PCTE Institute of Engineering and Technology

Course : B.Tech- Mechanical Engineering

Subject Name : Basic Thermodynamics
Subject Code : BTME305-18
Semester : III
Credit : 04
Course Instructor : Mr. Divanshu Gupta

Email Address : divanshu@pcte.edu.in

OVEARALLCOURSE OBJECTIVES

The course Basic Thermodynamics has been designed such that the undergraduate students can relate the science behind the energy aspect of
whole universe. The subject has a broad application area ranging from microscopic organisms to common household applications, transportation
vehicles and power generating systems. Itintroduces the concept of thermodynamic system and its interaction with the surroundings along the
boundaries and various properties associated with them. The interconversion of heat energy and work energybetween the system and
surroundings will be discussed briefly. The laws of thermodynamics along with the applications of First and Second law will lay the foundation
of the subject.Students will be able to make use of psychrometric charts, tables and graphs to find thermodynamic properties. The study of gas
power cycle and vapour power cycle will lead to the working of IC engines and components of steam power plant like compressor, boiler,
turbine and heat exchanger.

PREREQUISITE

None

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COURSE OUTCOMES

After studying this Course, the Students will be able to:-

CO1 : Apply various thermodynamic laws to real systems.

CO2 :Inter-relate kinetic energy, potential energy, enthalpy and internal energy.

CO3 :Apply first law of thermodynamics to open systems.

CO4 : Assess thermodynamic application using second law of thermodynamics.

CO5 :Estimate the properties of pure substance.

CO6 : Understand the working of gas power cycles and vapour power cycles and their respective applications.

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SYLLABUS

Unit 1: Basic Concepts

Definition of thermodynamics, Concept of Thermodynamic System and of thermodynamic equilibrium, Boundary and Surroundings; Open,
Closed and Isolated Systems. Property, state, path, process and cycle; dot/point functions and path functions, Phase and pure substances,
Equation of State, reversible, Quasi-static and irreversible processes; Energy and its forms, Energy transfer across the System boundaries. Types
of work transfer, heat and work; sign conventions for heat and work interaction, Concept of temperature and heat, microscopic and macroscopic
approach, Concept of continuum, Zeroth law of thermodynamics. Concept of thermal equilibrium and principles of thermometry. Ideal gas and
characteristic gas equation.

Unit 2 :First Law of Thermodynamics

Concept of First law of thermodynamics, essence and corollaries of First law; internal energy and enthalpy, analysis of non flow and flow
processes for an ideal gas for constant volume(isochoric), constant pressure(isobaric), constant temperature(isothermal), adiabatic and
polytropic processes. Changes in various properties, work done and heat exchange during these processes, free expansion and throttling process
and its applications in Engineering processes; Steady Flow Energy Equation and its application to various thermodynamic Systems (i.e., in
engineering devices).

Unit 3 :Second Law of Thermodynamics

Limitations of First law of thermodynamics, concept of Kelvin Plank and Clausius statements of the Second law and their equivalence and their
application to Refrigerator, Heat Pump and Heat Engine. Thermodynamic temperature scale, Efficiency and philosophy of Carnot cycle and its
consequences, Carnot Engine and Carnot theorem; Carnot refrigerator, Heat Pump and Heat Engines. Clausius theorem; Clausius inequality;
concept of entropy, principle of increase in entropy, representation of various processes on T-S coordinates and change in entropy for different
processes, concept of entropy generation in Closed and Open systems, high grade and low grade energy, available and unavailable energy;
availability and unavailability, Second law efficiency and energy analysis of Thermodynamic Systems, Third law of Thermodynamics
(definition only).

Unit 4: Gas Power Cycles

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Air-standard efficiency, Nomenclature of Piston-Cylinder arrangement w.r.t. swept volume; clearance volume, compression ratio and mean
effective pressure; Analysis and philosophy of Air-Standard Cycles i.e. Otto Cycle, Diesel Cycle and Dual Cycle; their compression ratio, mean
effective pressure, power output and Efficiency; Comparison between the three Cycles.

