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The 2007-2008 Outline in Constitutional Law: General Considerations
The 2007-2008 Outline in Constitutional Law: General Considerations
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
By Dean Mariano F. Magsalin Jr.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Concept and Origin of the Bill of Rights
Classification
1. Civil Rights
2. Political Rights
3. Social and Economic Rights
Doctrine of Preferred Freedom (Hierarchy of Rights)
PBM Employees Org. vs. PBM Co., Inc., 51 SCRA 189 (1973)
The Fundamental Powers of the State
Similarities, Differences & Limitations
POLICE POWER
Definition, Scope & Basis
Characteristics
Who exercises said power?
Tests of Police Power
Laws:
Balacuit v. CFI, G.R. No. L-38429, June 30, 1988
Lozano vs. Matinez, 146 SCRA 323 (1986)
Del Rosario vs. Bengzon, 180 SCRA 521 (1989)
Tablarin vs. Judge Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
Zoning and Regulatory Ordinances:
Ermita-Malate Hotel & Motel Operators v. City Mayor, 20 SCRA 849 (1967)
Cruz vs. Paras, 123 SCRA 569 (1983)
Velasco vs. Villegas, 120 SCRA 568 (1983)
Magtajas vs. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)
Tano v. Socrates, G.R. 110249, August 27, 1997
City of Manila v. Judge Laguio, G.R. No. 118127, April 12, 2005
Administrative Rules and Regulations
Bautista vs. Junio, 127 SCRA 329 (1984)
Taxicab Operators of Metro Manila vs. BOT, 119 SCRA 597 (1982)
Mirasol v. DPWH, G.R. No. 158793, June 8, 2006
Anglo-Fil Trading vs. Lazaro, 124 SCRA 494 (1983)
PPA v. Cipres Stevedoring, G.R. No. 145742, July 14, 2005
Chavez v. Romulo, G.R. No. 157036. June 9, 2004
EMINENT DOMAIN
Definition
Who exercises the power?
City of Manila vs. Chinese Cemetery of Manila, 40 Phil 349 (1919)
Moday v. Court of Appeals, 268 SCRA 368 (1997)
Constitutional limitation - Art. II, Sec. 9
Distinguished from destruction due to necessity
Objects of Expropriation
RP. v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620 (1969)
B. Taking
Definition and scope
Requisites of Taking
Republic vs. Castelvi, 58 SCRA 336 (1974)
City Govt. of Quezon City vs. Ericta, 122 SCRA 759 (1983)
Deprivation of Use
Republic vs. Fajardo , 104 Phil.443 (1958)
Napocor vs. Gutierrez, 193 SCRA 1 (1991)
Napocor v. San Pedro, G.R. 170945, September 26, 2006
U.S. v. Causby, 328 U.S. 256 (1946)
PPI v. Comelec, 244 SCRA 272 (1995)
Priority in Expropriation
Filstream International v. CA, 284 SCRA 716 (1998)
City of Mandaluyong v. Francisco, G.R. No. 137152, January 29, 2001
Lagcao v. Judge Labra, G.R. No. 155746, October 13, 2004
JIL v. Mun. of Pasig, G.R. 152230, August 9, 2005
C. Public use
Heirs of Juancho Ardona vs. Reyes, 125 SCRA 220 (1983)
Sumulong vs. Guerrero, 154 SCRA 461 (1987)
Province of Camarines Sur vs. CA, 222 SCRA 170 (1993)
Manosca v. Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 412 (1996)
Estate of Jimenez v. PEZA, G.R. No. 137285, January 16, 2001
Government Withdrawal
NHA v. Heirs of Isidro Guivelondo, G.R. No. 154411. June 19, 2003
NPC & Pobre v. CA, G.R. No. 106804. August 12, 2004
Recovery of Expropriated Land
ATO v. Gopuco, G.R. No. 158563, June, 30 2005
Republic v. Lim, G.R. 161656, June 29, 2005
D. Genuine Necessity
Mun. of Meycayauan vs. IAC, 157 SCRA 640 (1988)
De Knecht vs. Bautista, 100 SCRA 660 (1980)
Republic vs. De Knecht, G.R. 87351, February 12, 1990
De la Paz Masikip v. Judge Legaspi, G.R. No. 136349, January 23, 2006
E. Just Compensation
Defined
Eslaban v. De Onorio, G.R. No. 146062, June 28, 2001
RP vs. IAC, et al., G.R. No. 71176, May 21, 1990
Determination of Just Compensation
EPZA vs. Dulay, 149 SCRA 305 (1987)
When Determined
Ansaldo vs. Tantuico, G.R. 50147 August 3, 1990
NAPOCOR v. Tiangco, G.R. No. 170846, February 6, 2007
City of Cebu v. Spouses Dedamo, G.R. No. 142 971, May 07, 2002
Manner of Payment
Assoc.of Small Landowners v. DAR, 175 SCRA 343 (1989)
DAR v. CA, 249 SCRA 149 (1995)
Trial with Commissioners
Meralco v. Pineda, 206 SCRA 196 (1992)
NPC v. Henson, G.R. No. 129998, December 29, 1998
Napocor v. Sps. De la Cruz, G.R. No. 156093, February 2, 2007
Leca Realty v. Republic, G.R. No. 155605, September 27, 2006
Legal Interest for Expropriation Cases
NPC v. Angas, 208 SCRA 542 (1992)
F.
