Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A GCV Based Method
A GCV Based Method
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
= >?@ACBDFEHGIJG3K 6
:L
0.ML ONNJ
P)Q.0;R
M3SJ)/TU
V.V)-H
W)XH.0-J
YJNUZ
P
M)
3[+\TU
V.V)-]^'-`_J'+a
M
:,).4#b KdcfehgikjldmndoRpqgrdsutMlKwv!>xK1y#vz{{|#KU}x}JlJ~fv#f~~{fl
= >xv @ACBHDEHGIJG3KJvzzu?xl SNJ/.0-J$&)"Z/H*)
^Y+!Z
0.M)-Jda
M Kdce7gikf/tsxp t}f4svzzu?dl
= > @ACBJDFEHG1I1G3HBwC(J(GKvz l L
:) /.M"
M#"b#.M-C
Pu
0
.MJ )
#.M
'x;*!)
-J)-5
/.0-J
:;^)
W!Z-U#.0-f% Q#N
.0;^Z-1
V Kjl+oR}xndl7KzKx>>xv 7>l
= >@HB<BDG8ACBDBEJGJK [#L
0
:);^-J
V.VLR
'#)
b*)
9f )#NU'xb .ML UONNJ/.ML
0.M)-x Kxr
tp:q:o^srdp7Ri`p!:xdr`g}x}t/pp}d7lK3vRvv#PfvvlHy#vz |cl }tMlHp}dl
= >>@^BOBDFEwG1^BDB+dJIJJ3K 2-
# .M)-):*%$&-1u
M)
M0/Td
#.MLa
M*)
^Y-JRa.05
;^Z-U#.M)-1w3)-1"TL
0.0.M
0b Kc %lUi`rdq:s}dKvzz l
= >@JBxEHG11<B8Bx`GJ3/3d%B<Bx&G1JJdKd 57a+ .0!
V.4u.V
Vb8J)
#
P"$`)"/.0-d-1"2-
# .M) .0-d)-#Tf
M<+
:".M-J
0 Kp}x7!K3~?xKJKUy#vzz|#KU}x}JlwvZfvvZ l
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
J'))#.0-f%))"%+.V"f68
:;^
MZ
Kd3p xrdoRp!:q7K vKy#vZz{z|}d}Jl vZZ l
=(vZ~Z@ACBx<BA91JICGJBBdGGK $&
0
#.QR3);NJTU
W
0.M)-U KZcfp!rdRpJl(Kxp+jxrd3}xrd
rpq:7hq:p:K+st7oRq:pKwi`<Kwvz zl
=(vZ{Z@ACB<B9A91JI<B1`GxUwKR T"
P
V.VL#0/b3)-!
0
:.0-J "XJ
S1\ZTU
:^-J" T"
P
V.VL
6
P)Z;< KmndoRpqli`s:lKUzKJy#vzzfvZ|}d}l1~fv d ?xl
=(v @ACB<B%A<JI%<B`GdwK -J
P/.u "w
:) #5/.V"
V.4)-C*)
XJ
MSJL 6
:);% K
y#vzz{|#KU:Rs}d}psq
=(vZzZ@B+GId3K ,Tx;^
#.ML wS1
V
P
M7.M3*!)
C
'S1)/T
0.M)-):*2-U
<6
P)Z;< KHl dp7Kdp
rpq:7hu8q77:+utndo<fsdK3vzz{fl
= ?u@BG1JHwK 8hTd
.u
0.M)-3.V
('Ra.
:-J
0.MUYNU
:
M)
#!3-<2
MZ
P
0.03ONNJ
P)uL ' K!mndolndrxl
grdsutMlJ}d7olKwvZfKJy#vZzz |+}x}JlJ du>?xl
= v#@BGH3BB9GdK 87Td
#.u
0.M)-;R
')"*)
C
MCL 9NJ
P)Z;< Kcfndq:pr
i`s:dpoRs7!Mqehrxdnd::q:KJKJy#vzz|O}d}Jl dvfl
= @BB+G3:x 8-daM+L.M-J
3-1"%20/5h6+)!#"R6
:);% Jl xp!7K33p xrsut rp!q:77
u3prdoRsq:K3vZzzl
= Z@B<Bwd3K 2
M
:
0.0+$`
')"J*)
+XH.0-J
-J",)-/.4-J#
3[8\T
0.M)-U Kce7gif/tsxp t}xxsdl
vzzfl
= >u@CBRdEK +) /.u
0.M)-SJL ';R<*)
('-J
:/.u "FTd# 57,Z
M)-$`
')u" mnxol
i`s:Jl(KU~K KJy#vzz~|O}d}JlJzv#f~u?l
= Z@RBABOJJxJId11d3K YNH
0.0;<.
V.V)-`bFU#L
M)
SNL %$&u
')" Kxmp+M+q:jxr/tpsrd
cfrxvz~zl
= ~Z@DBxJHwK )#NU'xb .ML uHa
MC-J/b .0!a.0!LZ
P
W2-Z
!_1'#)
b K3gsdpo%q:p!:Kehrxl(K
q7tsrdxdK3vz >xl
= {Z@RBHDB3dJIJJ3K Y-J57a.0;^Z-U#.M)-12-Z
.M)-`):*,
VTd
:dSJ)Td
:L $`-J
M)
MZ4/Tx
.ML+$` #5
Tx
PZ;^-J
0 Kp}x7KH>>dKJy#vZz{z|}d}lHv v Uv >>xl
= @wRBUDBwJxJIJ1wBw<BJAGdw<BA34uK Z-1Z
P/.#"STMNUL#+$`
')"J*)
XJ
MSJL 2-U
6
P)Z;< Kp!}dlJjlxehrl(KJvv>xK1y#vzz|}x}Jlwv ?xl
= zZ@RBJDBJxJIJ1JCBHMK SUTMNL +Xw.0-1#
2-
#!$`
')" Kehrpq::pq:tpoRl3v!?xKUy#vzzu>|
}x}JlJzvZfzfl
=/?u@RBB^0UGdwJB3RB+d1uK +.M".Vf)-1/.
0.M)u-5M87T
.
0.M)u-6
P)L# "Tx
P*!)
XJ
M
SJL#8hTd
.u
0.M)-):*20/5h6+)! "%6
P)Z;< Kce7gikjlJc#MlHcf:slJ+o<ndl(K KJy#vZz v|}d}Jl>{>u
> zl
=/v#@<BO8B+JGwd3K )#NU'xb .ML ud2-
#!_J' )
#b Kwq7rdp:r rfpq:77q:p:K3q7rdp:rJK+mp
jpq::p`vzzu>xl
=/ @Bw<BJGwK _J'<Sb;<;R
0
.ML[.f-/TU6
:); Kdq:pr7p#hsut/tvz ?dl
=/Z@&CBdGJGK 2
M
:
0.0$`
')"H*)
SNU
XH.0-J
Sb
M;< KcCndt/:f4rx+oR}xsrvZzz~l
=/>u@BRBUxG1%B8BxEK 2-1
V
P)"TL
M)
#b#)#NU'xb#.VL#J2-Z
!_J' )
#b K8cfso%dsq:p:
vzz>xl
=/Z@BJ<B(dE+JJB3<Bwwwd3K 8#NJ.M"2-
#.M)-):*R_w)C-J"_J'x
P#a.0;^- .M)-J$`-J
M)
M/5
/Tx
.MLa
M KdjlUp}dlJplKz~fK1y#vzzv|}x}JlJzu?dz l
=/~Z@RB+3G11G1HJGB8GdwK -J
P/.u ",)-/.0-J
+2-U
R6
:);%<SJ)/ " .0-d
'
XJ#!
