Extending Acid/Base Concepts

1 a) proton, hydronium, H3O+

b) all release H+: mono = releases 1 H+,
poly = more than 1, di = two, tri = three
c) Neutralization
1d), 2a)
Acid
Base
Arrhenius Produces H+ in Produces OH in
(grade 11)
solution
solution
HCl H+ + Cl NaOH OH + Na+
Bronsted

H+ donor

H+ acceptor

HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl

2 b) i) there is no water/solution, thus aqueous
ions do not form (no H+ or OH)

Extending Acid/Base Concepts

2b) ii) diagram as on pg. 418
H
H
H

N + H

Cl

+
H

Cl

H
H
iii) HCl is an acid because it donates H+,
NH3 accepts H+ and therefore is the base
(NH4+ and Cl then form an ionic compound)
3a) Lewis acid: electron pair acceptor
Lewis base: electron pair donor
3b) the Lewis definition is universal because
Arrhenius and Bronsted are special cases
(as above or in reaction on pg. 428)

Extending Acid/Base Concepts

4 a) HCN(l) + H2O CN(aq) + H3O+(aq)

b) Forward: HCN is acid, H2O is base

c) Reverse: H3O+ is acid, CN is base
d) A conjugate acid-base pair are two
substances that differ from each other by
just one proton (H+)
e) HCN and CN and H2O and H3O+ are
conjugate acid-base pairs
See back of textbook for answers to
PE 25 28, and RE 11.77

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