Lesson

Exploring the History and

Importance of Wildlife
Management

Learning Objectives

Explain the history of wildlife

conservation.
Describing the national policies that
impact wildlife conservation.
Identify historical people related to
wildlife conservation.
Describe the values of wildlife.
Define wildlife conservation and wildlife
management.

Explain the history of wildlife conservation

In the 1600s, when the pilgrims arrived,

wildlife was plentiful and was able to
meet the needs of the people.
Needs turned into wants, which led to
exploitationthe use of natural
resources for profit.
By the 1800s, people began to see a
need for conservation of our natural
resources

What is the history of wildlife

conservation?

Morrill Act of 1862

Established colleges to
teach agriculture.
Made land grant
universities such as the
University of Illinois.

What is the history of wildlife

conservation?

Yellowstone National Park

First national park in the world.
Its purpose was to preserve the natural
resources of the area.
1872
Located in Idaho, Montana & Wyoming
3,472 sq. miles
2,221,773 sq. acres

What are the national policies that impact

wildlife conservation?

National Park Service

Enacted in 1916.
Federal agency responsible for the care of
the national parks.

Lacey Act
Regulates the shipment of illegally killed
animals.
Made it illegal to trade protected wildlife.

What are the national policies that

impact wildlife conservation?

Migratory Bird Conservation Act

First step in protecting migratory birds.
1929

Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act

Requires people planning on hunting
migratory birds to purchase special stamps.
1937
Has raised over $1 billion to date.

What are the national policies that

impact wildlife conservation?

Pittman-Robertson Act
Raises money in the form of taxes on
hunting equipment and ammunition
1937

What are the national policies that

impact wildlife conservation?
Endangered Species Act

Identifies and manages rare,

threatened and endangered species.
Threatened-population is in danger of
becoming endangered.
Endangered-population is in danger of
becoming extinct.

What are the national policies that impact

wildlife conservation?

Wildlife Refuge System

A system of wildlife
refuges across the United
States.
A part of the US Fish and
Wildlife Service.
1966

What are the national policies that impact wildlife

conservation?

Forest Service
Part of the USDA that manages
156 forests covering 191 million
acres of forests and grassland.

Historical People in Wildlife Conservation

John James Audubon (17851851)

Watched and studied birds.
Published a book about his bird
studies.
1905 the National Audubon Society
was formed.

Historical People in Wildlife Conservation

John Muir (18381914)

Partly responsible for the development
of Yellowstone and Sequoia National
Parks.
Encouraged President Roosevelt to
establish these parks.
Started the Sierra Club.
California forest named after him.

Historical People in Wildlife Conservation

Theodore Roosevelt (18581919)

Known as the Father of the
Conservation Movement.
Passed legislations to help protect
natural resource.

Historical People in Wildlife Conservation

Aldo Leopold (18861948)

Applied ecology to wildlife.

Ecology is the study of how organisms

interact with their environment.

Wrote a book called Game

Management that was used to help
further educate wildlife biologists.

Historical People in Wildlife Conservation

Gifford Pinchot (18651946)

One of the first leaders of what is now
known as the U.S. Forest Service.
Wrote a book called The Fight for
Conservation.
His efforts focused on the conservation
of forests.

Historical People in Wildlife Conservation

Hugh Bennett (18811960

Father of soil conservation.
First person to run the Soil Conservation
Service.

Jay Darling (18721962)

Designed the first migratory bird stamp.
Drew cartoons of wildlife and natural
resources.
His cartoons made the public aware of the
need for wildlife conservation.

The work of Jay Darling

Land, water and vegetation

are just that dependent on one
another. Without these three
primary elements in natural
balance, we can have neither
fish nor game, wild flowers nor
trees, labor nor capital, nor
sustaining habitat for humans
Jay Ding Darling

The work of Jay Darling

What are the values of wildlife

Plants and animals that have not

been domesticated are called
wildlife.

Domestication is being under control of

humans.

There are five basic values of wildlife

Five Basic Values of Wildlife

Aesthetic valuethe enjoying of
wildlifes beauty and pleasure
Scientific valuestudying and
research of wildlife for their use in
medications, integrated pest
management, etc
Ecological Valuethe interaction of
wildlife in nature

Five Basic Values of Wildlife

Commercialusing wildlife to earn

money

Game Valuethe enjoyment value

gained through hunting and fishing

What are wildlife conservation and wildlife

management?

