Microprocessorlabmanual EE0310 PDF

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab
LABORATORY MANUAL
EE0310 MICROPROCESSOR &

MICROCONTROLLER LAB
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SRM UNIVERSITY, Kattankulathur 603 203
LIST OF EXEPRIMENTS
Sl.No.
1
2
Name of the Experiments

Induction to 8085 Microprocessor
a) Addition of 2 - 8 bit numbers
b) Subtraction of 2 - 8 bit numbers
a) Addition of 2 - 16 bit numbers

b) Subtraction of 2 16 bit numbers
a) Multiplication of 2 - 8 numbers
b) Division of 2 - 8 bit numbers
a) Ascending order
b) Descending order
a) Fibonaci Series
b) Sum of finite series
7
8
Factorial of Given Numbers

a) Multiplication of 2 - 16 bit numbers
b) Division of 2 - 16 bit numbers
a) Binary to BCD code conversions

b) BCD to Binary code conversions
10
a) Rolling Display
b) Flashing Display
11
Stepper motor rotate forward and reverse direction
12
Digital analog conversion
13
Analog digital conversion
14
Microcontroller
a) Addition
b) Subtraction
c) Multiplication
d) Division
Page No.

INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR 8085
Aim
To study the microprocessor 8085
Architecture of 8085 Microprocessor
a) General purpose register
It is an 8 bit register i.e. B,C,D,E,H,L. The combination of 8 bit register is known as
register pair, which can hold 16 bit data. The HL pair is used to act as memory pointer is
accessible to program.
b) Accumulator
It is an 8 bit register which hold one of the data to be processed by ALU and stored
the result of the operation.
c) Program counter (PC)
It is a 16 bit pointer which maintain the address of a byte entered to line stack.
d) Stack pointer (Sp)
It is a 16 bit special purpose register which is used to hold line memory address for
line next instruction to be executed.
e) Arithmetic and logical unit
It carries out arithmetic and logical operation by 8 bit address it uses the accumulator
content as input the ALU result is stored back into accumulator.
f) Temporary register
It is an 8 bit register associated with ALU hold data, entering an operation, used by
the microprocessor and not accessible to programs.
g) Flags
Flag register is a group of fire, individual flip flops line content of line flag register
will change after execution of arithmetic and logic operation. The line states flags are
i)
Carry flag (C)
ii)
Parity flag (P)
iii)
Zero flag (Z)
iv)
Auxiliary carry flag (AC)
v)
Sign flag (S)
h) Timing and control unit
Synchronous all microprocessor, operation with the clock and generator and control
signal from it necessary to communicate between controller and peripherals.
i) Instruction register and decoder
Instruction is fetched from line memory and stored in line instruction register decoder
the stored information.
j) Register Array
These are used to store 8 bit data during execution of some instruction.

PIN Description
Address Bus
1.
The pins Ao A15 denote the address bus.
2.
They are used for most significant bit
Address / Data Bus
1.
AD0 AD7 constitutes the address / Data bus
2.
These pins are used for least significant bit
ALE : (Address Latch Enable)
1.
The signal goes high during the first clock cycle and enables the lower order
address bits.
IO / M
1.
2.
This distinguishes whether the address is for memory or input.

When this pins go high, the address is for an I/O device.
S0 S1
S0 and S1 are status signal which provides different status and functions.
RD
1.
2.
This is an active low signal

This signal is used to control READ operation of the microprocessor.
WR
1.
2.
WR is also an active low signal

Controls the write operation of the microprocessor.
HOLD
1.
This indicates if any other device is requesting the use of address and data bus.
HLDA
1.
2.
HLDA is the acknowledgement signal for HOLD

It indicates whether the hold signal is received or not.
INTR
1.
2.
INTE is an interrupt request signal

IT can be enabled or disabled by using software
INTA
1.
2.
Whenever the microprocessor receives interrupt signal

It has to be acknowledged.
RST 5.5, 6.5, 7.5

1.
These are nothing but the restart interrupts
2.
They insert an internal restart junction automatically.

TRAP
1.
2.
Trap is the only non-maskable interrupt

It cannot be enabled (or) disabled using program.
RESET IN
1.
This pin resets the program counter to 0 to 1 and results interrupt enable and
HLDA flip flops.
X1, X2
These are the terminals which are connected to external oscillator to produce the
necessary and suitable clock operation.
SID
This pin provides serial input data
SOD
This pin provides serial output data
VCC and VSS
1.
VCC is +5V supply pin
2.
VSS is ground pin
Specifications
1. Processors
Intel 8085 at E144 MHz clock
2. Memory
Monitor RAM:
0000 IFFF
EPROM Expansion: 2000 3FFFs
0000 FFF
System RAM:
4000 5FFF
Monitor data area
4100 5FFF
RAM Expansion
6000 BFFF
3. Input / Output
Parallel: A8 TTL input timer with 2 number of 32-55 only input timer available in -85 EBI.
Serial: Only one number RS 232-C, Compatible, crucial interface using 8281A
Timer: 3 channel -16 bit programmable units, using 8253 channel 0 used for no band late.
Clock generator. Channel 1 is used for single stopping used program.
Display: 6 digit 7 segment LED display with filter 4 digit for adder display and 2 digit for
data display.
Key board: 21 keys, soft keyboard including common keys and hexa decimal keys.
RES: Reset keys allow to terminate any present activity and retain to - 85 its on initialize
state.

INT: Maskable interrupt connect to CPUs RST 7.5 interrupt
DEC: Decrement the adder by 1
EXEC: Execute line particular value after selecting address through go command.
NEXT: Increment the address by 1 and then display its content.
Key Functions:
E
0
SUB
RD
1
i. Hex entry key 0

ii. Substituting memory content where next key is paused immediately
after 1, take used to st cutting address.
iii. Register key E
i)
ii)
Hex code entry (1)

Register key D
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex code entry 2

Retricre data from data memory to data top
Register key C
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex code entry 3

Retricre data from memory to top
Register key B
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex key entry C

Block search from byte
Register key F
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex key entry 5

Fill block of RAM memory with desired data
Register key A
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex key entry 6

TN/Tl used for sending (or) receiving
Register key H
i)
ii)
Hex key entry 7

Register key H
REG
C
2
TN
B
3
TR
F
4
BLOC
A
5
FILL
L
6
SER
H
7
F2
i)
ii)
Register key S
Register key I
SNG
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex key entry A

Function key F3
Register key ph
PH
i)
ii)
Hex key entry y

Signal step program (instruction by instruction)
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex key entry c

Much a block of memory from a linear block
Register key SH
i)
ii)
Hex key D
Compare 2 memory block
i)
ii)
iii)
Hex key entry B

Check a block from flame
Register key SPL
i)
ii)
Hex key E
Insert by test into memory (RAM)
i)
ii)
Hex key F
Delete byte from memory RAM
I
8
G0
PL
9
A
F3
C
SH
MOV
D
CMP
B
SL
BC
E
INS
F
DEL
System Power Consumption

Micro BSEB2
+5V @ 1Amp
+12V @ 200 mA
- 12V @ 100 mA
MICRO SSEB
+5V@ 800 mA

Power Supply Specification
MICRO SSEM
230V, AC @ 80 Hz
+5V @ 600 mA
Key Function
ICs Used
8085
8253
8255
8279
8251
2764
6264
7414
7432
7409
7400
7404
74373
74139
74138
8 bit p
programmable internal timer
programmable peripheral interface
programmable key boards / display interface
programmable communication interface
8 KV VV EPROM
8K STATIC PROM
Hex inverter
Quad 21/p OR GATE
Quad 21/p AND GATE
NAND Gate
Dual D-FF
Octal D Latch
Dual 2 to 4 line decoder
3 to 8 line decoder