wSJ\TU
:<w
#.V
W
.M)- Kpl1p}dlHc}xsp%lK ?dK Ky#vZz |}d}Jl vZzZ l
=/{Z@RB3G11G1HJG3K 2-
#!+6
P)Z;_J' )
#b K t:ppqc#pr7/U%ndft/:rx+o^}xsrKdgoR::pq7
xsovz {fl
=/ @RBw<BwHE31HRBCBHHdHK SJ)/T
0.M)-U+):*20/5768) "6
P)Z;< Kjdr/tp!srd`crdK
e7rdlJvz{{fl
=/zZ@BB3GJGEK 6.M
*0/.0-,Td;R
.ML#USJ)/T
0.M)-U):*Xw.4-J#
820/5768)!#"%6
:);< K1cfehgikjlJc#Ml
OoR}Jl(Kd>Cy#vZz |+}x}Jl3v~>uvZ{~l
~
+
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
O3
"!$#%'&(*)"+-,.&/#%,01+-23,4!5-6'87,4!$,4+-)39:2;:,4+99:!<=+9+->?,(&
!@,4A+-"6'*BC%,<+-2,4!5?6DE1!@
AF&G,4H&("!IF@1&39:2JF:KL#%,J&39MN"!@"!@,O"5
#%POFQ#%R7O"S#T:"U,.+-)=:2'V:,4+9=:1!9+=+->?,WF&;!@,4A+-"6XB$YZ:R[!I\!@,]O"^
:,4PKF96'4-,4BY_P!@,]O"^EP24+?,4A1+494H!"`1&\:"!@"7,4!@K,4:
3N5,_+-,(,4aG7P,.!
S2.+-,4A1+^OPb.H:R5,V96'45G:c!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4$!I16e*5"!B%fG"!@#%<LH:225&
Hg9:2V#Z,R)41!5P1@_,47K:Shcikjl5,S=6D4^J:2.+-,4A1+:,4PFBkY_:<FO",4&V!@,O"5
#%POF
^,%AJ&&3!@^&\P:%=6D4F-,4m,47:F:Z5"R+-":23Bg7::J5"+?":2
5,(,+1!@2JF:"n:G+=9:1!5-d.-,4$&(,(K:,3k:,.+P&$&S:8-5"!*4-,4o6$-2.]
:,p!@&3HO"
:%)1+=H:Z,.7::k,4Aq5O"?)K7?HO"-,4R#%T!@k!"r9:285,J6V996V-d*BY_Ps!@,O"5tPs+-,]O*+
9X-"%4FH!@S1&u:"!@"7,4!@c:*&ce&39MN"!@"]r3R,47_!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.Bmvw$gH:22F
Hg9:2R:m&6$&Vhx1H^>ym*#85,4S7,4!ZFP
!@,O"5*BzePK#J1r#%J"LH!@mF4k:
5"{#TPO/#ZSOF:,W,(RP8:,,.+-r;!@*24H+P1!^-d*&u42W19Fm:|:,4:>?HPb.H:":5c,47Z:
!@,4A+-"6X`3AH:J#%1+P,c6'1aWgH!@#%&(5O""&D9'OFe:,4+9=:1!x5"B
}S~(~ ~
~
=v#@&JBdGK SU;R))
'x.0-d`a
M3.M
' 3)
:
M#"[
:)
g 3p Jl+p}q: ?dl+p!}xl8u^c:slK
c:srMq:JKJy#vZz {|
= @8BJ K $.0-.0;<.
V.V)-):*RTd-JL
0.M)-C.0-d%XH. NJ!L#'x.V
(5)-J
(.0-Td)Td3.0
#!
36+
!
0.Ma
.05
0.0 K3s#/URjldi`s:JlKwv~KUy#vz~~|}x}Jlwv dfl
= Z@&RB++GwEH/3wGJ RBA<1fEHGHK 24/5768) "R6
P)Z;<C_J' )
#b&-J"R+NNJ/.ML
V.V)u-!
tn+pqgsdpo%<ndt/:fry#vZzz>|#l
= >u@B<B+14
9 GJCB+dGJG1K b
#.V8
"
b)C;^
(')"*)
%-1)-/.0-J
b!
MZ;<):*^#\TU
V.V)- K
ce7gikjlUc#MlJc:s7:lH+o^}xndl(KHvv<y#vZzz?|#K}d}Jl>?u> vl
= Z@HBBO1#GI3<B+BJGHxdGBJACB1#GIwK Y+L L c
; H2-
# .M)-JH 6
:L
0.ML
)
#.M
'x;&*)
-J
P
V.4-dS;^)u)
'$`)"/d*#
:); [ L
0
:);^-1u
0.MLwS1)Tx-J".4-da
M Kp!}d7K
KJy#vZz {|#K}d}l zZd??dl
= ~Z@<BHB+xIHHBB4d#GxGJ %BdxU/EwGd33K 2-J QL
,
M)-;^u
')" KHcfehgi jl
mndoRpqldgrxstMl(K3vZzRy#vz |#KU}x}Jl>??>? l
= {Z@<B+HBxIH<B dxU/EwGd33K 2-J QL
,Z
M)- )
.M
'x;%*)
<XJ
VfCSJL YNH
0.0;<.
V.V)- K
i`s:Jlq:q:soRo<rxdK ~fK1y#vz |}x}JlwvZzu? v l
= @&JBBwxJH0<BwB0UfEJHGIdK ,Tx;^
#.ML $&u
')"H*)
-JL )-!
0
:.0-J "RYNH
0.0;<.
0.M)--J"
,)-U/.0-J
+[+\TU
0.M)- lcfehgik/tsdp#t}4svzz~fl
= zZ@8BwJxK f)
.M
'x;<J*)
'
:hTx
.
V.V)-C):*.04/5:L )-J".M
0.M)-U#"
w!\T
PwNJ
:);% K+ehK
v{KJy#vZz{{|#K}d}lHv>uv!>l
=v?@8Bx3JxK ].'
M#"+6TU")57.0-
gJ-J
P/.u "+S.0-dTd
U/T-1"%3)-!
0
:.0-1#"XJ#!
SJ\TU
:+6
:);% Kd+e7K KJy#vz |O}d}JlJ> {d? l
=vv @8B3JdK )
.M
'x;%H*)
('C3);NJT
M
0.M)-&):*Tx-1Lu
0.M)-U"M-J "R)-
'SJ)/T
0.M)-&):*Ra.0 5
L
:
M.00/5N)! "ONJ
P)Z; Kd+e7KUu?dKJy#vzzu?|O}d}Jl>~~Z> l
=v @<B3DB31JBGJw3RB+dJIJGxJ3K 87Td
#.u
0.M)-):*2-
#!6
:);% tn+pqgsu
dpo%<ndft/:dpq:lvzz~fl
=v@BwABwxG.
