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Title: Underwater Camera System For Hull Inspection: Final Year Design Projects of Mechanical Engineering 2011/2012
Title: Underwater Camera System For Hull Inspection: Final Year Design Projects of Mechanical Engineering 2011/2012
2011/2012
Title: Underwater Camera System for Hull Inspection
Group size:
4 students
Supervisors:
Prof. Lilong Cai (email: melcai@ust.hk)
Prof. Vincent Li (email: emvli@ust.hk)
General Description:
Overhauling the hull is an important routine maintenance procedure for marine
vessels. Preliminary inspections are usually carried out to estimate the extent of
repair to be done. At present, the shipyards employ the practice of sending
divers to perform underwater inspection of the hull. However, the inspection
result will mainly depend on the judgments from the divers and this may have
deviations from the actual condition due to their experience/knowledge. Another
method is dry-docking which can facilitate detailed examination of the condition
of the hull. Yet, it is costly and time consuming.
Investigations have been made to see if guided underwater camera system can
be developed to gather the necessary information for the shipyards
maintenance planning.
Scope of Work:
This FYDP project aims to design/fabricate a low cost and reliable underwater
camera system to carry out preliminary inspection for the hull of vessels. The
functional specifications of the system are as follows:1. The camera system can work under sea water to a depth of about 6 meters.
2. It should be portable for inspection at various locations.
3. It should have maneuvering capability with control/video signal being
connected to a main
control and display panel via cables.
The project will involve the application of control theory, vision and motor
technology, software
development and hardware fabrication for the camera system.
4 creative and hardworking students will be ideal for a team to this project. Each
group member will look after the design and fabrication of specific parts and
coordination from the team leader is critical to the success of this project.
Please contact either Professor Cai or Prof. Li for project details if you are
interested.
Some examples of the underwater camera are shown below:-
General Description:
Capillary-assisted evaporators have drawn a lot of attention recently due to their high heat transfer
coefficient benefitting from the extremely thin evaporating liquid film. They are studied widely in
fundamental research on heat and mass transfer. Effort has been made to develop capillary-assisted
evaporators that have enhanced evaporation rate.
Existing systems, low pressure evaporators such as water evaporators, falling film evaporators and
methanol evaporators have two main problems: one is that the system becomes may become more
complex involving a circulating pump and liquid spray equipment; the other is the non-uniform
liquid distribution on the outside surface of the heat transfer tubes.
However, capillary-assisted evaporation systems can solve these two problems perfectly and thus
have the potential to be a more suitable heat transfer method for low pressure and compact
evaporators. Moreover, the evaporation coefficient could be greatly enhanced by at least 30-40%.
They also possess many advantages such as high heat transfer efficiency, high reliability, structural
simplicity and low cost. Most importantly, the special cooling power (SCP) of adsorption cooling
systems could be increased by 30-40% due to the large evaporating mass flow rate in capillaryassisted evaporators.
Scope of Work:
1. Design and fabrication of the capillary-assisted evaporator used in adsorption airconditioning systems
2. Design and fabrication of the capillary-assisted flow and evaporation inside circumferential
rectangular micro grooves, etc.
3. Experiments and performance evaluation (e.g. a comparison between the traditional
evaporator and capillary-assisted evaporator, heat transfer coefficient performance, etc.)
4. Test its performance under an application of an adsorption cooling system
Some of the above scopes will involve all students working together. Then the students will be
assigned individual tasks. Both laboratory-based experimental work and system fabrication in the
mechanical engineering workshop will be required.
General Description:
In this project, a compact micro EDM system will be developed and tested for use in precision machining. To
achieve high surface quality in a machining process for micro features, micro machining of machining tools
will be necessary and electrical discharge machining (EDM) (Fig. 1-4) will be a suitable choice for such
purpose. Tooling is an important issue in precision machining which is widely used in many industries for
making precision parts.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
The students of the project team will gain knowledge and experiences in mechatronic and precision system
design and development.
