z

khj ,jo;> nghOJ – 16

khh;fop – ij
o tho;jJ
; fs;
rdthp
rdthp – 201
2010
vidiyalmagazhine.blogspot.com
tkh(z)d
jdpj;Jtkh(z) dth; 02
vidiyalmagazhine@gmail.com ;fs; 02
o fUj;J kly;fs;
o tiy cyh
gpioapd;wpj; jkpo; vOjyhk; 03
o mwptpg;G
rpwg;ghrphpah;
Kidth; eh. fz;zd; nghd;khiyg; nghOJ 03
fy;Y}hp Kjy;th; fl;Liug; Nghl;b KbT 03
o Ma;Tf;fl;Liu
jkpoh; jpUehs;; 04
Mrphpah; o Gj;jhz;L
Kidth; kh. fhh;jj
; pNfad;
jkpo;jJ
; iwj; jiyth;; 2010Mk; Mz;Lf;F tuNtw;G kly; 06
o E}y; mwpKfk;
ehd; fhZk; ts;Sth; 07
,iz Mrphpah;fs; o (f)tpijfSk; tpUl;rq;fSk;
jkpo;jJ
; iw tphpTiuahsh;fs;
ngz;zpathpfs;; 08
o E}yfMa;T
E}y;fspd; thf;F%yk; 11
o epidtiyfs;
nt. ,uhkypq;fk; gps;is 13
o FWq;fl;Liuiufs;
fs;
nydpd; 12
Fkud;
nfhbfhj;j Fku d; 16
tPughz;ba fl;lnghk;kd; 17
o Neh;fhzy;
ftpQh; f. Nkhfduq;fd; 14
o ftpij
,jak; 16
ntspaPL: o kUj;Jt tk;
k;
ePupopT Neha; 19

jkpo;jJ
; iw>
iw>
Nf.v];.Mh;. fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp (jd;dhl;hl;rp)
jpUr;nrq;NfhL – 637 215> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah.
www.ksrcasthamizh.blogspot.com, www.ksrcas.net.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 1 rdthp; 201

2010
 th o; j; J f s; mwpQh; mz;zh muR fiyf;fy;Y}hp>
ehkf;fy;.

jdpj;Jtkh(z)
tkh(z)d
(z)dth;;

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,uz;lhkhz;L gapYk; khzth; jiyg;gpy; Kidth; n[.n[athzp=
nr. jq;fuhR> jd; rf khzhf;fhpd; mth;fs; vOjpa fl;Liu ed;W.
gad; fUjp> ehs;NjhWk; nra;jpj; Fwpg;ghf mjpy; ,lk;ngw;w
jhs;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; Kf;fpar; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; midj;Jk;
nra;jpfis (ehd;F Kjy; ed;W. kio gw;wpa xd;gJ
VOtiuapyhd vz;zpf;ifapy;) kpfr; gonkhopfis xUq;Nf fhz
RUf;fkhfTk; njspthfTk; tFg;giwf; Kbe;jJ.
fUk;gyifapd; xU gFjpapy; vOjp ‘m`pk;irapd; epiy’ vd;Dk;
tUfpwhh;. mtUf;F tpbaypd; jiyg;gpy; jpU. V. uQ;rpj; mth;fs;
tho;jJ
; fs;. vOjpa ftpij rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.
 fUj;J kly;fs;;  jpU.J. RNu~; mth;fs; njhFj;j
“‘jdpj;Jtkh(z)dth;fs;’ gFjpapy; VRtpd; nghd;nkhopfs; ekf;F
khzth;fs; jpU.Nyhfehjd;> jpU. mwpTiu $Wtjhf mike;Js;sd.
fiyr;nry;td; MfpNahiug; gw;wpa F. ejpaurp mth;fspd; Rdhkp
nra;jp tpag;ghf ,Ue;jJ. mth;fs; vt;thW Vw;gLfpwJ> mijf;
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ,aw;if czTg; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; topKiwfs; gw;wpa
gof;fj;ij khzth;fs; kj;j; papYk; fl;Liu ed;whf ,Ue;jJ.
mijg; gug;gp tUtJ fUtpypUe;Nj Neha;f; Fiw
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Kidth; n[. n[athzp= kUj;Jt Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; $Wk;
jpU.K. uhk;Nkhfd; mth;fspd;
mth;fspd; ‘kior;NrhW topghL’
Fwpj;j Ma;Tf;fl;Liu kpf ed;W. ‘];nlk; nry;’ gw;wpa fl;Liu kpfTk;
mKjk; Nghd;w mtuJ nkhopeilapy; ed;W. ‘ituthpfs;’ ituKj;Jit
rpyepkplq;fs; rpe;ij kaq;fp epd;Nwd;. mwpKfk; nra;tjha; mike;jJ.
jpU.K.uhk;Nkhfd; mth;fspd; ‘];nlk; ‘tpbay;’ khzth;fspd; jpwid
nry;’ gw;wpa nra;jpfs; kpfTk; tsh;jJ; f; nfhs;sTk; Mrphpah;fspd;
gaDs;sjhf ,Ue;jd. jpwid ntspg;gLj;jTk; xU
jpU g.rutzd; mth;fs; fskhfg; gad;gLfpwJ vd;gij
b.Nf.rp.ia mwpKfk; nra;j tpjKk; czh;eN ; jd;.”
urpfkzpia urpj;j tpjKk; kdj;ijj; - g. Nfhghy fpU~;zd;>
%d;whkhz;L> ,sq;fiy jkpo;
njhLk;gb ,Ue;jd. ‘,yf;fpa urid’ ,yf;fpak;> mwpQh; mz;zh muR
Fwpj;j mthpd; Mjq;f miy ,d;Dk; fiyf;fy;Y}hp> ehkf;fy;.
vd; neQ;rpy; Nkhjpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.”

- ng. RNu~;>
%d;whkhz;L> ,sq;fiy jkpo; ,yf;fpak;>
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 2 rdthp; 201
2010
 t iy c yh m wp tp g; G
,e;jg; gFjpapy;> gaDs;s kw;Wk;
Ritahd tiyg;gf;fq;fs; (Web sites),
 nghd;khiyg; nghOJ
tiyg;G+f;fs; (Web blogs) gw;wp khzhf;fh;fspd; gilg;ghw;wiy
mwpKfk; nra;fpd;Nwhk;. ntspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; thue;
gpioapd;wpj; jkpo; vOjyhk;
gpioapd; vOjyhk; NjhWk; Gjd; kw;Wk; nts;spf;
fpoikfspy; khiy 04.05 kzpKjy;
http://poonsarel.com/Tamil-agarathi-1.html 04.45 kzptiu fy;Y}hpg; Gy;ntsp
muq;fpy; nghd;khiyg; nghOJ
jkpopy; rpy nrhw;fis vOJk;NghJ epfo;rr
; p eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ.
mtw;Ws; ,lk;ngWk; z-d> u-w> y-o-s ,jpy; midj;Jj; Jiw
Mfpa vOj;Jf;fspy; vjid ,LtJ khzhf;fh;fSk; Nguhrphpah;fSk;
vd;gjpy; gyUf;Fk; Fog;gk; NehpLk;. fy;Y}hpg; gzpahsh;fSk; fye;J
nfhs;syhk;. NkYk; tpguq;fSf;Fj;
Nkw;Rl;lg;gl;Ls;s vOj;Jf;fshy; jkpo;jJ; iw KJepiy tphpTiuahsh;
xU nrhy; milAk; nghUs;NtWghL jpUkjp. b. ru];tjp mth;fis
Fwpj;J ehk; mwpe;Jnfhz;lhy;> ekf;F mZfTk;.
Vw;gLk; Fog;gj;ij vspjpy; jPhf
; f
; yhk;.
 fl;Liug; Nghl;b KbT
mg; nghUs;NtWghl;il mwpe;J brk;gh; khjk; ,uz;lhtJ
nfhs;s http://poonsarel.com/Tamil-agarathi- khjj;jpy;> tpbay; khj ,jo;
1.html vd;w tiyg;G+ cjTfpwJ. rhh;ghf xU fl;Liug; Nghl;b
mwptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. mjpy;
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,Ue;jhYk; mjpypUe;J tbtikg;G gphptpy; gq;Nfw;w Nghl;b ahsh;fSs;
rhh;eJ
; Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;Ls;sJ. fl;Liuapidr; rpwg;ghf
,j;jsj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfisg; gpujp vOjpatuhf Kjyhkhz;L tzpf
nra;Jnfhz;L mtw;iw mt;tg;NghJ tpay; (fzpdpg; gad;ghL) ‘M’ gphpT
gbj;J> nghUs;NtWghl;il kdj;jpy; khzth; Nr. fw;gfuh[; Njh;e;
,Uj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;. njLf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. mtuJ fl;Liu
gpg;uthp khj tpbay; ,jopy;
jkpopy; vOJk;NghJ z-d> u-w> ntspaplg;gLk;. ,f; fl;Liug;
y-o-s Mfpa vOj;Jf;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; Nghl;bapy; gq;Nfw;w midj;Jf;
Fog;gk; njsptila ,J xU rpwe;j fl;Liuahsh;fSf;Fk; tpbay; ed;wp
gapw;rpahf mikAk;. njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ.
jpU. g. rutzd;>
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 3 rdthp; 201

