessary.

TABLE 15.1 Properties of the Laplace transform.

TABLE 15.2 Laplace transform pairs.

Property

f (t)

F (s)

f (t)

F (s)

Linearity

a1 f1 (t) + a2 f2 (t)

(t)

Scaling

f (at)

u(t)

1
s

Time shift

f (t a)u(t a)

a1 F1 (s) + a2 F2 (s)
1 s
F
a
a
eas F (s)

Frequency shift

eat f (t)
df
dt

eat

1
s+a

sF (s) f (0 )

1
s2

s 2 F (s) sf (0 ) f
(0 )

tn

n!
s n+1

s 3 F (s) s 2 f (0 ) sf
(0 )
f

(0 )

teat

1
(s + a)2

s n F (s) s n1 f (0 ) s n2 f
(0 )
f (n1) (0 )

t n eat

1
F (s)
s
d
F (s)
ds


F (s) ds

sin t

n!
(s + a)n+1

s 2 + 2
s
2
s + 2

Time
differentiation

d 2f
dt 2
d 3f
dt 3
d nf
dt n

t
f (t) dt

Time integration

Frequency
differentiation

tf (t)
f (t)
t

Frequency
integration
Time periodicity

f (t) = f (t + nT )

Initial value

f (0+ )

Final value

f ()

Convolution

f1 (t) f1 (t)

F (s + a)

cos t
sin(t + )

F1 (s)
1 esT
lim sF (s)

cos(t + )
eat sin t

lim sF (s)

s0

F1 (s)F2 (s)

eat cos t

s sin + cos
s 2 + 2
s cos sin
s 2 + 2

(s + a)2 + 2
s+a
(s + a)2 + 2

E X A M P L E 1 5 . 3

Obtain the Laplace transform of f (t) = (t) + 2u(t) 3e2t , t 0.

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