Scope of Work:
(1) Structure. The micro EDM system will of a wire cut type and will have a wire handling and application
sub system, a dielectric fluid delivery sub system, and a sub system for workpiece/wire positioning. A pulse
current generation sub system will also be used in the proposed micro EDM system.
(2) Requirement. A key requirement is to design and develop a micro EDM system under a spatial constraint.
The system size has to be limited to fit to a location of limited space. The micro EDM system is to be compact
for mobility.
(3) Background. Currently, an electroplating system is being developed. The electroplating system will be
used together with the micro EDM system for precision machining applications.
(4) Tasks. The tasks include literature review of the existing technologies and working principles,
specification development, concept design, detail design, modeling and analysis, mechanical system
manufacturing, test and adjustment, system performance evaluation under test run and machining conditions.
General Description:
As a novel technology for thermal-electrical energy conversion, thermophotovoltaic systems are
attracting more and more interests and efforts in recent years. Similar to a solar cell, in which solar
radiation is converted into electricity directly, thermophotovoltaic cells can directly convert thermal
radiation into electricity. A thermophotovoltaic cell is normally consisting of a heat absorber, a
radiator, a radiation filter, a photovoltaic cell. Generally, the heat absorber absorbs heat from various
sources, e.g., waste heat, solar radiation, or even combustion, and transfer the heat to the radiator; the
radiation emitted by the radiator will be filtered so that only the part within a specified band can pass
through the filter and the other part will be reflected back to the radiator; the resulted narrow-band
thermal radiation reaches the solar cell and is converted into electricity. Unlike a common solar cell,
in which the surface receive radiation distributed over a wide range, the thermophotovoltaic module
will work with filtered radiations that matches the characteristics of the photovoltaic component the
best. By selectively emitting radiation in a narrow band range and recycling the radiation in other
regime, the theoretic efficiency limit of a thermophotovoltaic system can be as high as 54% for a
non-concentrated source and 85% for a concentrated source, much higher than that of a solar cell.
Thermophotovoltaic systems provide another effective approach to utilize solar energy or harvest
waste heat from the environment. They are expected to play an important role in meeting the energy
challenge in the future.
The proposed project is to develop a preliminary thermophotovoltaic system for waste heat recovery
and characterize its behavior. This project will involve numerical modeling, engineering
design/construction and experimental measurements.
Scope of Work:
1. Construct a numerical model to simulate and optimize the performance of
thermophotovoltaic systems.
2. Design a thermphotovoltaic system for waste heat recovery.
3. Build a thermophotovoltaic system using components available on the market and
characterize its performance.
4. Analyze the experimental data and suggest possible approaches to improve the
performance.
General Description:
Graphene is the award-winning wonder material which led to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 being awarded
jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the twodimensional material graphene." Graphene is a two-dimensional monolayer of carbon atoms, and has been
developed very recently, immediately attracting a great deal of scientific attention. Their unique physical,
optical, mechanical properties have numerous potential applications in areas like nanoelectronics, sensors,
transistors, batteries, MEMS/NEMS as well as conducting polymers.
Streaming potential generated by the pressure driven flow in microchannels can be harnessed to produce
electrical energy. The hydrophobic nature of graphene surface enables it to possess an exceptional slip
property, hence has the potential to improve the efficiency of electrokinetic energy conversion. A graphenebased microfluidic device is proposed to explore this novel energy conversion.
Scope of Work:
Ultra-large size graphene sheets will be produced from the bulk graphite flakes using the well-established
exfoliation and expansion methods. These graphene sheets will be deposited layer-by-layer onto the microchannel surface using the Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) deposition technique. The surface properties of graphene
coating will be systematically controlled by doping the graphene with a range of functional agents.
An energy conversion device based on grapheme coated microchannels will be designed and fabricated.
Streaming current and streaming potential will be characterized for pressure driven flow using a high pressure
controller. The energy conversion efficiency will be estimated.