2010
 M a; T f; f l; L iu cotu; jpUehs;
ciof;Fk; jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ
 jkpoh; jpUehs; 
Kidth; n[. n[athzp= ciog;gpw;F cjtpa ,aw;if
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh; rf;jpfSf;Fk; jk;NkhL Nru;eJ
;
cioj;j fhy;eilfSf;Fk; jkJ
jkpou;fspd; Kjd;ikahd jpUehs;
ed;wpiaAk; kfpo;rr
; piaAk;
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njuptpf;Fk; tpoh coth; jpUehs;.
njhptpj;J> cwTfisf; fhZjy;>
cotu;fs; kioapd; cjtpahy; Mb
kQ;rs; Njhuzq;fs; fl;b> GJ
khjk; Kjy; cioj;Jr; Nru;jj ;
muprpapy; nghq;fy; nghq;fp> fUk;G
ney;iy khu;fopapy; tPlb; w;Ff;
cz;L nfhz;lhlg;gLk; nghq;fy; tpoh
nfhz;L te;J jkJ ciog;gpd;
ijg;nghq;fy; ij Kjy; ehs; md;W
gaid Efuj; njhlq;Fk; ehNs
jkpou;fshy; rpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhlg;gLk;
ijg;nghq;fy; MFk;. ,JNt
xU jdpg;ngUk; tpoh. jkpou; jpUehshf
ehsiltpy; ehd;F jpdq;fs;
jkpo;ehL> ,yq;if> kNyrpah> rpq;fg;G+u;
vdj; jkpou; thOk; midj;J nfhz;lhLk; ‘nghq;fy; jpUehs;’
ehLfspYk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. nfhz;lhl;lkhf khwpaJ.

ijg;nghq;fy; tuyhW Nghfp

rq;ffhyj;jpy; nghq;fypd;NghJ ij khj Kjy; ehs; nghq;fy;
ngz;fs; midtUk; ghit Nehd;G jpUehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mjd;
,Ug;ghu;fs;. ,J gQ;rghz;ltu; Kjy; ehs; Nghfpad;W> tPlb
; d;
fhyj;jpy; Gfo;ngw;wpUe;jJ. khu;fop $iuapy; G+yhg;G+ nrUFtu;.
khjk; KOtJk; ngz;fs; tpujk; me;ehspy; gioad fopj;J Gjpad
,Ug;ghu;fs;. ,e;j khj fhyj;jpy; ghy; GFjy; tof;fk;. ijg;nghq;fYf;F
kw;Wk; ghy; rhh;ej ; vg;nghUisAk; nghq;fYf;Fj; Njitahd
cz;zkhl;lhh;fs;. gpwh; kdk; nghUl;fisg; Nghfp md;Nw
NehFk;gbg; Ngr khl;lhu;fs;. jpdKk; thq;Fth;. gyu; Gjpa ghidia
Fspj;J> <u kz;zpy; nra;j fhj;ahadp thq;Ftu;. kf;fs; Gj;jhil thq;fpAk;
mk;kid tzq;Fthu;fs;. mWtil toq;fpAk; kfpo;tu;.
fhyj;jpy; ey;y kio nga;aTk; ehL
nropf;fTk; ngz;fs; ,e;j tpujj;ijf;
filg;gpbj;jhu;fs;. ij Kjy; jpdj;jpy;
,e;j tpujj;ij Kbg;gh;. ey;y
tpisr;ry; nfhLj;jikf;fhfg; G+kp>
R+upad;> coT khL Nghd;wtw;wpw;F
ed;wp njuptpf;Fk; tpjkhfr; ru;ff ; iug;
nghq;fy; gilj;J topgLfpd;wdh;.;
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 4 rdthp; 201
2010
 my;yJ fd;Wg; nghq;fy; vdTk;
ijg;nghq;fy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. kf;fspd; tho;tpy;
xd;wpa gRTf;F ed;wp
njuptpg;gjw;fhfTk; gRf;fspy;
vy;yhj; Njtu;fSk; ,Ug;gjhYk;
gRf;fis tzq;fp topgLk; ehshff;
nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;.

md;W khLfs; fl;Lk;

nghq;fyd;W mjpfhiy vOe;J njhOtj;jpidr; Rj;jk; nra;J
jiyf;Ff; Fspg;gh;.; tPlL ; Kw;wj;jpy; nfhs;thu;fs;. fhy;eilfis ePuhy;
Nfhyk; ,l;L mjd; eLtpy; ghid Rj;jk; nra;thu;fs;. khLfspd;
itg;gu;. Gjpa ghidf;Fg; Gjpa kQ;rs; nfhk;Gfisf; $uhfr; rPtpg;
nrbiaf; fhg;ghf mzptu;. Gjpa gsgsf;Fk; tifapy; tz;zk; G+rp>
fUk;igAk; Gjpa fha; fwpfisAk; nfhk;gpy; FQ;rk; my;yJ
md;W gad;gLj;Jtu;. Kw;wj;jpy; ryq;ifiaf; fl;Lthu;fs;.
Nfhykpl;L jiy thioapiyapy; fOj;Jf;Fj; Njhypyhd thu;
epiwFlk; itj;J tpsf;Nfw;wpf; gl;ilapy; ryq;ifiaf; fl;b
fjputid tzq;fpg; nghq;fyplj; moFgLj;Jthu;fs;. jpUePW G+rpAk;
njhlq;Ftu;. ,e;Jj; jkpou;fs; Fq;Fkg; nghl;bl;Lk; Gjpa
rhzj;jpy; gps;isahu; gpbj;Jk; %f;fzhq;fapW> jhk;Gf;fapW mzp
itg;ghu;fs;. GJg;ghidapy; GJ tpj;J moF nra;thu;fs;.
muprpapl;L Kw;wj;jpy; nghq;f
itg;ghu;fs;. nghq;fy; nghq;fp tUk; coTf;fUtpfisr; Rj;jk; nra;J
Ntisapy; FLk;gj; jiytd;> kidtp re;jdk;> Fq;Fkk; itg;ghu;fs;.
kf;fSld; $b epd;W "nghq;fNyh jhk;ghsj; jl;Lfspy; Njhl;lk;>
nghq;fy;! nghq;fNyh nghq;fy;!" vd;W fhLfspy; tpise;j gapu;> gr;irfis
cuf;ff; $tp muprpia ,UiffshYk; itj;Jk; Njq;fha;> G+> gok;> ehl;Lr;
ms;spg; ghidapy; ,Ltu;. jdJ ru;ff; iu vd vy;yhtw;iwAk;
Kjw;gaidf; fjputDf;Fg; gilj;Jg; G+i[f;fhf vLj;J itg;ghu;fs;.
gpd; FLk;gj;jhUf;Fk; Rw;wj;jhUf;Fk; njhOtj;jpNyNa nghq;fy; nghq;fp
nfhLj;j gpd;Ng jhd; Efu;tu;. ,J fw;G+u jPghuhjid fhl;lg;gLk;. ,jd;
jkpoupd; gz;ghlhfj; njhd;Wnjhl;L gpd; gR> fhis> vUik vd
cs;sJ. midj;J fhy;eilfSf;Fk;
nghq;fy;> thiog;gok; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.
khl;Lg;nghq;fy; ,g;NghJk; jkpo;ehl;bd; njd;
khl;Lg;nghq;fy; vd;gJ ijg;nghq;fy; khtl;lq;fspy; fhis gpbf;Fk;
ehspd; kWehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; xU [y;ypf;fl;L tpisahl;L ,e;ehspy;
gz;bif MFk;. ,J gl;bg; nghq;fy; eilngWk;.
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 5 rdthp; 201
2010
 fhZk; nghq;fy; G j; jh z; L
fhZk; nghq;fy; vd;gJ nghq;fy;
nfhz;lhl;lq;fspy; ehd;fhtJ ehs; 2010 Mk; Mz;Lf;F tuNtw;G kly; 
2010
,lk;ngWk; tpoh MFk;. fhZk; mDg;Geh;
nghq;fiyf; fd;dpg; nghq;fy; my;yJ rp. ghf;fpNa];thp
fZg; gz;bif vd;Wk; miog;gu;. ,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L fzpjk;
cw;whu;> cwtpdu;> ez;gu;fisf; (fzpdp gad;ghL)
fhZjy; kw;Wk; ngupNahu; Mrp ngWjy; Nf.v];.Mh;. fiy kw;Wk; mwptpay;
vd;gd mlq;Fk;. gy;NtW tpisahl;Lg; fy;Y}hp (jd;dhl;rp)
jpUr;nrq;NfhL
Nghl;bfs;> gl;b kd;wk;> cup mbj;jy;>
tOf;F kuk; VWjy; vd;W tPu rhfrg;
ngWeh;
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fhyk; fhydp>
,J ngz;fSf;F Kf;fpakhd ,aw;ifA+h;.
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itf;Fk;NghJ mjpy; GJ kQ;rs; md;Gs;s Gj;jhz;Nl!
nfhj;jpid fl;b mjid vLj;J Kjpa eP vg;NghJ tUtha; vd xt;nthU
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; f
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,ioj;J ghjj;jpy; Kfj;jpy; Gul;b vdf;F> tUlj;jpy; xU Kiw
G+rpf;nfhs;thu;fs;. kl;LNk gpwe;j ehs; tUk;. cdf;F
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jkpou;fshy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ke;jpuf;fhhpNa ! vd; gpwe;j ehis
nghq;fy;> ciof;Fk; kf;fs; ehd; kl;LNk nfhz;lhLfpNwd;. cd;
,aw;iff;Fk; kw;w capu;fSf;Fk; gpwe;j ehis cyfnkq;Fk;
nrhy;Yk; xU ed;wpr; nray;ghlhff; nfhz;lhLk; ke;jpuj;ij vq;Nf
nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. fw;wha;? me;j ke;jpuj;ij vdf;F
kl;Lk; nrhy;.
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njhy;tof;F efu ehfhpfj;jpYk; Mz;Lfs; thoyhk;. Mdhy; eP> gy
iftplg;glhky; gpd;gw;wp tUtJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G gpwe;J> ,d;W
kfpo;itj; jUfpwJ. tiu eykhfNt tho;fpwha;. ,wg;G
,y;yhj gpwtp ePNa. cd;idg; Nghy;

tho vdf;Fk; Mir. cdf;F vd;
,jak; fdpe;j tho;jJ ; fs;.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 6 rdthp; 201