1JEHGH18w^BDBJxJIJ1K 2-U
#.V)-C):*
0.0;^%");^.0-#L
0
:);^-J
0.0L"
M
*)
%')
.)-J
M0/bb
P#"%[8
!
(' p}lJjlde7rlKUy#vzz|#KHvv!>xK}d}Jl>Zh>> l
=v>@B+BA/JDBUJGxB<B8DJ41EHwK 6
:L
0.ML +YNH
0.0;<.
0.M)- mp +q:`gsxp!o%
q:p:lwvZz v
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
0
4
4
20
40
0
2
60
Y (meters)
Y (meters)
20
40
60
4
80
80
6
100
100
0
50
X (meters)
Inversion with 5% noise
100
50
X (meters)
100
20
4
20
40
0
2
60
Y (meters)
Y (meters)
0
40
60
4
80
100
0
50
X (meters)
100
80
8
100
0
50
X (meters)
100
wndq:p~l3p:nft:Jrxrft/rdpsqq:sh%rpq:7rMq3rdu:ptpp tv" srd`v?*Cl3xpq:ppq:p
:}q:s}x!srp%!oR}dsq:pO::dpR:q:nxp^:}q:sd}u:dp9r:p!q7MspC:dr`r:}}xsrxp#tr
wndq:p<>xl
>
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
Regularization Parameter
1.8
x 10
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
3
4
Misfit vs Iteration
number
3
4
Model Norm vs Iteration
number
10
0
10
||F[m]b||/||b||
10
10
40
||Wm||
30
20
Iteration Number
wnxq:pl
ssVnxrd7r
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
The model
(m)
8
6
20
Meters
4
40
2
0
60
2
80
4
6
100
0
50
Meters
100
mGal
The Data
Meters
1.5
20
40
0.5
60
80
0.5
1
100
0
50
Meters
100
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
3sftp^
Mqp:7o^s7rd:xpCrdu:p`:xpCq7Rxsrx
3 soR}tp`+mndoRpq7stp }p!q7oRpr:C+:
7dp+:dq7`q:pnftsq7s7rsrx%ld+tnxoRrv:x+:dp}p!q:pr:spurx:psdxpC:<:xp
ds:sdl%dp%p!:7oRs:prx:py7rdq:o^sut/pS
* |+srx:drrutndoRr
KHsq:pp+p#t/t+::xp
:q:ndprx:prRtnxo^rl dprd:p:xpp }Up:pRstnxpsrd%+rndoRpq7st/tp!ustnxs:pC%!oR}dnx7rd
:dpsupq:sp%pqu?Cq:psut/!s7rdl
m:p_Hpp#t
v5
"
v!?*
vZ"
?*
<y @ |
v" ?(+
v!?1
v" z3+
v!?1
>1 z3+
v!?
z {3+
v!?1
v" >(+v!?1
v" z3+
v!?
3sftp<>
3 soR}tp<89mndoRpq7st3p }p!q7oRpr:+::xprxrft/rdpsqrpq:7r`stq7:xoldp}p!q:pr:sp
rdu:pRsxdp:R:dp%ds:sRpr`r`tnxoRrvl8xp<oRsrf:nddpRu:dp%p!:7oRs:prdu:pKJ:drr
!utndoRr
Kdsq:p!p+p t/t3+::dpoRsrf:nddpRu:dp:q:nxprdu:pr`tnxoRrfl
m:p%ehrs:s
v5
"
v?I
v@
?I
R= @*|^ 5 @ 1 5
z >(+
v!?14
z*/+v?1
v4+
v!? 4
?W+v?
?(+
v!? 4
> +v?
v!?14
>(+
>W+v?1
v" >(+v!?
v@ >W+v?
v" z3+
v!?
v@/ z+v?
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
#%V#Z,.H+P&X1+PF,':*&/F:$!@O:*S&("!5?)4?),47G:$,."!I4^,4!B;CZr/&39MN"!@"]FP49:2
b.H4-,.0BR#%-V!@gO"m^,S#%2*
^
e'
o uLN^:
LB(
R{ L Ru L | uLN^:^L X
g,4!I&("!$5,u"("!5=6n"R#%-Pcre,47J!@,.A+-"6#%n35gH6e$.|3k
24!*)3-r'&4@e!@c6nLH!@&;,4X:$gH!57O"BSY_:V&4@e1!@Rb.H1+9+-r;24!5P&&(&09X:
95"!@)41+ 4^ 416e*5"!I*BtvXm5LH6n_4K:%!""7P"!@"O"T:"-24
P LN^:
x6n*^"!I=$b4H.-,4nB:BYZ:%6n,&("+L`4uLt5E@`1pd*"!@,6e1$1A,.H:kP_gH!57O"B
Yt,S*)+9H45:&.@`(:G95*24!I+tBcP%O*1+PO^H+P4^&oHg9:2S:G6VP&3,49K!5H+-B_Y_:
3%V5b.H1!@$&(,46'19;P&3-)3P&(&;95,eWsKWV24!5P&D,49@*BSY_:R6e,&("+p1&:
&4"S1!@G+-,355&|9'
-24H!@EB
]oGWS@@.Nk^]*"?|?
4HFT3
9uO"-,4e`:8(H6n"!5O*1+:"W"!596e"]"k1!@TAH9+-K7?!@,46#Z,\1!@@B
:8[!Ip1!@_#Z&("6e,4!I.5%:xA9+9-r,47F:hcikj<`1=Dx!@!5O"5&SgHAg3O"`5,
&39MN"!@"P.5JA*#Z*"u!I&(,46:,4PF<1&D::,4+=9:1!m5"!^6D*Bpu:<FO",4&D1!@
#%Jg:,4#4
,4H!K6e*:,]&\PKA+-%5,m,.A:@19$86e,]&("+#%POFR6$9=6$-d*s:%,4A]q^O"-)
7?HO"-,40&V[:@%F:&4@c5,S:G!^-24Z"5"B
O"S42W9`(#ZRO*1+PO^H+P.5:<F"g--)3-?k#T-'!"gO"G5,S:c9?P1+6e,]&("+LB
g9:2:FTF"g--)3-?N#%JO*1!5!@rc,4H:K,4:_-5"!*4-,4S1&R,4+-)3TBBYZ:Z"("!^96n"
P8!""45&u1&OX=6n:S&4"` `EPGO",4]"16$=45&V#%-Fwe&3=Ms"!""]16e,4H]
,47K:,.PBG:,4!OFu:,4Pc+-*)"+K#%<O*1!^!5-&e,.H:xo!"1+9-d4F-,4*B_g3Ou!@1+=-d4-,.
