You are on page 1of 17

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.

notebook

October16,2014

Northanger
Abbey
Setting and Appearances

Oct112:37

Thisnextsetoflessonsrequires
thatyouhavereadChapters1521
Thisisessentialforyour
understanding,withoutanindepth
knowledgeofthetextyouwillnot
understandtheconceptsthatwe
willbediscussing.
WhenreadingNorthangerAbbey
makesurethatyouunderstandall
terms,especiallyarchaic
(redundant)vocabulary.
Youneedtoreadthetextwitha
dictionarybesideyou.
Youmightalsoliketolistentothe
textasyouread.Goto
Librivox.comforanaudioversion.

Oct112:37

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Starter Activity
Withyourpartner
quicklyrecapon
whathappensin
Chapter1519.

Think

Pair

Share

Oct112:37

You should have said something like this...

15
16

IsabellagetsengagedtoJames.
Jamesgetsconsentforhisfather.
JohnclumsilyasksCatherinetomarryher.

CatherinedineswiththeTilneysbutthinksthey
areuneasybecauseofthegeneral.
AttheballCatherinedancesandtalkstoHenry.
IsabelladanceswithCaptainTilney.
Jameswritesexplaininghewillget400ayear
Isabellaupset.

Oct114:34

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

17

18

19

October16,2014

You should have said something like this...


CatherineInvitedtostaywiththeTilneysat
Northanger
CatherinemeetsIsabellaatthepumproom
SheclaimsCatherineasledJohnon
TilneyflirtswithIsabellainfrontofCatherine.
CatherineaskedHenrytotellhisbrothertostop.
Henrysayshecan'tinterfere

Oct114:34

Starter Activity

Inthesechapterswebegintosee
therealpeoplebeneaththe
appearances.

Whatareyouropinionsforthe
followingcharacters?

CaptainTilney
IsabellaThorpe
JohnThorpe
GeneralTilney

Oct112:37

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

We are going to look at three scenes in groups.

JohnAskingCatherinetomarryhim

IsabellasreactiontoJames'news

ThenewrelationshipbetweenCaptainTinleyand
Isabella
Thenarratorskillfullyallowsustoseethattherealnatureof
thecharactersthoughtheiractionsandexclamations

Oct113:59

ReadthepassagewhereJohnproposestoCatherine.Thisisobviouslyacomical
asideAustenismockingJohnbutwealsoseethingsaboutbothJohnsand
Catherinespersonality.Thinkaboutappearance,CatherineasaGothicheroine
andJohnasaGothicvillain.Johndoesntreallyproposewhy?IsCatherineaware
ofhisintentions,naveorhidingbehindetiquette?Giveexamplesthatillustrate
yourargument.

PerhapsthebestindicationofIsabellatruecoloursiswhenshehearshow
muchcashJameswillinherit.400poundswouldbeamodestincomeacook
perhapsbutnocarriage.WhatdowefindoutaboutIsabella?Howandwhy
doesshechangeherdisappointment?Discusstheironyofhermothers
statements.Giveexamplesthatillustrateyourargument.

HereweseeIsabellabeginningtoplaythefield.Whatdowelearnabout
Isabella?WhatdowelearnaboutCaptainTilney?Howdoesthenarrator
useCatherinetogiveanironicinsightintoIsabellaspersonality.What
doesthisshowusaboutCatherine?

Oct113:59

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

Plenary

Think

October16,2014

Pair

Share

Feedbacktotheclass.
Whatdoesyourextract
illustrate?
HowisAustenplayingwith
Gothictropes?

Oct114:33

Northanger
Abbey
Setting and Appearances

Oct112:37

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Starter Activity

Inpairsrecapon
theeventsof
chapters2021
Think

Pair

Share

Oct112:37

You should have said something like this...

20
21

CatherinetravelstoNorthangerwiththeTilneys.
HenrymocksCatherinessensationalistnatureandtellsherwhatwill
happentoheratNorthanger
WeseetheAbbeyforthefirsttime.