2010
 E} y; m wp K f k;; ngw;w Xh; mw;Gjkhd kdpjh;”
vd;Wiug;gh;.
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njhz;ldhfr; nray;gl;lhYk;
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NghyNt nray;gLgth;. ,jid
,d;iwf;F kdpjNeak;> kjNeak;
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nray;fs; kiwe;J kjhgpkhdr;
rlq;Ffs; NkNyhq;fp tpl;ld.
kPzL; k; xU nghpahh; Ntz;Lk;
vd;whYk; me;jg; gzpiar; nra;fpw
nghpahhpd; njhz;luhf ehuhazrhkp
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P f; h; ehuhazrhkp’ vd K. njd;dtd; (Kd;dhs; mikr;rh;).
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njhz;ld;. gFj;jwpTr; nrk;ky;>
,thpd; nfhs;ifr; rpwg;ig> “,th;
jpUf;Fws; Ma;thsh;> jkpo;r; nrk;ky;
ehuhazd;> rhkp gf;jd; my;y.
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JQ;rhJ> grp Nehf;fhJ> mQ;rhJ>
,uhk tPug;gd;> “jkpopy; ey;y Gyik mauhJ> jaq;fhJ> jsuhJ> ghLgLk;
ngw;wth;fNshL Nghl;b NghLfpw nghpahhpd; thpfSf;F chpath;.
tifapy; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;W Ma;eJ ; Fws; top elf;Fk; Fd;W epfh;
mjw;Fg; Gjpa ciufs; fhZfpw Njhs; typT nfhz;l nfhs;ifr;
mwpthw;wiyg; ngw;wtuhf
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tpsq;FtJjhd; kpfr; rpwe;j tsh;rr ; p”
vd;W Fwpf;fpd;whh;. 22.06.2003,y; fhiuf;Fbapy;
,tUf;Fg; ghuhl;L tpoh
jpU. ny. ehuhazrhkp mth;fs; elj;jpAs;sdh;.
rKjha ey;ypzf;fk; cilath;.
rd; b.tp. ‘tzf;fk; jkpofk;’
,jid “jd;id ehj;jpfh; vd;W epfo;rr; papy;; ,tuJ Ngl;bia
nrhy;yp mg;gbNa gpd;gw;wpdhYk; xspgug;Gr; nra;Js;sJ.
mjw;F khWgl;l fUj; Js;sth;fSk;
kJiu – jpUf;Fws; Nguit>
ek;kth;fs;jhd; ez;gh;fs;jhd;
jpU ny. ehuhazrhkpapd; Ma;Tr;
Njhoh;fs;jhd; vd;W nrhy;yp rKjha
nrhw;nghopit epfo;j;jpAs;sJ.
ey;ypzf;fj;NjhL goFfpw gz;igg;
,tuJ ,e;E}y; 22.06.2003 ,y;
Kd;dhs; mikr;rh; ,uhk.tPug;gd;
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 7 rdthp; 201
2010
jiyikapy; jtj;jpU Fd;wf;Fb (f)tpij
tpijfSk;
ijfSk; tpUl
tpUlr
; q;fSk;
nghd;dk;gy mbfshh; Kd;dpiyapy;  ngz;zpathpfs;
pathpfs;; 
ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. nry;tp. r. ghf;fpay~;
pay~;kp
kp
,e;E}ypd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jiuf;Fk; jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;
,lj;J> “,yf;fpaj; njhlh;G
,y;yhjth;fisAk; $l ,yf;fpag; khyjp ikj;hp
ghh;itf;Fj; J}z;Lk; mhpa-rpwpa E}y;”
vd;Wiug;gh;. ,jDs;>
1. ehd; fhZk; ts;Sth;
2. ehj;jpfKk; Mj;jpfKk;
3. jpUf;FwSk; flTs; tho;jJ ; k;
vDk; %d;W jiyg;Gfspy; ,J ngz;fs; Afk;. ngz;fNs
Ma;Tiufs; cs;sd. ,jpy; jq;fSf;fhd muq;if> nkhopia
ts;Stiug; gFj;jwpthsuhfg; tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;sj; njhlq;fp
ghh;ff
; pwhh;. ts;Sth; fhyk; nja;t As;sdh;. jdf;Nf chpj;jhd ftpij
ek;gpf;if kpFjpahf cila fhyk; nkhopfisf; fz;Lzh;eJ ; vOjp
vd;Wk; me;j vz;zj;ijg; Nghf;fp tUk; ,d;iwa ngz; ftpQh;fSs;
ey;y nray;fNs ty;yik jUk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth; khyjp ikj;hp.
Mw;wy; vd;gij cyfpw;F ciuj;jth; FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs; ftpr;
ts;Sth; vd;Wk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh;. rKjhaj;jpy; jd;id epiyepWj;jpf;
ehj;jpfk; kw;Wk; Mj;jpfk; nfhz;l ,thpd; ftpijfs; fdpTk;
vd;gjw;fhd tpsf;fk; Ntnwq;Fk; typAk; jJk;gpait. kdpjh;fspd;
fhz;gjw;fhpa tpsf;fkhf cs;sJ. mf kd Xl;lq;fSk; r%fr;
ts;Stj;jpy; cs;s flTs; tho;jJ ; R+o;epiyfSk; ,thpd; ftpijfspy;
vd;gijr; rpe;jpj;j ,t;twpQh; Fws; ghLnghUshf kpsph;fpd;wd.
ts;StUilaJ. Mdhy; ‘flTs; GJit khepyj;ijr; Nrh;ej
;
tho;jJ; ’ vDk; mjpfhuj;jiyg;G ,thpd; Kjy; rpWfijahd
ts;Sth; ,l;ljy;y vd;W El;gj;Jld; “gpuahzk;” fizahopapy; 1988
ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shh;. ,y; gpuRukhdJ. ,thpd; ftpijj;
nghJthf midtUk; gbf;f njhFg;Gfs; rq;fuhguzp (2001)>
Ntz;ba E}y;. Gjpa Nfhzq;fspy; ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF (2003)> ePyp
rpe;jid nra;NthUf;F ,e;E}y; mhpa (2005) MfpadthFk;. rq;fuh
nghpa itg;ghf mikAk;. guzpf;Fj; jpUg;G+h; jkpo;rr
; q;fk;
E}yhrphpaiu tzq;fp kfpo;eJ
; tpUJk; GJit murpd; fk;gd; Gfo;
ghuhl;LfpNwd;. tpUJk; fpilj;Js;sd.
Kidth; j. fz;zd; ‘gwj;jy; mjd; Rje;jpuk;’ kw;Wk;
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;
‘mzq;F’ vd;w fl;Liu E}y;fspd;