:*#!I1&(,46"!5!",4!IG1!@S5g?24:&;5,e:$&4"$1&:R!@,O"5G,47%96'49:2o4
:,4GP_!@"45&BkYZ:!@gH+?@_,47pF,46nG,47K:"("!5=6n"J1!@G90Y
1A+-B
Y_:8"W"!596e"]@
&("6e,4!I.5k:G1A9+9-rG,47]r3A!5P&\!@*2.H+P1!5-d.-,4R#%-ehi_j
5,R&39MN"!@"P45TA*#%*"n:O",4!5!""+P45&c:,.+99:1!%5"!56'k1&o:8!I1&(,46:,4PBt
O*V#%R1)R7,4H&w4:o]r3A!5P&0!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.#T-hcikjP"!@"6e"+-r
O^+-,(5,S:F!5H:G:,4PG+?*)"+LB
g:'O",4&/"("!5=6n"R#ZV*)+9H45V:e#%:,4+?S!@,O"5cArw9])3"!@9:2;:
&4"{175"!n3&&39:2Q&3=Ms"!""]o+-*)"+P|,47:,4PBlY_:e!"gH+-@o,47:;"W"!596e"]$!@
gH6V6'1!5-d*&9Y
1A+-;Q&#%u42W19O",.O^+9H&(u4;hikjV#%,4!5aW&/#%"+9+89
F96D.9:2F:!5H:G:,4PFG+-*)"+LB
g{
-24H!@RV#%+?,mF:!"*24H+P1!5?d4-,4;1!I16e*5"!J%`:R6VPg[:<9 e 9
1&w:V6e,]&("+_:,4!569 {=Re7?HO"-,.Q,47J:V?5"!I4?,4uWH6SA"!B;vXnF*e4
:G!"*24H+P1!5?d4-,4o1!I16e*5"!mb4HOa(+-r$"1A9+9-d*_5,|-@p[1+)41+9H:#%POFe+-&T5,S
!@*2.H+P1!Rhx1H5F>ym*#J^,4O",4)"!@23"O"!I4^Bm
=1+9+-ro90
?24H!@<o#%+-,3m:c!@LH+-@
,47K:G9)"!IL-,4V7P,4!8:,4PG+-*)3"+P_,47Z( "1&;]$B
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
O",]&(7P,4!'F:u"W"!596e"]@VO*1Aw,4A:@19:&!",4H:241:,4r6e,4H|7PF.'9
W
B
xI@?4 <"!$#_%'&*9*
( gH!57O"R24!I1)?Lr'LH!@)*reO*1!5!5-&;,4H:c5,V6egH!@c:$1:,46'1+-,.H%24!I1)3-@4>
-,4+O*O""+?"!I4-,.<=|F:Z)3"!@PO*1+:&39!@O"F-,4BN!@,46 yG*#J5,4)+P1##%_aW:,4#.:
24!I1)3-@4?,41+:O*O""+-"!I4F-,4n4_+-,O*4?,4'L *L5 *5@(
,4nF:xgH!^7 O"G,47F:m1!"D&3H:^,
c6'5%1:,46'1+-rS&("g-r,` +.-`4_,(g--,.XLN^0 /(9gP&(F:1!@FeP*
+2-ELN^0/(
+ *
+ L1*5*L@]
/
LB
LR/1* w*L /
#%:"!@
:J24!I1)3-@4F-,41+]O",.@1k1& G
/ K:J)3,4+9H6ek,47N4
6'5B
!@**>&3 96e"g-,.*`F:Z1:,46'1+-,.H(6'5NO*1c A% 1]r( #%:"!@p9<F:K!@*24?,44'
3 Bs5*24!I.5>
U
LoX * Ru * / {
L8PT,W5L9A+-^,$,4+-)3G7P,4$
! +2-eGR+9=:1!J9)"!IG!",4A+-"6 :,#%*)"!4`(7P,.!\,.6n
g-H.-,4e&39MN"!@"G7,4!56SH+P.-,4eP86e,4!@RgH-@A+-B ( ^gH6nc:,4# F4:S1!"
c#Z,D+P1r"!IG#%?{a(:,4#%&("g--c1&w:n&("L-r{O",4!I\A*#%*"QF:"6
+2-BmY_:\[!I8+P1r"!JGR6e1X&(":0,47 LN^:_#%POF'PG5gH6e&V5,oAca(:,#TB
iK1:2<9QF:e24!I1)?@4-,.1+[:"+&{1!"'&3H:e5,XO1:23=Q:'&(":F,47m:V[!IF
+P1r"!k!""+P4-)3J5, `#%POFVPK24?)"$ArS:87?HO"-,4euLN^:"B ( 5gH6V9:4
2 +2W`(#%
O*10#T!5-5
^
SX Ru / {
5
5*24!I.9:2R:"(!@5L-,4'#%-F$!@LO"G5C
, /S24?)*
e'
^
50D
9ED
LB(
LB
#%:"!@
1&
50 D LoX <u Q
LoX <u | u
9E
D
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
vZz
F]HGt@?I.JLK'&@MCNu"!M4?"!O4E ?"4QP5,R4*"@4
6e*:,&<3t9S:m&16V&ohxH5>yG*#J5,4R6e*:,]&c5,O*+PO^H+P45%^"<+?":2S#%POF
"gH!":c!@&3HO"?,4X,47Z:c:,4+=9:1!7?HO"-,4BRY_:S1+-2,.!5-6 O*0A$gH6V6D.>
!5?d*&e_7,4+9+-,4#m*
f U
?
~ n$o Hm ~ q
gih kj OljK m ^
p
n%rD~tsCu wv 1~ u8x N
i :,(,We9-P+6e,&("+s6y4B%iZ+PO^H+P45G:\6$PL[:{z| 9 6y@E 9 B
K
E,4!~}
W ""
WBTiZ1+PO^H+P.5$_
6
a3Z1& 6
a"B
/ 6
a(C
a
a _
6
a(6
a
BT,4+-) _
6
b * :,&V1&e:Rhcikj O^!5-5"!5?,4$7,4!% a B
Hg=:2S:GrA!5&o7c6n
BTiZ1+PO^H+P.5mF:G"!@H!^A4-,4
d1
a u6
C
aW`:G:*# 6VPg[:
c
7
b
z|0
9 X C
a L9 `:1&V:\:*#6n,&("+:,4!5
6 z ?