In Enter Program into Trainer Kit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Press RESET key

Sub (key processor represent address field)
Enter the address (16 bit) and digit in hex
Press NEXT key
Enter the data
Again press NEXT
Again after taking the program, are use HLT instruction
its Hex code
Press NEXT
How to executive program

1.
Press RESET
2.
Press GO
3.
Enter the address location in which line program was executed
4.
Press Execute key
Result:
Thus 8085 microprocessor was studied successfully.
10

ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS
Aim:
To write an assembly language for adding two 8 bit numbers by using micro
processor kit.
Apparatus required:
8085 micro processor kit
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Start the microprocessor

Intialize the carry as Zero
Load the first 8 bit data into the accumulator
Copy the contents of accumulator into the register B
Load the second 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Add the 2 - 8 bit datas and check for carry.
Jump on if no carry
Increment carry if there is
Store the added request in accumulator
More the carry value to accumulator
Store the carry value in accumulator
Stop the program execution.
11

START
Intialise the carry as zero
Load the 1st 8 bit number

Transfer the 1st number to register B
Load the 2nd 8 bit number
Transfer and Add the contents of A and B
No
Check for
carry?
Yes
Increment carry by one
Store the added value in accumulator
Move the contents of carry into accumulator
Store the value of carry in accumulator
END
12
Address
4100
4102
4105
Mnemonics
MVI C,00
LDA 4300
MOV, B,A
Hex Code
OE, 00
3A, (00, 43)
47
4106
LDA 4301
3A, (01, 43)
4109
410A
410D
ADD B
JNC
INR C
80
D2, 0E, 41
OC
STA 4302
32 (02, 43)
4111
MOV A,C
79
4112
STA 4303
32 (03, 43)
4115
HLT
76
410E
Label
Loop
Comments
Initialize the carry as zero
Load the first 8 bit data
Copy the value of 8 bit data
into register B
Load the second 8 bit data
into the accumulator
Add the hoo values
Jump on if no carry
If carry is there increment it
by one
Stone the added value in the
accumulator
More the value of carry to
the
accumulator
from
register C
Store the value of carry in
the accumulator
Stop the program execution
Input
Without carry
Input Address
4300
4301
Value
04
02
Output Address
4302
4303
Value
06
00 (carry)
Input Address
4300
4301
Value
FF
FF
Output Address
4302
4303
Value
FE
01 (carry)
Output
With carry
Calculation
(1)
1111 1111
1111 1111
--------------1111 1110
=========
F
E
Result:
The assembly language program for 8 bit addition of two numbers was executed
successfully by using 8085 micro processing kit.
13
SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write a assembly language program for subtracting 2 bit (8) numbers by using8085 micro processor kit.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Intialize the carry as Zero
Load the first 8 bit data into the accumulator
Copy the contents of contents into the register B
Load the second 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Subtract the 2 8 bit datas and check for borrow.
Jump on if no borrow
Increment borrow if there is
2s compliment of accumulator is found out
Store the result in the accumulator
More the borrow value from c to accumulator
Store the borrow value in the accumulator
Stop program execution
14
START
Intialise the borrow as zero

Load the 1st 8 bit number
Move the 1st 8 bit data to register B
Subtract the two values
No
Check for
carry?
Yes
1s compliment of 2nd value
Add 1 to 1s compliment for 2s compliment
Store the value of result in accumulator
Move the carry into the accumulator
Store the value of carry in accumulator
END
15
Address
4100
4102
Label
Mnemonics
MVI C,00
LDA 4300
Hex Code
OE, 00
3A, (00, 43)
MOV, B,A
LDA 4301
47
3A, (01, 43)
SUB B
INC
INR C
90
D2, 0E, 41
OC
CMA
ADI, 01
2F
6, 01
4111
4114
STA 4302
MOV A,C
32,02,43
79
4115
4118
STA 4303
HLT
32,03,43
76
4105
4106
4109
410A
410D
410E
410F
Loop
Loop
Comments
Initialize the carry as zero
Load the first 8 bit data into the
accumulator
Copy the value into register B
Load the 2nd 8 bit data into the
accumulator
Subtract both the values
Jump on if no borrow
If borrow is there, increment it by
one
Compliment of 2nd data
Add one to 1s compliment of 2nd
data
Store the result in accumulator
Moul the value of borrow into the
accumulator
Stop Program execution
Input
Without borrow
Input Address
4300
4301
Value
05
07
Output Address
4302
4303
Value
02
00 (borrow)
Input Address
4300
4301
Value
07
05
Output Address
4302
4303
Value
02
01 (borrow)
Output
With carry borrow
Calculation
CMA
ADJ 0.1
05 -
05 07
07 0111
1000
0001
-----1001
0101
-----1110 (-2)
16
Result:
The assembly language program subtraction of two 8 bit numbers was executed
successfully by using 8085 micro processing kit.
17

ADDITION OF TWO 16 BIT NUMBERS
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for adding two 16 bit numbers using 8085
micro processor kit.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
:
:
Step 3
Step 4
:
:
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
:
:
:
:
:
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
:
:
:

Get the 1st 8 bit in C register (LSB) and 2nd 8 bit in H
register (MSB) of 16 bit number.
Save the 1st 16 bit in DE register pair
Similarly get the 2nd 16 bit number and store it in HL register
pair.
Get the lower byte of 1st number into L register
Add it with lower byte of 2nd number
tore the result in L register
Get the higher byte of 1st number into accumulator
Add it with higher byte of 2nd number and carry of the lower bit
addition.
Store the result in H register
Store 16 bit addition value in HL register pair
Stop program execution
18
START
C = 00H
Load HL with 1st Data
Transfer HL - DE
Load HL with 2nd Data
DE + HL = HL
If
Cy =0
C = C + 01
Store HL in memory (SUM)
Transfer C - A
Store A in memory (Cy)
STOP
19
Address
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
Label
Mnemonics
MVI
C,00
LHLD
XCHG
LHLD
4802
DAD
JNC
Ahead
450E
450A
450B
450C
450D
450E
450F
4510
4511
4512
4513
4514
4515
AHEAD
4800
INR
SHLD
C
4804
MOV
STA
C,A
4806
HLT
Input
Without
Input Address
4800
4801
4802
4803
Value
01 (addend)
04
02 (augend)
03 (augend)
Output Address
4804
4805
4806
Value
03 (sum)
07 (sum)
00 (carry)
Output
Calculation
0000 0100 0000 0001

0000 0011 0000 0010
--------------------------------0000 0111 0000 0011
0
7
0
3
20
Hex Code
0E
00
2A
00
48
EB
2A
02
48
19
D2
0E
45
0C
22
04
48
79
32
06
48
76
Comments
C = 00H
HL 1st No.
HL DE
HL 2nd No.
Double addition DE +
HL
If Cy = 0, G0 to 450E
C = C + 01
HL 4804 (sum)
Cy A
Cy 4806
Stop excution
With carry
Calculation
Input Address
4800
4801
4802
4803
Value
FF (addend)
DE (addend)
96 (augend)
DF (augend)
Output Address
4804
4805
4806
Value
95 (sum)
BE (sum)
01 (carry)
1101 1110 1111 1111

1101 1111 1001 0101
--------------------------------1011 1110 1001 0101
B
E
9
5
Result:
The assembly language program for addition of two 16 bit numbers was executed
using 8085 micro processing kit.
21

SUBTRACTION OF TWO 16 BIT NUMBERS
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for subtracting two 16 bit numbers using
8085 microprocessor kit.
Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
:
:
:
:
:
:
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
:
:
:
Step 10
Step 11
:
:

Get the 1st 16 bit in HL register pair
Save the 1st 16 bit in DE register pair
Get the 2nd 16 bit number in HL register pair
Get the lower byte of 1st number
Get the subtracted value of 2nd number of lower byte by
subtracting it with lower byte of 1st number
Store the result in L register
Get the higher byte of 2nd number
Subtract the higher byte of 1st number from 2nd number with
borrow
Store the result in HL register
22
START
C = 00H
Load HL with 1st Data
Transfer HL - DE
Load HL with 2nd Data
Transfer E A (LSB)
A = A L (LSB)
Store A in memory (LSB)
Transfer D A (MSB)
A A H Borrow (MSB)
Store A in memory (MSB)
STOP
23
Address
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
4505
4506
4507
4508
4509
450A
450B
450C
450D
450E
450F
4510
4511
4512
4513
Label
Mnemonics
MVI
C,00
LHLD
4800
XLHG
LHLD
4802
MOV
SUB
STA
A,E
L
4804
MOV
SBB
STA
A,D
H
4805
HLT
Input
Without borrow
Input Address
4800
4801
4802
4803
Value
07
08
05
06
Output Address
4804
4805
4807
Value
02
02
00
Output
24
Hex Code
0E
00
2A
00
48
EB
2A
02
48
7B
95
32
04
48
7A
9C
32
05
48
76
Comments
C = 00H
L 1st No.
HL DE
HL 2nd No.
LSB of 1 to A
AAL
A memory
MSB of 1 to A
A- A H
A memory
Stop execution
With borrow
Calculation
05
06
Input Address
4800
4801
4802
4803
Value
05
06
07
08
Output Address
4804
4805
4806
Value
02
02
01
07
05
06
CMA
ADI
0101 0110
1010 1001
0000 0001
--------------1010 1010
05
06
(1)
08
07
08
CMA
ACI
0111 1000
1000 0111
0000 0001
-------------1000 1000
07
08
1010 1010
1000 1000
--------------0010 0010
02
02
Result:
The assembly language program for subtraction of two 16 bit numbers was executed
by using 8085 micro processing kit.
25

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS
Aim:
To write an assembly language for multiplying two 8 bit numbers by using 8085
micro processor kit.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
:
:
:

Get the 1st 8 bit numbers
Move the 1st 8it number to register B
Get the 2nd 8 bit number
Move the 2nd 8 bit number to register C
Intialise the accumulator as zero
Add both register B value as accumulator
Jump on if no carry
Increment carry by 1 if there is
Decrement the 2nd value and repeat from step 8, till the 2nd
value becomes zero.
Store the multiplied value in accumulator
Move the carry value to accumulator
Store the carry value in accumulator
26
START
Get the 1st 8 bit number

Move it to register B
Get the 2nd 8 bit number
Intialize the accumulator as zero & carry as zero
Add the accumulator with 1st number
No
Check for
carry?
Yes
Increment carry
Decrement 2nd number
No
2nd Number
Yes
Store the value f carry in accumulator
END
27
Address
4100
4103
Label
Mnemonics
LDA 4500
MOV B,A
Hex Code
3A, 00, 45
47
4104
4107
LDA 4501
MOV C,A
3A, 01, 45
4F
4108
MVI A, 00
3E, 00
410A
410C
MVI D, 00
ADD B
16, 00
80
410D
4110
4111
4112
4115
INC
INR D
DCR C
JNZ
STA 4502
D2 11, 41
14
OD
C2 0C, 41
32 02, 45
4118
MOV A,D
7A
4119
STA 4503
32,03,45
411C
HLT
76
Comments
Load the first 8 bit number
Move the 1st 8 bit data to
register B
Load the 2nd 16 it number
Move the 2nd 8 bit data to
register C
Intialise the accumulator as
zero
Add the contents of B and
accumulator
Jump if no carry
Increment carry if there is
Decrement the value C
Jump if number zero
Store
the
result
in
accumulator
Move the carry into
accumulator
Store
the
result
in
accumulator
Input
Input Address
4500
4501
Value
04
02
Output Address
4502
4503
Value
08
00
Output
Result:
The assembly language program for multiplication of two 8 bit numbers was executed
using 8085 micro processing kit.
28

DIVISION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for dividing two 8 bit numbers using
microprocessor kit.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Intialise the Quotient as zero
Load the 1st 8 bit data
Copy the contents of accumulator into register B
Load the 2nd 8 bit data
Compare both the values
Jump if divisor is greater than dividend
Subtract the dividend value by divisor value
Increment Quotient
Jump to step 7, till the dividend becomes zero
Store the result (Quotient) value in accumulator
Move the remainder value to accumulator
29
START
Get the divided

Get the divisor
Compare the dividend & divisor
Add the accumulator with 1st number
No
Check for
carry?
Increment carry
Decrement 2nd number
Dividend
Yes
Store the Quotient in accumulator
Move the remainder to accumulator
Store the remainder in accumulator
END
30
Address
4100
4102
4105
Label
Mnemonics
MVI C, 00
LDA, 4500
MOV B,A
Hex Code
0E, 00
3A 00, 45
47
LDA, 4501
CMP B
JC (LDP)
3A 01, 45
B8
DA 12,41
SUB B
90
INR C
JMP (LDP, 41)
0C
C3, 0D, 41
STA 4502
32 02,45
4115
MOV A,C
79
4116
STA 4503
32 03,45
4119
HLT
76
4106
4109
410A
410D
Loop 2
410E
410F
4112
Loop 1
Input
Input Address
4500
4501
Value
09
02
Output Address
4502
4503
Value
04 (quotient)
01 (reminder)
Output
Quotient
Carry
1001
0010 I
-----0111
0010 II
-----0101
0010 III
-----0011
0010 IV
-----0001 carry
- 04
- 01
31
Comments
Intialise Quotient as zero
Get the 1st data
Copy the 1st data into
register B
Get the 2nd data
Compare the 2 values
Jump if dividend lesser than
divisor
Subtract the 1st value by 2nd
value
Increment Quotient (410D)
Jump to Loop 1 till the value
of dividend becomes zero
Store
the
value
in
accumulator
Move the value of remainder
to accumulator
Store the remainder value in
accumulator
Result:
The assembly language program for division of two 8 bit numbers was executed using
8085 micro processing kit.
32

ASCENDING ORDER
Aim:
To write a program to sort given n numbers in ascending order
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
:
:
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
:
:
:
:
:
:
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
:
:
:
:

Accumulator is loaded with number of values to sorted and it is
saved
Decrement 8 register (N-1) Repetitions)
Set HL register pair as data array
Set C register as counter for (N-1) repetitions
Load a data of the array in accumulator
Compare the data pointed in HL pair
If the value of accumulator is smaller than memory, then jump
to step 10.
Otherwise exchange the contents of HL pair and accumulator
Decrement C register, if the of C is not zero go to step 6
Decrement B register, if value of B is not zero, go step 3
33
START
Load the count value in accumulator and save it in register B

Decrement B register (N-1)
Load the starting address of array in HL
Decrement C register of array in HL
Increment the data pointer
Compare the data pointed by HL with A
Compare
the datas
A<M
No
Yes
C=0?
No
Yes
Decrement register B
No
B=0?
END
34
Exchange the contents of

memory pointer by HL
Address
4100
4103
4104
4105
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
Mnemonics
LDA 4500
MOV B,A
DCR B
LXI H, 4500
MOV C,M
DCR C
INX H
MOV A,M
INX H
CMP M
Hex Code
3A, 00,45
47
05
21, 00,45
4E
0D
23
7E
23
BE
410E
JC
DA, 16, 41
4111
MOV D,M
56
4112
4113
MOV M,A
DCX H
77
2B
4114
MOV M,D
72
INX H
DCR C
JNZ Loop 1
DCR B
JNZ Loop 2
HLT
23
0D
C2, 0B, 41
05
C2, 05, 41
76
4115
4116
4117
411A
411B
411E
Label
Loop 3
Loop 2
Loop 1
Comments
Load the number of values
Move it B register
For (N-1) comparisons
Set the pointer for array
Count for (N-1) comparisons
Increment pointer
Get one data in array A
Increment pointer
Compare
next
with
accumulator
If content less memory go
ahead
If it is greater than
interchange it
Memory content
Exchange the content of
memory pointed by HL by
previous location
One in by HL and previous
location
Increment pointer
Decrement C register
Repeat until C is zero
Decrement in B values
Repeat till B is zero
Input
Input Address
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
Value
04
AB
BC
01
0A
Output Address
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
Value
04
01
0A
AB
BC
Output Address & Value
Result:
The assembly language program for sorting numbers in ascending order was executed
by microprocessor kit.
35