njhFg;ghrphpah;fSs; xUtuha;
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 8 rdthp; 201
2010
tpsq;fpLk; ,th;> ‘fpuzk;’ $ohq; fy;ypd; yaj;Jld;
ntspaPll; fj;jpd; gjpg;ghsUkhthh;. ghbf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;
gfnyy;yhk; igj;jpaf;fhhp” (ePyp>p>g.36)
‘mkPgh’ vd;w rpw;wpjioAk; ,th;
xU fhyj;jpy; Gdpjkhfj; jpfo;ej ;
elj;jpAs;shh;.
G+kp ,d;W nfh^u epfo;Tfshy;
mZrf;j ; p vjph;gg
; paf;fk;> kf;fs;
epuk;gp topfpd;wJ. VNjh xU rhgk;
fy;tp ,af;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,ize;J
,e;jg; G+kp kPJ nky;yf; ftpe;J
nrayhw;wptUk; ,th;> ngz;zpar;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mt;thW gy
nray;ghLfspYk; tpthjq;fspYk;
rpijTfspdhYk; typapd; jlaq;
ehl;lKilath;. ,thpd; ftpijfisf;
fshYk; epuk;gp topAk; fhyj;ij
fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfKk; fhyr;RtL
nkhopg;gLj;Jk; ftpijahf
khj,jOk; njhlh;eJ ; ntspapl;L
,f;ftpij mike;Js;sJ.
nkUNfw;w Kidtjpy; tpag;nghd;Wk;
,d;iwa rKjhaj;jpy; Mjutw;w
,y;iy.
ngz;fSf;nfd;W MWjy; vJTNk
xU ghh;itahshpd; ntspg;
,y;iy. vy;yhg; gpuhh;jj ; idg;
ghLfshf my;yhky; gq;Nfw;ghshpd;
ghly;fSk; eKj;Jg; Ngha; tpl;ld.
mDgtq;fshf kpd;Dk; mthpd;
rKjhaj;jpy; mth;fs; Xl Xl
ftpijj; JspfSs; rpytw;iw ,q;Nf
tpul;lg;gLfpd;whh;fs; vd;w frg;ghd
njhFj;jspj;Js;Nsd;.
cz;ikia ek; kdk; ciwe;J
Efh; nghUs;
NghFk; tz;zk; thh;j;ijfshy;
“ /Ngh; mz;l; yt;;yp Kfk; ,f;ftpijia tbtikj;jpUf;fpwhh;
fpspdpf; g;s]; $e;jy;
ikj;hp….
yf;]; gl;L Nghd;w rUkk;
Inlf;]; fz;fs; ,f;ftpijapy; tUk; igj;jpaf;fhhp
,khkp ,jo;fs; ek;ikr; R+d;aj;jpd; tpspk;gpy;
yf;Nk efq;fs; nfhz;LNgha; epWj;Jfpwhs; vd;W
yypjhtpd; Mguzq;fs; $wpdhy; mJ kpifay;y.
ey;ypapd; Milfs; ,jd; Kuz;ghlha; tpsq;fpLk;
rutzhtpd; rPh; thpir mthpd; kw;Nwhh; nrhw;rpj;jpuk; ,Njh
ehnshU NkdpAk; ,q;Nf. ftdj;NjhL gbAq;fs;.
nghOnjhU tz;zKkhf
mtisg; Nghd;W ,ts;
cwthbajpy;iy ,tw;Wld;
vd;whYk; igj;jpaf;fhhp my;y. ,ts;….
mts; Kd;Nd kPdf
; hhp
,uh[ Fkhuh;fs; “fhl;Lf; Fjpiunad gwg;ghs;
gphpahzpg; nghl;lyj;Jld; jpdKk; Kg;gJ iky;fshtJ
Njhd;Wfpwhh;fs; gpd;dputpy; jiyr; RikAld;
tPjpNahukhf mkh;eJ; kiontapypy;
Ngd;fs; cjpUk; rpjwhg; gid Nghy
jiyiar; nrhwpe;j gb kPd; tpw;W jpUk;Gifapy;
jfuf; Ftisapy; cUSk; $ilapy; rphpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 9 rdthp; 201

2010
 xU nkhe;ij fs; nfhQ;rk; Nghy ,Ul;lj; njhlq;f
MdhYk; fapWfspd; topNa ,wq;fpa epyh
Ryfpy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; vd; clk;ngy;yhk; tope;jJ
xU nfhLthf; fj;jp”(rq;fuhguzp>
uhguzp> g.20) Fsphpy; ntlntlf;Fk; clk;gpy;
rKjhaj;jpy; kdpj kpUfq;fshy; Xl Kj;J Kj;jhf el;rj;jpuq;fs;
Xl tpul;lg;gl;Lf; nfhy;yg;gLk; G+j;Jf; FYq;f
CQ;rypd; Ntfk;
ngz;zhdts; ntFz;nlOe;J
Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; NkYk; fPOk;
cf;fpuf; fz;fNshL ve;j nthd;iwAk;
ntspnay;yhk; vdJ tpir”
vjph;nfhs;sj; jahuhfp tpl;lhs; vd;w
(ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF>
cyF>g.25)
fUj;jpid czh;jj ; ,f; ftpij r%f tag;gl;l kdpj cliy
jtwtpy;iy. G+nthd;W Gayhdhy; kPzL ; k; mjd; ,aw;if tag;gl;l
Afj;jpy; epfof; $ba khw;wq;fis epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;y tpioAk;
mofhf> Mokhf jk; ghLnghUspdhy; ftpQhpd; czh;tpid ,f;ftpijapy;
czh;jJ ; tjpy; ntw;wp fz;Ls;shh; ek;khy; czu KbfpwJ.
khyjp. gQ;r G+jq;fshd kdpj cly;
rKjhar; rpf;fy;fisj; jpwk;gl r%fg; gz;ghl;L fhuz-fhhpa
czh;jJ ; tjpy; if Njh;ej
; tuha; kjpg;gLP fis topelj;Jk; -
tpsq;fpLk; ,th; rw;Nw tpj;jp nray;gLj;Jk; - flj;Jk; Clfkhf
ahrkhdth;. ,tuJ ftpij ntspaPlL ; khwpapUf;fpwJ.
KiwAk; ahiuAk; rhh;ej
; jhf ,tw;wpd; td;Kiwfspy; ,Ue;J
epidT+l;Ltjhf mikahJ jdpj; vspa kdpj cliy kPl;L> mjd;
JtKk; GJikAk; nfhz;ljhf ,aw;if tpjpfSf;F Ml;gl;l
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jw;F kw;WNkhh; Nghpaf;fj;jpy; xd;wtpLk; vj;
rhl;rpahfg; gpd;tUk; ftpij thpfs; jdpg;ghf ,f;ftpij mike;Js;sJ.
mikfpd;wd. tho;fi ; f Roypy; rpf;fpg; Nghuhbj;
CQ;ry; jtpf;Fk; xUngz;zpd; kd
“fapWfspd; Kid czh;Tfis ek;gpf;ifapd; ghij
vq;fpUe;J ,wq;Ffpd;wd vdj; apy; ntspg;gLj;jpdhYk; jpUk;g
njhpatpy;iy ,aw;if NahL fye;Jtplj; Jbf;Fk;
ePy Moj;Jf;Fs; ghh;it
mtsJ jtpg;gpidj; jdf;Nf
mila Kbahj; J}uk;
chpj;jhd GJikahd thpfspy;
gyifapy; mkh;eJ ; MLfpNwd;
Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; NkYk; fPOk; nrhy;ypr; nrd;Ws;shh; ftpQh; khyjp
CQ;rypd; Ntfk; Xa;ej ; NghJ ikj;hp.
vd; jiy Nky; nfhQ;rk; Nkfk; xU ghidr; Nrhw;Wf;F xUNrhW
njhj;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gJ njhpe;jJ gjk;. ikj;hpapd; ftpijfs; kfj;J
kPzL; k; ce;jpa Ntfj;jpy; tkhdit vd;gjw;F Nkw;fz;l
Nkw;fpy; ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ftpijfNs rhl;rp.
ghpjpiaf; fhy;tpuy; Kidfs; (tsUk;);
njhl;L kPzl ; d

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 10 rdthp; 201

2010
 vq;fs; Njhoh;fs; gyiu
E} y f M a; T mioj;Jr; nrd;W> gy ehl;fshfpAk;
kPzL; k; vq;fsplk; Nrh;f
; f
; hky;
Kjd;
ekJ fy;Y}hp Kj E}yfj;
d;ik E}yf j;jpy; jq;fsplNk itj;jpUg;gth;fs;
cs;s rpwg;ghd trjpfs; kw;Wk; mjd; vz;zpf;if 75. mth;fSs;>
Jhpj Nrit Fwpj;Jj; njhlh;rr ; pahf ,sq;fiy gapy;Nthh; 22NgUk;
tpbaypy; ntspapl;LtUfpd;Nwhk;. KJfiy gapy;Nthh; 19NgUk;
,j;jifa Ma;Tfs; ahiuAk; Gz;gLj; Mrphpah;fs; 34NgUk; mlq;Fth;.
Jtjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLgit
my;y; ek;ikehNk Rag
RaghpNrhjid $ba tpiutpy; mth;fisj;
nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfj;jhd;. jq;fs; tPl;Lr; rpiwapypUe;J
tpLtpj;J> vq;fsplk; xg;gilj;jhy;
mth;fis kw;wth;fs; vLj;Jg;
 E}y;fspd; thf;F%yk;  gad;gLj;j trjpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
tpbay;
tpbay; khzth; FO
jq;fSld; mioj;Jr; nrd;W
,f;fy;Y}hp E}yfj;jpypUe;J vq;fs; Njhoh;fisj; njhiyj;
vq;fis vLj;Jg; gad;gLj;Jk; jth;fs; ,Uth;. xUth; KJfiy
chpikapid tpUk;gpg; ngw;wth;fs; gapYk; khzth;. kw;nwhUth;
nkhj;jk; 3>479. mth;fSs;> ,sq;fiy Mrphpah;.
gapy;Nthh; 2>478NgUk; KJfiy
gapy;Nthh; 746NgUk; Muha;rr; p vq;fs; gyNk vq;fspd; juj;jpYk;
khzth;fs; 12 NgUk; Mrphpah;fs; vz;zpf;ifapYk;jhd; cs;sJ.
227NgUk; Mrphpah; my;yhj njhiyj;j Njhoh;fisf; fz;L
gzpahsh;fs; 16 NgUk;; mlq;Fth;. gpbj;Jj; jhUq;fs; my;yJ
mth;fSf;F ,izahd Njhoh;
3>479Nghpy; fle;j MWkhj fhy fisahtJ vq;fsplk; xg;
vy;iyapy; vq;fisf; fhz tuhNjhh; gilAq;fs;.
40Ngh;. mth;fSs; ,sq;fiy
gapy;Nthh; 35NgUk; KJfiy ,f;Nfhhpf;iffs; vq;fSf;fhf
gapy;Nthh; ItUk; mlq;Fth;.
my;y; cq;fSf;fhfj; jhd;.
Vnddpy;> ehq;fs; vq;fSf;fhf
vq;fisr; re;jpj;j 3>439Nghpy;
,Ug;gth;fs; my;y; ehq;fs;
vq;fSs; xUtiuAk; mioj;Jr;
cq;fSf;fhf ,Ug;gth;fs;.
nry;yhNjhh; vz;zpf;if 62.
(thf;F%yk; njhlUk;)
mth;fSs; ,sq;fiy gapy;Nthh;
45NgUk; KJfiy gapy;Nthh; 17NgUk;
mlq;Fth;.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 11 rdthp; 201