9 C 9
WB a 7cb
:Bz75 z| c az 9 <7Vb<z| c az 9 `:*86
a 7cb a 9 2,o5,V
7cb6a
BK+P"=7F z|0 Vaz 9 wz| caz 9 `:F*JC a
d1 2,o5,SB
c
7
b
Bz7kO^!5-5"!5?,4DB\P_7?H+9[+9+-&`^"!56$=45J:G!",]O"5B
gQ:o96V+-"6e"]@.?,40,47JG!@,O"5c#%$O:,(
e1&XF:n^,49:2
O^!5?5"!5-,4V90B#Jd 41B
Hm
~Os n$$xt~ u*~ ~e
j
~
v
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
J!^PO"9:2S^,<F:$`G!@r3+-,4)$gHAg3O"#%O*1'#%!5?5
_
7Vb ,
N*O/
X`1&n6SH+-9+?r9:2GA,0g&(%,47K:1A,4)b.H4?,4eA]r #%2*
:
7cb
/
%X(B(
b b b
#%:"!@ b W" ""4 BmY_:c6'4!59 PTHgH1+=+-rS=+9+->O",4&3-F-,4:&oAO*H$,46e,47
-@Gg9:24H+1 !m)+9H:1 !@\WH6e"!5PO*1+=+-rnO^+?,W^,$d*"!@,EB%/PGO*,.:|O*:,xL96$+?r
9)"!@%:86D4F!59N`1&eF,46nT!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.<
:*&(&B ) N1!@re1&D496V6n,4 4
gH:22F5&wHg9:2u:e!^HO*45&g9:2.H+P1!<)41+9H:'&(O",46V,(g--,.` 4`
5,X,4+?)X(B`
:,4#Z*)3"!TY_9a(:,4:,4)c!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4$O",4H+P&|AGH&V_#%"+9+LBYZ:x,.+9H:-,4oPK24?)"$Ar
uTK_
b b
% X(B
:
ym,35R4:crA!5&X,4+9H:F-,4&(""&c,4X:SgO"$g?d*|3G#Z"+=+ZG:c!@*24H+P!@>
-d4?,4e1!I16e*5"!Btg7k#Z#J1%5,R6'1aWGP_!"*24H+P1!5?d4-,4'O^+-,WF5,S:Y_=aW:,4:,4)
!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4$:"u#ZG1)G5,S"LH!@.T+9+N,47zF:)O"5,4!I%^,]O^45&o#%-0g?2>
9[O*1xL9:24H+P1!G)1+9H:T1)O",4)"!@2&BJYZP%!"b4H9!"%4G:<&(O",.6$,Wg-?,4$
O",49(H:&V+-,4:2o":,4H:24F,$,4+?rng6'1+9+Ng9:24H+1!m)+9H:m!@,4A:"19:&V#%-F0gHO*O"g-)
-5"!I.-,4*B
Y_PKO*1oAm&(,4:TA]r\:,9:2.K:%AP&3P.2,41+(6D.!59 O",4@1=1
1!@,1(96D.-,4$^,S:<L9:24H+P1!G)1+9H:T,47k:r5"6 gBkYN,o"gH!@R4J#%O*1:>
H!@R,46em,47K:g6'1+9+g=:24H+P1!J)+9H:J#%O*1!^!@r$,.H:J:RQ
j ,47K:g6'1+9+g1!*
6D.!59 B%vX<O",49(H:F:<&(O",46V,WL--,4VH9+:\6D.!59
T g9:24H+P!
)1+=H:#%POF{1!@$L6D1+=+-"!m1eg6D+9+N(H6SA"!4d(BSY_:R(H6SA"!4dRPOF:b,W"gHO
48-%PT!IO"FPO*1+9+-rVd*"!@,eO*O",4!I&3=:2$5,V#%,4!5a(9:2R!@O^g-,4B_gFPJ#%,4!^an#%<OF:,W
d
B ( 75"!ZF:T&(O",.6$,Wg-?,4tA*"n,.A:@19:&\-
PtHF&c9Sb4H.-,46
XWB^,
O*1 +PO^H+P.5:<F,4+9H:-,.B
;6n,WFTO*3%#%7,4H&eF4%:!@LH+-@%#%"!@5.Pg7O"5,4!"r
97:VWH6oA"!$,471+96e,Wcd*"!@,{g=:24H+P1!S)+9H:cPc!",4H:24+-rR (,47:e5,3@1+
WH6oA"!m,47kg9:2.H+P1!J)1+=H:%,47 B
u,4!I&("!J5,$,.+-)XWBR#%G:*&e5,SOF:,W,WFc!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4S1!I6n*5"!_ZB%49O"
:o!@,4A+-"6 GA*"{!@&3HO"&/^,01i
T>&396e"g-,.1+ZgO"S#T:"!@SHLH1+9+-^
r Ti/`
-oPR,W5g=A+-'5,wHu:whikj !@,O"&3H!@;9PVgO"B Y_:;H',.7:/hikj
,4:V!@,3@45&!@,4A+-"6 P%qFH9[:&L9O"e:uhi_jP\:,$"L--)o5,X,4!@F:,2,>
1+ZF!I1g7,4!56'49,4 44BSY_:"!@"7,4!@o#ZSOF:,W,($V!"*24H+P1!5?d4-,4e!I16e*5"!x#TPO
6$=96$?d**
9 % b b 9
TKk
% X(B(
t
b -
Y_:G*)1+9H.-,4e,47N:chikj7?HO"-,4V9ePkO*3Jk)3"!@rSO:1'1&o:86$9=6$-d.>
-,40O*eA<O*!5!5-&V,4H:8g9+-rB
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
mm
u
3? ~
~e
vZ{
j
~
,V71!#%c)3|&35O^H5&XYZ9aW:,.:,)(>r3+-G!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4'7,4!G:,4+99:1!!",4A:>
+-"6'#TPO/P\A&/,.Q:'A9+9-ru5,'F96'45$D!@*24H+1!5-d4F-,4u1!I16e*5"!S1&
9)"!@8:!@*2.H+P1!5-d*&D!@OF:*&("!5-).-)*B%fG,4#%*)"!m:\9])3"!Ig-,4',.7k:!@*2.H+P1!@>
-d*&D!@OF:*&("!5-).-)TPJO",46VH:@4F-,41+9+?rAH!*&(",46e7,4!m+1!@25O*+-G!@,4A+-"6'
1&eL:,4H+P&oA1),.P&(&B
ym,FPO^9:2R4J4%OFe-5"!I.-,4$#%G1)G5,c!@*24H+P!5-d*G:
+9=:1!5-d*&;r]F5"6 B`E#ZcH!5u5,$,3:"!m,W5g=A+-c!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.$6e*:,&*B :S,.7
:\6n,(m@A+-G6n*F:,]&_7,4!G+P1!@235O*1+-\!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.$PZ]r3A!5P&DLr3\!@*24H+P!5-d4>
?,4` ` W` ` `4gBvwG:,#!@*)?*#FP_6e*:,]&B
FJQK'&*"MZ I4(94@"1?.Nu"!M4
fGrA!^P&o!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4$J$O",.6SA94?,4$,47K#Z,c!@*2.H+P1!5-d.-,4V6n*F:,]&*`EgHA:>
g 3O"!@*24H+1!5-d4F-,4n1&;Y_9a(:,4:,4)R!@*24H+1!5-d4F-,4Bg0:G[!*m@.2:G!@,4A+?"6
PT!@&3HO"&u^,nVg6'1+9+1&;!IO""1A+-<LHAgO"`N1&;:"{Y_9a(:,4:,4)o!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.
P\H&9g&($.<gHAg3O"BuPRgHAFO"-,4#%$5gH6eS.<F:$#%"-249:2
BXY_<35gH6V:-,4uPc2":"!5O$g=O"e:nO*3e,47x1!^A-!I1!"
6'4!5=e
r O*1
L* 4`K(`K `_`K` "B ( 2":"!*1+krA!^P&
AS!@&3HO"&/ ^,':$O*3
1!",WOF0,4+-)_:\!@,4A+-"6X
6STcS6S / z
9_ 9 T= {9
%XWB
Y [ Z
k \
Y_:"!"x1!"%6D]rc,(5g9A+-8#T1rK5,RO:,(,WG:gHAgO"2 ` 3 ` `W(gB
#%,4!5au#ZVO",4gP&("!R:$O*o42
]S% _ [ T
k#%POFXP\:C`G!@r3+-,4)0g3O"`
.%P*`
_ *%_ _
%_ 8"9*[_ _
b _
g,.!I&("!5,V,4A:@19u:SgHAgO"S&(O",46V,(g--,.0#%H2O"d*,W8AP&3P423,41+->
-d.-,4S!",]O"&3H!@ `4gB ( 75"!{T;-5"!*4-,4
,.7sF:JAP&342,41+=-d4-,.!@,O"5*`(#%
1)c!@P1+N&(O",46V,Wg?-,4
%XWB
$
7Vb ,
#%:"!"