This project will be carried out through close collaboration between two FYDP groups. One group will
develop a new technique to produce ultra-large graphene sheets with varying functional groups and deposit
these graphene sheets onto the micro-channel surface layer-by-layer.
The other group will be in charge of the design and development of the energy conversion device, and deliver
a simple demo to show the energy conversion process.
General Description:
Craniofacial implants are used to mend the skull after trauma or surgery. Conventional titanium
implants are overly rigid, takes too long to make and costly. New developments are aiming to make
custom-fitted implants within 24 hours upon order by the surgeon. The project aims to develop the
joint machining system for the skull and the fabrication system for the polymeric implant.
Learning Objectives:
A) Biomedical CAD design
B) Joint design for optimal skull-implant integrity and compatibility
C) Plastic machining and fabrication
D) Testing and evaluation of components and assemebly
Scope of Work:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Biomedical CAD design from medical computer tomographic (CT) images (group)
Joint design and joint machining system on bones (2 members)
Plastic machining and fabrication (2 members)
Testing and evaluation of components and assembly (group)
Deliverables: Fitted implant on skull; joint machining system; implant fabrication process from
CAD.
Scope of Work
This project consists of several essential elements, namely, components and parts sourcing, mechanical
design and assembly, rigid body dynamics and aerodynamics, electrical circuits and opto-electronics
packaging, and signal conditioning/processing. Participating students will develop design, assembly,
characterization, and analysis skills in this project. Both teamwork and individual effort will be
emphasized. Each student will be responsible for one of the following tasks:
1. Sourcing of Components/Parts: source and select suitable components and parts.
2. Mechanical Design and Prototyping: design and implementation of actuation mechanism/mechanical
structure.
3. MAV Dynamics: design and analysis of rigid body motion and aerodynamics of the MAV.
4. Circuitry and Packaging: design and implementation of electrical circuits and opto-electronics packaging.
5. Signal Conditioning/Processing: treatment of signals to actuator/LED and from mini camera.
General Description:
Due to the global environmental change, there
are be more & more heavy rains, earthquake
(such as Tohoku earthquake occurred on 11
Mar 2011), typhoons and tsunami occurred in
the future. It is important to develop a new
wireless alert system for any nature disaster.
This project is to design and fabricate a new
wireless alert system using multiple MEMS
sensors. Low-power micro sensors with
wireless communication module will be
developed to continuously monitor any
possible events. This project is in
collaboration with the FYP group of Prof YuHsing Wang, Department of Civil Engineering, HKUST.
Scope of Work:
The design and manufacturing of this prototype are challenging. Each student will be responsible for one of
the following design and manufacturing:
Industrial Sponsor:
RADAR
The project is to design and manufacture a mini human-like robot that can dance with music. The
robot dancing is one of popular types of robot contests. The robot should perform a number of dance
movements when music starts. This design project includes several primary components: power
system, mechanical structure, control system, and aesthetic design. The manufacturing and
assembling of such robot are challenging. Its performance and functions are expected to reach a level
of commercial mini robot, or even better. Students will go through training of a product design and
prototype realization in this project. Both team work and individual efforts will be emphasized.
Individual team member will be responsible for one of the following design and manufacturing:
1.
Robot structure and function design
Design objectives: design the whole robot structure and
functions, and define the capabilities of the dancing
robot.
2. Power system and motion design
Design objectives: provide sufficient power supply for a 5minute dancing and sufficient movements and stability
in motion.
3.
Mechanical structure and aesthetic design
Design objectives: Make robot structure with sufficient
strength to support all components and minimize the
total weight of robot. Design the appearance of robot.
4.
Control system and synchronization with music.
Design objectives: Make automatic synchronized movements
with music.
Join the project, if you have confidence to make a remote control robot that is capable of
playing in a robot dancing contest.