Catherineroomiscomfortable
Thereisachestinthecorner
DuringastormynightCatherinesearchesacabinetandfinds
manuscriptsbuthercandleisextinguishedbeforeshecanreadthem
Shehearsdistantfootstepsandmoansshecannotsleep

Oct114:34

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

CatherinetravelstoNorthangerandthe
GeneralputsCatherineinHenryscurricle.
HenrythenstartsastoryputtingCatherineinto
thecentreofit
Wearegoingtorereadthis.
LookatHenryslanguagewhatishetryingto
archieve?Howishehavingfun?
Lookatthegothictropesthatareusedinthe
passagewhatdowefindhere?
LookatCatherine'sreactionwhatdoesthistell
usabouthercharacter?Howdoesshedrivethe
narrativeforwardwithdisastrousresults.

Oct112:37

Hesmiled,andsaid,"Youhaveformedaveryfavourableideaoftheabbey."
"Tobesure,Ihave.Isnotitafineoldplace,justlikewhatonereadsabout?"
"Andareyoupreparedtoencounterallthehorrorsthatabuildingsuchas'whatonereadsabout'
mayproduce?Haveyouastoutheart?Nervesfitforslidingpanelsandtapestry?"
"Oh!yesIdonotthinkIshouldbeeasilyfrightened,becausetherewouldbesomanypeopleinthe
houseandbesides,ithasneverbeenuninhabitedandleftdesertedforyears,andthenthefamily
comebacktoitunawares,withoutgivinganynotice,asgenerallyhappens."
"No,certainly.Weshallnothavetoexploreourwayintoahalldimlylightedbytheexpiring
embersofawoodfirenorbeobligedtospreadourbedsonthefloorofaroomwithoutwindows,
doors,orfurniture.Butyoumustbeawarethatwhenayoungladyis(bywhatevermeans)
introducedintoadwellingofthiskind,sheisalwayslodgedapartfromtherestofthefamily.While
theysnuglyrepairtotheirownendofthehouse,sheisformallyconductedbyDorothy,theancient
housekeeper,upadifferentstaircase,andalongmanygloomypassages,intoanapartmentnever
usedsincesomecousinorkindiedinitabouttwentyyearsbefore.Canyoustandsuchaceremony
asthis?Willnotyourmindmisgiveyouwhenyoufindyourselfinthisgloomychambertoolofty
andextensiveforyou,withonlythefeebleraysofasinglelamptotakeinitssizeitswallshung
withtapestryexhibitingfiguresaslargeaslife,andthebed,ofdarkgreenstufforpurplevelvet,
presentingevenafunerealappearance?Willnotyourheartsinkwithinyou?"
"Oh!Butthiswillnothappentome,Iamsure."

Oct112:37

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

"Howfearfullywillyouexaminethefurnitureofyourapartment!Andwhatwillyoudiscern?Not
tables,toilettes,wardrobes,ordrawers,butononesideperhapstheremainsofabrokenlute,on
theotheraponderouschestwhichnoeffortscanopen,andoverthefireplacetheportraitofsome
handsomewarrior,whosefeatureswillsoincomprehensiblystrikeyou,thatyouwillnotbeableto
withdrawyoureyesfromit.Dorothy,meanwhile,nolessstruckbyyourappearance,gazesonyouin
greatagitation,anddropsafewunintelligiblehints.Toraiseyourspirits,moreover,shegivesyou
reasontosupposethatthepartoftheabbeyyouinhabitisundoubtedlyhaunted,andinformsyou
thatyouwillnothaveasingledomesticwithincall.Withthispartingcordialshecurtsiesoffyou
listentothesoundofherrecedingfootstepsaslongasthelastechocanreachyouandwhen,with
faintingspirits,youattempttofastenyourdoor,youdiscover,withincreasedalarm,thatithasno
lock."
"Oh!Mr.Tilney,howfrightful!Thisisjustlikeabook!Butitcannotreallyhappentome.Iamsure
yourhousekeeperisnotreallyDorothy.Well,whatthen?"
"Nothingfurthertoalarmperhapsmayoccurthefirstnight.Aftersurmountingyourunconquerable
horrorofthebed,youwillretiretorest,andgetafewhours'unquietslumber.Butonthesecond,or
atfarthestthethirdnightafteryourarrival,youwillprobablyhaveaviolentstorm.Pealsofthunder
soloudastoseemtoshaketheedificetoitsfoundationwillrollroundtheneighbouringmountains
andduringthefrightfulgustsofwindwhichaccompanyit,youwillprobablythinkyoudiscern(for
yourlampisnotextinguished)onepartofthehangingmoreviolentlyagitatedthantherest.Unable
ofcoursetorepressyourcuriosityinsofavourableamomentforindulgingit,youwillinstantly
arise,andthrowingyourdressinggownaroundyou,proceedtoexaminethismystery.