#%-F @9*3
b ` : 1& P_1uT 1T
7cb 7Vb
c
7
b
6'4!5=
"
b
"
b
"
"
"
"
"
"
""
_
vZ~
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
Conductivity (S/m)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Conductivity (S/m)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Depth (meters
Regularization Parameter
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
vZ
0.05
0.045
0.04
0.035
0.03
||F[m]b||/||b||
10
10
10
4
5
6
Model Norm vs iteration number
||Wm||
0.5
0
wndq:p
4
5
Iteration Number
v!>
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
The MT Data
MT Response (meters)
10
10
10
10
3
10
10
10
10
Piriod (Sec)
10
10
10
Conductivity (S/m)
10
10
10
Period (Sec)
10
10
10
10
Depth (meters)
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
vZ
3stpRv
Mq<p:7oRs7rx:dprdu:}xsq::Ru:dpq7
soR}tp`rdp<mndoRpq7!sutp }pq7o^pr:CO:
xsrxC7dpw:dp+t/rxp!sq7p`pWnxs7rJl+utndoRr`v:x:xp}pq:pr:spuJrdu:psxdpC::xpds:sdl
xpCp:7oRs:prx:p`y7rdq:oRst/p$
|srd:drrutndoRr
Ksq:pp<+p#t/t+::dp:q:ndp
rx:prCutndoRr`l xp!rx:p:xpp }p:p!stnxpsrxR+rndoRpq7st/t`psutnds:pRoR}xnd7rd:dp
spq:sp%p!q?Rq:pst/s7rxl
mu:pKHpp#t
vF
@
v!?*
vZ"
?*
<y @ 1 L5 |
z ?(+
v? 4
v" +
v? 4
>1 >(+
v?4
v? 4
+
v" 3+v?
v" {3+
v?
3stp
soR}tpRrdpmndoRpq7stp }pq7o^pr:+::dprdrt/rxpsqrpq:7rstq7:xoldp}pq:p!r:sp
rx:pRsddp`:C:xp<xs:sRuprrutndoRrvl+dp%o^sr:ndxpR:xp<p:7oRs:prx:pKJ:xrr
tnxoRr Ksq:pp+p#t/tH+:`:xpo^sr:ndxpR:xp:q:ndprdu:pr`utndoRrfl
mu:p<e7rs:s
v5
"
v?*
v"
?*
R= @S5 1 ^ " 5
{* ?W+
v?4
{*/+v?1
v@/ z+
v?4
v@/ {+v?1
>/ ~+
v? 4
> +v?
{*/ +
v? 4
{*( v+v?
v@ +v?
v@ +v?
v@/ ~+
v?
v@/ +v?1
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
vv
Y_:o(H6n"!5O*1+z"("!^96n"@c1!@RAH9+?7?!@,46 #%,V1!@"*Bo:R[!*1!"#%
(& "6e,4!*45F:$1A9+9?Lre,.7Z:ehcikj5,'&39MN"!@"P4^A*#%*"X!I&(,46:,4PV1&
:D:,4+99:!$5"!56'*Bw:0O",.&/1!@o#Z'L:,#4S,4H!o6n*:,&PS1A+-;5,
,4A:"19e6e,&("+Z4c6V996V-d*8:e,4A]q^O"-)|7-HO"?,4U&w[:@c:'&4@D5,u:
!5?24]%"5"B
Yt,X=])F-2W4^$:u1A9+9?Lrw7,4!$:/hi_j O^!5?5"!5-,45,XF96D.5$F:'!*1&(,46
:,4G9e:G:,4+99:!Z!",4A+-"6#%O*1!5!@rS,.H:ZF:G7P,4+=+-,4#%9:211+?r]gkF4%"6SH+P45
#%.JPG&(,4:S4G:[!*J?5"!I4?,4e9F,4+-)39:2S:c:,4+9=:1!m=])"!*!@,.A+-"6
B t*
:R@1!"9:2c6n,&("+6
yGA<b.H1+^,S:!""7P"!@"O"c6e,]&("+_
W .
u@B_Y_P
P8gHA@1P+9+-rS&39MN"!@"k7?!@,46:c!5H:G6e,]&("+9'
?24H!@cWB
vX :"mO*1+PO^H+45G:
"L--)3--%4%:G6e,&("+6
yx&',4+?)
_g6
X 6
y4
y* _6
y4g6
y
LB(
b
6
y
v!?
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
oL]
Y_:$XY&4@`(6n3gH!@&V4J:gH!^7 O",.7z:!@01!@
S /
y1 /(5
LB(
oW /
#%POF0O",4?H:5%:G7,4!@#J1!*&R6e,]&("+=+99:2 W4
W/
b
T W} } /
} } W / T W }
Z
""
LB
#%:"!@
}
5 S^ y8
1&eF:G7P,4!"#T!I&R6e,&("+9+99:2c,47zF:OY!@,4A+-"6 ^,
e ^| e
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
6a 7cb S6a
v 1~ u u*~
j
~
Y_:R,4:V&396n"L-,41+N6'424:*^,5"+9+9H!^POUYxk!@,.A+-"6PV#%"+9+->FH&3-&D:,4:>
+9=:1!%9])3"!I8!@,4A+-"6=n"+-O"F!@,46'424:*PO*`L*87,4!J"16V+- XW`((`W(`3k1&
:"!""7P,4!"J-pPK)3"!@rSgH-@1A+?m%5Fk":16$+?Bvw%[!I_!@,4)3P&(J:86D.:"6D.PO*1+
&(5O^!^9:-,4',.7z:G!",4A+-"6 1&D:"'!",]O"*&D5,S:G(H6n"!^PO*1+N"W"!596e"]"*BKY_:
6'4+PAwO",&(o7P,4!S:F$"("!5=6n"@O*{A$,4A:"19:&w!@,4H:241:,4r36n,4H874
9u
W
B
O
Hm
~6?$xt~H ~1n : ~ 1
d1
***"?4 "!2#k%'&
vXJ"1!@K#%-F<:mb.Hg?>@4OX1#Z"+=+W)b.H4-,.t9S:%7?!@b4H:"O"rS&(,46'19
S y
LB
$"@3
L ;@(
1&;.L
W /]@`#%<O*1X@aW:RO^H!5+K,47k:c[!IGb4H.-,4;9B<1&;2*G:
2,4)"!^9:2Rb4 H4F-,4
LB
/ S y
W /]W
Y_:\A,4H&!@rnO",.&3--,481!@
o%
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
Y :R6V996SH6,47%:Vikj7-HO"F-,4X#%-;!@gO"5,V!@"!""]"G:c7,4!x#TPO
_
:&4@\!@&3O"5&V#%,4H+P&VO1:23:J+?_97#%G,46$?k,4:&4@\,.9]1BzYZ:Rikj 3
-%P%&("[:&u1A,)3GP_:,%)"!@ro!IO"FPO*1+N5,$O",46VH:5BN*
z
9 _ 9 J9 {9
EB(
k
EB
5J
' b
#%:"!@
Pc:6TcT5"!56 ,47 k
_[_ _
b _
1& k Pc:
1
_5
B
v9+-F:Shi_jlmo2,(,]&D:*,4!@*FPO*1+NAOFa24!@,4H&`-8PJ,.7P5";1!I&D5,nO*+->
O^H+P45T9$!*O"PO"mL9O"J:O*1+PO^H+P.-,4S,47 PkO",46VH:@4F-,41+9+?r"W"g-)B ( :*#
1!@,W3OVA]r;hm,.+9HAD&SjK,4
X4^ .6'1aWKF:xO",46VH:@4F-,4S+-^K=]5"L-)m1&
7P3g9A+-G7,4!J+P!@25O*1+-,4)"!I&(*^"!56$=:&R!@,.A+-"6DBNvXc#%9+9+HSL96$=+P1!T!@,WOF
9XO"-,.