General Description:
Remotely piloted aircrafts play essential roles in a variety of situations, such as search and rescue in
danger areas. One example is that they can be used to take photos with on-flight cameras of the
nuclear power plants destroyed by the earthquake/tsunami in Japan. A well designed model presents
a nice demonstration to attract young talents to join Mechanical Engineering.
Enlightened by the verticopter concept from Garrow Aircraft Company, this project is to design a
radio controlled (RC) flight model, as depicted in the picture below. The co-axial twin propeller is
mounted on a rotary bar near the center of gravity of the flight vehicle. The rotary bar allows the
propeller to rotate along the pitch axis, thus giving it a vectoring thrust capability. With gyro sensors
and sophisticated control systems, this RC flight vehicle is expected to perform vertical take-off and
landing (VTOL), hovering as helicopter, low speed as well as full speed cruise.
Scope of Work:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Design of the model, including the control system, model shape, motors and propellers.
Manufacture and integration of parts.
Trim the plane for expected performances.
Testing of the model.
(http://verticopter.net/vcimages/Verticopter_2-Seater_web.jpg)
* This project is proposed by a group of students.
calculation, system integrating, test and experimental results. The performance of vapor chambers
and heat pipes will be evaluated.
2011/2012
Title: Portable Solar Cooker for Survivals beyond Catastrophic
Disasters
Group size: 4-5 students
Supervisor:
General Description:
Catastrophic disasters such as the earthquake and tsunami
experienced recently in Japan often destroy utility supplies
including potable water and electricity that are vital to the
survivors. Hot food and boiled water are often preferred by
the survivors especially after prolonged period staying in the
rescue center before getting back to their normal lives. Solar
collectors capable of tracking the position of the sun can
provide convenience to prepare hot food and warm water in
the absence of regular power supply. Because disasters could
hit anytime and anywhere in the world, this project aims at
making a portable solar cooker that automatically tracks the
position of the sun continuously to achieve maximum
temperature for optimal cooking and boiling water.
Scope of Work:
(1) Solar Collector and Cooker Design
In realizing the portability of the device, smaller pieces of reflective materials will be assembled
to the designed shape of a solar collector to concentrate the thermal energy from the sun; and the
cooker will be placed at the focus of the solar collector for optimal cooking.
(2) Sun-tracking Movement
Computer programs positioning many celestial bodies are being applied in astronomical
telescopes with automatic tracking functions. These programs can be applied in this project to
track the position of the sun with respect to the fixed position designated to use the solar cooker.
Alternatively, sun-tracking sensor can be employed for similar function.
(3) Sun-tracking Mechanism of the Solar Cooker
Structure of the solar collector and cooker will be designed to enable the sun-tracking functions.
Gears and motors will be used to move the structure in tracking the position of the sun at different
time of the day and in different seasons of the year.
(4) Power Logistics
Power is needed to move the solar collector tracking the position of the sun, as well as operating
the electronic devices governing the movement. Batteries charged by solar photovoltaic cells are
the most convenient power sources for this device, especially after the disaster hits.
Supervisor:
General Description:
The creation of pollution free green energy has become one of the main concerns in our modern
society, the whole engineering field and energy industry. This project aims to build a small green
energy generator made of thin shape memory alloy (TiNi) wires or micro-tubes. The project includes
several components: Design principles for the green energy generation, mechanical structure, electric
and thermal-fluid parts, design and manufacturing, and assembling and testing. They are all very
interesting, exciting and challenging. The performance and functions of the green engine and the
efficiency will be assessed so that it can be used for demonstration and to nicely attract the high
school students in the Outreach Day of the Department and the Engineering School. It will also be
considered to donate this device to the Hong Kong Science Museum. Students will go through a
series of training in both product design and prototype realization in this project. Both team work
and individual efforts will be emphasized. Each student or a group of students will focus on and be
responsible for one of the following work:
Scope of Work:
6. Design Principles, Criteria and Objectives: Physical and mathematical principles for
observation:
components.
can perform all the designed functions for the purpose of demonstration.