Oct112:37

Afteraveryshortsearch,youwilldiscoveradivisioninthetapestrysoartfullyconstructedastodefy
theminutestinspection,andonopeningit,adoorwillimmediatelyappearwhichdoor,beingonly
securedbymassybarsandapadlock,youwill,afterafewefforts,succeedinopeningand,withyour
lampinyourhand,willpassthroughitintoasmallvaultedroom."
"No,indeed;Ishouldbetoomuchfrightenedtodoanysuchthing."
"What!NotwhenDorothyhasgivenyoutounderstandthatthereisasecretsubterraneous
communicationbetweenyourapartmentandthechapelofSt.Anthony,scarcelytwomilesoff?Could
youshrinkfromsosimpleanadventure?No,no,youwillproceedintothissmallvaultedroom,and
throughthisintoseveralothers,withoutperceivinganythingveryremarkableineither.Inone
perhapstheremaybeadagger,inanotherafewdropsofblood,andinathirdtheremainsofsome
instrumentoftorture;buttherebeingnothinginallthisoutofthecommonway,andyourlamp
beingnearlyexhausted,youwillreturntowardsyourownapartment.Inrepassingthroughthesmall
vaultedroom,however,youreyeswillbeattractedtowardsalarge,oldfashionedcabinetofebony
andgold,which,thoughnarrowlyexaminingthefurniturebefore,youhadpassedunnoticed.
Impelledbyanirresistiblepresentiment,youwilleagerlyadvancetoit,unlockitsfoldingdoors,and
searchintoeverydrawerbutforsometimewithoutdiscoveringanythingofimportanceperhaps
nothingbutaconsiderablehoardofdiamonds.Atlast,however,bytouchingasecretspring,aninner
compartmentwillopenarollofpaperappearsyouseizeititcontainsmanysheetsofmanuscript
youhastenwiththeprecioustreasureintoyourownchamber,butscarcelyhaveyoubeenableto
decipher'Oh!Thouwhomsoeverthoumaystbe,intowhosehandsthesememoirsofthewretched
Matildamayfall'whenyourlampsuddenlyexpiresinthesocket,andleavesyouintotaldarkness."
"Oh!No,nodonotsayso.Well,goon."

Oct112:37

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

ButHenrywastoomuchamusedbytheinteresthehadraisedtobeabletocarryit
farther;hecouldnolongercommandsolemnityeitherofsubjectorvoice,andwas
obligedtoentreathertouseherownfancyintheperusalofMatilda'swoes.Catherine,
recollectingherself,grewashamedofhereagerness,andbeganearnestlytoassurehim
thatherattentionhadbeenfixedwithoutthesmallestapprehensionofreallymeeting
withwhatherelated."MissTilney,shewassure,wouldneverputherintosuchachamber
ashehaddescribed!Shewasnotatallafraid."

Oct809:19

WheneventuallyarriveatNorthanger.
WhatdoesCatherineexpect?
Comparethenexttwoextracts.
ThefirstisfromTheCastleofOtranto,a
1764novelbyHoraceWalpole.Itis
generallyregardedasthefirstgothic
novel.
ThenextisourfirstlookatNorthanger.
Wewillbeworkingintwogroups
Youneedtobelookingforgothictropes
(orlackthereof)andtheimagerypainted
bytheauthors.