DESCENDING ORDER
Aim:
To write a program to sort given n numbers in descending order
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
:
:
Step 3
Step 4
:
:
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
:
:
:
:
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12

Load the number of values into accumulator and save the
number of values in register B
Decrement register B for (N-1) Repetitions
Set HL register pair as data array address pointer and load the
data of array in accumulator
Set C register as counter for (N-1) repetitions
Increment HL pair (data address pointer)
Compare the data pointed by HL with accumulator
If the value of accumulator is larger than memory, then jump
to step 10, otherwise next step.
Exchange the contents of memory pointed by HL and
accumulator
Decrement C register, if the of C is not zero go to step 6,
otherwise next step.
Decrement B register, if B is not zero, go step 3, otherwise
next step.
36
START
Load the count value to accumulator

Save the value in B register
Decrement B register (N-1)
Load the starting address of data array in HL pair
Using data pointer, load the count value in C
Decrement C register (counter for N-1)
Increment the data pointer HL with A
Compare the data pointed at HL with A
A<M
No
Exchange the contents
C=0?
Decrement register C
Yes
Decrement register C
Decrement
No
B=0?
No
END
Yes
37
Address
4100
Mnemonics
LDA 4500
Hex Code
3A, 00,45
MOV B,A
DCR B
LXI H, 4500
MOV C,M
DCR C
INX H
MOV A,M
INX H
CMP M
ICE, Loop 1
47
05
21, 00,45
4E
0D
23
7E
23
BE
D2, 16,41
4111
MOV D,M
56
4112
MOV M,A
77
4113
4114
DCX H
MOV M,D
2B
72
4115
4116
4117
411A
411B
INX H
DCR C
JNZ Loop 2
DCR B
JNZ Loop 3
23
0D
C2, 0B, 41
05
C2, 05, 41
HLT
76
4103
4104
4105
4108
4109
410A
410B
410C
410D
410E
Label
Loop 3
Loop 2
Loop 1
411E
Comments
Load the number of values
in accumulator
Move it to B register
Set the pointer for array
Count for (N-1) comparisons
Increment pointer
Get one data from array
Increment pointer
Compare next with number
If content A is greater than
content of HL pair
If it is greater than
interchange the datas
Accumulator to memory
value
Decrement memory pointer
Move the old to HL and
previous location
Increment pointer
Repeat till C is zero
Decrement in B values
Jump to loop till the value of
B be
Input
Input Address
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
Value
04
AB
BC
01
0A
Output Address
4500
4501
4502
4503
4504
Value
04
BC
AB
0A
01
Output Address & Value
Result:
The assembly language program for sorting 4 numbers in descending order was
executed successfully using microprocessor kit.
38

SUM OF DATAS
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to calculate the sum of datas using 8085
microprocessor kit.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
:
:
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
:
:
:
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Load the number of values in series in accumulator and move it
to register C and load the starting address of array
Intialize the value of A as 00
Move the value of A to B register
Add the content of accumulator with the data pointed by HL
pair
If there exists a carry, increment B by 1, if not continue
Increment the pointer to next data
Decrement the value of C by 1, which is used as counter
If C is equal to zero, go to step 10 if not go to step 5.
Store the value of A to memory, it shows the result
Move the content of B to A
Store the value of A to memory
Stop the program
39
START
Load the number of values in A

Move it to register C
Load the starting value of array
Move the value from A to B
Add the accumulator date with memory
No
Check for
carry?
Yes
Increment B register
Decrement C register by 1
Is
C=0?

Move the value from B to A
Store the value in A
END
40
Address
4100
Mnemonics
LDA 4200
Hex Code
3A 00,42
4103
4104
MOV B,A
LXI H, 4201
4F
21,01,42
4107
4108
4109
Loop
SUB A
MOV B,A
ADD M
97
47
86
Skip
JNC Skip
INR B
INX H
D2, 0E, 41
04
23
410F
4110
4113
DCR C
JNZ Loop
STA 4400
0D
C2, 09, 41
32,00,44
4116
MOV A,B
78
4117
411A
STA 4401
HLT
32,01,44
76
410A
410D
410E
Label
Input
Input Address
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
Value
04
07
09
03
04
Output Address
4400
4401
Value
17
00
Output
07 + 09 + 03 + 04 = 23
= 17 (in Hexa decimal)
(0F + 8 = 233)
0F
08
=
=
0000 1111
0000 1000
--------------0001 0111
1
7
41
Comments
Load the accumulator with
number of values
Move it from A to C
Load the starting address of
data array
Intialise A as 00
Intialise B as 00
Add the previous sum with
next data
Jump on if no carry
Increment pointer for next
data
Decrement C by one
Jump if not zero
Store
the
sum
in
accumulator
Move the value of carry to A
from B
Store the carry in memory
End of program
Result:
The assembly language program for sum of datas was executed successfully using
42

FACTORIAL OF 8 BIT NUMBER
Aim:
To write an program to calculate the factorial of a number (between 0 to 8)
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
:
:
:
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
:
:
:
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
:
:
:
:
Memory address
4250
4251
Intialize the stack pointer

Get the number in accumulator
Check for if the number is greater than 1. If no store the result
otherwise go to next step.
Load the counter and initialize result
Now factorial program in sub-routine is called.
In factorial,
initialize HL RP with 0.
Move the count value to B
Add HL content with Rp.
Decrement count (for multiplication)
Exchange content of Rp (DE) with HL.
Decrement counter (for factorial) till zero flag is set.
Store the result
Hault
Content
05
(12010)
43
START
Intialize stack pointer

Get the number
If
Number < 2 ?
Result = 1
Load counter
Initialize result
CALL facto
END
44
Facto
Result = Result X no
No = No -1
No
If
No = 0 ?
Yes
RET
45
Memory
Location
4200
4201
4202
4203
4204
Hex Code
4205
4206
4207
4208
4209
420A
420B
DA
17
42
5F
16
00
3D
420C
Label
3A
50
42
FE
02
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
LDA
4250
CPI
02H
JC
Loop 1
MOV
MVI
E,A
D,00
DCR
4F
MOV
C,A
420D
420E
420F
4210
4211
4212
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
421A
421B
421C
421D
Sub Routine
4600
4601
4602
4603
CD
00
46
EB
22
51
42
C3
1D
42
21
00
01
22
51
42
76
CALL
Facto
Loop 1
XCHG
SHLD
4251
JMP
Loop 3
LXI
H,0001H
SHLD
4251
Loop 3
HLT
21
00
00
41
Facto
LXI
H,0000
MOV
B,C
4604
19
Loop 2
DAD
4605
4606
4607
4608
05
C2
04
46
DCR
JNZ
B
Loop 2
46
Comments
Get the number
accumulator
in
Compare data with 2

and check it is greater
than 1
If cy =1 jump to loop 1
If cy = 0 proceed
Move content of A to E
Load this term as a
result
Decrement
accumulator by 1
Move A content to
C (counter 1 less than
A)
Call
sub
routine
programe Facto
Exchange (DE) (HL)
Store content of HL in
specified
memory
location
Jump to Loop 3
HL is loaded with data