2010
 Nghuhl;lk; nra;jhh;. ,jidf;
 nydpd;  fz;bj;J mf; fy;Y}hp eph;thfk;
mtiug; gbg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fpaJ.
j. jPgh
,sq;fiy jkpo; ,uz;lhkhz;L gpd;dh; muR ,tiuf; ifJ nra;J
nfhf;fp~;fpNdh vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpw;F
nydpd; 1870 Mk; Mz;L Vg;uy; 10 mDg;gpaJ. mJ ntspAyf
Mk; ehs; u~;a ehl;by; thy;fh njhlh;G mw;w fpuhkk;. mq;F
ejpf;fiuapy; rPkg ; hP ]
; ;f; vDk; efhpy; mtUf;F Xuhz;L fhyk; fope;jJ.
gpwe;jhh;. mtUila je;ij ‘,y;ah gpd; mth; NkYk; gapy
epf;fyhnatpr; cy;ahdt;> jha; khPah gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; mDkjpNfhhpdhh;.
mnyf; rhe;jput;dh. nydpDf;Fg; mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;
ngw;Nwhh; ,l;lngah; ‘tpshjpkPh; ,y;apr; gPll
; h;]g; h;f; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
gbf;f mtUf;F mDkjp fpilj;jJ.
cy;ahdt;’
1892 Mk; Mz;L
vd;gjhFk;. mth;fspd;
rkhuh khtl;l ePjp
FLk;gk; kpfTk;
kd;wj;jpy; tof;
tWik epiyapy;
fwpQuhfg; gzpiaj;
,Ue;jJ.
njhlq;fpdhh;.
nydpd; rpwe;j
gpd;dh; gy;NtW
khztuhfTk;>
nkhopfisf; fw;Wj;
rfkhzth;fSf;F
Njwpdhh;. kdpjid
ez;guhfTk; jpfoe;jhh;. ,th;
kdpjd; tQ;rpf;fhj> Ruz;lyw;w
rPkg
; hP ]
; f
; ; cah;epiyg;gs;spapy; Kjy;
Nrhryp~ rKjhak; cUthf
kjpg;ngz; ngw;W> ghpRfSk;
njhopyhsh; th;f;fj;ijj; jpul;bdhh;.
jq;fg;gjf;fKk; ngw;whh;. ,th;
F&g;]f ; ah vd;w ngz; nydpd;
mf;fhy u~;ahtpd; Gfo;ngw;w
tho;f;ifj; Jiztpahf khwpdhh;;.
mwpQh;fspd; gilg;Gf;fis Mh;tKld;
nydpd; jd;; JiztpahUld;;
gapd;whh;. jpBnud epfo;ej ; je;ij>
tptrhapfSf;fhfg; gy;NtW
jhapd;; kuzq;fs; nydpid kpfTk;
Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jp> u~;ahtpy;
ghjpj;jd. u~;a ehl;by; rhh; murpd;
njhopyhsh; Gul;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhh;.
nfhLq;Nfhd;ikia vjph;jJ
;
u~;ahtpy; Gul;rpfukhd nra;jpj;
mf;fhyj;jpy; Xh; ,ufrpa mikg;G
jhisAk; njhlq;fpdhh;. u];a
,aq;fp te;jJ. mjd; ngah;
kf;fSf;fhf mUk;ghLgl;l nydp
“eNuhj;dahNthy;ah”. ,jd; nghUs; id> u~;ahitr; Nrh;e;j ngz;
‘kf;fs; tpUg;gk;’ vd;gjhFk;. jPtputhjp xUth; Jg;ghf;fpahy;
,r;R+oypy; ,th; gs;sp gbg;ig Kbj;J Rl;lhh;. ,jdhy; cly;eyk;
frhd; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L> 1924 Mk; Mz;L
Nky;gbg;Gf;Fr; Nrh;ej ; hh;. ehd;F rdthp jpq;fs; 21 Mk; ehs; mth;
khjq;fspNy khzth;fSld; ,ize;J ,we;jhh;.
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 12 rdthp; 201
2010
 khh;fr ; pa topapy; murpay;> • vd;fij (jd;tuyhW)>
nghUshjhuk;> jj;Jtk; Mfpa %d;W • jpUf;Fws; (GJciu)
KidapYk; cyfj; njhopyhsh;
• ,th; vOjp ntsptuhj Gjpdk;
th;ff; j;jpw;F fUj;Jf;fis toq;fpa
me;j khNkij jdJ nray;fisAk; • ‘n[aNk n[ak;’
rpe;jidiaAk; njhlu Kbahky; ,tuJ ghly;fs;:
kiwe;jhh;. mtuJ gilg;Gfs; ,d;Wk;  Njrgf;jpg; ghly;fs;>
caph;gG ; ld; Rlh;fpd;wd. mtuJ cly;  gpuhh;jj; id>
gjg;gLj; jg;gl;L ,d;wTk; kf;fs;  jkpopd; ,d;gk;>
ghh;itf;fhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.  fhe;jp mQ;ryp>
nydppd;
rdthp khjk; 21Mk; ehs; nyd  kyh;ej ; G+f;fs;>
epidTjpdk;.  ftpjhQ;ryp>

 rq;F>
ep id t iy f s ;  jkpo; kzk;>
ehkf;fy; ftpQh;  jkpo;jN ; jd;>
 nt. ,uhkypq;
,uhkypq;fk; gps;is   ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs;
Nj. Nkhfd;uh[;>
Kjyhz;L tzpftpay; Jiw ,th; fhe;jpabfs; elj;jpa cg;Gr;
rj;jpahfpufj;jpy; gq;Nfw;W
rpiwj;jz;lid ngw;whh;. cg;G
rj;jpahfpufj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wNghJ
topneLf ‘fj;jpapd;wp ,uj;jkpd;wp
Aj;jk; xd;W tUFJ’ vd;w ghliy
,aw;wpg; ghbdhh;.;
,th; ehkf;fy; mUNfAs;s 1949 ,y; nrd;id khepy
NkhfD}hpy; ntq;fl;uhkd; - mk; muritf; ftpQuhdhh;.
kzpak;khs; jk;gjpaUf;F kfdhfg; 1953,y; rhfpj;a mfhnlkp
(09-10-1888) gpwe;jhh;. ,irg; ghq;Fila cWg;gpduhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.
fhe;jpa ehl;Lg;gw;W ghly;fis 1961-1962 Mk; Mz;Lfspy;
kpFjpahfg; ghbAs;shh;. njhlq;fp ,UKiw rl;lNkyit
rpwpJ fhyk; Mrphpauhfg; gzp cWg;gpduhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
ahw;wpdhh;. rpwe;j Xtpaf; 1971 ,y; gj;kG+~d; gl;lk;
fiyQUkhthh;. ma;ej; hk; [hh;[; ngw;whh;.
kd;dhplk; jhd; tiue;j ,uhkypq;fk; mth;fs; 24.08.1972
Xtpaj;jpw;fhfg; nghw;gjf;fk; ngw;whh;.; Mk; Mz;L caph;ej P j
; hh;.
,tuJ E}y;fs; :
• mtDk; mtSk; (fhg;gpak;)

