Water - Thermal Properties

8/6/2014
Water - Thermal Properties
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Thermal properties of water - density, freezing temperature, boiling temperature, latent heat of melting, latent heat of evaporation, critical temperature and more
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Some common used thermal properties for water:

Maximum density at 4 oC - 1,000 kg/m3, 1.940 slugs/ft3
Specific Weight at 4 oC - 9.807 kN/m3, 62.43 Lbs./Cu.Ft, 8.33 Lbs./Gal., 0.1337 Cu.Ft./Gal.
Freezing temperature - 0 oC (Official Ice at 0 oC)
Boiling temperature - 100 oC
Latent heat of melting - 334 kJ/kg
Latent heat of evaporation - 2,270 kJ/kg
Critical temperature - 380 oC - 386 oC
Critical pressure - 221.2 bar, 22.1 MPa (MN/m2)
Specific heat water - 4.187 kJ/kgK
Specific heat ice - 2.108 kJ/kgK
Specific heat water vapor - 1.996 kJ/kgK
Thermal expansion from 4 oC to 100 oC - 4.2x10 -2
Bulk modulus elasticity - 2.15 x 10 9 (Pa, N/m2)
Thermal properties of water:
Temperature
-t-
Absolute pressure
-p-
Density
--
Specific v olume
-v-
Specific Heat
- cp -
Specific entropy
-e-
(oC)
(kN/m2)
(kg/m3)
10 -3 (m3/kg)
(kJ/kgK)
(kJ/kgK)
1.00
4.210
0
(Ice)
916.8
0.01
0.6
999.8
4
(maximum density)
0.9
1000.0
0.9
1000.0
1.00
4.204
0.075
10
1.2
999.8
1.00
4.193
0.150
15
1.7
999.2
1.00
4.1855 1)
0.223
20
2.3
998.3
1.00
4.183
0.296
25
3.2
997.1
1.00
4.181
0.367
30
4.3
995.7
1.00
4.179
0.438
35
5.6
994.1
1.01
4.178
0.505
40
7.7
992.3
1.01
4.179
0.581
45
9.6
990.2
1.01
4.181
0.637
50
12.5
988
1.01
4.182
0.707
55
15.7
986
1.01
4.183
0.767
60
20.0
983
1.02
4.185
0.832
65
25.0
980
1.02
4.188
0.893
70
31.3
978
1.02
4.191
0.966
75
38.6
975
1.03
4.194
1.016
80
47.5
972
1.03
4.198
1.076
85
57.8
968
1.03
4.203
1.134
90
70.0
965
1.04
4.208
1.192
95
84.5
962
1.04
4.213
1.250
100
101.33
958
1.04
4.219
1.307
105
121
954
1.05
4.226
1.382
110
143
951
1.05
4.233
1.418
115
169
947
1.06
4.240
1.473
120
199
943
1.06
4.248
1.527
125
228
939
1.06
4.26
1.565
130
270
935
1.07
4.27
1.635
135
313
931
1.07
4.28
1.687
140
361
926
1.08
4.29
1.739
145
416
922
1.08
4.30
1.790
150
477
918
1.09
4.32
1.842
155
543
912
1.10
4.34
1.892
160
618
907
1.10
4.35
1.942
165
701
902
1.11
4.36
1.992
170
792
897
1.11
4.38
2.041
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-thermal-properties-d_162.html
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8/6/2014