01
Store the
memory
result
in
Terminate the program

Initialize HL pair
Content of C is
moved to B
Content of DE is added
with HL
B is decremented
Multiply by successive
addition till zero flag is
set

4609
460A
EB
0D
XCHG
DCR
460B
460C
460D
460E
C4
00
46
C9
CNZ
Facto
RET
Memory address
4250
4251
[DE] [HL]
Decrement
counter
value
Call on no zero to facto
(i.e repeat process till
zero flag for c = 1)
Return
to
main
program
Content
04
18
1 x 2 x 3 x 4 = 24
Hexadecimal
16 24
1-8
Result:
Thus, factorial program was done successfully
47

FIBANOCCI SERIES
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to displace Fibanocci Series.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Load the length of series in the accumulator and decrement it
by 2
Move the value to register D
Load the starting value of data value address
Intialise the 1st number as 00
Move the pointer to 2nd data and intialise them as 01
Move the pointer to next position for next data
Intialise B as 00 and C as 01 for calculations
Copy the contents of B to accumulator
Add the content of C register to accumulator
Move the content C to B and A to C
Now store the result to memory pointed by HL pair
Move the pointer to next pointer
Decrement 0 by 1 for counter
If D is not zero, go to step 9
if D is zero, end the program
48
START
Load the lenth of series

Decrement it by 2
Move it to D register
Load the starting value of data
Intialise their values as 00
Move the pointer to next position
Intialise the value as 01

Intialise B as 00 & C as 01
Move it from B to A
Decrement D by 1
No
Check
D=0?
Yes
END
49
Address
4200
Label
Mnemonics
LDA 4300
Hex Code
3A, 00, 43
4203
4205
4206
SUI 02
MOV D,A
LXI H, 4301
D6, 02
57
21,01,43
4209
420B
420C
420E
420F
4211
4213
4214
4215
4216
4217
4218
4219
421A
421D
MVI M,00
INX H
MVI M, 01
INX H
MVI B,00
MVI, C, 01
MOV A,B
ADD C
MOV B,C
MOV C,A
MOV M,A
INX H
DCR D
JNZ loop
HLT
36,00
23
36,01
23
06,00
0E, 01
78
81
41
4F
77
23
15
C2, 13,42
76
Loop
Comments
Store the length of series in
A
Decrement A by 02
Move A to D (counter)
Load the starting address of
array
Intialise 4301 as 00
Increment pointer
Initialize 2nd as 01
Increment pointer
Intialise B as 00
Intialise C as 01
Move B to A
Add A and C
Move C to B
Move A to C
Move the result to memory
Increment pointer
Decrement counter
If D = 0, jump to loop
Stop the program
Input
Input Address
4300
Value
05
Output Address
4301
4302
4303
4304
4305
Value
00
01
01
02
03
Output
00 + 01 = 01
01+ 01 = 02
02 + 01 = 03
Result:
The assembly language for Fibonaci series was executed successfully using 8085
microprocessor kit.
50

16 BIT MULTIPLICATION
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for 16 bit multiplication by using 8085
microprocessor kit.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Step 8
Step 9
:
:
Step 10
Step 11

Load the 1st data in HL register pair
Move content of HL pair to stack pointer
Load the 2nd data in HL and move it to DE
Make HL pair as 00 and 00
Add HL pair and SP
Check for carry condition, if carry is present increment it by
one else move to next step.
Decrement DE register
Then move E to A and perform OR operation with a and
D
The value of operation is zero, then store the value else go to
step 3
Stop the program
51
START
Load the lenth of series

Move the value HL to SP
Intialise both BC & HL as 0000
Add the content of HL & SP
No
If
Carry=0?
Yes
Increment BC pair
Decrement DE pair
Move E to a & or operation with D
Result or 1?
No
Yes
Store the result in HL
END
52
Memory
Location
4100
4103
Hex Code
Label
4106
4107
2A,02,42
EB
LHLD
XCHG
4202
4108
410B
410E
410F
21,00,00
01,00,00
39
D2, 13, 41
LXI H
LXI B
DAD
JNC
0000
0000
SP
Loop
4112
4113
03
1B
INX
DCX
B
D
4114
4115
7B
B2
MOV
ORA
A,E
D
4116
C2,0E,41
JNZ
Next
4119
22,04,42
SHLD
4204
411C
411D
411E
69
60
22,06,42
MOV
MOV
SHLD
L,C
H,B
4206
4121
76
HLT
2A,00,42
F9
Next
Loop
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
LHLD
4200
SP HL
Comments
Get the 1st data in HL
Save it in stack
pointer4106
Get the 2nd data in HL
Exchange HL and
DC
Make HL 0000
Make BC 0000
Add SP and HL
Jump to loop if no
carry
Increment BC by one
Decrement DE by
one
Make E A
OR gate between A
&D
Jump on if number
zero
Store the LSB in
memory
Make C to L
Make B to H
Store the MSB in
memory
Stop the program
Input
Input Address
4200
4201
4202
4203
Value
04
07
02
01
Output Address
4204
4205
4206
4207
Value
08
12
01
00
Output
Result:
Thus the assembly language program for 16 bit multiplication was executed
successfully.
53

16 BIT DIVISION
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for 16 bit division in 8085 microprocessor.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
Step 14
Step 15
Step 16
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Intialise BC as 0000 for Quotient
Load the divisor in HL pair and save it in DE register pair
Load the dividend in HL pair
Move the value of a to register E
Subtract the content of accumulator with E register
Move the content A to C & H to A
Subtract with borrow, the content of A with D
Move the value of a to H
If cy = 1, go to step 12, otherwise next step
Increment B register & jump to step 4
Add both contents of DC and HL
Store the remainder in memory
Move the content of C to L & B to H
Store the Quotient in memory
Stop the program
54
START
Load the divisor in HL & move it DE

Load the dividend in HL pair
Intialise A with compare E & L
Check for
if cy = 1
Yes
Store te remainder in HL in memory

Move the content of BC to HL pair
Store the Quotient in HL to memory
END
55
Subtract HL from
DE increment BC pair
Address
4500
4503
4506
4507
450A
450B
450C
450D
450E
450F
4510
4513
4514
4517
4518
451B
451C
451D
4520
Label
Loop 2
Loop 1
Mnemonics
LXI B,0000
LHLD 4802
XCHG
LHLD 4800
MOV A,L
SUB E
MOV L,A
MOV A,H
SBB D
MOV H,A
JC loop 1
INX B
JMP loop 2
DAD D
SHLD 4806
MOV L,C
MOV H,B
Hex Code
0,00,00
2A,02,48
EB
2A,00,48
7D
93
6F
7C
9A
67
DA,17,45
03
C3, 0A, 45
19
22,06,48
69
60
SHLD 4804
HLT
22,04,48
76
Comments
Intialise Quotient as 0000
Load the divisor in HL
Exchange HL and DE
Load the dividend
Move the L value to A
(A-E) A
A- L (A value is move t L)
H A (a is stored with H)
Subtract D from A
Then A is moved to H
If cy is present go to loop 1
Increment BC pair by 1
Jump to loop 2
DE and HL pair all added
HL is stored in memory
Move C register data to L
Move B register data to
H
Store the result in HL pair
Stop the program
Input
Input Address
4800
4801
4802
4803
Value
04
00
02
00
Output Address
4804
4805
4806
4807
Value
02
00
FE
FF
Output
Result:
Thus the assembly language program for 16 bit division was executed successfully.
56

BINARY TO BCD CONVERSION
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to convert an 8 bit binary data to BCD using
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
:
:
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
:
:
:
:
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
:
:
:
:
:
:

Clear D and E register to account for hundreds and tens
load the binary data in accumulator
Compare A with 64 if cy = 01, go step C otherwise next step
Subtract 64 from (64+1) A register
Increment E register
Compare the register A with 0A, if cy=1, go to step 11,
otherwise next step
Subtract (0AH) from A register
Increment D register
Go to step 7
Combine the units and tens to from 8 bit result
Save the units, tens and hundreds in memory
57
START
Intialise D as 00 for hundreds and e as 00 for tens

Load the binary data in A
Compare the accumulator with 64
Cy = ?
Subratct 64 from accumulator

Increment E register
Compare with 0A
Cy = ?
Subtract 0A from accumulator

Increment register D
Combine the units & tens to form 8 bit
cCom
Save the units, tens & hundreds in memory
END
58
Memory
Location
4100
Hex Code
Label
4102
53
MOV
D,E
4103
4106
3A,00,42
C3,06,41
LDA
CPI
4200
64
4108
DA,11,41
JC
TEN
410B
410D
D6, 64
IC
SUI
INR
64
E
410E
C3,06,41
JMP
HUND
4111
C3, 0A
CPI
0A
4113
DA,1C,41
JC
UNIT
4116
4118
D6, 0A
14
SUI
INR
0A
D
4119
411C
C3,11,41
4F
JMP
MOV
TEN
4A
411D
7A
MOV
A,D
411E
411F
4120
07
07
07
RLC
RLC
RLC
4121
4122
4123
07
81
32,50,42
RLC
ADD
STA
C
42,50
4126
4127
7B
32,51,42
MOV
STA
A,E
4251
412A
76
HLT
0E,00
HUND
TEN
UNIT
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
MVI
E,00
59
Comments
Clear
E
register
(Hund)
Clear D register
(tens)
Get the data in A
Compare the data with
64
If content is less jump
to ten
Subtract data by 64
Increment carry each
time
Jump to hundred &
repeat
Compare the data with
0A
If data is less jump to
unit
Subtract the data by 0A
Increment D each
time
Jump to ten & repeat
Move the value A to
C
Move the value D to
A
Rotate the value of A
Of A so that
Lower
and
upper
niddle
Gets exchanged
Add A and C
Save ten & units in
M
Move to E to A
Save hundreds unit in
A
Stop
the
program
execution

Input
Input Address
4200
Value
54
Output Address
4250
4251
Value
84
00
Output
Result:
Thus the binary to BCD conversion was executed successfully
60

BCD TO BINARY
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to convert BCD data to Binary data using
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Step 11
Step 12
Step 13
:
:
:

Get the BCD data in accumulator and save it in register E
Mark the lower nibble of BCD data in accumulator
Rotate upper nibble to lower nibble and save it in register B
Clear the accumulator
Move 0AH to C register
Add A and B register
Decrement C register. If zf = 0, go to step 7
Save the product in B
Get the BCD data in accumulator from E register and mark
the upper nibble
Add the units (A-ug) to product (B-ug)
Store the binary value in memory
End the program
61
START
Get the BCD data in accumulator

Move A to register E
Lower nibble of BCD data in A
Rotate upper -> lower & save it in B
Clear the accumulator & move 0A to C
Yes
Zf = 0 ?
Save the product in B register

Get the BCD data in A, move it to E and mark it
Add the unit A and (B-ug) product
Store the binary value in M
END
62
Memory
Location
4100
4103
4104
4106
4107
4108
4109
410A
Hex Code
410B
410C
410E
410F
4110
4113
4114
4115
4117
4118
411B
AF
0E,0A
08
0D
C2,0E,41
47
7B
E6, 0F
80
32,01,42
76
Label
3A,00,42
5E
E6, F0
07
07
07
07
47
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
LDA
4200
MOV
E,A
ANI
F0
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
MOV
B,A
XRA
MVI
REP
DCR
JNZ
MOV
MOV
ANI
ADD
STA
HLT
A
C,0A
C
B,A
A,E
0F
B
4201
Input
Input Address
4200
Value
68
Output Address
4201
Value
44
Output
16 68
4-4
Result:
Thus the BCD to binary conversion was executed successfully
63
Comments
Get the data in A
Save in E register
Mark the lower nibble
Rotate the upper
To lower nibble
And save in
Register B
Move it from A to
B
Clear the accumulator
Intialise C as 0A
Jump till value C is 0
Move the value A to B
Get the BCD in A
Mark the upper nibble
Add A and B
Save the binary data
Stop
the
program
execution

SPEED CONTROL OF STEPPER MOTOR
Aim:
To write an assembly program to make the stepper motor run in forward and reverse
direction.
Apparatus required:
Stepper motor
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
:
:
:
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
:
:
:
:
:
Load the HL pair wit value from table

Move it to B register for setting the counter
Move the memory value to accumulator and display it by
control word
Load DE register pair with FFFF for starting delay subroutine
Run the delay loop control D-register becomes zero.
Increment H address for next value from table
Jump on no zero
When B = 0, go to start and restart the program
64
START
Load HL register pair with data

Load E with 04 (count)
Move memory to accumulator
Display the accumulator content (8 bit port)
Load the DE pair with FFFF
Start delay subroutine
Decrement D by one, check OR gate
between D and E
D=0?
Increment HL pair by one (count)

Decrement B count by one
Cy = ?
65
Memory
Location
4100
4103
4105
4106
4108
410B
410C
410D
410E
410F
4112
4113
4114
4117
Hex Code
Label
Start
LXI
Repeat
Delay
MVI
MOV
OUT
LXI
NOP
DCX
MOV
ORA
JNZ
INX
DCR
JNZ
JMP
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
H,Look up
21,1A,41
B,04
A,M
C0
D,03,03
D
A,E
D
DELAY
H
B
Repeat
START
06,04
7E
D3, C0
11
00
1B
7B
B2
C2, 0B,41
23
05
C2,05,41
C3,00,41
Comments
Load the HL with
data
B = 04
Memory value to A
Display it
Load DE with FFFF
Start delay loop
Decrement DE by 1
Move E to A
Check De = 0 or not
Jump on zero
Increment HL by 1
Decrement B by 1
Jump on no zero
Jump to start
Input
Input Address
411A
411B
411C
411D
Value
0A
06
05
09
Output Address
411A
411B
411C
411D
Value
09
05
06
0A
Reverse Direction
Result:
Thus, an assembly language program to control of stepper motor was written using
66

FLASHING DISPLAY
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to obtain the following flashing display of a
particular data.
Apparatus required:
8085 micro processing kit
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
:
:
:
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9
Step 10
:
:
:
:
:
:
Get the control words in accumulator and output words through

8 bit address
Load HL register pair with memory address
Get the count value in C register
Increment the register pair by one and display the character and
call for delay.
Clear the display and call delay routine to step 7
Go to step 7
Load DE register pair with memory address
Decrement DE pair with memory address
If the content is not equal to zero, go to step 8
Return to main program
67
START
Load the control loads for flashing display

Load the register pair HL with specified address
Transfer count from memory to C register
Increment memory address