• kiyf;fs;sd; (Gjpdk;)>

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 13 rdthp; 201

2010
 Ne h; fh z y; fpilahJ. xU ftpijapd; juj;ij
eph;zapg;gJ mjd; fUj;Njh>
 ftpQh; f. Nkhfduq;fd; 
tbtNkh my;y mjd;
tpOg;Guk; khtl;lk;; murk;gl;L ftpj;Jtk;jhd;. ftpj;Jtj;NjhL
vd;w rpWfpuhkj;jpy; 1967 Mk;
Mz;L gpwe;jhh;. nghwpapaypy; mikAk; thpfs; vJthapDk; mJ
gl;lk; ngw;W> ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; ftpijjhd;. ftpj;Jtj;ij jk;
itag;g kiy muR Nkdpiyg;
gs;spapy; njhopw;fy;tp Mrphpauhdhh;.; nrhe;j uridapd; topahfNt xUth;
neLtopj;jd;ik> ,lk;ngah;ej ; fly; czu KbAk;. czu Kbe;j
vd ,uz;L ftpijj; njhFg;Gk;
nrhy;-; nghUs;-nksdk; vd;w mstpw;F mij KOtJkhf tpsf;f
fl;Liuj; njhFjpAk; ,tuJ gilg;G KbahJ.
fshFk;. ftpijf;fhf Njtkfs;
mwf;fl;lis tpUJk; fhyr; RtL etPd ftpijiag; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ehk;
mwf;fl;lisapd; Re;ju uhkrhkp vj;jifa Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;s
epidTg; ghpRk; ngw;Ws;shh;. Ntz;Lk;?
GJf;ftpijf;Fk; etPd ftpijf;Fkhd ftpij vd;gJ xd;iwr;
cwT vj;jifaJ? nrhy;tjd; thapyhfg; gpwpnjhd;iw
1950 fspd; Jtf;fj;jpy; ahg;G czh;jJ ; tJ. mjd; thh;ji; j
,yf;fzj;ij tpLj;J vOjg;gl;l fSf;F mg;gbNa Neubahfg;
ftpijfSf;F RNar;rh ftpij> nghUs; nfhs;s KbahJ.
trdftpij> ahg;gw;w ftpij vdg; thh;ji; jfSf;F ,izahf
gyngah;fs; toq;fg;gl;L te;jd. mtw;wpw;F ,ilapYs;s nksdq;
f.eh.R jhd; mjw;F Kjd; Kjypy; fisAk; Nrh;jJ ; g; nghUs; nfhs;s
‘GJf;ftpij’ vdg; ngah; R+l;bdhh;. Ntz;Lk;. ftpij vd;gJ
gpd;dh; mJNt epiyj;Jtpl;lJ. ghi~f;Fs; ,aq;Fk; ,d;ndhU
etPdk; vd;gjw;Ff; fhyj;jhy; GjpJ ghpghi~. MfNt mijg; Ghpe;J
vd;Nw nghUs;. Mjyhy; GJf;ftpij nfhs;s <LghLk; gapw;rpAk;
vd;whYk; etPd ftpij vd;whYk; Kaw;rpAk; $lNt nfhQ;rk;
xd;Wjhd;. Mdhy; etPdj;Jtk; fw;gidj; jpwDk; Njit. xU
(MODERNITY) vd;why; mJ ,uz;lhk; Foe;ijia mZFtijg; NghyNt
cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpd; Nkw;fj;jpa ftpijia mZf Ntz;Lk;.
ehLfspy; cUthf;fg;gl;L cq;fs; gbg;G> gjtp> gzk;> taJ
,yf;fpaj;jpy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l xU vJTk; xU Foe;ijaplk; nry;yhJ.
rpe;jidf; Nfhl;ghl;bidf; Fwpf;Fk;. ePqf; s; cq;fs; cauj;jpypUe;J
etPd ftpijfSf;fhd tiuaiw ahJ? ,wq;fp te;J mf;Foe;ijNahL
,d;iwa kdpjdpd; czh;Tfis> Foe;ijahf tpisahbdhy; kl;LNk
gpur;rpidfis> Fog;gq;fis> mJ cq;fisg; ghh;jJ; g;
mwpjy;fis ,d;iwa nkhopapy; Kd; Gd;diff;Fk;.
itg;gjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; jq;fsJ ftpijfspd; xl;Lnkhj;j
vd;gjw;fg;ghy; etPd ftpijf;F ikag;nghUs; vd;d?
jpl;ltl;lkhd tiuaiw vJTk;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 14 rdthp; 201

2010
 mg;gbg;gl;l xl;Lnkhj;j ikag; miyfis vOg;GfpwJ. me;j
nghUs; vJTk; vd; ftpijfSf;F miyfspd; tp];juP zk; Fsj;jpd;
,y;iy. gy;NtW kdepiyfspy; Moj;ijAk;> mfyj;ijAk;> fy;ypd;
vd;idg; ghjpj;j gy tp~aq;fs; vd; nghUz; ikAk; Nghd;wJ. uridAk;
ftpijfSf;fhd fw;gidj; jpwDk; kpf;f xUtDf;Nf
fUg;nghUshfpapUf;fpd;wd. ftpg; nghUs; $Ljyhf mh;jj ; khFk;.
jq;fsJ tpkh;rdf; fl;Liufs; jq;fspd; fzpad; G+q;Fd;wdpd; gpugykhd
ftpijg; fistpl
gilg;Gfis tplg;
tpl g; gutyhf ftpijahd ‘ahJk; CNu’
mwpag;gl;ljd; fhuzk; vd;d?
ftpijia vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;.
vd; ftpijfisf; fhl;bYk;
mjpy; ,uz;L thpfs; nghpNahiu
fl;Liufspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfNk.
tpaj;jYk; ,yNk rpwpNahiu
ftpijfis ehdhf tpUk;gp
,fo;jy; mjdpDk; ,yNk. ,jpy;
Njhd;Wk;NghJ vOJfpNwd;. fl;Liufs;
‘mjdpDk;’ vd;w thh;ji; j
midj;Jk; ez;gh;fspd; Ntz;L
apdhy;jhd; ,t;thpfspd; ftpj;Jtk;
NfhSf;fpzq;f gj;jphpf;iffSf;fhfTk;
gpwf;fpwJ. Vd; vd NahrpAq;fs;.
fUj;juq;FfSf;fhfTk; vOJtJ.
jq;fSf;Fg; gpbj;j ftpQh; ahh;? ve;j
tpkh;rdf; fl;Liufisf; fhl;bYk;
tifapy;?
ftpijfSf;F MAs; kpf mjpfk;.
vdf;Fg; gpukPs>; gRta;ah>
vdNt> tpkh;rfd; vd;gijf; fhl;bYk;
NjtNjtd;> tpf;fpukhjpj;ad;> fyhg;
ftpQdhf mwpag;glNt ehd;
gphpah> RFkhud;> rkafNty;> A+kh
tpUk;GfpNwd;.
thRfp> gpuhd;]p]; fpUgh> ,ir
rkfhy khztf; ftpQh;fSf;F jhq;fs;
vdg; gy ftpQh;fisg; gpbf;Fk;.
$w tpUk;GtJ vd;d?
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ghh;it> eil>
ftpij vOjNtz;Lk; vd;w
Mok;> nkhop vd xt;nthU
cj;Ntfk; xU gpj;J Nghy; cq;fisg;
jdpj;jd;ik cz;L.
gpbj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. cq;fSf;
jkpo;ff; tpijapd; jw;fhyg; Nghf;F
fhfNt ePqf ; s; vOj Ntz;Lk;. jtpu>
vt;tifapy; cs;sJ?
gpwiuf; ftUtjw; fhfNth>
kpf MNuhf;fpakhf cs;sJ.
GfOf;fhfNth vOj Kayf; $lhJ.
Kd;ndg;NghijAk; tpl ngz;fs;>
nrhw;fspd; kjpg;G mwpe;J gad;gLj;j
jypj;J; fs;> tpspk;G epiy kf;fs;
Ntz;Lk;. xU thp vOJk; Kd;G xU
MfpNahhpd; Fuy; etPd ftpijapy;
E}W thpfshtJ gbj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mjpfk; xypf;fpwJ. ftpQh;fspd;
ftpijia ve;j tifapy; ,urpf;f
vz;zpf;ifia xg;gpLk;NghJ ey;y
Ntz;Lk;? cjhuzj;NjhL tpsf;fTk;.
ftpijfspd; vz;zpf;if jhd;
xU fy;iy vLj;J Fsj;J ePhpy;
FiwT. ,J vy;yhf; fhyj;jpYk;
vwpAk; NghJ tisak; Nghy miyfs;
mg;gbj;jhd; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
vOtijf; fz;bUg;ghP ;fs;. xUey;y
Ngl;b : nry;tp. n[. ghujp>
ftpij thp vd;gJk; ek; kdf;Fsj;jpy;
jkpo; tphpTiuahsh;
vwpag;gLk; fy; Nghd;Wjhd; gy


tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 15 rdthp; 201
2010
  nfhbfhj;j Fkud; jpUg;G+h; Njr ge;J thypg
rq;fj;jpdh; rl;l kWg;gpy; <LgLtJ
<. nghparhkp>
vdj; jPhk; hdpj;jdh;. ,jpy;
Kjyhz;L tzpfNkyhz;ikapay; ‘m’ gphpT.
Fkhurhkp Kd;dplk; tfpj;jhh;.
njhz;lh; FOtpw;Fj; jpUg;G+h;
gp.v];.Re;juk; vd;gth; jiyikg;
nghWg;G tfpj;jhh;. Njr gf;j
khtPuh; Fkhurhkp Kd;dhy; nghpa
nfhbia Ve;jpathW tPueilapl;lhh;.
rj;jpahfpuf khtPuh;fspd; kPJ
NghyPrhh; jbab elj;jpdh;.
FkhurhkpAk; jhf;fg;gl;lhh;. mth;
jpUg;G+h; Fkud; vdg; ngUikNahL
jiyapd; kz;ilNahL nehWq;fpaJ.
ehk; miof;Fk; me;j tPuj; jpahfpapd;
nts;snkd ,uj;jk; tope;jJ. jd;
,aw;ngah; Fkhurhkp. nerTj;
czh;T kq;Fk; tiu Fkhurhkp
njhopypy; epfuw;W tpsq;Fk; Nfhit
nfhbapd; gpbg;ig tpltpy;iy.
khtl;lj;jijr; rhh;ej ; nrd;dpkiyNa>
kWehs; 11.01.1932 ,y;
mtuJ gpwg;gplk;. er;rpKj;J> fUg;ghap
Fkhurhkpapd; filrpj;Jbg;G
mk;khs; MfpNahhpd; kfdhf 1904 Mk;
mlq;fpaJ. Njr tpLjiyf;fhfg;
Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; khjk; gpwe;j ,tuhy;>
ngUe;jpahfk; nra;j kdepiwNthL
FLk;gj;jpy; epytpa tWikapd;
mtUila caph; cliytpl;L
fhuzkhf> Ie;jhtJ tFg;G tiujhd;
tpLjiy mile;jJ.
fw;f Kbe;jJ. nrd;dpkiyapy;
caph;jhd; nghpJ Njrf;
,uhkhap vd;w kq;if ey;yhis
nfhbay;y vd;W Fkhurhkp
khiyapl;L kidtpahff; ifj;jyk;
epidf;ftpy;iy. capiutplj;
gw;wpdhh;.
NjrNk nghpJ vd vz;zp
cs;@hpy; nra;J te;j njhopypy;
Njrj;jpw;fhfj; jkJ capiuNa
Nghjpa tUtha; ,y;iy. vdNt> 1925
mh;gg
; zpj;j me;j khtPud;
Mk; Mz;L jpUg;G+h; efUf;F te;J
jpahfj;Jf;F <L ,iz VJ?.
Nrh;ej; hh;. Njr tpLjiy Nghuhl;lk;
ele;J nfhz;bUe;j fhykJ. kfhj;kh “te;Nj khjuk;”
fhe;jpapd; nghd;Diufs; mth;

kdj;jpy; Mog;gjpe;J mtUila Njr f tp ij
gf;jp flik czh;itj; J}z;baJ. ,jak;
mjdhy;> mth; Njrge;J thypgh; “eP jpdk; jpdk; Jbf;ifapy;
rq;fj;jpy; cWg;gpdh; Mdhh;. fhe;jp[p ahUk; cd;id epidg;gjpy;iy.
1930,y; njhlq;fpa rl;l kWg;G eP epd;w NghJ
,af;fk; epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;lJ. midtUk; Jbg;gNjd;? ”
kPzL; k; 1932,y; njhlq;fpaJ. k. ruz;ah>
,uz;lhkhz;L jkpo; ,yf;fpak;
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 16 rdthp; 201
2010
 tPughz;ba fl;lnghk;kd;  murh;fshy; ghpghydk; nra;ag;gl;L
te;jJ.
J. R+irg;
R+irg; gpufhrk;>
gpd;dh; re;jhg; rhNfy; Mh;Nfhl;
,uz;lhkhz;L jkpo; ,yf;fpak;
vd;gtuhy; kJiu Msg;gl;L te;jJ.
gpd;dh; gwpf;fg;gl;L ethg; Ml;rpapd;
fPo; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.
thpg;gzk; ngUkstpy; Ruz;
lg;gl;ljhy; ,t;thl;rpapd; kPJ
kf;fs; mjpUg;jp nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
mj;Jld; ,];yhkpa Ml;rp
Kiwiag; ngUk;ghyhd ghisaf;
fhuh;fs; vjph;ff; j; Jzpe;jdh;.
tho;eJ; kiwe;j khtPudhf ek;
,j;jifa epiyapy; Mh;ff
; hL
neQ;rpy; tho;eJ ; nfhz;bUg;gth;fSs;
murpid nts;isahplk; mlF
xUth; tPughz;ba fl;lnghk;kd;.;
itf;Fk; epiy cUthdjhy;
,th; 3.1.1760 Mk; Mz;L mofpa
mjidg; gad;gLj;jp Mq;fpNyah;fs;
tPughz;baGuj;jpy; (,d;iwa xl;lg;
thp tR+ypj;jdh; vd;gJ Fwpg;
gplhuj;jpy;) gpwe;jhh;. ,th; je;ij
gplj;jf;fJ. gpd; ngUkstpy; thp
n[ftPu ghz;bad;. jha; MW
tR+ypf;fg;gl;lJ.
Kfj;jk;khs;. fl;lnghk;kdpd; cld;
,j;jifa epiyiaf; fz;l
gpwg;Gf;fs; ,Uth;. Fkhurhkp vd;w
ghQ;rhyq;Fwpr;rp kd;dd;
Jiurpq;fk;> nrtj;ijah vd;fpw
fl;lnghk;kd; mtw;iw vjph;jJ ; thp
Cikj;Jiu.
juhky; Nghh; Ghpe;jJ Fwpg;
fl;lnghk;kdpd; Kd;Ndhh;fs;
gplj;jf;fJ.
njYq;F Njrj;ijr; Nrh;ej
; th;fs;.
Mdhy;> gpw kd;dh;fsplk; thp
tp[a efug; Nguurpduhy; Gyk;
tR+ypf;fg;gl;lJ. fl;l nghk;kd;
ngah;ej; th;fs;.
mth;fisj; jpUj;jp> thp nfhLf;f
NkYk; ,th;fspd; Kd;Ndhh;fs;
tplhky; jLj;jhh;.
njYq;F ehl;bd; gpurpj;jp ngw;wth;fs;.
,jdhy; fl;lnghk;kidf; ftpo;f;f
“nfl;b nghk;KY” vd tPuj;Jf;F
rhpahd jUzk; ghh;jJ ; f; nfhz;b
milahskhf nrhy;yg;gLk; rh];jj ; h
Ue;jdh;.
ma;azrhkp vd;w nja;tj;jpd; ngauhy;
fl;lnghk;kd; ke;jphpahf ,Ue;jth;
miof;fg;ngw;wdh;.
jhdhjpg; gps;is Mthh;. gpujhd
fl;lnghk;kdpd; ,aw;ngah;> fUj;
jsgjpahfr; Re;juypq;fk; ,Ue;jhh;.
ijah. 30 Mk; tajpy; ghQ;
,th;fspd; %yk; fl;lnghk;kid
rhyq;Fwpr;rp kd;duhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whh;.
tPoj; j
; vz;zpa Mq;fpNyah;fspd;
1736-f;F Kd; Vwj;jho ,uz;L
jpl;lk; gypf;ftpy;iy.
E}w;whz;Lfs; kJiu> ehaf;fh; tk;r
gpd;dh; fl;lnghk;kdplk; J}J
mDg;gpdh;. NgRtjw;fhd ,lk;
tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 17 rdthp; 201
2010
,uhkehjGuk; “uh[h NrJgjp khspif” Njit vd “nfsdp];” nra;jp
MFk;. jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lth; mDg;gpdhh;. ,r; r+oiyg;
“[hf;rd; Jiu”. fl;lnghk;kd; cld; gad;gLj;jpf; Nfhl;ilapy; jg;gpdhh;
jhdhjpg;gps;is kw;Wk; jd; fl;lnghk;kd;.
FOtpdUld; nrd;whh;. ,tw;why; nghpJk; Vkhe;j
Ngr;R thh;j;ij Njhy;tpahfp> nts;isah;fs; fl;l nghk;kdpd;
iffyg;gpy; Kbe;jJ. Mq;fpNyahpd; jiyf;F tpiy itj;jdh;.
tQ;rf tiyapy; rpf;fhky; jdJ tPuj; jhdhjpg; gps;isAld; 16 tPuh;fs;
jpwikahy; jg;gpdhh; fl;lnghk;kd;. Mq;fpNyah;fshy; ifJ nra;ag;
Mdhy;> “jhdhjpg; gps;is ifJ gl;ldh;. jhdhjpg; gps;isapd; jiy
nra;ag;gl;lhh;. ,e; epfo;Tf;fhf Jz;bf;fg;gl;L> nghJkf;fs; nry;Yk;
[hf;]d;Jiu gzp ePff
; k; ,lj;jpy; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gl;lJ.
nra;ag;gl;lhh;. fl;lnghk;kd; GJf;Nfhl;il
thp nrYj;jhikf;Ff; fhuzk; Nfl;L uh[htplk; jQ;rk; GFe;jhh;.
jpUney;Ntyp fnyf;lh; fhuzk; Nfl;L nts;isah;fspd; R+o;rr; pahy;
16.03.1709,y; fbjk; mDg;gpdhh;. ruzila Ntz;ba fl;lhak;
mjw;F fl;lnghk;kd; thpg;nghUs;> Vw;gl;lJ.
gzk; midj;Jk; nfhs;is 16.10.1799,y; nts;isah;fshy;
mbf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhff; $wpdhh;;. ifJ nra;ag;gl;l fl;lnghk;kd;
,jdhy; kpfTk; Nfhgk; mile;j %d;W thuq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dh;
Mq;fpNyah;fs; R+o;rr
; p nra;J ,d;iwa J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy;
fl;lnghk;kidf; nfhy;y vz;zpdh;. faj;jhW vd;w ,lj;jpy;
mjw;F mtiu ehl;bd; nghJ Gspakuj;jpy; J}f;fpyplg;gl;lhh;.
vjphpahf;fpdh;. jq;fspd; jpl;lj;jpw;F fl;lnghk;kdpd; tPor; r; pf;F
fhuzkhf ,Ue;j vl;lg;gd; vl;laGu
“vl;lg;gid” Njh;en
; jLj;J fl;l
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nghk;kdpd; eltbf;iffis nts;is
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ah;fs; fz;fhzpj;jdh;.
jiukl;lk; Mf;fg;gl;lJ.
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tQ;rfj;jhy; khtPud; khz;lhd;
uhZtj; jsgjp “ghzh;Nkd;”
mtd; Nfhl;ilAk; nfhbAk;
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; J.
Nfhl;iliaj; jfh;ff
; vz;zp “Nfh;dy; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhf Nghuhb 39 Mz;L
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ehyhGwKk; Rw;wp tisj;jdh;. Jr;rkhf kjpj;J nts;isaiu
jhf;Fjy; kpf gaq;fukhf vjph;jJ ; caph;ej P j; cd;dj tPudpd;
eilngw;wJ. mg;nghOJ nts;is tPuj;jpid vd;Wk; Nghw;WNthkhf!
ah;fsplk; MAjk; jl;Lg;ghlile;jJ.