Job assignment among the team:
All the 4 students are required to participate in the theory, design, fabrication and tests processes but
with different focus of concentration. The project leader will coordinate the whole project.
General Description:
This will be a Cathay Pacific sponsored large project. The objective is
to design and manufacture a single-man pedal kart that will represent
Cathay Pacific to participate in the 2012 Hong Kong 24hr Charity
Pedal Kart Grand Prix. The current design has many serious
drawbacks and limitations. The new design and the final
manufactured kart will be expected to overcome them and greatly
raise the standard and quality of the kart.
Scope of Work
1. Conduct a full analysis of the existing design, including its driving system, the transmission
system, the steering system, the braking system, and the body structure.
2. The current single wheel driving mechanism has a serious asymmetric structure problem
which causes noticeable shaking when the kart is in high speed. A detailed analysis,
preferably using FEM, will be performed.
3. The current kart would shake noticeably when driven 10 hours or longer. A FEM analysis on
this will be performed.
4. The shape of the front cover (hood) currently is arbitrarily designed without any
optimization. A wind-tunnel test on the shape will be performed, to investigate the
aerodynamics of the geometric shape.
5. Based on the outcomes of 1 5, the students will study and propose a few design alternatives,
and eventually come up with a new and complete design for the entire kart including: (a) the
driving system, (b) the transmission system, (c) the steering system, (d) the braking system,
(e) the body structure, and (f) the front cover.
6. The entire design must be done using a CAD tool, e.g., SolidWorks, and stored in CAD files
for archive.
7. Design and add an electronic odometer on the kart; it will be used to record the rounds made
by the kart during the race.
8. Finally, the manufacturing of the newly designed kart.
_______________________
* The 5 students have already been assigned to this project based on an early selection conducted in early March.
Prof. Jingshen Wu
(email: mejswu@ust.hk)
General Description:
The students working on this project are required to design and fabricate an active RFID tag using printing
technology. The RFID tag will consists of a battery, a RFID chip and an antenna on a flexible substrate. The
RFID tag is expected to have good sensitivity in 3-5 meters.
Scope of Work:
The team should have four students working in the following four subjects. (1) Design and prepare flexible
substrate by printing technology; (2) design and fabricate antenna and receiver; (3) packaging and assembly
of the RFID tag and (4) computer software and system test.
Although each of the four students will focus on one of the four subjects, however, the success of the project
depends very much on good team work.
P. 20
General Description:
Graphene is the award-winning wonder material which led to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 being
awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the
two-dimensional material graphene." Graphene is a two-dimensional monolayer of carbon atoms, and has
been developed very recently, immediately attracting a great deal of scientific attention. Their unique
physical, optical, mechanical properties have numerous potential applications in areas like nanoelectronics,
sensors, transistors, batteries, MEMS/NEMS as well as conducting polymers.
Streaming potential generated by the pressure driven flow in microchannels can be harnessed to produce
electrical energy. The hydrophobic nature of graphene surface enables it to possess an exceptional slip
property, hence has the potential to improve the efficiency of electrokinetic energy conversion. A graphenebased microfluidic device is proposed to explore this novel energy conversion.
Scope of Work:
Ultra-large size graphene sheets will be produced from the bulk graphite flakes using the well-established
exfoliation and expansion methods. These graphene sheets will be deposited layer-by-layer onto the microchannel surface using the Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) deposition technique. The surface properties of graphene
coating will be systematically controlled by doping the graphene with a range of functional agents.
An energy conversion device based on grapheme coated microchannels will be designed and fabricated.
Streaming current and streaming potential will be characterized for pressure driven flow using a high
pressure controller. The energy conversion efficiency will be estimated.
This project will be carried out through close collaboration between two FYDP groups. One group will
develop a new technique to produce ultra-large graphene sheets with varying functional groups and deposit
these graphene sheets onto the micro-channel surface layer-by-layer.
The other group will be in charge of the design and development of the energy conversion device, and
deliver a simple demo to show the energy conversion process.
