PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing Factors
Prior ischemic attack
Age 70y/o
Gender male

Etiology
none

Precipitating Factors
diet fatty foods
socio-economic factors
stress

Hx of heart disease

HPN

Formation of fatty streaks on

arterial wall

Stimulates hypothalamus
Sympathoadrenal medullary response

Scar tissue formation

Formation of plague
Restriction of expansion and
contraction of arteries
Blood stasis

Sympathetic nervous system

glucocorticoids

mineralocorticoids

Adrenal medulla

Cortical secretion

Aldosterone secretion

Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine

bronchodilation

Blood coagulability
Hyperventilation - RR
ThrombosisDislodging of blood Joins general
clot
circulation

Anterior pituitary gland

Pupil dilation
Wide eyed

Tachycardia

CHON Fat cells Glucogemetabolism

nesis
Fatty acids
glucose

Cardiac output

Na and H2O retention

Blood volume

Altered immune system

Cardiac output

Visual
preceptors

Embolism
Blood pressure

Continuous peripheral
resistance

Stimulation of nociceptive neural

receptors
Nape pain

oliguria

Minute vessels dilate

pressure & weakness of vessels
Rupture of hypertensive vessels
Intracerebral Hemmorhage

Cerebral blood flow

Hypoxia
Ischemia

Syncope

Infarction
Necrosis

Blood spills on brain tissue

Venous return

Formation of blood clot

Cardiac output

Space occupying lesion

Hypotension

Inflammatory response triggered

Capillary pressure
Cerebral Edema
Compression of brain tissue

Brain complies to

in pressure without

ICP

Displacement of CSF into spinal canal

Continuous brain tissue compression

Compensation by

Death

Stupor

Lethargy

ICP

blood volume in the brain Compensation by displacement of brain tissue as

manifested by: BP, BT, RR, PR, widened
Further tissue hypoxia
pulse pressure, agitation, nausea, vomiting,
seizures, dizziness, and drowsiness
Necrosis
Continues tissue displacement

D
Anterior cerebral artery
Frontal lobe
Premotor area Motor cortex left
side
Aphraxia

Nerve fibers cross

over pyramidal tract

Right sided
hemiplegia
Strong flexor muscles /
overbalances extensor
Serious deformities

Middle cerebral artery

Parietal lobe

Frontal lobe

Wernickes area

Brochas area

Receptive Aphasia

Posterior cerebral artery

Parietal, occipital,
temporal lobes
Agnosia

Medulla
oblongata
Dysphonia

Expressive
Aphasia
RAS

LOC

Posteroinferior artery
Brainstm cerebellum (CN V,
VII, IX, X, XII)

Dysphagia

Dysarthria