D.

Mary Magdaline
m.sc(nursing) 1st year

 Body

temperature may be defined as a

degree of heat maintained by the body or it
is the balance between the heat produced
and heat lost by the body.
NORMAL TEMPERATURE:The average body
temperature of average healthy human being
is 98.6 F (36.0 C)

 The

regulation of temperature is maintained

by two mechanisms
THERMOGENISIS
THERMOLYSIS
The heat regulating centre is the
hypothalamus situated in the brain.

 Through

the SKIN
Through the lungs
Through the
kidney
Through the
bowels

 HYPO

PYREXIA: Temperature falls below 97 F

LOW PYREXIA: Temperature between 99 F 101 F
MODERATE PYREXIA : Temperature between
101 F -103 F
HIGH PYREXIA : Temperature between 103 F 105 F
HYPER PYREXIA :Temperature above 105 F

 Application

of cold means using an agent on

the skin that is cooler than the skin. The
application is either moist or dry. It can be
applied to produce a local or systemic effect
or both.

COLD
APPLICATION

LOCAL

DRY COLD
*ICE BAG
*ICE COLLER

GENERAL

MOIST COLD
*COLD
COMPRESS
*COLD PACK

DRY COLD
*HYPOTHERMIA
BLANKET

MOIST COLD
*COLD SPONGE
*COLD BATH
*COLD PACK

 Cold

should not be applied on clients who are

in a state of shock and collapse.
Cold should not be applied when there is
edema.
Cold should not be applied in disease or
disorder associated with impaired
circulation.
Cold should not be applied when there is
muscle spasm.
Cold should not be applied when there is
decrease sensation.

 Cold

should not be applied when there is

infected wound.
Cold should not be applied when the client is
having shivering or having very low
temperature.

 Cold

sponging is used to reduce the

temperature in a patient with hyper pyrexia,
it is indicated over 103 F or 39.4 C

 Large

areas of the body are sponged at one

time permitting the heat of the body to
transfer to the cooler solution in the body
surface , often wet towels are applied to the
necks,axille,groin and ankels where the
blood circulation is close to skin surface.

 To

soothe the nerves and promote sleep

To relieve discomfort
To reduce temperature