Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Captains of Industry
Management History
Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor(1856-1915) was the
father of Scientific Management. When he was
working as an apprentice at the Midvale steel
company, he noticed that most workers did not
work as hard as they could. To increase
efficiency, Taylor tried to figure out the one
best way to perform a particular task. To do so,
he used a stop watch to determine which method
was the most efficient. These studies were
known as Time and Motion Studies.
Abraham H. Maslow
1908-1970
Maslow was a psychologist who developed a theory
of motivation. His ideas had a significant impact
on management. Maslow believed that
individuals fulfill lower-level needs before
seeking to fulfill higher-level needs. That is,
people satisfy their need for food before they seek
self-fulfillment. Because one set of needs must be
met before another is sought, Maslow referred to
this as a hierarchy of needs.
Maslows Theory
Theory X
MIT Professor Douglas McGregor
Theory Xassumes that people are basically
lazy and will avoid working if they can. To
make sure that employees work, Theory X
managers impose strict rules and make sure
that all important decisions are made only
by them.
Theory Y
Theory Z
William Ouchi, a management researcher
developed this new theory of management
in the 1980s
Theory Z is a business management theory
that integrates Japanese and American
business practices. The Japanese business
emphasis is on collective decision making,
whereas the American emphasis is on
individual responsibility.
Lifetime employment
Collective decision making
Collective responsibility
Slow evaluation and promotion
Implicit (understood, implied) control
mechanisms
Non-specialized career path
Holistic concern for employee as a person
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Short-term employment
Individual decision making
Individual responsibility
Rapid evaluation and promotion
Explicit (clear, precise, unambiguous) control
mechanisms
Specialized career path
Segmented concern for employee as an
employee.
Long-term employment
Consentual, participative decision-making
Individual responsibility
Slow evaluation and promotion
Implicit, informal control with explicit,
formalized measures
Moderately specialized career path
Holistic concern, including family
TQMTotal Quality
Management
TQM
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International Management
Thailand
The social culture of Thailand has given rise
to highly centralized corporations with strict
lines of authority. Self-managed teams
would not be a viable management style
because workers are used to taking direction
from leaders whose authority is absolute
and based on status.
HERZBERGS
Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Psychologist Frederick Herzberg believed that:
Intrinsicnatural, realfactors are related to
job satisfaction &
Extrinsic factors are related to job
dissatisfaction.
Hygiene Factors
Herzbergs Theory
David McClellands
Three-Needs Theory