PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

Course : B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering)

Subject Name : FLUID MECHANICS
Subject Code : BTME-301-18
Semester : IIIrd
Credit : 4
Course Instructor : Harmesh Lal

Email Address : harmesh@pcte.edu.in

OVEARALLCOURSE OBJECTIVES

1 Understand the concept of fluids and their properties.

2. Apply the concept to solve the problems related to statics, dynamics and kinematics of fluids.
3. Use and apply dimensional analysis and similitude techniques to various physical fluid phenomena.
4. Distinguish various types of flows and learn flow measurement methods.

PREREQUISITES: NONE

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 1

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

COURSE OUTCOMES
After studying this Course, the Students will be able to:

Course Outcomes
CO1 Explain the fundamentals of incompressible and compressible fluid flow; State and explain working
principle, flow behavior of the incompressible and compressible fluid flows.
CO2 Discuss the various laws pertaining to different fluid flow applications.
CO3 Identify, formulate and solve problems related to various fluid flows.
CO4 Specify, interpret data, and make a judgment about the best possible solution.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 2

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
SYLLABUS
Detailed Contents Contact hours
1. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics: Introduction; Applications; Concept of fluid; Difference 02 Hrs
between solids, liquids and gases; Concept of continuum; Ideal and real fluids; Fluid properties:
density, specific volume, specific weight, specific gravity, viscosity (dynamic and kinematic),
vapour pressure, compressibility, bulk modulus, Mach number, surface tension and capillarity;
Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
2.Fluid Statics: Concept of static fluid pressure; Pascal’s law and its engineering applications; 06 Hrs
Hydrostatic paradox; Action of fluid pressure on a plane submerged surface (horizontal, vertical
and inclined): resultant force and centre of pressure; Force on a curved surface due to
hydrostatic pressure; Buoyancy and flotation; Stability of floating and submerged bodies;
Metacentric height and its determination; Periodic time of oscillation; Pressure distribution in a
liquid subject to: (i) constant acceleration along horizontal, vertical and inclined direction
(linear motion), (ii) constant rotation.
3.Fluid Kinematics: Classification of fluid flows; Lagrangian and Euler flow descriptions; 07 Hrs
Velocity and acceleration of fluid particle; Local and convective acceleration; Normal and
tangential acceleration; Path line, streak line, streamline and timelines; Flow rate and discharge
mean velocity; One dimensional continuity equation; Continuity equation in Cartesian (x,y,z),
polar (r,θ) and cylindrical (r,θ,z) coordinates; Derivation of continuity equation using the
Lagrangian method in Cartesian coordinates; Rotational flows: rotation, vorticity and
circulation; Stream function and velocity potential function, and relationship between them;
Flow net.
4. Fluid Dynamics: Derivation of Euler’s equation of motion in Cartesian coordinates, and 07 Hrs
along a streamline; Derivation of Bernoulli’s equation using principle of conservation of energy
and equation of motionand its applications to steady state ideal and real fluid flows;
Representation of energy changes in fluid system (hydraulic and energy gradient lines); Impulse
momentum equation; Kinetic energy and momentum correction factors; Flow along a curved

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 3

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
streamline; Free and forced vortex motions
5. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude: Need of dimensional analysis; Fundamental and 04 Hrs
derived units; Dimensions and dimensional homogeneity; Rayleigh’s and Buckingham’s π -
method for dimensional analysis; Dimensionless numbers (Reynolds, Froude, Euler, Mach, and
Weber) and their significance; Need of similitude; Geometric, kinematic and dynamic
similarity; Model and prototype studies; Similarity model laws.
6.Internal Flows: Laminar and Turbulent Flows: Reynolds number, critical velocity, critical 06 Hrs
Reynolds number, hydraulic diameter, flow regimes; Hagen – Poiseuille equation; Darcy
equation; Head losses in pipes and pipe fittings; Flow through pipes in series and parallel;
Concept of equivalent pipe; Roughness in pipes, Moody’s chart
7.Pressure and Flow Measurement: Manometers; Pitot tubes; Various hydraulic coefficients; 04 Hrs
Orifice meters; Venturi meters; Borda mouthpieces; Notches (rectangular, V and Trapezoidal)
and weirs; Rotameters.