XWB
O3
g ~
u8x
#%:"!@wg6
aW_6
a45Po&("[:&=b4H4F-,4 Bu1&QV aDPS&("[:&UA]r/:whikj
6n*F:,]&*BKY_:"!""7P,4!"J,4H!m1+-2,.!5-6 g:,4H+P&VO",4)"!@2T97N#Z@!@kO^+-,W8":,4H:24e5,-"
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
; A ; A
s a a
S
t"" w
LB(
zt a q
Y_:G6'q^,4!KP&(c,47K:chikjP_4%#%&(,R:,%#J1]%,4H!mO",46VH:5&|6n,&("+N5,
A$"g-F-)^,$:R"+9=6$9.-,4e,47k,4:S&4@|,.9]1BxYZP86nJ.m,4H!,4+=H:-,4
g:,.H+P&\!@&3PO"kG&4H6l7 1=!5+-r#%"+9+*)"R97:4K&4H6lPt:,tH&c#%:"$O*1+PO^H+P.9:2
:c6e,]&("+B%X,4!*&("!x5,e&(,V4G#Zc9!@,&3HO"F:7,4+9+?,#T9:2c:,@4?,4
B N* k
A:G6V996V-d*"!Z,.7
z
9 _ 9 / T9 {9
:B
G u : u p
7
k
_ k
:B
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
:BK8s&4^Hg9:2S^"'+-":2F0!I4^*2rB
B%iK:OFaV7P,4!O",4])3"!@2"O"1&D2,R5,eWB
Y_:"!@$!@R!@*c96V,4!@"1]T,49@89X1+-2,4!^-648:*&X"(+P14F-,4B
:$,.7Z:R6e,W896V,4!"@1%P8:,4# 5,VPOFa{o!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.'1!I6n*5"!cL@423
AH:k#%J&("+P1rtH]=+::_:"]%O"-,4BtvXm1+,J:*&o5,G"W+19R:,4#5,G6DaWk:
Hs&4^eL@.2J1&;:,4#l5,'OF:Oa;7P,4!O",4)"!@2"O"DL@423<(@B\vXc[!IO",4gP&("!
:HN&49:2EB
( R:} 5 -5"!I4F-,4{#%o)3VVaW^6
a'1&wb4H4F-,4 B(O*1A'F,4+-)&7P,.!
a 7cb B ( O*O"":@1O"c,476
6
a 7cb ,4!J:G"!"H!5A4?,4 d1
a 7cb u6
6
a3z#T:"0c[]&
#%9+-.J:RW} 5 -5"!I4F-,4
56a V7 b Va 7Vb = g6a 7cb u W *9 9 6a 7cb : 9
49O"S:R24+?,4A1+K,4A]q^O"-)\7-HO"?,4izuPOF1:24=:2n43Ou-5"!*4-,4`E:S&("6'1&
,47k&(O^!@g9:2V:)41+9H:,.7z:c,4A]q^O"-)87?HO"-,4;P_:,%!",41A+?BKvXF:"!@"7P,.!@
!@"+PO"\-%#%-e:RO",4gP^"]J&("6'1&
ztVa
7cb
zt a
7cb
LB
,4!J6e,4!@gO^=[O*1+9+-r
Va c7 b 9 6a 7cb % W I9 9 6a 7cb 9 /Va 7cb 9 6aW% I9 9 6a1 9
LB(
Y_(HK*)"!@rS^"S9S:m1+?2,4!5-F6P_1+P,Gb.H-)1+?"]_5,,4:*>F5"n&(5O""K7?!@,46 :
6n,&("+6
aS^,S6
a 7cb #%-Fe!@*24H+P1!^-d4-,.$1!*16n*^"!JV a 7cb BmY_PTP_=6$,4!@@1_97k#%
#J1]%,4H!1+-2,4!^-65,cARO",4gP^"]%#%-F':,4A]q^O"-)_,47K:G6V996V-d49,4B
Y_:JO",4&c=6$,4!@@1E,4=]
Pt:JO",4)"!@2"O"\L@423Z(@Bt:,4!K*)"!@r\-5"!I.-,4
}c#Z_:*&R^,GaW:,4#/#%:*:"!Z^,x^,4S:_!@,]O"^
,4!k5,O",4]F9WH:B_49O"%:%,4Aq5O"?)
7-HO"F-,4RP
O1:2.9:2:`1:Jb4H:F-,4N#%.zO^!5?5"!5-,4<L:,4H+P&c#%k@1a($Y_:J1#%"!
42W1=|2.-)"SArSO",4gP^"O"rBNg7NOo-5"!I4F-,4RPK&6$&Vhx1H^>ym*#85,4R-5"!I.-,4
#%-{&39MN"!@"G1!I6n*5"!8V aS:"/,4H!<O",4)"!@2"O"$O^!^-5"!5-,.'PG:S56nR87P,.!<
&16V&;hxH5>yG*#J5,401+?2,4!5-F6cB N*1
LB
a Va? 6aGu W _
6a( L 6a1:
A;:e24!I&3?"]R,47mF:} 5 7-HO"?,41+LB ( g=6$+-o#T1rX^,0^$O",4)"!@2"O"V^,
&("6D&S.x9 Wa 9m
BKY_PpP
:,3Z3g9+-rc96V+-"6e"]5&\AO*1H5O*1+=9:2P_\7 O"^,4!B
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
7cb
wztZ^6a4
r
~
v ~1u8x N
cg ~ . 1 U
jK ~ s u8xu8xt~eo
Hm
~ p
1
n%re~1sCu
>
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
# :"!@cgXd1u
%
Wd1 @Bcv?0:V5gH6V:-,4'F4cXd1uKg6D+9+L`
+99:1!^-d4-,.nr3-"+P&_:ohx1H5F>ym*#J^,4nb.H4?,4
d1X
W _gu L e _
uWd1
B
J1!5!*1:249:2S^"!56Dz9'PTb4H4F-,4'24-)3Z<+99:1!mr5"6 ,.7zb.H4-,.K7,4~
! d1XB
Y_:_6$=96$?d4-,1!@,4A+?"6 PF,4+-)&\-5"!*4-)"+?rB ( K:<} 5 -5"!*4-,4#%J,4+?)
