EData Encoding)

EData Encoding)

EData Encoding)

EData Encoding) W

W
K

W
W

K J

K J
K J

K J
W
K

W
K

W
K

- -

EData Encoding)

(Data CodingF

ECoderF

(DecoderF
KCodec

EEncoding of Digital DataF J

- -

EData Encoding)

E F

KEF
J

KE1001
K

- -

EData Encoding)

( JF

EUnipolar NRZF J J

KELowFEHighF

WNRZ Level J

K0

+V
NRZ -L
0V
1

E JF

EEncodingF

KTb VHW1
- -

EData Encoding)

KTb0 VW0

K J

K J

K J

J
K0,s1,s

K J
J
ENRZ SpaceF J

+V

NRZ -S

0V
1

E JF

- -

EData Encoding)

EEncodingF

W1

0V10V

KTb

W0
+V00V

KTb

K J

K J

K J

K1,s J

K J
ENRZ MarkF J

+V

NRZ -M

0V
1

E JF

- -

EData Encoding)

W1

+V10V
KTb

W0
KTb+V0+V

K J

K J

K J

K0,s J

K J
J
EPolar EncodingF J J

+V

KE JFK-V

- -

EData Encoding)

RZ

NRZ

NRZ-L

NRZ-I

E JF

EPNRZF J J J
W

- -

EData Encoding)

EPNRZ LevelF J

+V

PNRZ -L

0V
-V
1

E JF

(Encoding)

KTb+VW1

.TbVW0

J
K

J
K

1,s J

0,s

- -

EData Encoding)

EPNRZ IF J
K1,s
+V

PNRZ -I

0V
-V
1

E JF

(Encoding)

-V+VW1
KTb1,s

KTbV W0

J
K

K1,s J

J
K

0,s J
K

- -

EData Encoding)

EPRZF J J J

-F0,s 1,s

KEV, 0 , +V

+V
0V
PRZ
-V

E JF

(Encoding)

+V Tb/2
0 W1
K0V

V Tb/2W0
K0V

J
K

0,s1,s J
KTb

J
K

K J
- -

EData Encoding)

EPolar Bi-phaseF J J J J

EPolar ManchesterF

V ,+VK
KEthernet

+V
0V

-V

E JF

(Encoding)

+VTb/2 W1
KV

VTb/2 W0
K+V

J
K

- -

EData Encoding)

0,s1,s J
KTb

J
K

K J
EPolar Differential ManchesterF J

K(Token Ring)

+V
0V

-V

E JF

(Encoding)

1Tb/2 W1

KK01XOR

0Tb/2 W0
KK01XOR
- -

EData Encoding)

J
K

KTb J

K J

K J
EScrambled EncodingF J
KV, 0 , +V

(AMI) J J

1,s

+V

AMI

0V
-V
1

E JF

- -

EData Encoding)

(Encoding)

K1,sW1

KTb0VW0

1,s J
K

1,s1,s J
K0,s

+V J
KV

K J

K0,s J

EHDB3F J J

0,sK

K0,sHDB3KAMI

- -

EData Encoding)

(Encoding)

KAMITb+V1

XY00X000X
0000
KVBYV

K000X

000X
K 1,s

X000X
K

1,s0000Y00X
K

X,YY00X
KY

J
K

K J
K J

K J

K J

- -

EData Encoding)

AMI

+V
0
-V
1

HDB3
0

Original

0 0 1

0 0

0
Signal

HDB3

1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 0

1 -1 1 0

AMI

+V
0
-V
1

HDB3
0

Original

0 0 1

0 0

0
Signal

HDB3

1 0 -1 0 0 0 -1 1 -1
E JF

- -

1 -1 1 0

EData Encoding)

EB8ZSF J J

0,s

K B8ZSKAMI

KHDB3, AMIB8ZS
KE JF

(Encoding)

KAMITb+V1 J

K000WX0YZ00000000 J

000NP0PN000WX0YZ J
KW

000PNoNP000WX0YZ J
KW

KZ000WX0YZ1 J

J
KB8ZS

- -

EData Encoding)

J
K

K J
K J

K J

K J

J
EM- arry Encoding and Modulation RateF

K
KEF

K(Shift KeyingF

EAmplitude Shift Keying-ASKF J

EEFrequency Shift Keying-FSK J

- -

EData Encoding)

EEPhase Shift Keying-PSK J

E JF

(modulation rateF

KBaud rate

KM=2M
W

- -

EData Encoding)

K J

K J
K J

M>2

4PSKM=2BPSK J
M = 4 =22

KE JF

8PSKM=2BPSK J

M=8=23

KE JF

- -

EData Encoding)

Mn

M = 2n
n = log2 M

- -

EData Encoding)

K360/MZM-ary J

K180/MZ J

KM = 2n = 22 = 4n = 2 J

KM = 2n = 23 = 8n = 3 J

J
EPerformance of M-array Encoding SystemsF

K J

J
KES/NF

M>2

LL

L
R Kmodulation rate

WLD
D = Baud Rate = bit rate / Baud length = R/n
Baud/ sec.
n = log2 M
R = D . n = D log2 M
bit/sec.

Binary Encoder
Digital Data

M-array Encoder
R bits/ sec

(-)
- -

D baud rate

EData Encoding)

D E JF

WW

D = 2W
bit/sec
R = D . n = D log2 M = 2W log2M
W = R/ 2 log2 MHz
Mlog2 M
K

L8- PSK

KK

M = 8 = 23 = 2n
n = Baud length = 3 bits
R = 10 M bit/sec
D = R/n = 10 M /3 = 3.33 M Baud/sec
W = D/2 = 1.66 M Hz

EQuaternary Phase Shift Keying-QPSKF J

M = 4M-ary Encoding

E11100100FK

QPSKE{{ JFK
K

- -

EData Encoding)

- -

EData Encoding)

(-)

- -

EData Encoding)

KW

1,sNRZ-LW
0,s

WW

KNRZ J

K J

KL8-PSK J

J
K

- -

EData Encoding)

WW

W ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK J

Digital-to-digital J
Digital-to-analog J
Analog-to-analog J
Analog-to-digital J

WPCM J
Digital-to-digital J

Digital-to-analog J

Analog-to-analog J
Analog-to-digital J

W J
Digital-to-digital J

Digital-to-analog J

Analog-to-analog J
Analog-to-digital J

K J
NRZ-L J

RZ J

B8ZS J

HDB3 J

- -

EData Encoding)

W J
Unipolar J
NRZ-L J

NRZ-I J
RZ J

Manchester J
10110101011001W
KAMINRZ-L

K8-PSKW
LK

K4-PSKW

- -