Unit 5: Internal Combustion Engines

Classification and application, constructional and working details of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines.

Unit 6: Properties of Steam

Pure Substance; steam formation at constant pressure and the properties of steam; use of steam tables, constant volume, constant pressure and
isentropic process, simple Ranking cycle. Construction, working, classification and applications of gas turbines, comparison of gas turbines with
steam turbines and IC engines, performance analysis of constant pressure gas turbine cycle (Brayton cycle), thermal refinements like
regeneration, inter-cooling and re-heating.

RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Cengel Y.A. and Boles. M.A., Thermodynamics-An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.
2. Nag P.K., Engineering Thermodynamics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS

1. R. Yadav, Sanjay and Rajay, Applied Thermodynamics, Central Publishing House.

2. R.S. Khurmi and R.S. Gupta, Applied Thermodynamics, S.Chand Publishing.
3. R.K. Rajput, Engineering Thermodynamics, Laxmi Publications LTD.
RECOMMENDED VIDEO LECTURES

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/108/112108148/ - Coordinated by IISc Bangalore.

2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/105/112105123/ - Coordinated by IIT Kharagpur.

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EVALUATION CRITERIA

PARAMETER MARKS

Mid Semester Examination 1 24

Mid Semester Examination 2 24
Presentation, Class test, Mini Project and Class
10
performance
Attendance 6
Total 40

Note –Average of MSE-1 and MSE-2 will be considered for calculating Internals.

Attendance Policy:

It is compulsory for all the students to have 75% attendance in each subject at the end of the semester failing which the student will not be
allowed to write the final exam.

2. Students can score marks in attendance as per the following rule:

Upto 75% - Nil 76% to 80%  -  2 marks

81% to 85%  -  3 marks 86% to 90% -  4 marks

91% to 95%  - 5 marks Above 95% - 6 Marks 

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Presentation Topics
S. No. Topic Topic Description Topic Outcome

1. Working and maintenance of engines of The topic will describe the working Students can relate the working of
heavy vehicles of 4-stroke 6-cylinder engine and engines for heavy vehicles
other heavy engines
2. Working and performance analysis of The topic is based on working of Students can relate and analyse the
domestic refrigerator refrigerator and will briefly discuss working of domestic refrigerator
the VCRS cycle and its performance
3. Heating load of household refrigerator and Th topic relates the distribution of Students will be aware of losses in
conservation measures to increase the heating load in a refrigerator and refrigerator and measures to prevent them
efficiency causes of its inefficiency
4. Working and new modifications in Turbojet The topic will impart the knowledge Students will know the application of
engine of principle behind the turbojet Brayton cycle and new modifications in it
engines i.e. Brayton cycle
5. Thermoelectric power generation and The topic will explain the Students will be aware of the recent
thermoelectric refrigeration thermoelectric power generation and advancement and future scope in the field
thermoelectric refrigeration which of thermodynamics
are based on Seebeck effect and
Peltier effect respectively
6. Working of thermal power plant and The topic discusses the working of Students will know the hierarchy for
electricity supply network thermal power plants which is based electricity generation and its supply in
on Rankine cycle and it introduces their households
the whole electricity supply network
7. Applications and maintenance of engines in The topic will describe the working Students can relate the working of
agriculture industry of 4-stroke 3-cylinder engine of engines for the backbone of agriculture
tractors and other machines i.e. tractors

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8. Application of four stroke engine in aviation The topic will discuss various Students will learn about different
industry applications of engines in aircrafts applications and differences in various
aircrafts.
9. Throttling process and its applications The topic will discuss briefly about Students will understand the throttling
the throttling process and its process and the applications in which
applications throttling occurs.
10. Advancements in the design of IC Engines The topic will discuss the various Students will be aware of the current
modern developments in the IC advancements in the design and
engines manufacturing of IC engines.
11. Applications of IC engines in marine industry The topic discuss about the engines Students will know about the types of
used in marine industry engines used in marine industry
12. Various fuels used to run IC engine and the The topic explains the possible fuels Students will be aware of different fuels
consequences of running an engine with used to run an engine and the effects which are used to run an IC engine and
different fuel of using a wrong fuel the consequences of using a wrong fuel.