Oct112:37

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Thelowerpartofthecastlewashollowedintoseveralintricatecloisters;anditwasnoteasy
foroneundersomuchanxietytofindthedoorthatopenedintothecavern.Anawfulsilence
reignedthroughoutthosesubterraneousregions,exceptnowandthensomeblastsofwind
thatshookthedoorsshehadpassed,andwhich,gratingontherustyhinges,werereechoed
throughthatlonglabyrinthofdarkness.Everymurmurstruckherwithnewterror;yetmore
shedreadedtohearthewrathfulvoiceofManfredurginghisdomesticstopursueher.She
trodassoftlyasimpatiencewouldgiveherleave,yetfrequentlystoppedandlistenedtohear
ifshewasfollowed.Inoneofthosemomentsshethoughtsheheardasigh.Sheshuddered,
andrecoiledafewpaces.Inamomentshethoughtsheheardthestepofsomeperson.Her
bloodcurdled;sheconcludeditwasManfred.Everysuggestionthathorrorcouldinspire
rushedintohermind.Shecondemnedherrashflight,whichhadthusexposedhertohisrage
inaplacewherehercrieswerenotlikelytodrawanybodytoherassistance.Yetthesound
seemednottocomefrombehind.

Oct112:37

IfManfredknewwhereshewas,hemusthavefollowedher.Shewasstillinoneofthe
cloisters,andthestepsshehadheardweretoodistincttoproceedfromthewayshehad
come.Cheeredwiththisreflection,andhopingtofindafriendinwhoeverwasnotthePrince,
shewasgoingtoadvance,whenadoorthatstoodajar,atsomedistancetotheleft,was
openedgently:butereherlamp,whichsheheldup,coulddiscoverwhoopenedit,theperson
retreatedprecipitatelyonseeingthelight.Isabella,whomeveryincidentwassufficientto
dismay,hesitatedwhethersheshouldproceed.HerdreadofManfredsoonoutweighedevery
otherterror.Theverycircumstanceofthepersonavoidinghergaveherasortofcourage.It
couldonlybe,shethought,somedomesticbelongingtothecastle.Hergentlenesshadnever
raisedheranenemy,andconsciousinnocencemadeherhopethat,unlesssentbythePrinces
ordertoseekher,hisservantswouldratherassistthanpreventherflight.Fortifyingherself
withthesereflections,andbelievingbywhatshecouldobservethatshewasnearthemouth
ofthesubterraneouscavern,sheapproachedthedoorthathadbeenopened;butasudden
gustofwindthatmetheratthedoorextinguishedherlamp,andleftherintotaldarkness.

Oct112:37

10

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Astheydrewneartheendoftheirjourney,herimpatienceforasightoftheabbeyforsometime
suspendedbyhisconversationonsubjectsverydifferentreturnedinfullforce,andeverybendintheroad
wasexpectedwithsolemnawetoaffordaglimpseofitsmassywallsofgreystone,risingamidstagroveof
ancientoaks,withthelastbeamsofthesunplayinginbeautifulsplendouronitshighGothicwindows.Butso
lowdidthebuildingstand,thatshefoundherselfpassingthroughthegreatgatesofthelodgeintothevery
groundsofNorthanger,withouthavingdiscernedevenanantiquechimney.
Sheknewnotthatshehadanyrighttobesurprised,buttherewasasomethinginthismodeofapproach
whichshecertainlyhadnotexpected.Topassbetweenlodgesofamodernappearance,tofindherselfwith
sucheaseintheveryprecinctsoftheabbey,anddrivensorapidlyalongasmooth,levelroadoffinegravel,
withoutobstacle,alarm,orsolemnityofanykind,struckherasoddandinconsistent.Shewasnotlongat
leisure,however,forsuchconsiderations.Asuddenscudofrain,drivingfullinherface,madeitimpossiblefor
hertoobserveanythingfurther,andfixedallherthoughtsonthewelfareofhernewstrawbonnet;andshe
wasactuallyundertheabbeywalls,wasspringing,withHenry'sassistance,fromthecarriage,wasbeneath
theshelteroftheoldporch,andhadevenpassedontothehall,whereherfriendandthegeneralwere
waitingtowelcomeher,withoutfeelingoneawfulforebodingoffuturemiserytoherself,oronemoment's
suspicionofanypastscenesofhorrorbeingactedwithinthesolemnedifice.Thebreezehadnotseemedto
waftthesighsofthemurderedtoher;ithadwaftednothingworsethanathickmizzlingrain;andhaving
givenagoodshaketoherhabit,shewasreadytobeshownintothecommondrawingroom,andcapableof
consideringwhereshewas.