Transfer memory count in accumulator
Output accumulator content to a data register
Increment count in register c
No
Check for
carry?
Yes
Call delay
Load control word for linear screen
Call delay
Load DE with memory address
No
If
Content ?
Yes
Return
68
Memory
Location
4300
4302
Hex Code
Label
MVI
OUT
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
A,00
3E,00
01
DE,01
4304
MVI
A,90
3E,90
4306
4308
430A
430C
430F
4310
4311
4312
4314
4315
4318
431B
431D
431F
4322
4600
4603
4604
4605
4606
4609
OUT
MVI
OUT
LXI
MOV
INX
MOV
OUT
DCR
JNZ
CALL
MVI
OUT
CALL
JMP
LXI
DCX
MOV
ORA
JNZ
RET
01
A,CC
01
H,5000
C,M
H
A,M
00
C
Loop 1
Delay
A,DC
01
Delay
Loop 2
D,FFFF
D
A,E
D
Loop 3
C9
D3,01
3E,CC
0D,01
21,00,50
4E
23
7E
D3, 00
0D
C2,10,43
C0,00,46
3E,DC
D3, 01
CD,00,46
C3 0C,43
11,FF,FF
1B
7B
B2
C2,03,46
C9
Loop 2
Loop 1
Delay
Loop 3
Comments
Intialise A as 00
Out the control word
trough 8 bit
Intialise a with cw for
RAM
Out the cw
A = CC
Out the cw
Load HL with
M to C
Increment H by
Move M to A
Out the character
Decrement C by 1
Check for zero
Call subroutine
A <- 0C
A<-01
Call subroutine
Check for zf
Intialise DE=FFFF
Decrement DE by 1
Move E to A
Check De = 00
Jump on no zero
Return
to
main
program
Input
Input Address
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
Value
05
68
68
68
FD
88
Output
EEE A
Result:
Thus, an assembly language program to obtain flashing display of a particular data
was written using 8085 microprocessor kit.
69

ROLLING DISPLAY
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to obtain a rolling display of a particular data
by using 8085 microprocessor
Apparatus required:
8085 micro processing kit
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
:
:
Step 6
Step 7
Step 8
:
:
:
Get the control words in accumulator and output the control

words through 8 bit port address
Load HL register pair with memory address and transfer
memory content to C register
Increment HL pair with one and transfer the particular bit
pattern through 8 bit port address
Call subroutine delay at step 6
If the count value in C is not equal to zero then go to step 3
else go to step 2
Load DE register pair by memory address
Decrement DE register pair by one
If DE is not equal to zero, go to step 7 else main program
70
Delay
Intialise register D with maximum count EE

Intialise register c with maximum count EE
Decrement register C count by one
If
Reg C
Count ?
No
Yes
Decrement register D content by one
No
If reg D
Count ?
Yes
Return
71
Memory
Location
4500
4502
Hex Code
Label
MVI
OUT
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
A,00
3E,00
01
DE, 01
4504
4506
MVI
OUT
A,90
01
3E, 90
DE,01
4508
450A
MVI
OUT
A,CC
01
3E,CC
DE,01
LXI
H,5000
21,00,50
MOV
INX
MOV
OUT
CALL
DCR
JNZ
JMP
LXI
DCX
MOV
ORA
JNZ
RET
C,M
H
A,M
00
Loop
C
Loop 1
Loop 2
D,FFFF
D
A,D
E
Loop 3
4E
23
7E
DE, 00
CD,00,46
0D
C2,10,45
C3,0C,45
11,FFFF
1B
7A
B3
C2,03,46
C9
450C
450F
4510
4511
4512
4514
4517
4518
451B
4600
4603
4604
4605
4606
4609
Loop 2
Loop 1
Loop
Loop 3
Comments
Initialise A 00
Control word through 8
bit
A = RAM cw
Output cw through 8
bit port
A = CC
Output cw through 8
bit port
Memory
->
HL
location
M -> C
Increment HL
Move H to A
Output the character
Call the subroutine
Decrement C by one
Jump on no zero
Jump to L2
Load DE-FFFF
Decrement DE by 1
Move D to A
(A) = (A) check
Jump on no zero
Return
to
main
program
Input
Input Address
5000
5001
5002
5003
5004
5005
5006
Value
06
98
68
7A
C8
1A
2C
Output
HELPUS
Result:
Thus, an assembly language program to obtain rolling display of a particular value
written using 8085 microprocessor kit.
72

SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR
Aim:
To write a program and to generate square generator using DAC.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Delay Subtroutine
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
:
:
:
:
:
Intialise A as 00 and take data pointer to port C8

Call delay
Move FF to A and take port C8
Call delay
Go to step 1
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Counter 1 = 05
Counter 2 = FF
Decrement counter 2
Check if c= 0, if no jump to step 3
Decrement counter 1
Check if B = 0, if no jump to step 2
Return to main program
73
START
Load the control words as for displaying

Call the delay subtroutine program
Intialise the accumulator as EE
Output the accumulator contents register
Call the delay subroutine program
Jump to the start of program
Intialise B as 05 and C as FF and decrement c by one
Check for
c=?
No
Yes
Decrement the value of B
No
Check for
B=0?
Yes
Return
74
Memory
Location
4100
4102
4104
4107
4109
410B
410E
4111
4113
4115
4116
4119
411A
411D
Hex Code
Label
3E,00
D3,C8
CD,11,41
3E,FF
D3,C8
CD,11,41
C3,00,41
06,05
0E
OD
C2,15,41
05
C2,13,41
C9
Start
Delay
Loop 1
Loop 2
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
MVI
A,00
OUT
C8
CALL
Delay
MVI
A,FF
OUT
C8
CALL
Delay
JMP
Start
MVI
B,05
MVI
C,FF
DCR
C
JNZ
Loop 2
DCR
B
JNZ
Loop 1
RET
Comments
Intialise A with 00
Load the control words
Call delay sutroutine
Intialise A with FF
A -> C8
Call delay subroutine
Jump to start
B -> 05
[C] => FF
Jump on no zero
Decrement B register
Jump on n zero
Return
to
main
program
Result:
Thus square wave was generated using 8085 microprocessor kit.
75

TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATOR
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for generating triangular wave using DAC.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 7
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Move content of C to A where L is intialised to 00

Output content of C8
Increment L till zf = 0
Intialise L register with FF
Move content of L to accumulator and output to port
Decrement L if not equal to zero jump else go to next step
Jump on next step
76
Delay
Intialise the value of 1 as 00

Move the values of 1 to A
Output the control word for control signal
Increment the value of L
L=0?
No
Yes
Set the value of 1 as FF

Move the 1 value to accumulator
Output the control word
L=0?
Yes
Jump to start
77
No
Memory
Location
4300
4302
4303
4305
4306
Hex Code
Label
2E,00
7D
D3,C8
2C
C2,02,43
Start
Loop 1
4309
430B
430C
430E
430F
2E, FF
70
D3,C8
2D
C2,0B,43
4312
C3,00.43
Loop 2
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
MVI
L,00
MOV
A,L
OUT
C8
INR
L
JNZ
Loop 1
MVI
MOV
OUT
DCR
JNZ
L,FF
A,L
C8
L
Loop 2
JMP
Start
Comments
Intialise L as 00
[L] -> [A]
Load the control words
Increment register L
Jump on no zero to
loop 1
L = FF
L -> A
[C8] -> [A]
Decrement L by one
Jump on no zero to
430B
Repeat process
Result:
Thus the triangular wave was generated using 8085 microprocessor kit.
78

SAWTOOTH WAVE GENERATOR
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for generating Sawtooth waveform by using
microprocessor 8085.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
:
:
:
:
Intialise accumulator with 00

Output current address specified
Increment accumulator by one
Jump to step one
Delay
Intialise the accumulator as 00

Display the output port using cw
Increment the accumulator
Jump to loop 1
Memory
Location
4500
4502
4504
4505
Hex Code
Label
3E,00
D3, C8
3C
C3,02,45
Start
Loop 1
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
MVI
A,00
OUT
C8
INR
A
JMP
Loop 1
TRIANGULAR WAVE
79
Comments
Intialise A as 00
A = [C8]
Increment A by one
Jump to loop one
SAW TOOTH WAVE
SQUARE WAVE
Result:
Thus the Sawtooth wave was generated using 8085 microprocessor kit.
80

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to convert analog to digital signal and to
display it in 7 segment LED display
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
Step 1
Step 2
:
:
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
:
:
:
Step 6
Access the channel of ADC

