SPM Additional Mathematics Summary

Chapter 1 Functions
1. Representation of functions
f(x)
a. Arrow diagram

b. Ordered pairs

c. Graph

2. When Set X is mapped onto Set Y,

a. Set X is called Domain.

b. Set Y is called Codomain.

c. The elements in Set X are called Objects.

d. The elements in Set Y are called Images.
e. The set of Images is called Range.
3. Types of relations: one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many.
4. Composition of two functions.
a. Example
If f(x) = 3x 4, g(x) = 2 5x, then
fg(x) = f(2 5x)
= 3(2 5x) 4
= 6 15x 4
= 2 15x
gf(x) = g(3x 4)
= 2 5(3x 4)
= 2 15x +20
= 22 15x
5. Determine one of the function given a composite function and the other related function.
a. Example
If f(x) = 4 + 5x, fg(x) = 6 3x, then
fg(x) = 6 3x
f[g(x)] = 6 3x
4 + 5g(x) = 6 3x
5g(x) = 2 3x
g(x) =
b. Example
If g(x) = x 3, fg(x) = x2 6x + 7, then
fg(x) = x2 6x + 7
f(x 3) = x2 6x + 7
Assume y = x 3, then x = y + 3, hence
f(y) = (y + 3)2 6(y + 3) + 7
f(y) = y2 - 2
6.

Year 2014 edition