Oct112:37

Anabbey!Yes,itwasdelightfultobereallyinanabbey!Butshedoubted,asshelookedroundtheroom,
whetheranythingwithinherobservationwouldhavegivenhertheconsciousness.Thefurniturewasinallthe
profusionandeleganceofmoderntaste.Thefireplace,whereshehadexpectedtheamplewidthand
ponderouscarvingofformertimes,wascontractedtoaRumford,withslabsofplainthoughhandsome
marble,andornamentsoveritoftheprettiestEnglishchina.Thewindows,towhichshelookedwithpeculiar
dependence,fromhavingheardthegeneraltalkofhispreservingthemintheirGothicformwithreverential
care,wereyetlesswhatherfancyhadportrayed.Tobesure,thepointedarchwaspreservedtheformof
themwasGothictheymightbeevencasementsbuteverypanewassolarge,soclear,solight!Toan
imaginationwhichhadhopedforthesmallestdivisions,andtheheavieststonework,forpaintedglass,dirt,
andcobwebs,thedifferencewasverydistressing.
Thegeneral,perceivinghowhereyewasemployed,begantotalkofthesmallnessoftheroomandsimplicity
ofthefurniture,whereeverything,beingfordailyuse,pretendedonlytocomfort,etc.;flatteringhimself,
however,thatthereweresomeapartmentsintheAbbeynotunworthyhernoticeandwasproceedingto
mentionthecostlygildingofoneinparticular,when,takingouthiswatch,hestoppedshorttopronounceit
withsurprisewithintwentyminutesoffive!Thisseemedthewordofseparation,andCatherinefoundherself
hurriedawaybyMissTilneyinsuchamannerasconvincedherthatthestrictestpunctualitytothefamily
hourswouldbeexpectedatNorthanger.
Returningthroughthelargeandloftyhall,theyascendedabroadstaircaseofshiningoak,which,aftermany
flightsandmanylandingplaces,broughtthemuponalong,widegallery.Ononesideithadarangeofdoors,
anditwaslightedontheotherbywindowswhichCatherinehadonlytimetodiscoverlookedintoa
quadrangle,beforeMissTilneyledthewayintoachamber,andscarcelystayingtohopeshewouldfindit
comfortable,leftherwithananxiousentreatythatshewouldmakeaslittlealterationaspossibleinher
dress.

Oct112:37

11

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

Plenary

October16,2014

BathosAnabrupt,unintended
transitioninstylefromtheexaltedto
thecommonplace,producinga
ludicrouseffect.

Nowfeedbacktothe
classonyourextract.
Deconstructthese
descriptionshowdo
theyupholdorsubvert
thegothic?

Oct112:37

Homework
HOmeowrk
readBluebeard

ReadtheFrench
fairytale
Bluebeardby
CharlesPerrault

Oct112:37

12

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Northanger
Abbey
Setting and Appearances

Oct112:37

StarterActivity
Starter
Activity
InPairsrecaponthethefairytale
Bluebeard.
Whathappens?
Whydoyouthinkyouwereasked
toreadit?

Think

Pair

Share

Oct112:37

13

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Pandora's Box
InclassicalGreekmythology,PandorawasthefirstwomanonEarth.
Thegodsendowedherwithmanygifts:Athenaclothedher,Aphrodite
gaveherbeauty,Apollogavehermusicalability,andHermesgaveher
speech.WhenPrometheusstolefirefromheaven,Zeustook
vengeancebypresentingPandoratoPrometheus'brotherEpimetheus.
Pandorawasgivenaweddinggiftofabeautifuljar,withinstructionsto
notopenitunderanycircumstance.Impelledbyhercuriosity(givento
herbythegods),Pandoraopeneditandallevilcontainedtherein
escapedandspreadovertheearth.Shehastenedtoclosethe
container,butthewholecontentshadescapedexceptforonethingthat
layatthebottomtheSpiritofHope.Pandora,deeplysaddenedbywhat
shehaddone,fearedshewouldhavetofaceZeus'wrath.However,
ZeusdidnotpunishPandorabecauseheknewthiswouldhappen.