Suggested Readings / Books:

1. S.K. Som, G. Biswas and S. Chakraborty, “Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines”, Tata McGraw Hill
Publications, 3rd edition, 2011.
2. D.S. Kumar, “Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power Engineering”, S.K. Kataria and Sons Publishers, 1st Edition, 2009.
3. C.S.P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson and P.N. Chandramouli, “Fluid Mechanics and Machinery”, Oxford University Press,1st
Edition, 2010.
4. Y.A. Cengel and J.M. Cimbala, “Fluid Mechanics - Fundamentals and Applications”, Tata McGraw Hill Publications,
3rd Edition, 2013.
5. V.L. Streeter, E.B. Wylie and K.W. Bedford, “Fluid Mechanics”, McGraw Hill BookCompany, New York, 9th Edition,
1998.
6. Frank M. White, “Fluid Mechanics”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications, 5th Edition, 2012.
.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 4

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
EVALUATION CRITERIA

Total Internal Weightage: 40 Marks Total External Weightage: 60 Marks

The bifurcation of Internal Weightage of 40 Marks is given below:-

PARAMETER MARKS
Mid Semester Examination 1 24
Mid Semester Examination 2 24
Attendance 06
Class Tests/Project/Assignment 05
Presentation 05
Total 40

Note:

There will be NO REMAKE of Mid-Semester Examination except on Medical Grounds. The students are advised to
appear in all the evaluation parameters with preparation as per Class Calendar to avoid any inconvenience.
The average marks from MSE 1 & MSE 2 will be considered towards Internal Assessment.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 5

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
TOPICS FOR PRESENTATION:

1) Concept of fluid, Difference between solids, liquids and gases with applications
2) Real and real fluids, Fluid properties with their practical uses.
3) Concept of static fluid pressure, Pascal’s law and its engineering applications
4) Action of fluid pressure on a plane submerged surface, resultant force and centre of pressure
5) Force on a curved surface due to hydrostatic pressure and its engineering applications
6) Buoyancy and flotation;,Stability of floating and submerged bodies and its uses.
7) Metacentric height and its determination,Periodic time of oscillation.
8) Pressure distribution in a liquid with different conditions.
9) Classification of fluid flows in fluid kinematics
10) Lagrangian and Euler flow and their applications
11) Details classifications ofRotational flows,
12) Bernoulli’s equation and their applications.
13) Dimensions and dimensional homogeneity and uses
14) Rayleigh’s and Buckingham’s π - method for dimensional analysis with practical applications
15) Model and prototype studies,Similarity model laws and their applications
16) Laminar and Turbulent Flows with practical applications
17) Head losses in pipes and pipe fittings

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 6

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
18) Roughness in pipes and Moody’s chart
19) Manometers,Pitot tubes and various hydraulic coefficients
20) Orifice meters,Venturi meters,Borda mouthpieces
21) Notches (rectangular, V and Trapezoidal) and weirs; Rotameters.

Guidelines for Presentation:

Presentation will be held during the semester about which you will be informed well in advance. The rules for
presentation are :

 Each student has to deliver individual presentation.

 The topic of each student will be decided by the Course Instructor.
 The Presentation Topic will be given in advance at-least a week before the date of presentation.
 Students must come in strict formals on the day of presentation.
 Six attendances will be taken during one and half day presentation. First attendance will be taken at 9:00 am
sharp, second after tea break, third attendance after lunch break and fourth attendance at the end of the
proceedings of the first day. Fifth attendance will be taken at start of presentations on second day and sixth
attendance will be taken at end of presentations on second day.
 Present will be marked only for those students who will be present at all the times during which the attendance
will be taken.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 7

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

 It is COMPULSORY for all the students to deliver the Presentation in order to clear the Internals of
that subject.
 The students will get attendance according to the number of sessions attended by that student.

ATTENDANCE POLICY:

It is compulsory for all the students to have 75% attendance in each subject at the end of the semester failing which the
student will not be allowed to write the final exam.

COURSE PLAN
Subject : Fluid Mechanics
Code : BTME-301-18
Class : B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering)
Semester : III
No. of Lect. : 3 Per Week
No. of Lectures available as per Calendar : 40
Name of Instructor : Harmesh Lal