Guidelines for Presentation

Presentation will be held during the semester about which you will be informed well in advance. The rules for presentation are:

 Each studentwill be allotted a single topic of presentation by the course instructor.

 Evaluationof the presentation will be based on the content covered, slide quality and delivery effectiveness.
 Students other than the presenters will be awarded scores according to their active participation in other’s presentation.
 The Presentation Topic will be given in advance;atleasttwo weeks before the date of presentation.
 Dress code will be formals on the day of presentation.
 Attendance for every student is MANDATORY during each presentation; failing which marks will be deducted.
 It is COMPULSORY for all the students to deliver the Presentation in order to clear the Internals of that subject.

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Presentation Topics

S.No Topic
1. Working analysis of 4 stroke IC engine
2. Working analysis of household air conditioner
3. Energy and Exergy analysis when a hot body is dropped in cold water
4. Analysis of electric heater in a household
5. Design a stirling engine
6. Working analysis of household refrigerator
7. Heat analysis of a heat exchanger

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COURSE PLAN
Subject:Basic Thermodynamics Code: BTME305-18
Class:B.Tech- Mechanical Semester:IIIrd Sem
No. of Lect.:44 Credit:4
Name of Instructor:Mr. Divanshu Gupta
Unit No. &
Lecture No. Topic Learning Objectives and Referred Video Link
Title
Definition of thermodynamics, Concept of Thermodynamic
System and of thermodynamic equilibrium, Boundary and The objective is to impart the basics of
1 thermodynamics and the properties associated with the
Surroundings; Open, Closed and Isolated Systems;
Microscopic and macroscopic approach processes. Students will be introduced to the Zeroth
(5 Hrs.)1. Basic Concepts

law of thermodynamics and the concept of work and

Property, state, path, process and cycle; Point functions and path
heat transfer.
2 function;Phase and pure substances;Reversible, Quasi-static and
irreversible processes; Energy and its forms.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CjPDXujjBY
Energy transfer across the System boundaries; Types of work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guP4wKNBtM4
3 transfer, Heat and work; Sign conventions for heat and work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t2G7yDWSnk
interaction; Concept of temperature and heat.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtXz3x7mQkA
4 (T) Numerical Problems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRACs9K5lTo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxUS1K7xu30
Concept of continuum, Zeroth law of thermodynamics. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHsm1aaUv48
5 Concept of thermal equilibrium and principles of thermometry.
Ideal gas and characteristic gas equation.
Concept of First law of thermodynamics, Essence and The objective of the unit is to introduce the concept of
6-7 corollaries of First law; Internal energy and enthalpy. First law of thermodynamics and its application in

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of Thermodynamics Analysis of Non-Flow processes for an ideal gas for constant various engineering devices.
volume(isochoric), constant pressure(isobaric), constant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bz6vexpZItw
8-9 temperature(isothermal), adiabatic and polytropic processes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDXQBE4r65Y
and free expansion; Changes in various properties, work done
and heat exchange during these processes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OD0mOT-dKU
10 (T) Numerical Problems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TRhUEkIodo
Hrs.)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_pbr5RFhVc
Law

Steady Flow Energy Equation and its application to various https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rR0wId7qwHY

2. First (8

thermodynamic Systems (i.e.in engineering devices); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Njj3tno43Zs

11-12 Throttling process https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=0Rs41ashcrM&t=2s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6S88XeA6fbM
Numerical Problems
13 (T)
(9 Hrs.)3. Second Law of Thermodynamics