Oct112:37

InthetraditionofPandora
andBluebeard,Austengives
herheroineaninquisitive
nature.
Austenthen"upstheante"
beforeridiculingher
heroinemorebathos.Read
theextractandevaluatehow
shedoesthis.

Oct112:37

14

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

"Thisisstrangeindeed!Ididnotexpectsuchasightasthis!Animmenseheavy
chest!Whatcanithold?Whyshoulditbeplacedhere?Pushedbacktoo,asif
meanttobeoutofsight!Iwilllookintoitcostmewhatitmay,Iwilllookintoit
anddirectlytoobydaylight.IfIstaytilleveningmycandlemaygoout."She
advancedandexamineditclosely:itwasofcedar,curiouslyinlaidwithsome
darkerwood,andraised,aboutafootfromtheground,onacarvedstandofthe
same.Thelockwassilver,thoughtarnishedfromage;ateachendwerethe
imperfectremainsofhandlesalsoofsilver,brokenperhapsprematurelybysome
strangeviolence;and,onthecentreofthelid,wasamysteriouscipher,inthe
samemetal.Catherinebentoveritintently,butwithoutbeingabletodistinguish
anythingwithcertainty.Shecouldnot,inwhateverdirectionshetookit,believe
thelastlettertobeaT;andyetthatitshouldbeanythingelseinthathousewasa
circumstancetoraisenocommondegreeofastonishment.Ifnotoriginallytheirs,
bywhatstrangeeventscouldithavefallenintotheTilneyfamily?

Thinkaboutlexicalfields

Oct112:37

Herfearfulcuriositywaseverymomentgrowinggreater;andseizing,withtremblinghands,
thehaspofthelock,sheresolvedatallhazardstosatisfyherselfatleastastoitscontents.
Withdifficulty,forsomethingseemedtoresistherefforts,sheraisedthelidafewinches;
butatthatmomentasuddenknockingatthedooroftheroommadeher,starting,quither
hold,andthelidclosedwithalarmingviolence.ThisilltimedintruderwasMissTilney's
maid,sentbyhermistresstobeofusetoMissMorland;andthoughCatherineimmediately
dismissedher,itrecalledhertothesenseofwhatsheoughttobedoing,andforcedher,in
spiteofheranxiousdesiretopenetratethismystery,toproceedinherdressingwithout
furtherdelay.Herprogresswasnotquick,forherthoughtsandhereyeswerestillbenton
theobjectsowellcalculatedtointerestandalarm;andthoughshedarednotwastea
momentuponasecondattempt,shecouldnotremainmanypacesfromthechest.At
length,however,havingslippedonearmintohergown,hertoiletteseemedsonearly
finishedthattheimpatienceofhercuriositymightsafelybeindulged.Onemomentsurely
mightbespared;and,sodesperateshouldbetheexertionofherstrength,that,unless
securedbysupernaturalmeans,thelidinonemomentshouldbethrownback.Withthis
spiritshesprangforward,andherconfidencedidnotdeceiveher.Herresoluteeffortthrew
backthelid,andgavetoherastonishedeyestheviewofawhitecottoncounterpane,
properlyfolded,reposingatoneendofthechestinundisputedpossession!

Oct112:37

15

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Eventhoughsheis
embarrassedshedoesthis
againwiththecabinet.Lets
lookattheincidentclosely.
HowdoesHenrysstoryonthe
curriclehelpigniteCatherine's
imagination?
Howdoesthisincident
foreshadowtheeventsofthe
narrative?
Whatdowelearnabout
Catherine?
Whatisthereaderexpectedto
thinkofCatherine?Why?

Oct112:37

Plenary

Think

Pair

Share

Overthepasttwoweekswehave
lookedatappearancesinAusten's
worldandthesettingsthatshehas
usedinNorthamgerAbbey.
Austenhasusedbothironicallytohelp
createherparody.
Whatdoyouthinkaretheimportant
featuresthatyouhavestudiedover
thesepasttwoweeks?

Oct112:37

16

NorthangerAbbeySettingandAppearance2.notebook

October16,2014

Oct1413:31

17

You might also like