Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NTPC
NTPC
NTPC BADARPUR
UNIT NUMBER
INSTALLED
CAPACITY(MW)
95 MW
95 MW
95 MW
210 MW
210 MW
Coal to electricity
The basic steps in generation of electricity from coal is carried out
in
three stages:
Coal to steam
RANKINE CYCLE
Rankine cycle is a basic thermodynamic
cycle that converts heat into work.
Rankine cycle describes a model of
operation of steam heat engines most
commonly found in power generation
plants.
T-s diagram of a Rankine cycle operating between pressures 0-06 bar and 50 bar.
there
are 4 stages in rankine cycle each changing the state of fluid.
Process 1-2: The working fluid is pumped from low pressure to high pressure,
as the fluid is in liquid state at this stage it requires more input.
Process 2-3:The high pressure liquid enters the boiler where it is heated at
constant pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapor.
Process 3-4: The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating
power. This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor, and some
condensation may occur
Process 4-1: The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a
constant pressure and temperature to become a saturated liquid.
In an ideal Rankine cycle the pump and turbine would be isentropic i.e. the
pump and turbine would generate no entropy and hence maximize the net work
output.
Wagon tippler
Vibrating screen
Conveyor belt
Electromagnetic
separator
Coal crusher
Coal bunker
Wagon tippler
Coal from the coal wagons are unloaded in the coal handling plant. This
coal is transported up to the coal bunker with the help of conveyor belts.
coal is taken to the bowl mill by coal feeders. The coal is pulverized in the
bowl mill and ground to powdered form.
The mill consists of the round metallic table on which coal particles fall. The
table is rotated with the help of motor. There are three large steel rollers
which are spaced 120 apart.
When there is no coal, The rollers do not rotate but when but when the coal
is fed to the table it packs up between roller and the table and these forces
the rollers to rotate. Coal is crushed by the crushing action between the
rollers and the rotating table.
This crushed coal is taken away to the furnace through coal pipes with the
help of hot and cold air mixture from P.A. fan. P.A. Fan takes atmospheric
air, a part of which is sent to air-pre heaters for heating while a part goes
directly to the mill for temperature control. Atmospheric air from F.D. Fan is
heated in the air heaters and sent to the furnace as combustion air.
Water from the boiler feed pump passes through economizer and reaches the boiler drum. Water
from the drum passes through down comers and goes to the bottom ring header. Water from the
bottom ring header is divided to all the four sides of the furnace
Due to heat and density difference, the water rises up in the water wall tubes. Water is partly
converted to steam as it rises up in the furnace. This steam and water mixture is again taken to
thee boiler drum where the steam is separated from water.
Water follows the same path while the steam is sent to super heaters for superheating and finally
goes to the turbine.
Flue gases from the furnace are extracted by induced draft fan .These flue gases emit their heat
energy to various super heaters in the pent house and finally pass through air-preheater and goes
to electrostatic precipitators where the ash particles are extracted.
Steam Boiler
Stator:it contains fixed blades ,vanes and nozzles that directs the steam
into the moving blades carried by rotor.
Rotor : a rotor is a rotating shaft that carries the moving blades on the
outer edges on either discs or drum. The blade rotates as the rotor
revolves.
As the steam passes through the fixed blades or nozzles, it expands and
its velocity increases.
Superheated steam
H.P turbine
Reheater
I.P turbine
L.P turbine
Condenser
Ejector
GSC-1
LPH- 1
GSC-2
LPH-2
LPH-3
LPH-4
Deareator
HPH-5
HPH-6
HPH-7
Gland steam cooler: The seals around the rotating shaft on steam
turbines are many in several ways but all leak a small amount of steam to
the atmosphere. To capture this steam, many of the seals have small
condensers to capture this steam.
Deareator: A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air
and other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam-generating boilers.
Main Turbine
The 210 MW turbine comprises of H.P, I.P
and L.P cylinders. The superheated steam
from the boiler passes through the
emergency stop valve and control valve
before entering the H.P turbine. After
expanding in the 12 stages in the H.P
turbine the steam returns to the boiler for
reheating. The reheated steam from the
boiler enters the I.P turbine via control
valves and after expanding enters the I.P
turbine in the l.P stage the steam expands in
opposite direction to counteract the trust and
then enters the condenser.
The cooling water flowing through the
condenser tubes condenses the steam and
the condensate is collected in the hot well of
the condenser
2.
Hydraulic Ash Handling System: The hydraulic system carries the ash with
the flow of water with high velocity through a channel and finally dumps into a
sump. The hydraulic system is divided into:
Low velocity system
High velocity system
In the low velocity system the ash from the boilers falls into a stream of water
flowing into the sump. The ash is carried along with the water and they are
separated at the sump. In the high velocity system a jet of water is sprayed to
quench the hot ash. Two other jets force the ash into a trough in which they are
washed away by the water into the sump .Hydraulic Ash handling system is
used at the Badarpur Thermal Power station.
Bottom Ash Collection and Disposal
At the bottom of every boiler, a hopper has been provided for collection of the
bottom ash from the bottom of the furnace. This hopper is always filled with
water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down from the furnace. Some
arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for conveying the crushed
clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.
demineralisation
Compressor house
Instrument air is required for operating various burners and other devices
etc in the 210 MW units.
INSTUMENT AIR SYSTEM:
Control air compressors have been installed for supplying moisture free dry
Air-Drying Unit
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