Limitations of First law of thermodynamics, concept of Kelvin The objective of the unit is to introduce the concept of
Plank and Clausius statements of the Second law and their Second law of thermodynamics and its vast
14
equivalenceand their application to Refrigerator, Heat Pump applications like heat pumps, heat engines and
and Heat Engine. refrigerators.
Thermodynamic temperature scale, Efficiency and philosophy
of Carnot cycle and its consequences, Carnot Engine and
15
Carnot theorem; Carnot refrigerator, Heat Pump and Heat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QL-9as0MB_k
Engines.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6VNUYIUV3s
Clausius theorem; Clausius inequality; Concept of entropy,
16
Principle of increase in entropy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8uTK0hdwL7k

17 (T) Numerical Problems https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTtxlaeC9PY

Representation of various processes on T-S coordinates and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5wQoA15OnQ

change in entropy for different processes; Concept of entropy
18-19 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM-uykVfq_E
generation in Closed and Open systems; Third law of
Thermodynamics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kswiDQ2aAKA

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High grade and low grade energy, Available and unavailable

20-21
energy; Availability and unavailability, Second law efficiency https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-04oxjgS99w

22 (T) Numerical Problems

(3 Hrs.)5. Internal Combustion (9 Hrs.)4. Gas Power Cycles

Air-standard efficiency, Nomenclature of Piston-Cylinder

22-23 arrangement i.e. swept volume; clearance volume, compression The core objective of the unit is to introduce the
ratio and mean effective pressure
working of gas power cycles and its applications
Analysis and philosophy of Air-Standard Cycles i.e. Otto cycle, like automobile engines and gas turbines.
24-28 Diesel cycle and Dual cycle; their compression ratio, mean
effective pressure, power output and efficiency https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea0B4vPPCLc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPuQMdHmjrA
29-30 (T) Numerical Problems

The objective of the unit is to introduce the

Engines

constructional features and working of heart of

Classification and application, constructional and working automobiles i.e. IC engines.
31-33 details of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6YC3I54so4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RV1xWCpBEr8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlK7JIAz9WY
6.

34-35 Pure Substance; Steam formation at constant pressure and the The core objective of the unit is to introduce the
properties of steam; Use of steam tables working of gas power cycles and its applications

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Numerical Problems like automobile engines and gas turbines.

36 (T)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88MBCyiaPSM
37-38 Simple Ranking cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkgVogpziJk
(11 Hrs.)Properties of Steam

39 (T) Numerical Problems

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFZN71MY71o
Construction, working, classification and applications of gas
turbines; Comparison of gas turbines with steam turbines and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPg7hOxFItI
40-41
IC engines https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrWHi77oAWI
Performance analysis of constant pressure gas turbine cycle i.e.
42 Brayton cycle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bo12veBMds

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5YvuGartW0
Thermal refinements like Regeneration, Inter-Cooling and Re- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ayo5vXEGG4o
43 heating
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5IQ2TyiG5w

44 (T) Numerical Problems

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GUIDELINES FOR ONLINE CLASSES

1. It is mandatory for all of you to keep your videos switched ON during the whole lecture. So upgrade your internet data plan accordingly. If
required, you can come to the college campus to attend the online classes using college WiFi. 

2. Also, all of you ought to be decently dressed and seated on chair with preferably your laptop or mobile placed on the table in front of you
during the online lectures. 

In order to get attendance for the online lectures, all of you must comply to the above mentioned instructions.

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LIST OF PROJECTS ALLOCATED

S. No. Roll No. Name Project Allocated

1. 1917653 Aman Saini Working analysis of 4 stroke IC engine
2. 1917654 Bajrangi Working analysis of household air conditioner
3. 1917655 Jivesh Verma Energy and Exergy analysis when a hot body is dropped in cold water
4. 1917656 Katleho JMokuoe Analysis of electric heater in a household
5. 1917658 Nouh N Raoul Vierra Design a Stirling engine
6. 1917659 Ratnesh Singh Working analysis of household refrigerator
7. 1917660 T William Khethang Heat analysis of a heat exchanger

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