TAXATION
Definition and Nature
Purpose
CIR vs. Algue, Inc., 158 SCRA 9 (1988)
Commissioner vs. Makasiar, 177 SCRA 27 (1989)
Scope (The power to tax is the power to destroy)
Who exercises the power?
Art. VI Sec. 28
Art. XIV, Sec. 4 (3)
Art. X, Sec. 5
Tax Exemptions
YMCA vs. CIR, 33 Phil. 217 (1916)
Bishop of Nueva Segovia vs. Provincial Board, 51 Phil. 352 (1927)
Lladoc vs. CIR, 14 SCRA 292 (1965)
Province of Abra vs. Hernando, 107 SCRA 104 (1981)
Abra Valley College vs. Aquino , 162 SCRA 106 (1988)
American Bible Society vs. City of Manila, 101 Phil. 386 (1957)
Double Taxation
Punzalan vs. Municipal Board of Manila, 95 Phil.46 (1954)
License Fees
Physical Therapy Org. vs. Municipal Board, G.R. 10448, August 30, 1957
2 DUE PROCESS
Art. III, Sec. I
Art. III. Sec. 14 (1)
Definition, Nature and Scope
Purpose of the guaranty
Hurtado v. California, 110 U.S. 516 (1884)
Meaning of Life, Liberty, and Property
Substantive Due Process
Villegas vs. Hu Chong Tsai Pao Ho, 86 SCRA 275 (1978)
Rubi vs. Prov. Board of Mindoro, 39 Phil. 660 (1919)
Void for Vagueness/Overbreadth
Ople v. Torres, 292 SCRA 141. (1998)
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, November 19, 2001
David v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 171390, May 3, 2006
Ong v. Sandiganbayayn, G.R. No. 126858, September 16, 2005
Procedural Due Process
Publication Requirement
Tanada v. Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446 (1986)
PITC v. Angeles, 263 SCRA 421 (1996)
Republic v. Extelcom, G.R. 147096, January 15, 2002
Impartial Court or Tribunal
Tanada vs. PAEC, 141 SCRA 307 (1986)
4 EQUAL PROTECTION
Political, Economic and Social Equality
Art. XIII, Sec. 1 and 2 (social justice)
Id., Sec. 3 (protection to labor)
Art. XII, Sec. 10 (nationalization of business)
Id., Sec. 2, par. 2 (reservation of marine resources)
Art. II, Sec. 11 (free access to the courts)
Art. VIII, Sec. 5(5) (legal aid to poor)
Art. IX-C, Sec. 10 (protection of candidates)
Art. II, Sec. 26 (public service)
Art. II, Sec. 14 (equality of women and men)
Sexual Discrimination
Phil. Association of Service Exporters vs. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386 (1988)
Administration of Justice
People vs. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 (1956)
People vs. Isinain, 85 Phil. 648 (1950)
Chavez v. PCGG, G.R. 130716, December 9, 1998
Nunez vs. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433 (1982)
Gallardo v. People, G.R. 142030, April 21, 2005
Public Policy
Central Bank Employees Assoc. v. BSP, G.R. No. 148208, Dec. 15, 2004
PNB v. Palma, G.R. 157279, August 9, 2005
Unido vs. COMELEC, 104 SCRA 17 (1981)
PJA vs. Prado, 227 SCRA 703 (1993)
Olivarez v. Sandiganbayan, 248 SCRA 700 (1995)
Tiu v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127410, January 20, 1999
Coconut Oil Refiners v. Torres, G.R. 132527, July 29, 2005
Warrantless arrests
Rule 113, Sec. 5
Art. 125, Revised Penal Code
Rebellion as Continuing Offense
Umil vs. Ramos, G. R. 81567, July 9, 1990
Committed in the Presence of Police Officers
People v. Sucro, 195 SCRA 388 (1991)
People v. Luisito Go, G.R. No. 116001, March 14, 2001
Personal Knowledge of the Offense
People vs. Gerente, 219 SCRA 756 (1993)
People v. Sinoc, 275 SCRA 357 (1997)