Wildlife Conservationthe wise use of

natural resources in our environment.
Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4
parts.
Educationlearning how to conserve
wildlife and its resources.
Researchusing science to better
understand the needs and
requirements of wildlife and its habitat.

What are wildlife conservation and

wildlife management?

Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4

parts (continued)
Law Enforcementensures that all
laws related to wildlife are followed.
Wildlife Managementmanipulation of
wildlife to achieve a positive goal.

Lesson

Understanding the
National Park System

What are Some Examples of National

Parks and Historic Sites in the United
States?

Learning Objectives
Understand the history and purpose
of the National Park System.
Understand how National Park
System units are designated.

How was the National Park System

Established and What is its Purpose?

In 1872, Congress established

Yellowstone National Park in the
territories of Montana and Wyoming
as a public park for the benefit and
enjoyment of the people and placed
it under exclusive control of the
Secretary of the Interior.

How was the National Park System

Established and What is its Purpose?

Yellowstone National Park was the

first public park and its founding
began a worldwide park movement.
Currently more than 100 nations
contain some 1,200 national parks.

National Park System Development

On August 25th, 1916, President

Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act,
which formed the National Park Service.

The National Park Service was created as a

new federal bureau in the Department of the
Interior and it was responsible for protecting
the 40 national parks and monuments in
existence at that time and those yet to be
established.

National Park System Development

The Organic Act states that the Service shall

promote and regulate the use of Federal areas
known as national parks, monuments, and
reservations...to conserve the scenery and the
natural and historic objects and the wild life
therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the
same in such a manner and by such means
as will leave them unimpaired for the
enjoyment of future generations.

National Park System Development

Today the National Park Service of the

United States is comprised of over 380
national parks, and other designated
monuments and areas, which cover
more than 83 million acres in 49 States,
the District of Columbia, American
Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and
the Virgin Islands. National Parks have
over 250 million visitors, annually.

National Park System Development

National Parks in the United States

are created by acts of Congress.

National Parks are areas of national

significance distinguished by superlative
natural scenery, set aside for preservation
as nearly as possible in unimpaired
condition and dedicated to the use and
inspiration of the people.

How are National Park System Units

Designated?
The National Park Service consists
of more than 380 areas.
The areas can be classified into
three categories: natural areas,
historical areas, and recreational
areas

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Park: National parks are large

natural places that a have a wide variety of
attributes. Consumptive activities, such as
hunting or fishing are typically not allowed.
National Monument: The President can
proclaim landmarks, structures, and other
objects of historic or scientific interest on
land owned or controlled by the
government to be national monuments.

Fireworks Over National Monuments

in Washington D.C.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Preserve: National preserves

are areas that have characteristics
associated with national parks, but
Congress has permitted activities such
as hunting, trapping, and oil exploration.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites
National Historic Site: A national
historical site is a site that contains a
single historical feature.
National Historical Park: National
historic parks are historical areas
that extend beyond single properties
or buildings.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Memorial: A national memorial is

commemorative of a historical person or
episode.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Battlefield: Sites in this category

include national battlefield parks, national
battlefield sites, and national military parks.
National Cemetery: There are 14 national
cemeteries and all of them are associated
with another unit of the National Park
Service.

Arlington National Cemetery

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Recreational Area: There are

currently 17 national recreational areas
within the National Park Service.

Twelve of which are centered on large reservoirs

and emphasize water recreation.
Five of the national recreational areas are located
in major population areas and combine open
spaces with the preservation of significant historic
resources and natural areas to provide outdoor
recreation for large numbers of people.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Seashore: Ten national

seashores have been established on the
Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Lakeshore: National

lakeshores are similar to seashores and
are all on the Great Lakes
National River: This category contains
several variations such as: national river
and recreational area, national scenic
river, wild river, and etc.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Parkway: National parkways

are intended for scenic motoring along a
protected corridor and they often connect
cultural sites.

A parkway refers to the roadway and the

parkland paralleling the roadway.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

National Trail: National scenic trails and

national historic trails are the titles give to
these linear parklands authorized under
the National Trails System Act of 1968.

Categories of National Park Service

Sites

Affiliated Areas: includes a variety of

locations in the U.S. and Canada that
preserve significant properties outside
the National Park Service, not owned by
the federal government.

Other Designations have unique titles or

combinations of titles such as the White
House and Prince William Forest Park.