% _
6
a _
6
a(
W d1
_
6
a( V 6
a*R
g6
azo
W e B(
5,R[&;:G"!@H!5A4F-,4e
d1XB%,.+-)=:2 Bc_P&("PO*1+^,$,4+-)39:2R:\+-m^b4H1!"
!@,4A+-"6
_g6
X 6
aW
a4
B(
d1
a X W ?
( k3OV-5"!I.-,4S#%%1)1$,4:?,4$,47zF,4+-)39:2&39!@O"+?r7,4!J"!@H!5A.-,4$,.!
,4+-)39:2o7P,.!\1uHN&45&D6n,&("+LBYt,S7,4!56SH+45:c+P4^5"!m,4:?,40#%R#%!5-^ a 7cb
6a d&'gHAF-H:5895,Rb4H4F-,4 Bc5,o,4A:@19
%_
6a( _6a3 g6a 7cb _
6a( $ 6a1 _6a36aR W
B X
Y_:<O",.!5!@g,4&39:2R+9=:1!mr]F5"6P
_6
X 6a4 _g6a6a
a(
B(
a 7cb
ym,354Jb.H4?,4 BcP_b.H-)1+?"]J^,$,4+-)39:2R:G+9=:1!mr]F5"6
_
6
a(6
a 7Vb X 6
a _6
a36
a a36
a
B(
Hg9:2eY_9a(:,4:,4)S!"*24H+P1!5?d4-,4e#%-F
m|#Z"?24]F9:2R6'4!59$1&D
m<!@"7P>
"!@"O"R6e,]&("+BmY_:"!@"7,4!@`N.mOF'?5"!I4?,4':c:*#lHs&4^<6a 7cb 6$9W= 6$-d*_:
+99:1!^-d*&eY_9a(:,4:,4)R7?HO"-,4
*
z
= a _
a 5 a 7Vb ' a 9 T9 a 7cb e W I9 z | *
z 9
B(
xL9:2:1A,)3%7P,.!56SH+P4F,.`#%mO*1',4+?)_7P,4!%"-:"!%:J"!@H!5A.-,4
d1,.!
7P,.!x:c6e,]&("+K6
a 7Vb 1&n!@,O"*&u5,V:c:"]8-5"!I.-,4BT7Z#%R@1!@87?!@,46 o,49
#%POFSP_O^+-,WJ":,.H:24$5,:,4+=H:-,4`1:86n*:,&RO",4)"!@2*BsV6n,(23*,4]rgPO*+
!@,4A+-"6's:,#%*)"!4`#%J&(,G:,K@1!@
)"!@rO^+?,W%5,G:J,4+9H:?,4|1&c:"!""7P,4!"ZF:k+=9:>
1!5-d.-,4R!@,O"5
#%POFS9),4+?):*2.+-O"9:2:T!@gP&3H1+ cgX d1u:7?!@,46 b.H4?,4
B86V-24N:,3KA
qHF9[:&BkY_:mY
1r+?,4!!"gP&3H1+ cX d1uEP
,47 W d1 K1&R:"!@*>
7P,.!@#%:"X:R5"Xg-d*cP_+P!@2F:6V996V-d4g-,4$,.7k:+9=:1!5
-d*&Db4H4F-,4 B
6$?24]O*1HV1X9O^!@3c9{:S,.A]q5O"F-)7?HO"-,.WB BV4HOFQe^"XP,.A])3-,4Hg+?r
cA&;O:,4O"GAO*1H\-m&(,(_:,J"1aW8HmO^+-,("!m5,R:G6V996SH6,47K:G:,4+99:!
!@,4A+-"6XBSY_P&("7O"<O*{g9+?reAVO",4!5!@O"5&BVY_:eh1H5>yG*#J5,4{^"XP'&(*>
5O""<&39!@O"F-,4 4`N&u:"!@"7,4!@R=7Z:$F5"Qg-d*|Pg6'1+9+K":,4H:24`NF:R:,4+99:!
7-HO"F-,4X#%9+9+
1)<eL96$=+P1!%A"1)3-,4H!5,V:c+99:1!^-d*&V!@,.A+-"6BGCJ&;,4X
O "%$`
')"+*)
,)-/.0-J
320/5h6+)!#"6
:);%
Hm
~ p
1
g7kgO^9[:&:"{:R6V996V9d4-,1',47%:R24+-,4A+z,4Aq5O"?)c7-HO"?,4WB
PD#%"+9+->?,(&D:,4+99:1!R,4:96V-d4F-,1e!@,4A+-"6XBc{FPO"-,.{#%|35gH6eP
a(:,4#%Q1&!@*)3-*# :16$&whx1H5F>ym*#J^,4X6e*:,]&D7,4!<F:R6$=96$?d49,40,.7
WB 3JgH:22F5&o9 `EE` :` 4gB
49O"R#%+?,W,4ae7,4!1X 486$9=6$-d*z
`E#ZS&39MN"!@"P.5RWB #%-;!@gO"
5,o1&e*J:G!"gH+-J5,od*"!@,:B
vX,.A:@19
z
gu _
u L eE
B
u
g7:#Zp[& 4F,4+-) BW`*:"R#%K1)
7,4H&:%&(g9!@&c,4+9H:F-,4S#%?!@gO"
5,R.k[&V_@B ( yG*#J5,4V6e*:,]&|7,4!m,4+-)39:2 BG!@b.H9!@_:&39MN"!@"P.-,4$,.7
B<#%?e!@gO"5,$XBGY_:c6D90&3nO^H+-rV#%-u:Rym*#85,4'6e*:,&oP84 B
PG|:,4+99:1!Gb4H4F-,4`E#%POF1+9!"&(rV9),4+-)_:R!@O:*&("!5-)44-)3,47Z#%-
!@LO"5,VXB8X,4!I&("!5,e)3,4P&V:SO*1+PO^H+4-,4',.7k:<O",.&'!@OF:*&("!5-).-)
,47k ^,<X`:G7P,.!@#J1!I&|6n,&("+99:2:`(lPZ+99:1!5?d*&RAr
de e _
uWd1 c
X0d1u
B(
!#"%$&
(')"+*!)
,)-/.0-1#
324/5768) "96
:);<
Y :e=])"!*V!@,4A+-"6P|HgH1+9+?rX9+=+->?,WF&/#%POF6e1R4o:"!@eR6e,4!@
_
1e,4:86n,&("+L`X`3#%POF$[:"kF:%:,4PrV&4@` BNgn,.!I&("!J5,<,.+-)mgHOFV!@,4A+-"6'*`
!@*24H+P!5-d4?,4D&o6$9=6$-d.?,4$1!@O",46V6n,.+-rcH& ` `:(W`4gB H!2,W+
5,R[&D:G6n,&("+N #%POFe6$=96$?d*
:<Y_=aW:,4:,4)R7?HO"-,.1+L
z
9 e = J9 w
W I9 z|
z 9
5(B
q:p!}xq7r?Cy#vzz |v#Uv
"!
#%$'&(*),+-(.0/213)5461798:1;=<?>;2(*$'7A@B<<DCFE1&0(G)
EH7F1JI2<(LK5&
u
gFP%"!#%<&(1+K#%-F0:S,4+=H:-,4',47K:,.+99:1!G9+9+->?,W&n9])3"!I!",4A:>
+-"6'*BN*
s e
5WB
u N