People v. Baula, G.R. No. 132671, November 15, 2000
People v. Cubcubin, G.R. No. 136267, July 10, 2001
Time of Arrest
People vs. Rodrigueza, 205 SCRA 791 (1992)
Go vs. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 586 (1992)
People v. Calimlim, G.R. No. 123980, August 30. 2001
Marked Money
People vs. Enrile, 222 SCRA 586 (1993)
Lack of Urgency
People v. Pasudag, G.R. No. 128822, May 4, 2001
People vs. Aminnudin, 163 SCRA 402 (1988)
Effect of Bail
Rule 114, Section 26
Effect of Entry of Plea
People v. Plana G.R. No. 128285, November 27, 2001
Validity of Conviction
People v. Conde, G.R. No. 113269, April 10, 2001
Privileged Communications
In Re Laureta, 148 SCRA 382 (1987)
People vs. Albofera, 152 SCRA 123 (1987)
Zulueta v. Court of Apeals, 253 SCRA 699 (1996)
Deano v. Godinez, 12 SCRA 483 (1964)
Waterhouse Drug Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 113271. October 16, 1997
Exclusionary Rule
Art. III, Sec. 3(2)
Silverthorne Lumber vs. US, 251 US 385 (1920)
People v. Aruta, G. R. 120915, April 3. 1998
People v. Rondero, G.R. 125687, December 9, 1999
Liability for damages
Aberca vs. Ver, 160 SCRA 590 (1989)
Custodial Investigation
People v. Lugod, G.R. 136253, February 21, 2001
People v. Del Rosario G.R. 127755, April 14, 1999
People v. Bolanos, 211 SCRA 262 (1992)
Rhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291, [1980]
People v. Mahinay, 302 SCRA 455 (1999)
Administrative Investigations
People vs. Judge Ayson, 175 SCRA 216 (1989)
Office of the Court Administrator v. Sumilang, 271 SCRA 316 (1997)
People v. Uy, G.R. No. 157399, November 17, 2005
Police Lineup
Gamboa vs.Cruz, 162 SCRA 642 (1988)
United States v. Wade, 388 U.A. 218 (1967)
People v. Escordial, G.R. 138934, January 16, 2002
People vs. Piedad, et al., G.R. No. 131923, December 5, 2002
Cases before January 17, 1973 not applicable
Magtoto vs.Manguera, 63 SCRA 4 (1975)
Rule under the 1973 Constitution (Voluntary, knowing & intelligent waiver)
People vs. Caguioa, 95 SCRA 2 (1980)
People vs. Tampus, 90 SCRA 624 (1980)
People v. Sayaboc, G.R. 147201, January 15, 2004
The Galit Rule
People vs. Galit, 135 SCRA 465 (1985)
Rule under the 1987 Constitution
Requirement of Competent & Independent Counsel
People vs. Bandula, 232 SCRA 566 (1994)
People v. Quidato, G.R. 117401, October 1, 1998
People v. Januario. 267 SCRA 608 (1997)
People v. Labtan, GR. No. 12793, December 8, 1999
People vs. Samus, G.R. 135957-58, September 17, 2002
People v. Tomaquin, G.R. No. 133138, July 23, 2004
People v. Bagnate, G.R. No. 133685-86 May 20, 2004
Counsel of Choice
People vs. Gallardo, G.R. No. 113684, Jan. 25, 2000
People vs. Barasina, 229 SCRA 450 (1994)
Counsels presence required in entire proceedings
People v. Morial, G.R. 129295, August 15, 2001
Seized Articles
People v. Castro. 274 SCRA 115 (1997)
People v. Wong Chuen Ming. 256 SCRA 182 (1996)
Marcelo v. Sandiganbayan, 302 SCRA 102 (1999)
People v. Macabalang, G.R. 168694, November 27, 2006
Confession to Newsmen
People v. Andan. 269 SCRA 95 (1997)
People v. Endino, G.R. 133026, February 20, 2001
People vs. Ordono, G.R. No. 132154, June 29, 2000
People vs. Guillermo, GR. No. 147786, January 20, 2004
Other Confessions
People v. Malngan, G.R. No. 170470, September 26, 2006
People v. Gomez, 270 SCRA 432 (1997)