Mq;fNyah;fSf;F kPzL
; k; MAjk;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 18 rdthp; 201

2010
  ePhpopT Neha; ,t;tif ePhpopit vil Fiwg;gjd;
Neha; 
%yk;> czTf; fl;Lg;ghl;lhYk;
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kw;Wk; clw;gapw;rpapdhYk; rpyrkak;
tphpTiuahsh;> caph;Ntjpapay;J
; iw.
fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
ekJ clypy; rh;ff
; iuia
fh;gg popT
; fhy ePhpop T Neha;
clYf;Fj; Njitahd rf;jpahf khw;w
%d;whtJ tif ePhpopit
,d;Rypd; mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
fh;gg; fhy ePupopT vd;gh;. ,J 2
Njitahd ,d;Rypid cw;gj;jp
Kjy; 4 rjtPjkhd ngz;fSf;F
nra;ahj my;yJ cw;gj;jp nra;j
fh;gg; fhyj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLfpwJ.
,d;Rypid gydspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy;
Foe;ij gpwe;jTld; kiwe;J
gad;gLj;j ,ayhj epiyNa ePhpopT
tpLfpwJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; vjph;fhy
vdg;gLfpwJ. ,uj;j rh;f;fiu msT
tho;f;ifapy; Foe;ijf;Fk; jha;fF ; k;
rhpahff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vdpy;
ePhpopT cz;lhFk; tha;gG ;
cah; ,uj;j mOj;jk;> ehbfspd;
mjpfhpf;ff; $Lk;.
Rth;fspy; nfhOg;G gbe;J ehsiltpy;
milgLjy; Nghd;wit Vw;glf;$ba
Mgj;ij mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
mwpFwpfs;:
o mbf;fb rpWePh; fopg;gJ
o mbf;fb jhfk;
ePhpoptpd; tiffs;: o mjpf grp
KjyhtJ tif ePhpopthdJ o kpf Ntfkhf vil Fiwjy;
o mjpfkhf Nrhh;tiltJ
Foe;ijfs;> rpWth;> rpWkpfs; kw;Wk; o fz;ghh;it kq;Fjy;
,sk; gUtj;jpdh; MfpNahUf;F o ntl;L fhak;> rpuha;gG; Nghd;wit
Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,th;fSf;F ,d;Rypd; Fzkhf mjpf ehl;fs; Mjy;.
nfhz;Ljhd; rpfpr;ir mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Vndd;why; ,th;fsJ ,d;Rypd;
tpisTfs;:
• ghh;it ,og;G
Rug;gpfs; ,d;Rypd; Ruf;Fk; jd;ikia
• khuilg;G
Kw;wpYk; ,oe;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,t;tif
• rpWePuff; NfhshW
ePhpopT rhjhuzkhf 10 tpfpjj;jpdUf;F • gf;f thjk;
Vw;gLfpd;wJ. • Nfhkh kw;Wk; ,wg;G
,uz;lhtJ tif ePhpopT ,d;Rypd;
Rug;gpfs; NghjpasT ,d;Rypd; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;:
Ruf;fhjjhNyh my;yJ mg;gb czT Kiw> clw;gapw;rp>
Ruf;fg;gLk; ,d;Rypd; jFe;j Kiwapy; Nehapd; jPtpuj;ijj; jtwhky;
nray;gl Kbahj jd;ikahNyh fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk;; khj;jpiufs;
Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j tif ePhpopT 90 vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
tpfpjj;jpdUf;F fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Kjypanray;ghLfs; topahf ePuopT
tif mjpf clw;gUkd; Nehiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
cs;sth;fsplk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 19 rdthp; 201

2010
czT Kiw: rg;ghj;jp my;yJ itf;f cjTfpwJ. clypy;;
NfhJik nuhl;b> mhprp> Nfo;tuF ,d;Rypd;; Rug;G epiy mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
Nghd;w khTr; rj;J epiwe;j gapw;rpapy;
clw;gapw; ftdpf;f
czTfis vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;bait:
Ntz;Lk;. nfhQ;rkhfTk;> Neuk; cq;fs; clYf;Nfw;w gapw;rpiag;
jtwhkYk; rhg;gplTk;. czT gw;wp Kjypy; cq;fs; kUj;Jthplk;
fye;jhNyhrpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,d;Rypdpd; nray;ghL
nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf Muk;gpj;J
,iug;igf;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s
cWg;ghd fizaj;jpypUe;J jtwhky; nra;aTk;.
cw;gj;jpahFk; xU `hh;Nkhd; jhd; ntw;W tapw;Wld; clw;gapw;rp
,d;Rypd;.
,d;Rypd; ruf;fhky; Nghdhy; nra;af; $lhJ. ,d;Rypd; Crp
my;yJ Fiwthfg; Nghdhy;> Nghl;l clNdNa clw;gapw;rp
my;yJ nray;glKbahky; Nghdhy; nra;af; $lhJ. ,uj;jj;jpy; rh;f;fiu
nry;fSf;Fs; FSf;Nfh]; nry;y
Kbahky; ,uj;jj;jpNyNa jq;fp msT mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;
tpLfpwJ. vdNt ePhpopT Kw;wpdhy; clw;gapw;rp nra;af; $lhJ. rpy
,d;Rypd; jtph;ff
; ,ayhjjhfp
tpLfpwJ. rkaq;fspy; ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s mjpf
,d;Rypd; Crp Nghl;Lf; nfhz;l rh;ff
; iuiaf; Fiwf;f czTf;
gpwF ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpy; fye;J cly;
KOtJk; guTfpwJ. kw;Wk; nry;ypd; fl;Lg;ghLk; clw;gapw;rpAk; kl;Lk;
Nkw;gug;gpy; glh;eJ; nry;ypDs; NghjhJ. rh;ff
; iuapd; msit
FSf;Nfh]; Gf top nra;fpwJ.
Fiwf;Fk; khj;jpiufis vLj;Jf;
Neu ,ilntspapy; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
fha;fwpfs; Nghd;w rj;Js;stw;iw rpy khj;jpiufs; ,d;Rypd;
cz;z Ntz;Lk;. nfhOg;G ePff ; g;gl;l cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpf;f fizaj;ij
ghy; kw;Wk; jhtu vz;nza;iag; J}z;btpLfpwJ. khj;jpiufs;
gad;gLj;jTk;.; rikay; Kiwia rpwg;ghf nray;Ghpa ,d;Rypd;
khw;wp> Ntf itj;j> fha;fwp Ruf;Fk; mstpw;F Nehahspapd;
czTtifisr; cz;z Ntz;Lk;. fizak; ey;y epiyapy; ,Uf;f
nfhOg;G epiwe;j czT tiffis Ntz;Lk;.
jtph;ff ; Ntz;Lk;. rh;f;fiu> nty;yk;> ,d;Rypd;:
Njd;> [hk;> Nff;Ffs; Nghd;w rh;f;fiu ePhpopT Kw;wpdhy;> gy ePhpopT
rj;J mjpfKs;s tiffis jtph;ff ; NehahspfSf;F ,d;Rypd; jtph;ff ;
Ntz;Lk;. ,ayhjjhfp tpLfpwJ. cq;fs;
clw;gapw;rp: kUj;Jth; cq;fSf;F ,d;Rypd;
ePhpopT Neha; cs;sth;fs; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;s ghpe;Jiu
clw;gapw;rp nra;tjhy; ,uj;jj;jpy; nra;Jtpl;lhy; ,d;Rypd; Nghl;Lf;
cs;s rh;ff
; iu msT fl;Lg; nfhs;sj; njhlq;FtJ ey;yJ.
gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. viliaf; fl;Lf;Fs;

tpbay; khj ,jo; - 16 20 rdthp; 201

2010