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 8

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
Link of Video to be shared
Lect.No. Lecture Content
1. Concept of fluid, Difference between solids, liquids and gases. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcUfdWmmHs8
2. Concept of continuum, Ideal and real fluids,Fluid properties. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bZodDnmE0o
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pflu.html
3. Concept of static fluid pressure
rsYr8yHx0aFXSQvT7nm6ivJSMKnAU&index=11
4. Pascal’s law and its engineering applications, Hydrostatic paradox https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3uep-niYgeU
Action of fluid pressure on a plane submerged surface (horizontal, vertical https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhvUq5tVtd0
5.
and inclined) resultant force and centre of pressure
6. Force on a curved surface due to hydrostatic pressure; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDOiwv6WDDk
7. Buoyancy and flotation; Stability of floating and submerged bodies; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b3uAbgzOPQ
8. Metacentric height and its determination; Periodic time of oscillation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b3uAbgzOPQ
9. Classification of fluid flows, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VEDeLU2JJs
10. Lagrangian and Euler flow descriptions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iItS2O8Fcf8
Velocity and acceleration of fluid particle, Local and convective https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bohY9WWL89Y
11.
acceleration, Normal and tangential acceleration;
12. Path line, streak line, streamline and timelines; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grMmkSP637w
Flow rate and discharge mean velocity, One dimensional continuity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2wEVU9xCo
13.
equation.
Continuity equation in Cartesian (x,y,z), polar (r,θ) and cylindrical (r,θ,z) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2wEVU9xCo
14.
coordinates;
Derivation of continuity equation using the Lagrangian method in Cartesian https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2wEVU9xCo
15.
coordinates; Rotational flows: rotation,
Derivation of Euler’s equation of motion in Cartesian coordinates, and along https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oK8UxWI-85Y
16.
a streamline;
17. Derivation of Bernoulli’s equation using principle of conservation of energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7FR6PSbKXw
Equation of motionand its applications to steady state ideal and real fluid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-rHqTfDmUI
18.
flows
Representation of energy changes in fluid system (hydraulic and energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oecDDrYfyY
19.
gradient lines)
20. Impulse momentum equation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8x5pL0T4Y8

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 9

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

21. Kinetic energy and momentum correction factors https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3g1_klERAQY

22. Flow along a curved streamline. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1mluRUlniI

23. Free and forced vortex motions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_20RUjHHJ0

24. Need of dimensional analysis; Fundamental and derived units; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mp0R7vue5s4

25. Dimensions and dimensional homogeneity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IiigcVXrjQ

Rayleigh’s and Buckingham’s π - method for dimensional analysis, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w03bW-JI6c4
26.
Dimensionless numbers
Need of similitude; Geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity; Model and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZglbpJ_31qg
27.
prototype studies; Similarity model laws.
28. Laminar and Turbulent Flows: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wNmtle6qkE

29. Reynolds number, critical velocity, critical Reynolds number, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfotE5NPHPc

Hydraulic diameter, flow regimes Hagen – Poiseuille equation; Darcy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen
30.
equation; %E2%80%93Poiseuille_equation
31. Head losses in pipes and pipe fittings. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4rbUtAxgHM

32. Concept of equivalent pipe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2duBpvkMKVM

33. Roughness in pipes, Moody’s chart. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5glOutYffeM

34. Manometers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXXGIFSmZRE

35. Pitot tubes, Various hydraulic coefficients; . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ek6fLIZrVTo

36. Orifice meters ,Venturi meters; Borda mouthpieces; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1-AAELUsEQ

37. Notches (rectangular, V and Trapezoidal) and weirs; Rotameters. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EQSu8XzPI4

38. Revision Class-1 NA

39. Revision Class-2 NA

40. Revision Class-3 NA

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 10

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
GUEST LECTURE (TOPIC: INVERSIONS OF MECHANISMS)

Dr. Anil Bharti

HOD Mechanical Engineering.
Indo Global College Abhipur

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 11

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

VALUE-ADDITION

1. Bernulli s Theorem and its applications.

2. Use of fluid flow under transient conditions using ANSYS.

INDUSTRIAL VISIT

1. National Skill Training Institute (NSTI) Ludhiana

2. Bhakhra DAM Nangal.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 12

 PCTE Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana
PROJECTS ALLOCATED
B.Tech. (Mech. Engg.)-III Semester: BTME-301-18 Fluid Mechanics
S. No. Roll No. Name Project Allocated
1. 1917653 Aman Saini Prepare a model for Reynols s experiments
2. 1917654 Bajrangi Prepare a model for differentiate between Static and
dynamic flow
3. 1917655 Jivesh Verma Fabricate a model to differentiate between Venturimeter
and Orficemeter
4. 1917656 Katleho JMokuoe Design any three type Pitot tube
5. 1917658 Nouh N Raoul Vierra Prepare the model of rectangular and discuss different
parameters
6. 1917659 Ratnesh Singh Prepare the model of V-notch and discuss different
parameters
7. 1917660 T William Khethang Prepare a model of different pipes and study the effect
of roughness in different pipes

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 13