Illinois v. Perkins, 496 U.S. 292 (1990)
People v. Lugod, G.R. 136253, February 21, 2001
Re-enactment
People v. Luvendino, 211 SCRA 36 (1992)
Exclusionary rule
Art. III, Sec. 12 (3)
Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine
People v. Alicando 251 SCRA 293 (1995)
Harris vs. New York, 401 U.S. 222 (1971)
New York vs. Quarles, 104 S. U. 2626 (1984)
RIGHT TO BAIL
RIGHTS OF AN ACCUSED
Art. III, Sec. 14
Presumption of Innocence
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PUNISHMENTS
Excessive fines and cruel, degrading and inhuman punishments
People vs. Dela Cruz, 92 Phil. 906 (1953)
People vs. Borja, 91 SCRA 340 (1978)
People vs. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
Loiusiana v. Resweber, 329 U.S. 459 (1947)
Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 [1986]
Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002)
The death penalty
Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 132601 January 19, 1999
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Involuntary servitude
Art. III, Sec. 18
Aclaracion vs. Gatmaitan, 64 SCRA 131 (1979)
Double Jeopardy
Art. III, Sec. 21
Rule 117, Sec. 7
Rule 120, Sec. 5
Elements
People vs. Obsania, 23 SCRA 1249 (1968)
Subsequent prosecution barred; Exceptions
Melo vs. People, 85 Phil. 766 (1959)
People vs.Yorac, 42 SCRA 230 (1971) (overruled)
PSB v. Bermoy, G.R. No. 151912, September 26, 2005
Heirs of Rillorta vs. Firme, 157 SCRA 518 (1988)
People vs. Miraflores, 115 SCRA 586 (1982)
People vs. Judge Vergara, 221 SCRA 560 (1993)
Tupaz v. Ulep, GR. No. 127777, October 1, 1999
Argel v. Judge Pascua, A.M. No. RTJ-94-1131, August 20, 2001
Jurisdiction of Courts
People v. Bocar, 138 SCRA 166 (1985)
Galman vs Sandiganbayan, 144 SCRA 43 (1986)
People vs. Grospe, 157 SCRA 154 (1988)
People vs. Judge Santiago, 174 SCRA 143 (1989)
Identity of Acts
People vs. Relova, 148 SCRA 292 (1987)
Identity of Offenses
People vs. City Court, 154 SCRA 175 (1987)
Nierras vs. Dacuycuy, 181 SCRA 1 (1990)
Military Court Proceedings
Cruz vs.Enrile, 160 SCRA 702 (1988)
Tan v. Barrios. October 18, 1990
Right to Speedy Trial
Que vs. Cosico, 177 SCRA 410 (1989)
Caes vs. IAC, 179 SCRA 54 (1989)
Administrative & Criminal Proceedings
Icasiano vs. Sandignabayan, 209 SCRA 377(1992)
Vincoy v. CA, G.R. No. 156558, June 14, 2004
People v. Larannaga, G.R. No. 138874, July 21, 2005
Plea of Guilt to Lesser Offense
People vs. Judge Villarama, 210 SCRA 246 (1992)
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FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION
Art. III, Sec. 4
Id., Sec. 18 (1)
Purpose
United States vs. Bustos, 37 Phil. 731 (1918)
Burgos vs. Chief Of Staff, 133 SCRA 800 (1984)
New York Times vs. Sullivan 380 US 51 (1964)
Restrictions
Gonzales vs. COMELEC, 27 SCRA 835 (1969)
Social Weather Station v. Comelec, G.R. 147571, May 5, 2001
Balancing of Interest Test
Dangerous Tendency Test
Clear and Present Danger Test
Zaldivar vs. Sandiganbayan, 170 SCRA 1 (1989)
Sanidad vs. COMELEC, G.R. 90878, January 29, 1990
Reno v. ACLU, D-96-511 June 26, 1997
Miriam College v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127930 December 15, 2000
ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp. v. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, January 28, 2000
Chavez v. Comelec