175
890
893
1.12
4.39
2.090
180
1000
887
1.13
4.42
2.138
185
1120
882
1.13
4.45
2.187
190
1260
876
1.14
4.46
2.236
195
1400
870
1.15
200
1550
864
1.16
220
840
225
2550
1.20
4.65
814
250
3990
2.569
4.78
799
260
2.329
4.63
834
240
1)
2.282
4.51
125
4.87
784
2.797
4.98
275
5950
756
1.32
5.20
3.022
300
8600
714
1.40
5.65
3.256
325
12130
654
1.53
6.86
3.501
350
16540
575
1.74
10.1
3.781
360
18680
528
1.90
14.6
3.921
The International Committee for Weights and Measures, Paris, 1950, accepted W. J. de Haass recommended value of 4.1855 J/gC for the specific heat capacity of water at 15 C.
1 kg/m3 = 0.001 g/cm3 = 0.0005780 oz/in 3 = 0.16036 oz/gal (Imperial) = 0.1335 oz/gal (U.S.) = 0.0624 lb/ft3 = 0.000036127 lb/in 3 = 1.6856 lb/yd 3 = 0.010022 lb/gal (Imperial) = 0.008345 lb/gal (U.S) =
0.0007525 ton/yd 3
1 N/m2 = 1 Pa = 1.4504x10 -4 lb/in 2 = 1x10 -5 bar = 4.03x10 -3 in water = 0.336x10 -3 ft water = 0.1024 mm water = 0.295x10 -3 in mercury = 7.55x10 -3 mm mercury = 0.1024 kg/m2 = 0.993x10 -5 atm
1 m3/kg = 16.02 ft3/lb m = 27680 in 3/lb m = 119.8 US gal/lb m = 1000 liter/kg
1 kJ/(kg K) = 0.2389 kcal/(kg oC) = 0.2389 Btu/(lb m oF)
Temperature
-t-
Absolute pressure
-p-
Dynamic viscosity
--
Kinematic
viscosity
--
Expansion
coefficient
Specific enthalpy
(kJ/kg)
(oC)
(kN/m2)
(Centipoise)
10 -6 (m2/s)
10 -3 (1/K)
0.01
0.6
1.78
1.792
-0.07
0.9
1.52
0.160
21.0
Prandtl's no.
13.67
2/8
8/6/2014

10
1.2
1.31
15
1.7
1.14
20
2.3
1.00
25
3.2
0.890
30
4.3
0.798
35
5.6
0.719
40
7.7
0.653
45
9.6
0.596
50
12.5
0.547
55
15.7
0.504
60
20.0
0.467
65
25.0
0.434
70
31.3
0.404
75
38.6
0.378
80
47.5
0.355
85
57.8
0.334
90
70.0
0.314
95
84.5
0.297
100
101.33
0.281
105
121
0.267
440.2
110
143
0.253
461.3
115
169
0.241
120
199
0.230
125
228
0.221
524.3
130
270
0.212
546.3
135
313
0.204
140
361
0.196
145
416
0.190
610.0
150
477
0.185
631.8
155
543
0.180
160
618
0.174
165
701
0.169
697.3
170
792
0.163
718.1
175
890
0.158
180
1000
0.153
185
1120
0.149
785.3
190
1260
0.145
807.5
195
1400
0.141
200
1550
0.138
220
225
1.004
0.801
0.658
0.553
0.474
0.413
0.365
0.326
0.295
0.088
41.9
0.151
62.9
0.207
83.8
0.257
104.8
0.303
125.7
0.345
146.7
0.385
167.6
0.420
188.6
0.457
209.6
0.486
230.5
0.523
251.5
0.544
272.4
0.585
293.4
0.596
314.3
0.643
335.3
0.644
356.2
0.665
377.2
0.687
398.1
0.752
419.1
0.860
503.7
0.975
588.7
1.098
674.5
1.233
763.1
1.392
0.149
1.597
851.7
2.56
2.23
1.96
1.75
1.45
1.25
1.09
0.98
0.92
0.88
0.0972
1211
300
8600
0.0897
1345
325
12130
0.0790
1494
350
16540
0.0648
1672
360
18680
0.0582
1764
1.862
0.87
1087
0.137
ft2/s=
2.99
966.8
0.142
10 6
3.56
829.9
0.158
5950
10 4
4.34
739.8
0.170
0.110
275
5.43
653.8
0.189
3990
260
7.01
567.7
0.215
0.121
250
9.47
482.5
0.249
2550
240
m2/s
1.304
2.21
0.87
ft2/h
1
=
St =
cSt = 10.764
38750
1 J/kg = 4.299x10 -4 Btu/lb m = 2.388x10 -4 kcal/kg
Water - Tem perature and Specific Volum e
3/8
8/6/2014
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8/6/2014