Intialise the accumulator with start of conversion signal &
output it to the ADC
Send 0 signal for ending the conversion for ADC
Get the analog value converted to display from ADC
The digital signal is separated into two nibbles and displayed in
hexadecimal from by calling service subroutine.
Go to step 1
81
START
Load the control word necessary for generation of ALE signal to control register
Load the control word necessary to start the conversion to control register
Get the output port specified
If the 1st
LSB bit=1?
Get accumulator output in port specified

Transfer accumulator content to B
Mask all MSR & Store memory in location
Mask all 4 LSB & store memory in location
Load accumulator with 03 & with 08
Load the pair with address of MSR
Call the service subroutine
82
Memory
Location
5000
5002
5004
5006
Hex Code
Label
5008
5009
500A
00
00
3E,10
NOP
NOP
MVI
A,10
500C
D3,C8
OUT
C8
500E
5010
5012
5013
5014
5015
5017
5019
501B
501D
5020
5022
5023
5025
5028
5029
502B
502C
502E
502F
5032
5034
5036
3E,01
D3,D0
00
00
00
3E,00
D3,D0
DB,D8
E6,01
CA,19,50
DB,C0
47
E6,0F
32,51,51
78
E6,F0
0F
0F
0F
32,50,51
3E,03
0E,08
21,50,51
MVI
OUT
NOP
NOP
NOP
MVI
OUT
IN
ANI
JZ
IN
MOV
ANI
STA
MOV
ANI
RRC
RRC
RRC
STA
MVI
MVI
LXI H
A,01
D0
5039
503C
CD,05,00
C3,0E,50
3E,10
D3,C
3E,18
D3, C8
L2
L1
Mnemonics
Op code
Operand
MVI
A,10
OUT
C8
MVI
A,18
OUT
C8
CALL
JMP
A,00
D0
D8
01
L1
C0
B,A
0F
5151
A,B
F0
550
A,03
C,08
5150
0005
500E
Comments
Intialise a with 10
Output channel through
Intialise A with 18
8 bit port
No operation
No operation
Intialise A with 2nd
signal
8 bit port
Intialise A with 2nd
Output through 8 bit
Get input from

B -> A
And of with A
Store in 5151
B -> A
And F0 with A
Rotate content A
Store MSB in 5150

03 -> A
08 -> C
Load HL pair with
5150
Call device subroutine
Jump to 500E
Result:
Thus the analog to digital conversion was done microprocessor.
83

ARTHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051
Aim:
To do the arithmetic operations using 8051 microprocessor
Apparatus required:
DAC interface kit
Keyboard
Algorithm:
Addition / Subtraction
Step 1
:
Step 2
:
Step 3
:
Step 4
:
Move 1H data to memory

Add or subtract 1H data with 2nd data
Initialize data pointer.
Move result to memory pointed by DPTR.
START
Out 1H data in memory

Add or subtract 1H and 1st data
Initialize DPTR
Move result to memory preset by DPTR
Stop
84

Program: 8-bit Addition:
Memory
Location
4100
4101
Label
Opcode
Start
C3
74DA
CLR C
MOV A, # data 1
4103
24DA
ADD A, # data 2
4105
464500
MOV DPTR, # 4500
4108
F0
MOV A @ DPTR, A
4109
80 FE
Execution:
Addition:
ML
4103
4109
Mnemonics
SJMP 4109
Input
0L
03
ML
4500
Comments
Clear the carry flat
Moves data 1 to
register A
Add content of A and
data 2 and store in A
Moves data 4500 to
DPTR
Moves control of A to
location pointed DTPR
Short jump to 4109
Output
05
Program: 8-bit Subtraction:

Memory
Location
4100
4101
Label
Opcode
Start
C3
74DA
CLR C
MOV A, # data 1
4103
24DA
SUB B, # data 2
4105
4108
464500
F0
MOV DPTR, # 4500

MOV X @ DPTR, A
4109
80 FE
SJMP 4109
Execution:
Subtraction:
ML
4101
4103
Mnemonics
Input
05
02
ML
4500
Result:
Thus 8-bit addition, subtraction is performed using 8051.
85
Comments
Clear the carry flat
Moves data 1 to
register A
Subtract data 2 from
content of A and store
result in A
Moves 4500 to DPTR
Moves
result
by
location by DTPR
Short jump to 4109
Output
03

ARTHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051
Aim:
To do the arithmetic operations using 8051 microprocessor
Apparatus required:
DAC interface kit
Keyboard
Algorithm:
Multiplication / Division
Step 1
:
Step 2
:
Step 3
:
Step 4
:
Step 5
:
Step 6
:
Step 7
:
Get 1H data and 2nd data to memory

Multiply or divide 1H data with 2nd data
Initialize data pointer.
Move result to memory pointed by DPTR (first port)
Increment DPTR
Move 2nd part of result to register A
Move result to 2nd memory location pointer by DPTR
START
Get data into the register
Complement the data

Move the data to pointer by DPTR
Increment data
Increment DPTR
Move data into paste location
Short jump to preset location
Stop
86
Yes
Program: 8-bit Multiplication:
Memory
Label
Opcode
Location
4100
Start
7403
Mnemonics
MOV A, # data 1
4101
75F003
4105
A4
4106
904500
MOV DPTR, # 4500
4109
410B
410D
410E
F0
E5F0
F0
80FE
MOV X @DPTR, A
MOV A,B
MOV A @ DPTR
SJMP 410E
Execution:
Multiplication:
ML
4101
4103
Program: 8-bit Division:
Memory
Label
Location
4100
Start
MUL A B
Input
0L
04
Move immediate data

to accumulator
Move 2nd data to B
register
Get the product in A &
B
Load data in 4500
location
Move A t ext RAM
Move 2nd data in A
Same the ext RAM
Remain idle in infinite
loop
Output Address
4500
Opcode
7408
4102
75F002
4105
84
4106
904500
4109
410A
410B
410D
410E
F0
A3
ESF0
F0
80FE
Execution:
Division:
ML
4101
4103
MOV B, # data 2
Comments
Mnemonics
Value
08
Comments
MOV A, # data 1
Move immediate data

to accumulator
MOV B, @ data 2 DIV Move immediate to B
AB
reg.
DIV AB
Divide content of A &
B
MOV DPTR, # 4500
Load data pointer with
4500 location
MOV X @ DPTR, A
Move A to ext RAM
INC DPTR
Increment data pointer
MOV A,B
Move remainder to A
MOV @ DPTR, A
Move A to ext RAM
SJMP 410E
Remain idle in infinite
loop
Input
08
04
Output Address
4500
Result:
Thus 8-bit multiplication & division is performed using 8051.
87
Value
02

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EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

EE0310 MICROPROCESSOR &

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Name of the Experiments

a) Addition of 2 - 16 bit numbers

Factorial of Given Numbers

a) Binary to BCD code conversions

Stepper motor rotate forward and reverse direction

Digital analog conversion

Analog digital conversion

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

This distinguishes whether the address is for memory or input.

This is an active low signal

WR is also an active low signal

HLDA is the acknowledgement signal for HOLD

INTE is an interrupt request signal

Whenever the microprocessor receives interrupt signal

RST 5.5, 6.5, 7.5

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Trap is the only non-maskable interrupt

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

i. Hex entry key 0

Hex code entry (1)

Hex code entry 2

Hex code entry 3

Hex key entry C

Hex key entry 5

Hex key entry 6

Hex key entry 7

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Hex key entry A

Hex key entry y

Hex key entry c

Hex key entry B

System Power Consumption

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Press RESET key

How to executive program

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Start the microprocessor

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Intialise the carry as zero

Load the 1st 8 bit number

Store the value of carry in accumulator

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

3A, (01, 43)

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Start the microprocessor

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Intialise the borrow as zero

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

With carry borrow

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Start the microprocessor

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab

Store A in memory (Cy)

EE0310-Microprocessor & Microcontroller Lab