Freedom of Expression, Libel and National Security
Babst vs. NIB, 132 SCRA 316 (1984)
Espuelas vs. People, 90 Phil. 524 (1951)
Elizalde vs. CFI 116 SCRA 93 (1982)
Lopez vs. Court of Appeals, 34 SCRA 116 (1970)
PJI v. Thoenen, G.R. No. 143372, December 13, 2005
Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989)
Borjal v. C.A., 301 SCRA 1(1999)
Baguio Midland Courier v. CA, G.R. No. 107566, November 25, 2004
Freedom of Expression and the Administration of Justice
Cabansag vs. Fernandez, 102 Phil. 152
People vs. Alarcon, 69 Phil. 265 (1939)
In Re Ramon Tulfo, AM 90-4-1545-0, April 17, 1990
Nestle Phils. vs. Sanchez, 154 SCRA 542 (1987)
In Re Atty. Emil Jurado AM 90-5-2373 July 12, 1990
Freedom of Expression, Movie Censorship, Obscenity and the Right to
Privacy
Gonzales vs. Kalaw Katikbak, 137 SCRA 356 (1985)
Lagunzad vs. Sotto, Vda. De Gonzales 92 SCRA 476 (1979)
Ayer Productions vs. Judge Capulong, 160 SCRA 861 (1988)
KMU v. Director General, G.R. No. 167798, April 19, 2006
MTRCB v. ABS-CBN, G.R. No. 155282, January 17, 2005
Reno v. ACLU, June 26, 1997, D-96-511
Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973)
Fernando v. Court of Appeals. G.R. No. 159751 December 6, 2006
Radio Broadcasts
Eastern Broadcasting Corp. (DYRE) vs. Dans, 137 SCRA 247 (1985)
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY
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FREEDOM OF INFORMATION
Art. III, Sec. 7
Baldoza vs. Dimaano, 71 SCRA 14 (1976)
Tanada vs. Tuvera, supra
Valmonte vs. Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256 (1989)
Legaspi vs. CSC, 150 SCRA 530 (1987)
Garcia vs. BOI, 177 SCRA 374 (1989)
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION
Art. III, Sec. 8
Art. IX, Sec. 2 (5)
Art. XIII, Sec. 3, par.2
Occena vs. COMELEC, 127 SCRA 404 (1985)
In re Edillon, 84 SCRA (1979)
Rotary Intl v. Rotary Club, 481 U.S. 537 (1987)
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
Art. III, Sec. 5
Nonstablishment Clause
Operation of Secretarian schools
Art. XIV, Sec. 4(2)
Religions instruction in Public schools
Art. XIVSec. 3(3)
Civil Code, Art. 359(1)
Anti- evolution laws
Epperson vs. Arkansas, 33 U. S. 27 (1968)
Prayer and Bible reading in public schools
Engel vs. Vitale, 370 U. S. 421 (1962)
Abington Schools Dist. vs. Schempp, 374 U. S. 203 (1973)
Stone v. Graham, 449 U.S. 39 (1980)
Tax exemption
Art. VI, Sec. 28 (3)
Public aid to religion
Art. VI, Sec. 29 (2)
Aglipay vs. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201 (1937)
Mueller v. Allen, 463 U.S. 388 (1983)
Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 [1971]
Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 [1985]).
Islamic Dawah Counsil v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 153888, July 9, 2003
Intramural religious disputes
Fonacier vs. CA, 96 Phil. 417 (1955)
Free Exercise Clause
Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651. June 22, 2006
Flag salute
West Va Board of Education vs. Barnette, 319 U. S. 624 (1943)
Ebralinag v. Division Superintendent (March 1, 1993)
Freedom to propagate religious doctrines
American Bible Society vs. City of Manila , 181 Phil. 386 (1957)
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end.
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