General Description:
Sensor networks and mobile devices have become increasingly important in our daily life. Central to the
development of these systems/devices is a practical self-powering approach. Energy harvesting from
vibration provides an economical and eco-solution to power low-power electronics. In this project, students
will have an opportunity to extract electrical energy from vibration using a commercially available
piezoelectric scavenger from AmbioSystems LLC. The energy harvesting mechanism utilizes axial strains
produced inside the piezoelectric material during vibration. The aims of this project are: (1) to demonstrate
energy generation from a vibration source, and (2) to study the correlation between the bending mode of the
piezoelectric scavenger, which can be altered by design, and the amount energy it generates. It is hoped that
through this exercise, students will acquire a general knowledge of energy harvesting principle and
implementation skills.
Scope of Work:
(1) Background study and literature research
a. Piezoelectric materials
b. Applications and related work
(2) Demonstration of energy generation
a. To design and manufacture a fixture to attach the piezeoelectric scavenger to the vibration
source available in the UG lab
b. To design and implement a circuit for the measurement of the electrical energy
c. Testing and measurement
(3) Characterization
a. To study the relationship between the energy output and the frequency of the vibration source
b. For a given input frequency, find the optimal bending mode that provides the maximum energy
by tuning the piezoelectric scavenger with weights.
P. 22
(email: meymf@ust.hk)
General Description
Wind power is a renewable energy that provides only an intermittent supply of energy. Like solar
energy, it is entirely dependent on the weather condition. To make the intermittent energy useful, it
is necessary to connect to a stable power source, such as a battery system. The battery system will
provide a DC power supply to appliances such as LED lights. This has the advantage that it
eliminates the driver normally required to convert AC power to DC power for the LED lights. This
infrastructure provides a more efficient system to power LED lights and at the same time harvest
the wind power effectively.
The project requires the study on wind power battery charging technology, adoption of DC power
distribution system based on standard such as Emerge Alliance 24VDC Occupied Space Standard,
and intelligent LED lighting system design.
Generator
LED
Lights
Battery
Rack
DC Power
Distributio
n Network
LED
Lights
LED
Lights
P. 23
Scope of Work:
P. 24
Fig.1 Sketch of the piezoelectric shoe with a power generator, and the sketch of power
pulse under impact test.
Scope of Work:
The project has two streams: material research and device fabrication.
For material research stream, the major objective of this work could be:
To fabricate flexible lead-free piezoelectric composites.
To characterize the performances.
To make a simple prototype for piezoelectric energy generator.
For device design fabrication, the major objective of this work could be:
To improve the design to be more fit to human body.
To select a more powerful material and make it to a suitable shape or structure.
P. 25
To design and fabricate the circuits, and assemble all the components to an energy
generator.
P. 26
different designs must be presented in the final report. Particular attention has to be paid to the
balance between the size and the output power as well as the balance between the size and the runtime.
Student #2: Membrane assembly electrode (MEA) fabrication and characterization
Design objectives: MEA is the key component of the DMFC. Student#2 will work together with a
PhD student to fabricate and optimize the MEAs for the DMFC stack. In particular, the MEA
should be designed to attain low crossover rates of methanol and water.
Student #3: Design and fabricate the fuel cell stack
Design objectives: Passive methanol delivery system will be adopted in the mini ship. To extend
the run-time of the mini ship on a single charge, methanol delivery system should be precisely
designed to achieve higher energy efficiency (i.e. lower methanol crossover) with higher
concentration methanol solution stored. Student#3 will accomplish the design work together with
Student#1 and fabricate the require components by himself/herself.
Student #4: Design and fabricate the case
Design objectives: The student will design and fabricate the case for this prototype based on the
fuel cell stack design as well as the electronic design. The student will finally assemble all the
above components with the help of Students#1, #2 and #3.
All Students: Fuel cell assembly and performance test.
All the students will participate assembly and performance test.
P. 28